Sochi National Park: history and modernity. Sochi National Park - a national treasure of Russia Sochi National Park what is protected

Sochi national park, created in 1983, became one of the first national parks countries.

Sochinsky Square national park— 190 thousand hectares

Main part nature protection zone occupied by forests (more than 180 thousand hectares), the rest of the territory is hayfields and pastures, roads, clearings, water, and estates. However, the park does not include the Black Sea water area. The tourist service area is about 13 thousand hectares. Administratively, the park is divided into 15 forest districts, united into three large territorial groups: Adler, Central and Lazarevskaya.

This is a big one natural object, where subtropical vegetation is adjacent to snow-covered mountain peaks. In the north-west it is limited by the mouths of the Shepsi and Magri rivers, in the south-east by the border with Abkhazia. South and northern borders became the Black Sea coast and the watershed line of the Main Caucasus Range.

An ordinary trip through the Sochi National Park can take several days, and to get around it completely, not even a week is enough. The park is divided into two zones. The majority consists of mountainous terrain with numerous streams, while the smaller foothill zone along the coast is characterized by a leveled landscape.

Prices in Sochi National Park 2020

• Entrance to Sochi National Park - 100 rubles;
• Climbing to the observation tower on Mount Akhun - 100 rubles.

In addition, a separate fee is charged when visiting some other sites of the National Park in Sochi. If the official website is not available, then you need to clarify the information directly with the park administration - in person or through the specified contacts. Finally, you can ask questions to Sochi experts and experienced tourists (form at the bottom of the page).

Animals of Sochi National Park

The fauna is extremely diverse. Representatives of about 70 species of mammals live in the park. Among them are brown bears, lynxes, chamois, deer, wild boars, roe deer, wolves, martens, otters, badgers, hares and many others.

The natural conditions of the Caucasus ensured the appearance of endemics (a fifth of mammals): the Caucasian grouse, the Promethean mouse, etc.

Most rare species, for example the Aesculapian snake, are listed in the International Red Book.

Plants of Sochi National Park

The predominant species is the eastern beech, the trunk of which can reach 50 meters in height. Oak plantations are common on the southern slopes of the mountains. Only in the Caucasus can you find a relict species - European chestnut. The lacy foliage of boxwoods gives the forest a fabulous look.

Rare and valuable species, listed in the Red Book of Russia (Lipsky tulip, etc.).

Leopards in Sochi National Park

The Leopard Rehabilitation Center in the Caucasus, opened in 2009, is located in the vicinity of the village of Monastery, not far from the Akhtsu Gorge. This is the first specialized complex in Russia for breeding large predators.

The Central Asian leopard was listed in the national Red Book in 2001. This is one of the largest subspecies of leopards in the world. Massive poaching in the 1950s brought it to the brink of extinction. The center's specialists are trying to prevent this from happening.

During the existence of the center, 14 kittens were born in Sochi National Park. The first grown leopards were released into the wild in 2016. The center is closed to the general public, but broadcasts are available online on the website (may be interrupted).

Sights of Sochi National Park

The territory of Sochi Park contains not only natural, but also cultural and historical treasures of the region: dolmens and megaliths, cave sites, fortresses. Target places for most tourists are waterfalls, canyons and gorges, caves, mineral springs, lakes, Yew-boxwood grove, observation decks, picnic meadows, historical monuments and a thematic museum. The Sochi Arboretum is also under the management of the National Park.

Waterfalls of Sochi National Park

More than a hundred river waterfalls, falling from a height of 2 to 72 meters, are available to tourists in the National Park.

The Devil's Gate Canyon, 14 km from Adler, has good transport accessibility. The height of the rocks above the Khosta riverbed in this canyon reaches 50 meters.

Caves in Sochi National Park

Sochi National Park contains more than 300 natural caves. The longest is the Vorontsov cave system, 11,720 meters; excursions are held for tourists, several halls and grottoes are available.

Greatest value for historical research represents the Akhshtyrskaya cave near the village of the same name. Previously, it was even closed as " unique monument primitive architecture", but is currently equipped and open for excursions.

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1983 is considered the year of birth of the Sochi National Park. This is one of the first parks in our country.

The total area of ​​the park is 194 thousand hectares. Thanks to the ideal climate, the rarity of many natural objects and pristine nature, the park has become an ideal place for active recreation and tourism.

Located Sochi Park on the Black Sea slope of the Greater Caucasus, in its northwestern part. The terrain of the park is mainly mountainous and very broken.

There are many rivers and streams flowing throughout the National Park. There are about 40 of them in total. The most long river- Mzytma, followed by Shahe and Psou. Many waterfalls and canyons formed on the rivers. On the Psou River there is the largest waterfall, called Bezymyanny: its height is simply amazing - it’s as much as 72 meters!

On the Sochi River, on its right tributary, where the Bezumenka stream flows into, there is the Orekhovsky waterfall, 33 meters high. The famous karst caves – Vorontsovskaya and Akhunskaya – present an amazing picture.

Winter in the north of the reserve is always warm and mild. The temperature in January never drops below + 5 degrees Celsius. Summer in Sochi Park is hot, with temperatures of + 25 degrees Celsius. And already in the Circassian Pass (2000 m) the temperature is much lower: in winter – 5, in summer +12 degrees Celsius. And all this thanks subtropical climate, which brings a kind of order here.

Nature and animals of Sochi National Park

How can such a corner of the earth, with a wonderful climate, be deprived of flora and fauna? No way! Therefore, the vegetation of the National Park is simply amazing in its diversity. Many plants are represented by rare species that are listed in the Red Book of Russia. Lipsky tulip, Caucasian lily, common fig, and Caucasian kandyk are found here in large numbers.

The Caucasian viper is an inhabitant of Sochi Park.

Only in this park do luxurious trees grow, called sowing chestnuts. They grow in natural conditions and are considered relict species. Eastern beech is very common in forests. This powerful and beautiful tree grows up to 50 meters, and its silver-gray trunks make the forest transparent and light. The slopes are dominated by dense oak plantations. They occupy a quarter of the entire forest area of ​​Sochi Park. The small, glossy, black-green foliage of boxwood gives the forest a whimsical appearance. The fluffy and gray beards of moss that hang from the branches of the trees make the forest a fantastic kingdom.

Brown bear: in Russia you can’t live without it!

The national park is inhabited by a huge number of mammals. These are Caucasian and European roe deer, lynx, deer, and about 70 other species of various animals. There are also rare species of animals that are included in the International Red Book: these are the Caucasian cross, the Caucasian viper, and the Aesculapian snake.

What should tourists and visitors to Sochi Park see?

Many tourist routes will show the beauty, majesty and uniqueness of the Sochi National Park. It is worth looking at the Orekhovsky and Angursky waterfalls, and visiting Mount Akhun.

Sochi National Park is rightfully considered the heritage of our country. At the end of the 19th century, the Sochi forestry was created in the Ekaterinodar department. The total area of ​​state-owned dachas at that time occupied an area of ​​152,379 acres, including 133,256 acres of forested areas.

The created forestry organized measures to protect unique forests, while carrying out sanitary felling. Game managers supervised activities that were aimed at preserving the number of animals, fish and birds, therefore a limited number of permits were issued for the capture of fauna representatives. And here – read about holidays in Dzhemet.

Sochi National Park and its activities

Almost 100 years later, in 1983, the creation of Krasnodar region Sochi National Park. The objectives were set broader than a century ago.

Now the park workers had to not only preserve the natural resources of the park, but also restore and maintain the historical, economic and aesthetic values ​​of these places at the proper level. As well as scientists involved in conservation natural resources, educational work should be carried out, raising the cultural level of the country's population.

Local museums have permanent exhibits to introduce visitors to the history of the park and its riches. Temporary thematic exhibitions are also organized here to develop one or another activity aimed at preserving nature not only in the park, but also on the planet.

Today, the Sochi National Park covers areas near the resort city of Sochi with an area of ​​about 200,000 hectares. Each hectare has its own unique landscape, which is protected. All natural resources parks are taken into account and their conservation is monitored at the level of government agencies.

Landscapes of the park - natural attractions of Sochi

The unique landscape of these places, created by nature itself over many millions of years, surprises and delights. Mountains and the gentle sea, ravines and enchanting forests, rivers and blue cups of lakes, waterfalls and rocky meadows of canyons merge so harmoniously here into a single unique picture. Due to the presence of mountain ranges, the lands of the park are strongly divided into separate landscape areas with different relief.

Many rivers and small streams flow down from the mountains, forming waterfalls, lakes and canyons. The most famous rivers are Psou, Shakhe and Mzymta. But there are also very small mountain streams that park guests come to admire. Orekhovsky waterfall, Bezymianny and many others fascinate and delight in the fact that nature in its wild state continues to exist and decorate the planet.

Flora of the park

Forests containing eastern beech, oaks, and relict European chestnut are everywhere here. Dense forest thickets are decorated with mosses of several species. The picture turns out fabulous and once you find yourself in such a forest, you don’t want to leave this enchanting and bewitching beauty.

Such magnificent forests usually grow on southern slopes Caucasus mountains. The eastern beech reaches a height of 50 m, and the European chestnut grows wild only in these places. Once in the Sochi National Park, you definitely need to see how boxwood grows. These plantings are different unusual beauty and uniqueness.

In addition to these trees, many other species of rare flora grow in the park, for example, purple orchis, Caucasian lily, Caucasian lily, Lipsky tulip.

Living inhabitants of the park

The Sochi National Park is home to species of animals listed in the Red Book. These representatives of the biological world live well here and reproduce, like other animals inhabiting meadows, forests and water bodies region.

There are more than 120 species of birds in the park, and just like representatives of the flora, some are not found anywhere on our vast planet. Brown bears, deer, European roe deer, badgers, lynxes, martens and many others are protected by park workers, creating conditions for normal life and reproduction for the sake of preserving the species.

And rivers and reservoirs are rich in fish, and reptiles, of which zoologists count up to 20 species, thrive on their banks. Unfortunately, some species of animals, birds, and fish are becoming extinct. To maintain these species, park employees organize fundraising events. Volunteers from all over the world come here to help biologists with such difficult work.

Holiday park

The Mzymta River flows through the park, which extreme recreation enthusiasts use for rafting. Ecotourists spend their time hiking along designated routes. And this type of tourism is becoming increasingly popular.

A significant role in the development of tourism, which popularizes interest in wildlife, and hence the call for its protection, is played by the national parks that have been created on the planet. The man who spent the night in the open starry sky in the mountains or on the banks of a river, most likely, will not harm nature and will prevent its pollution to the best of its ability.

Sochi National Park, being an attraction not only Krasnodar region(see), but throughout Russia, invites tourists to explore the unique beauty and have a wonderful time on vacation on mountain trails and horseback riding, fishing or orienteering. Even simple walks through the forests will remain in your memory for a long time.

Sochi National Park was formed by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 214 of May 5, 1983 in order to preserve unique natural complexes Black Sea coast Caucasus, their use for environmental, recreational, educational and scientific purposes.

The national park is located on the territory of Greater Sochi: from the borders with the Tuapse region, between the mouths of the Shepsi and Magri rivers in the northwest to the borders with Abkhazia in the southeast and from the Black Sea coast to the watershed line of the Main Caucasus Range. Most of the park's territory is occupied by mountains, dissected river valleys. The foothill zone occupies a narrow strip along the Black Sea. About 40 rivers and streams of the Black Sea basin flow through the park.

History of the park

To October Revolution Around 1896, Sochi was the center of a large district of the Black Sea province, the borders of which largely coincided with the borders of modern Bolshoi Sochi. In terms of total area, it was an even larger administrative entity than modern city(more than 4000 square versts).
It included part of the territory of modern Abkhazia, the areas of Pilenkovo, Khristoforovo, to Gagra, which were withdrawn from the Sochi region in the late 20s and early 30s.

Sochi forestry was organized in 1870. Initially, it included the territories of the Sochi and partly Velyaminovsky (now Tuapse district) departments of the Black Sea District.
Administratively, it was subordinate to the Department of State Property in Yekaterinodar. The forestry consisted of a department and nine state-owned dachas: Adlerskaya, Muravyovskaya, Aleksandrovskaya, Tsarskaya, Kubanskaya, Golovinskaya, Lazarevskaya, Makopsinskaya and Velyaminovskaya.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the forestry included only five dachas: Golovinskaya (33,940 dessiatines), Kubanskaya (3,236 dessiatines), Tsarskaya (4,220 dessiatines), Adlerskaya (25,797 dessiatines) and Muravyovskaya (85,186 dessiatines). The total area is 152,379 acres. The convenient forest area was 133,256 acres.

By 1915, due to the transition to private ownership and economic development of the coast, the territory of part of the land served by the forestry decreased to 114,745 dessiatines (forest area - 77,612 dessiatines).
The main functions of the forestry were: land surveying of state lands, their description, sale and lease. In addition, the forestry carried out various measures to protect the forest, issued permits for hunting, trapping birds and animals, was engaged in logging and timber sales, supervised the colonization of the entire coast, and organized settlements.

Forestry was a highly profitable institution, and its income was constantly increasing. They arose both from the use of forest resources, and from the leasing of land, fines, own economic activities, and the issuance of various permits.

The forestry also incurred significant expenses for different needs And economic activity. But mainly expenses fell on paying salaries, maintaining the forest guard and the forester’s office. The forestry department was engaged in repairing forest paths, clearing forests, planting seedlings, and uprooting.

In 1907, at the Muravyovskaya Dacha (which included Krasnaya Polyana), selective logging was carried out on 151 acres. For reforestation work, the forestry had its own nursery. Seeds of valuable tree species were collected for him. In 1905 alone, 94? pound of seeds.

At Muravyovskaya dacha the fire was clearly organized forest fires. For this purpose, local residents were involved and bonuses were paid. For example, for extinguishing a fire on October 28-29, 1916 in the forest at Muravyovskaya Dacha, 26 peasants were paid a bonus of 3 rubles each.

The forestry department released part of the forest to the poor for free. In 1905, 0.3 cubic fathoms of forest and 36.4 cubic fathoms of firewood and brushwood were released. The forestry incurred large expenses for the maintenance of the large Khludovsky estate, which contained a large nursery, a garden, and a valuable park.

But in general, at the beginning of the 20th century, almost all of the forestry's expenses came from paying its employees. The number of forestry employees at that time was small compared to the area of ​​forests they served. In 1905, 11 forest guards (hunters) worked in the forestry.
In 1914, the number of guards increased - 12 guards and 3 foresters.

For many years at the beginning of the century, V. Tokarzhevsky-Karashevich served as a Sochi forester. The forester had his own office, and other employees reported to him. All coastal settlements were completely subordinated.
In addition to direct management of the forestry, he resolved issues of land allocation, construction, laying roads, supplying villages, their cleanliness, improvement, and economic development in them. Those. Almost all power was in his hands.

No one could engage in any activity on the lands of the forestry department (and it owned a significant part of the territory of the district) without the permission of the forester. economic activity, resolve any issues.
Before the revolution, foresters and rangers not only protected forest lands, but also carried out survey work. They determined areas where valuable tree species grew, identified mineral springs, and described everything unusual that they encountered in the forest.

The largest timber industry organization in the years Soviet power was the Sochi timber industry, created in 1930.

In 1976, on the basis of Order No. 501 of December 19, 1975 of the Krasnodar Regional Forestry Administration, the Sochi Experimental Forestry Enterprise was renamed the Sochi Experimental Forestry Association of the Krasnodar Regional Forestry Administration.

In 1978, on the basis of order of the Krasnodar Forestry Department No. 9 dated January 5, 1978, the association was disbanded and the Sochi mechanized forestry enterprise continued to function as an independent organization.

Mekhleskhoz existed until 1986.

Since May 1983, on the basis of the Sochi, Adler and Lazarevsky mechanized forestry enterprises, the Sochi State Natural National Park was created (Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR dated May 5, 1983 No. 2146, Order of the Ministry of Forestry dated May 21, 1986 No. 1228 and Krasnodar Forestry Administration dated June 13, 1986 No. 396).
The main objectives of the National Park were: preservation and restoration of natural complexes of special economic, historical and aesthetic value and their use for recreational, educational, scientific and cultural purposes.

Based on the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 9, 1995 No. 990 “On changing the decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation in connection with the adoption of the law “On specially protected natural areas"and also on the basis of the order general director Sochi State Natural National Park dated November 15, 1995 No. 158, the park was renamed Sochi National Park.

Park Arboretum

The Arboretum in Sochi is a green treasury of the Russian subtropics, numbering more than 2000 exotic and rare plants, which were brought to the park from different corners peace. In addition to the flora, the arboretum is proud of the rare animals and birds that live in it, as well as a cable car with impressive views of the mountains and sea that open at the top point of the arboretum.

Gark "Arboretum", founded in 1892 by S.N. Khudekov.

The Sochi Arboretum is a wonderful monument of landscape gardening art, a wonderful recreation area and an object of educational excursions for residents and guests of the resort city of Sochi, which contains more than 1,600 species, forms and varieties of woody plants from different parts of our planet.

In the early 60s of the last century total area The Arboretum has increased to 48 hectares. Ponds with cascades, a rose garden, and geographical sections were created, in which the flora of the Caucasus and the Mediterranean, Northern and South America, East Asia(Japan, China, Himalayas, Far East), Australia and New Zealand. For the convenience of visitors, a cable car began operating in 1978. From a bird's eye view you can clearly see the panorama of the entire park and the city.

The national park is assigned the following main tasks:

a) preservation of natural complexes, unique and standard natural sites and objects;

b) preservation of historical and cultural objects;

c) environmental education of the population; d) creation of conditions for regulated tourism and recreational recreation in natural conditions;

e) development and implementation scientific methods conservation of natural complexes in conditions of recreational use;

f) implementation of environmental monitoring;

g) restoration of damaged natural, historical and cultural complexes and objects;

h) development of scientific, technical, information and cultural cooperation with protected areas Russian Federation And foreign countries, other organizations, enterprises and institutions in accordance with the goals and objectives of the national park;

i) protection, protection and reproduction of forests, based on the principles of sustainable forest management and conservation biological diversity forest ecosystems, improving environmental and resource potential forests of the national park.

Attractions:

In June 1998, the Museum of Nature was created on the basis of the Matsestinsky forestry.

Tourism:

Centers have been created on the basis of Golovinsky, Lazarevsky, Krasnopolyansky and Verkhnee-Sochinsky forest districts environmental education. At the beginning of 2005, there were more than 49 recreational facilities in the national park. 28 excursion routes are open, 10 parking lots are organized.

Sochi National Park was created in 1983 and became one of the first national parks in Russia. On a vast territory in the mountains, the size of which reaches 190 thousand hectares, any production activity. This land was transferred to Russian citizens for recreational and tourism purposes.
Sochi National Park is located in the south of the Krasnodar Territory, north of Sochi, in the foothills of the Greater Caucasus. Most of the park's territory is occupied by mountains, dissected by river valleys. The foothill zone occupies a narrow strip along the Black Sea.
About 40 rivers and streams of the Black Sea basin flow through the territory of the Sochi National Park. Their length is small; only rivers such as Mzymta, Psou and Shakhe are more than 50 kilometers long. On rivers and streams there is large number waterfalls and canyons. Waterfalls are mainly located in the upper reaches of rivers; 103 waterfalls with threshold heights from 2 to 73 meters are available for visiting.
The territory of the park itself is unique, since nowhere in Russia subtropics and highlands coexist so closely. That is why the mountainous Black Sea region is characterized by the most complex spectrum on the territory of our country altitude zones- from the mountains deciduous forests foothills through mountain beech and coniferous forests to subalpine landscapes and highlands with exposed rocks and snow. The territory of the Sochi National Park is classified as the Colchis forest province with a very rich and diverse flora. About 1,500 native species are found in Sochi National Park. higher plants, of which 164 species are classified as trees, shrubs, subshrubs and lianas, and all the rest are classified as herbaceous plants. There are a large number of relict and endemic species. The berry yew, which is often found in the Sochi National Park, is included in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. And 51 species of plants are listed in the Red Book of Russia, including yew berry, Pitsunda pine, 2 types of snowdrops, 3 types of fingerheads, 3 types of ophrys, 9 types of tryshniks, Colchian boxwood, Caucasian lily, Caucasian lyon and others.

Main tourist attractions in Sochi National Park

33 Waterfalls- the Dzhegosh stream is located in the lower reaches of the Shakhe River, 11 km from the mouth and is the right tributary of this river. In the picturesque gorge there are numerous small waterfalls, rapids, and waterfalls, which attract tourists and sightseers with their beauty. There are 33 waterfalls, 7 cataracts and 13 rapids on the Dzhegosh stream. At a distance of 750 m from the mouth, a significant part of the Dzhegosh stream, 500 meters long, is a cascade of many low waterfalls, rapids and chutes. The height of the upper waterfall is 2m, the lower one is 7m. Above the uppermost waterfall there is a spring that supplies water to the Dzhegosh stream.

Vorontsovsky karst complex- The Vorontsovskaya cave system is located on the ridge of the same name near the city of Sochi, 18–20 km from the village of Khosta at an absolute altitude of 419–680 m above sea level. Vorontsovskaya cave is the longest karst cavity in the Krasnodar region and ranks 6th in the classification of the longest caves in Russia. The length of the Vorontsovskaya cave is 11,720 m, the height difference is 240 m. It is located in the upper reaches of the Kudepsta River, 3 km from the village of Vorontsovka, Khostinsky district. The Vorontsov cave system consists of three parts: Vorontsovskaya, Labyrinthovaya and Kabanya, which are connected to each other by siphons - narrow passages filled with water. You can enter these labyrinths through 12 entrances, some of which were known to primitive people. The cave is not only a geological monument. Archaeological excavations discovered material evidence of the cave's occupation primitive man 15-20 thousand years ago. Stone and bone tools, animal bones, and remains of pottery were found. Bones of a cave bear were found in the Bear and Hearth Halls. Near the cave there are interesting statues of guardians, as well as a neo-Buddhist head spewing water.

Eagle's Nest observation deck- Arriving in Lazarevskoye, tourists strive to explore all the beauties of this resort village. And they have great opportunity see them all at once. To do this, they should visit the Eagle’s Nest observation deck, which offers a magnificent panorama of Lazarevsky. The observation deck “Eagle’s Nest” is not called that by chance. On its territory there is a real eagle’s nest, which can also be viewed by everyone. Its size is impressive, it is a huge structure consisting of tree branches and grass.

Agur Gorge- located in the bed of the Agura River in the Khostinsky district of the city, four kilometers from its confluence with the Black Sea. Here, over several hundred meters, there are three waterfalls with a height of 21 m - the upper one, 23 m - the middle one and 30 meters - the lower one. Since Agura feeds only on water that falls to the surface in the form of snow and rain, summer time it often dries up completely, and the waterfalls disappear. Best time visiting this site is in autumn-spring, when powerful rains fill the Agura riverbed. Waterfalls then look menacing and majestic.

The fauna of Sochi National Park includes about 80 species of mammals, about 120 species of birds, 17 species of reptiles, 9 species of amphibians, 21 species of fish. 15 species of animals are included in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, including leopard, corncrake, quail, Caucasian viper, Colchis snake, Colchis toad and others. Of the animal species listed in the Red Book of Russia, 10 species of mammals, 9 species of birds, 4 species of reptiles, 5 species of amphibians, 3 species of annelids, among fish – brown trout and Ukrainian lamprey.
On the territory of the Sochi National Park there is a significant number of karst massifs - Alek, Akhun, Akhtsu, Akhshtyr, Dzykhra. On these massifs there are about 200 caves, of which 50 caves are the largest karst cavities, of interest for scientific purposes and for caving tourism. The longest karst cavities in the country include the famous Vorontsovskaya cave on the Akhtsu massif, 12 kilometers long, and the Nazarovskaya cave on the Alek massif, 7 kilometers long. On the territory of the Sochi National Park there are 114 historical and cultural monuments - these are sites of ancient people, settlements, dolmen structures, well-shaped tombs, remains of fortresses, temples, burial mounds, sacrificial stones, obelisks and military monuments.
The priority area of ​​the park’s work is related to environmental education. For this purpose, environmental education centers with small museum exhibitions have been created on the territory of Verkhnee-Sochinsky, Golovinsky, Krasnopolyansky and Lazarevsky forest districts.
After the creation of the Sochi National Park, its employees laid forest roads here, landscaped paths and bridges, and opened 50 natural sites to guests. These were unique canyons, waterfalls, caves, dolmens, and forest parks. And the guests did not keep themselves waiting - they flocked to excursions to the Sochi National Park as part of numerous excursion groups.