In what year was the International Olympic Committee created? and got the best answer

Answer from Natasha Shekhovtseva[guru]
The International Olympic Committee (abbr. IOC) is an international organization created on June 23, 1894 in Paris by Baron Pierre de Coubertin to revive the Olympic Games. The committee's headquarters are in Lausanne, Switzerland. Nowadays the IOC is the largest and most respected organization in the world of sports. International Olympic Day is celebrated on June 23

Reply from DINAmovets In spirit[guru]
The International Olympic Committee was founded on July 23, 1894 by the French educator Baron Pierre de Coubertin, who wanted to revive the Olympic Games of Greek antiquity.
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is the supreme body of the entire Olympic movement and is guided in its activities by the Olympic Charter. The role of the IOC is to promote both professional and amateur sport in accordance with the Olympic Charter. It ensures the regular holding of the Olympic Games and encourages, through appropriate measures, the promotion of women in sports, sports ethics and the protection of athletes.
The IOC consists of 202 members - National Olympic Committees, which meet in Session at least once a year. In addition, NOCs are united into the Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC) according to the principle of continental affiliation:
- Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa (ANOCA)
- Olympic Council of Asia (OCA)
- European Olympic Committee (EOC)
- Pan American Sports Organization (ODEPA)
- Central American and Caribbean Sports Organization (ODECABE)
- South American Sports Organization (ODESUR)
- Oceania National Olympic Committee (ONOC)

Reply from Yita Mikhailova[expert]
a) 1894

Reply from Armen Rushanyan[newbie]
of course a)1894

Reply from 2 answers[guru]

Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: In what year was the International Olympic Committee created?

2. The totality of natural morpho-functional properties at every moment of a person’s life determines him...
a) physicality
b) physical education
c) physical condition
d)physical development

3. It is advisable to perform “coordination” exercises in...
a) the preparatory part of the lesson
b) the beginning of the main part of the lesson
c) in the middle of the main part
d) the end of the main part of the lesson

5. Body weight reduction is facilitated by sets of exercises characterized by...
a) large volume and moderate intensity
b) local effect on muscle groups in areas of fat deposits
c) light weight and a large number repetitions
d) a large number of approaches and limited quantity repetitions
Check all items.

6.The importance of correct posture is that it...
a) creates optimal conditions for the functioning of all vegetative organs: cardiovascular and respiratory systems, digestive organs, excretion, etc.
b) performs a spring function
c) to a certain extent helps prevent obesity
d) performs, among other things, an important aesthetic function

Check all items

Complete the definition by writing the appropriate word
23. On September 10, 2013 in Buenos Aires, he was elected the new President of the International Olympic Committee...

Transfer-related tasks
24. List the sections curriculum, recommended as means of physical education...

25. List the characteristics of the level physical development, which you use to control your own condition...

1. The torch of the Olympic flame of modern games is lit... A) in Athens B) at Mount Olympus C) in Olympia D) in Sparta 2.

The Russian Olympic Committee was created in...

3. Summer olympic games 2012 Will be held in…

B) London

4. Evgeny Dementyev, Larisa Lazutina, Yulia Chepalova - champions

Olympic Games in...

A) Figure skating

B) Swimming

B) biathlon

D) cross-country skiing

5. Winter Olympic Games 2014 Will be held in…

A) Munich

B) London

6. Human health primarily depends on...

A) condition environment

B) heredity

B) lifestyle

D) activities of health care institutions

7. First aid for bruises is that the bruised area should...

A) cool

B) heat

C) cover with iodine mesh

D) rub, massage

8. The Olympic symbol consists of...

A) the Olympic flag

B) the Olympic motto

B) the Olympic emblem

D) Olympic rings

9. A person called upon to ensure that competitions are held in accordance with the rules of the sport and having all the authority for this is ...

10. Line along the short sides football field are called...

11.Combat unit of the lowest value in a chess game...

12. A metal projectile for developing the muscles of the arms and shoulder girdle is called....

13. Countries where sailing arose earlier than others

A) Norway, Sweden

B) England, Holland

B) Germany, Poland

D) Romania, Bulgaria

14. Since what year has sailing been an Olympic sport?

B) England

B) France

D) Russia

16. In basketball, for hitting the ball in the hoop from a free throw, you get...

17. In basketball, segments of the game are usually called...

B) period

B) quarter

18. In volleyball, when organizing an attack, players of one team are allowed no more than... touches of the ball in a row

Urgently! Please help me with the quiz!! Thanks in advance!!!:) I reciprocate:) 1.Name the date when it was formed

Northern Flotilla, who was appointed commander? 2.How many seas and oceans have you passed through? submarines Pacific Fleet, transferred to the Northern Fleet, in the Arctic and when? 3.What orders and medals in honor of naval commanders were established during the Second World War? Which of our fellow countrymen have been awarded orders? 4.When was the first issue of the newspaper “Red Northern Fleet” published? (5/Name Severomorsk Twice Heroes Soviet Union? 6.When did the transformation of the Northern Flotilla into the Northern Fleet take place? (Indicate the place of death of B.F. Safonov? Coordinates of death. 8. In the Central Naval Museum of St. Petersburg, a combat aircraft is exhibited. Who flew it? 9. How many combat missions did B.F. Safonov make, how many aircraft did he shoot down? enemy? 10.3a what feat and what award was awarded to G.D. 11. Ships of the Northern Fleet during the Great Patriotic War carried out a convoy to ensure the safe stay of allied ships and ships in Murmansk and Arkhangelsk. Famous Soviet writer, a student of the cabin school who served in the Northern Fleet, dedicated his novel to these events? 12.Which ship and why is it called the “northern Varyag”? 13.How many fleets are included in the navy Russian Federation?

1.1 History of creation international organizations

It is interesting to note that “knowledge” about international organizations appeared long before their introduction into international relations.

Dreams of this form of organization of human society can be found in the works of many scientists and politicians of the past. Over five hundred years (1300-1800), up to 30 projects of international organizations were drawn up aimed at ensuring international security, and at the beginning of the twentieth century more than 80 such projects appeared. Among the first to propose the creation of an international organization called the "Union of Humanity" was the Roman writer, statesman and the orator Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 – 43 BC). In his opinion, the main goal of this union would be the struggle for peace and the prevention of war.

IN Ancient Greece in the 6th century BC the first permanent international associations. They were created in the form of unions of cities and communities (for example, the Lacedimian and Delian Symmachia), as well as religious and political unions between tribes and cities (for example, the Delphic-Thermopylae amphictyony). Such associations were prototypes of future international organizations. F.F. Martens in his work “Modern International Law of Civilized Nations” wrote that “although these unions were caused specifically by religious purposes, they had an effect in general on relations between Greek states: like others social factors, they brought peoples together and softened their isolation.”

Among Russian educators, Vasily Fedorovich Malinovsky (1765 -1814) gained wide popularity in 1803 thanks to his work “Discourses on Peace and War.” In this work, he put forward the idea of ​​​​organizing a world union of peoples, which would resolve international disputes “according to the established order,” which would make it possible to avoid wars. In the mid-nineteenth century, the first international intergovernmental organizations appeared. The emergence of these organizations was caused by two mutually exclusive reasons. Firstly, the formation as a result of bourgeois-democratic revolutions of sovereign states striving for national independence, and, secondly, the successes of the scientific and technological revolution, which gave rise to a tendency towards interdependence and interconnectedness of states.

Scientific and technological progress has led to the fact that integration processes have penetrated into the economies of all developed countries Europe and caused a comprehensive connection and interdependence of nations on each other. The need to reconcile these two opposing trends - the desire to develop within sovereign state and the impossibility of doing this without extensive cooperation with others independent states– and led to the emergence of such a form of interstate relations as international intergovernmental organizations. The latter, in turn, evolved to distance themselves from nation states, to formalize the status of independent entities international law.

The question of the emergence of the first international organization still remains controversial; the Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine, which arose in 1815, is most often referred to as such. It was established by special articles of the Final General Act of the Congress of Vienna, which was signed on July 9, 1815. These articles prescribed the establishment international rules navigation and collection of duties along the rivers Rhine, Moselle, Meuse and Scheldt, which served as the border of states or flowed through the possessions of several states. Experts in the field of international relations identify three stages in the development of international organizations. The first is the second half of the 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century. It was a time of rapid development of science and technology, which gave rise to the emergence of such international organizations as the International Union for Earth Measurement (1864), the Universal Telegraph Union (1865), the Universal Postal Union (1874), the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (1875). year), International Union for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Property (1886), International Union of Railway Goods (1890). All specified organizations had their own permanent bodies, permanent members, as well as headquarters. Their powers were limited only to discussing specialized problems.

From the middle of the 19th century until the beginning of the First World War, the number of international organizations, the main registration of which is maintained by the Union, increased. international associations, established in Brussels in 1909. He coordinated the activities of international organizations and collected information on general issues their activities.

The second period of development of international organizations was the 20s of the 20th century – the beginning of the Second World War. First world war delayed the development of international organizations and led to the dissolution of many of them. At the same time, awareness of the destructiveness of world wars for the development of human civilization stimulated the emergence of projects for the creation of international organizations of political orientation in order to prevent wars. One of these projects formed the basis of the League of Nations, created in 1919. The main bodies of the League of Nations were the Assembly of all representatives of the members of this organization, the Council and the permanent secretariat.

Its main task was to maintain peace and prevent new wars. The League of Nations recognized that any war “is of interest to the League as a whole” and it must take all measures to maintain stability in the world community. The Council of the League of Nations could be convened at the immediate request of any of its members. When a conflict arose between members of the League of Nations, the dispute was resolved either in arbitration or in the Council. If any of the League members started a war contrary to their obligations, then the remaining participants had to immediately cease all financial and trade relations with him. The Council, in turn, invited the various interested governments to contribute troops to maintain respect for the obligations of the League.

Founding act, on the basis of which the League of Nations acted, was the charter. It was he who provided for the need to limit national armed conflicts and reduce them to the minimum necessary to ensure national security.

But, according to experts, namely I.I. Lukashuk, the League of Nations was unable to cope with its main task: maintaining peace and peaceful resolution of international conflicts. Those disagreements that arose between the members of the League resulted in failure to fulfill their obligations. She could not prevent the Second World War, as well as the attack of Japan on China, Italy on Ethiopia, Germany on Austria and Czechoslovakia, and Italy on Spain. On April 18, 1946, the League of Nations was dissolved because it did not fulfill its functions and at this historical stage ceased to exist. The third stage refers to the period after the end of World War II, when in 1945 the first universal international organization appeared - the United Nations (hereinafter referred to as the UN).

In general, during the period from the First to the Second World War, the development of problems of organizing international peace and security moved at an extremely slow pace, but one could observe a tendency to expand the role of international organizations in the development of international law. S.B. Krylov wrote that “while the functioning of international law was previously based mainly on the actions of states, then on modern stage it relies heavily on organizations such as the UN and specialized institutions, which are grouped around the UN.” The Second World War, due to its scale, gave a powerful impetus to governmental and public initiatives in many states to develop problems of the post-war organization of peace and security. The need to create an international security organization appeared already from the first days of the war, since, simultaneously with military efforts aimed at winning the war, member states anti-Hitler coalition also worked on developing principles and plans for the future world organization. The UN was distinguished from pre-existing organizations by its pronounced political character, manifested in its orientation towards issues of peace and security, and by its extremely broad competence in all areas of interstate cooperation. After the adoption of the UN Charter, a new era began in the development of international organizations. The enormous importance of the UN as a guarantor of international peace and security is emphasized in their works by both domestic and foreign international lawyers.

Speaking at the 58th session of the UN General Assembly, President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin emphasized that “the structure and functions of the UN were formed in a predominantly different international environment; time has only confirmed their universal significance. And UN instruments are not only in demand today, but as life itself shows, in key cases they are simply irreplaceable.” The current stage of development of international relations is characterized by a noticeable increase in the activity of international organizations. For example, over the past two centuries their total number more than doubled. In total, according to the Union of International Associations, in 2005 there were more than 6,300 international organizations in the world. According to scientists, if we take into account all the structures associated with international activities (charities, conferences), then their total number will reach about 50 thousand. Modern international organizations reflect the unity of cooperation among many peoples and nations. They are characterized by further development competencies and increasing complexity of their structures. Availability large number organizations, as well as the specifics of each of them, allow us to conclude that a system of international organizations has been formed, the center of which is the UN.

Through concession and production sharing agreements, oil companies acquire ownership of a portion of the produced production at the wellhead and destination of the product, respectively. Chapter 2. International legal mechanism for the exploitation of hydrocarbon deposits: problems and solutions 2.1 Legal justification for payment for the exploitation of hydrocarbon deposits On...

points, geographical coordinates which are approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. A different width of territorial waters is established international treaties Russian Federation. The airspace of the Russian Federation consists of airspace above land territory and above territorial waters Russian Federation. Herself air border is a vertical...

Plan.

Introduction pp.2-3

Chapter 1. History of the creation of international organizations. Types. Page 3-5

Chapter 2. Types and classification of international organizations. Page 5-9

Chapter 3. Modern international organizations. Pages 9-17

Conclusion. pp.17-19

References. p.20

Introduction .

This topic of the essay was chosen with the aim of studying the interaction of various states at the international level, i.e. in what specific issues and directions does this interaction occur, at what level are issues related to mutual assistance and resolution of disputes between states resolved.

At present, during the period of rapid development of scientific and technological progress, the existence of states without their interaction is impossible. Their interaction can be carried out both through economic and political relations. In the modern world, it is with the help of international organizations that cooperation between states is carried out. International organizations not only regulate interstate relations, but also make decisions on global issues of our time.

This abstract shows the structure of modern international organizations and their classification. Today there are many pressing issues: ecology, issues of war and peace, the fight against AIDS and drug addiction. Thus, every international organization is called upon to resolve these issues.

In addition, this essay reflects the history of the emergence of international organizations, for the creation of which it was necessary for certain historical events to occur in the world that would lead humanity to the idea of ​​interaction. Historical knowledge of the creation of international organizations allows us to trace the entire difficult path emergence of interaction between states. Considering the issue from the historical side, one can understand on what principles they were based and how international relations were improved, and what humanity is striving for.

Chapter 1

International organizations arose in ancient times and improved as society developed.

IN ANCIENT GREECE In the 6th century BC, the first permanent international associations appeared in the form of unions of cities and communities (for example, Lacedimian and Delian Symmacia), or religious and political unions of tribes and cities (for example, Delphic-Thermopylae amphictyony). Such associations were prototypes of future international organizations. Many scholars rightly emphasized that at that stage these alliances brought the Greek states closer together and softened their isolation.

The next stage in the development of international organizations was the creation of international economic and customs associations. One of the first such unions was the Hanseatic Trade League, which brought all of Northern Germany out of a state of medieval barbarism. This union was finally formalized in the 16th century. Lübeck was at the head of this association.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the German Customs Union was created. All states that entered this union were subject to the same laws regarding the import, export and transit of goods. All customs duties were recognized as general and distributed among the members of the union according to the number of people in the population.

Experts who study the history of international organizations believe that the first intergovernmental organization in its classical sense was the Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine, formed in 1831.

Already in the second half of the 19th century, international unions for measuring land were created (1864), the Universal Telegraph Union (1865), the Universal Postal Union (1874), the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (1875), the International Union for the Protection of International and artistic property and others. During this period, cooperation between states becomes more extensive, affecting ever larger areas of life. All organizations of this period had permanent bodies of fixed members and headquarters. Their competence was limited to discussing specialized problems.

The next important stage in the development of international organizations is the period after the First World War, when states began to create an international organization for maintaining peace and international security. So in 1919 The League of Nations was formed. The main bodies of the League of Nations were the meeting of all representatives of the League members, the council and the permanent secretariat.

Its main task was to maintain peace and prevent new wars. The League of Nations had to take all measures to maintain peace. If any member of the League resorted to war contrary to its obligations, the main members of the League were obliged to immediately break off all trade and financial relations with him, and the Council had to invite the various interested governments to send one or another contingent of troops.

The Charter of the League of Nations provided for various effective measures to maintain peace. It recognized the need to limit national armaments to the minimum necessary to ensure national security. The Council of the League had the task of selecting arms limitation plans for each state and submitting them to the governments concerned.

But according to experts, the League of Nations was unable to cope with its main task: maintaining peace and peacefully resolving international conflicts. Those disagreements that arose between the members of the League resulted in failure to fulfill their obligations. She could not prevent the Second World War, as well as the attack of Japan on China, Italy on Ethiopia, Germany on Austria and Czechoslovakia, Italy on Spain, etc. And on April 18, 1946. The League of Nations was liquidated because the League of Nations did not fulfill its functions and at this historical stage ceased to exist.

Thus, the creation of international organizations and their development occurred in stages. Gradually, states realized the need for international cooperation in various spheres of life, which led to the exchange of inventions in the field of science, military technology, and art.

International organizations of the past have become the prototypes of modern international organizations, of which there are now a large number, and which play a large role in modern international relations.

The United Nations (UN) is an international organization of states created to maintain and strengthen international peace, security, and develop cooperation between countries.

History of creation:

The name United Nations, coined by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was first used in the Declaration of the United Nations on January 1, 1942, when, during World War II, representatives of 26 nations pledged on behalf of their governments to continue the common fight against the Axis powers.

The first international organizations were created for cooperation in specific areas. The current International Telecommunication Union was created in 1865 as the International Telegraph Union, the Universal Postal Union was founded in 1874. Both organizations are today specialized agencies of the UN.

The First International Peace Conference was convened in The Hague in 1899 to develop agreements on the peaceful resolution of crises, the prevention of war, and the rules of warfare. The conference adopted the Convention for the Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes and established the Permanent Court of Arbitration, which began its work in 1902.

The UN's predecessor was the League of Nations, an organization conceived under similar circumstances during the First World War and established in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles "to promote co-operation among nations and to ensure peace and security."

The International Labor Organization was also created by the Treaty of Versailles as an associated institution with the League. The League of Nations ceased to function due to its failure to prevent World War II.

In 1945, representatives from 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on the Creation of an International Organization to develop the UN Charter. The delegates based their work on proposals developed by representatives of China, the Soviet Union, Great Britain and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks in August-October 1944. The Charter was signed on June 26, 1945 by representatives of 50 countries. Poland, not represented at the Conference, signed it later and became the 51st founding state.

The United Nations has officially existed since October 24, 1945, by which date the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, the United States and most other signatory states. The twenty-fourth of October is celebrated annually as United Nations Day.

The first contours of the UN were outlined at a conference in Washington at the Dumbarton Oaks mansion. In two series of meetings held from September 21 to October 7, 1944, the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and China agreed on the goals, structure, and functions of the world organization.

On February 11, 1945, following meetings in Yalta, US, UK and USSR leaders Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin declared their determination to establish “a universal international organization for the maintenance of peace and security.”

On April 25, 1945, representatives from 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on the Establishment of an International Organization to develop the UN Charter.

Delegates from countries representing over 80% of the world's population gathered in San Francisco. The Conference was attended by 850 delegates, and together with their advisers, delegation staff and the Conference secretariat, the total number of persons taking part in the work of the Conference reached 3,500. In addition, there were more than 2,500 representatives of the press, radio and newsreels, as well as observers from various societies and organizations. The San Francisco Conference was not only one of the most important in history, but in all likelihood the largest international gathering ever held.

The agenda of the Conference included proposals developed by representatives of China, the Soviet Union, Great Britain and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks, on the basis of which the delegates were to develop a Charter acceptable to all states.

The Charter was signed on June 26, 1945 by representatives of 50 countries. Poland, not represented at the Conference, signed it later and became the 51st founding state.

The UN has officially existed since October 24, 1945 - to this day the Charter was ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, the United States and most of the other signatory states. October 24 is celebrated annually as United Nations Day.

The preamble to the Charter speaks of the determination of the peoples of the United Nations to “save succeeding generations from the scourge of war.”

192 states of the world are members of the UN.

Main organs of the UN:

The UN General Assembly (UNGA) is the main deliberative body, consisting of representatives of all UN member states (each of them has 1 vote). 193 member states.

The UN Security Council operates permanently. According to the Charter, the Security Council is entrusted with primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security. If all ways of peaceful resolution of the conflict have been used, the Security Council is competent to send observers or troops to maintain peace in conflict areas in order to ease tension and separate the troops of the warring parties. 5 permanent members (China, Russian Federation, United Kingdom, United States and France) and 10 non-permanent members, elected for two-year terms. A state that is a member of the United Nations but not a member of the Security Council may participate, without the right to vote, in discussions when the Council considers that the matter under consideration affects the interests of that state. Both members of the United Nations and non-member entities, if they are parties to a dispute before the Council, may be invited to participate, without the right to vote, in the deliberations of the Council; The Council determines the terms of participation of a non-member state. Over the entire existence of the UN, UN peacekeeping forces have carried out about 40 peacekeeping operations.

The UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is mandated to conduct research and report on international issues in the field of economic, social, culture, education, health, human rights, ecology, etc., give recommendations to the GA on any of them. 54 members. The 4 member states of the Council are elected by the General Assembly for a term of three years. Seats on the Council are allocated based on the principle of geographical representation, with 14 seats allocated to African states, 11 to Asian states, 6 to Eastern Europe, 10 - states Latin America and the Caribbean and 13 countries Western Europe and other states.

International Court of Justice, Chief judicial body, formed in 1945, resolves legal disputes between states with their consent and provides advisory opinions on legal issues. 15 judges

The UN Secretariat was created to ensure proper conditions for the organization's activities. The secretariat is headed by the main administrative official UN - general secretary UN (since January 1, 2007 - Ban Ki-moon (Korea).

The UN has a number of its own specialized agencies - international intergovernmental organizations on economic, social and humanitarian issues (UNESCO, WHO, FAO, IMF, ILO, UNIDO and others) associated with the UN, through ECOSOC, and international agreements. Most UN members are members of UN specialized agencies.

The UN common system also includes autonomous organizations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

The official languages ​​of the UN and its organizations are English, Arabic, Spanish, Chinese, Russian and French.

The UN headquarters is located in New York.

The UN is a Nobel Peace Prize laureate. In 2001, the award “For contribution to creating a more organized world and strengthening world peace” was awarded jointly to the organization and its Secretary General Kofi Annan. In 1988, the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Peacekeeping forces UN.

Functions:

The purposes of the UN, as enshrined in its Charter, are the maintenance of international peace and security, the prevention and elimination of threats to peace, and the suppression of acts of aggression, the settlement or resolution by peaceful means of international disputes, the development of friendly relations between nations based on respect for the principle of equality and self-determination of peoples; implementation of international cooperation in economic, social, cultural and humanitarian fields, promotion and development of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, without distinction of race, gender, language and religion.

UN members have pledged to act in accordance with the following principles: sovereign equality of states; resolution of international disputes by peaceful means; refusal international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state.

Peacekeeping mission. The UN Charter itself does not provide for peacekeeping operations. However, they may be conditioned by the goals and principles of the UN, which is why the General Assembly regularly considers the need for a particular peacekeeping mission.

The implementation of a UN peacekeeping operation can be expressed in:

Investigating incidents and conducting negotiations with conflicting parties with a view to reconciling them;

Verifying compliance with the ceasefire agreement;

Promoting the maintenance of law and order;

Providing humanitarian assistance;

Monitoring the situation.

The first UN peacekeeping mission was to monitor the truce reached in the Arab-Israeli conflict in 1948. Also known are peacekeeping missions in Cyprus (in 1964 - to stop hostilities and restore order), in Georgia (in 1993 - to resolve the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict), Tajikistan (1994 - to resolve a religious conflict), as well as peacekeeping missions UN sent to Yugoslavia and Somalia.