Why did Ignatich’s soul feel bad? Reflections on the role of man on earth, on eternal spiritual values ​​in the story B

Read the proposed text from Astafiev’s work “The Fish Tsar”, think about its meaning.

The writer addresses important issues human existence - to the mutual connection between man and nature. In the pictured tragic situation Astafiev is looking for the key to explaining the moral virtues and moral vices of a person; through the attitude to nature, the spiritual value and consistency of this person is checked.

By what artistic means does the writer convey his attitude towards the natural world?

The genre of "The King of Fish" is "narration in stories." One of the leading artistic means conveying one's attitude to the natural world is the use of associations between man and nature. In all the stories in the cycle, the author sees man through nature, and nature through man. To do this, a wide variety of metaphors and comparisons are used. Here is one such comparison: “Both the fish and the man grew weaker and bled. Human blood does not coagulate well. cold water. What kind of blood does a fish have? Also red. Fishy. Cold. And there is little of it in fish. Why does she need blood? She lives in the water. She has no need to warm up. It is he, the man, who needs warmth; he lives on earth. So why did their paths cross? The king of the river and the king of all nature - in one trap, in the cold autumn water."

Astafiev considers the relationship between man and nature as related, the relationship between mother and child, and thereby achieves the idea of ​​unity, the understanding that man is a part, a child of nature. At critical moments, nature helps a person to realize his sins, even very old ones. Even when the most careful and decent of the poachers, Ignatyich, was pulled into the water giant fish and turned into a prisoner of his own prey, he remembers his past crimes and perceives what happened to him as punishment: “The hour of the cross has struck, it’s time to account for your sins...”

Analyze Ignatyich's thoughts. What does he regret and why?

At the moment of being between life and death, Ignatyich thinks about what he has lived, analyzes it, and feels the losses most acutely spiritual origin, which occurred due to the constant pursuit of profit. Because of her, “man was forgotten in man! Greed overwhelmed him!” Ignatyich thinks bitterly about a childhood that never happened. During class I thought about fishing. I spent only four painful winters at school, Ignatyich regrets that after school he didn’t even look at the library and didn’t take care of his children. They wanted to nominate him as a deputy, but they rejected him because he fishes quietly, all the time in pursuit of profit. They didn’t save a beautiful girl from bandits because they were out fishing themselves. His conscience became sharper at a critical moment, when he found himself on the brink of an abyss.

Why did Ignatyich’s soul feel better when the king fish was freed? Why does he promise not to tell anyone anything about her?

It’s easier because death has retreated. The body felt better because it was no longer being pulled down. “And the soul - from some kind of liberation not yet comprehended by the mind.” Perhaps there was hope to fix something in your life. Perhaps Ignatyich was glad that this magical king-fish remained alive, seriously wounded, but furious and untamed.

It was a cruel, but instructive meeting for Ignatyich with one of the greatest secrets of nature. And he decided not to tell anyone about the king fish, so as not to arouse the interest of poachers in it. "Live as long as you can!"

The author's narration in this passage often merges with the thoughts of the hero, Ignatyich. Sometimes it is difficult to separate the words of Astafiev himself from the reflections of the hero who is gaining insight, realizing the meaning of life and responsibility for what he has done. The ability to capture and convey is amazing the finest shades movements of nature (“Silence! Such silence that you can hear your own soul, huddled into a ball”). Sometimes the story takes on a fantastic character. It should also be noted in the narrative the presence of elements colloquial speech, dialogical structure in the internal monologues of the author and his hero.

Works that are in one way or another related to the theme of the village are usually called “village prose.” Books of very different genres have been written about the village: stories by V. Astafiev and V. Rasputin, the socio-epic trilogy of F. Abramov, moral and educational novels by V. Mozhaev, stories by V. Belov and V. Shukshin. What place does the work of V. Astafiev and, in particular, his story “The Tsar Fish” occupy in the literature about the village?

Victor Astafiev is a talented master, knowledgeable of nature, requiring careful attitude to her. From his first steps in the literary field, the writer sought to solve important problems of his time, find ways to improve personality, and awaken a sense of compassion in his readers. In 1976, his work “The Fish King” appeared, with the subtitle “narration in stories.” It takes a fresh look at the constant motifs in Astafiev’s work. The theme of nature acquired a philosophical resonance and began to be perceived as an environmental theme. The idea of ​​Russian national character, which the writer addressed in the stories “The Last Clone” and “Ode to the Russian Vegetable Garden”, also sounds on the pages of the story “The Tsar Fish”.

The work includes twelve stories. The plot of the story is connected with the journey of the author, the lyrical hero, to his native places - Siberia. The end-to-end image of the author, his thoughts and memories, lyrical and philosophical generalizations, appeals to the reader unite individual episodes and scenes, characters and situations into a complete artistic narrative. The basis of "The King Fish" is made up of stories about fishing and hunting, written in different times. But, as the author himself admits, the narrative began to take shape as a coherent work only after writing the short story “The Drop”: “I started with the chapter “The Drop”, and it led to a philosophical understanding of all the material, leading the rest of the chapters with it. My friends encouraged me to name " "Tsar Fish" as a novel... If I were writing a novel, I would write more harmoniously, but I would have to give up what is most precious, what is commonly called journalism, free speeches, which in this form of storytelling do not seem to look like digressions." . Each individual story is perceived in its immediate, specific content, but in the narrative system they all acquire additional meaning, and also unfold before the reader a gallery of folk types and characters. "The King Fish" opens with the story "Boye". In this story there is a story reminiscent of a parable about Nikolai's hunt for an arctic fox. Nikolai and his partner Arkhip, under the leadership of the “elder” who went through war and prison, agreed to hunt arctic fox in Taimyr, in the remote winter quarters. If successful, this promised big money. However, a pestilence began in the taiga, the arctic fox left, and the hunt failed. People had a choice: to leave and make their way for a long time with their luggage off-road, or to stay for the winter. In the case of such a winter in a deserted region, you need to be able to maintain a human appearance: not to go crazy, not to kill each other, not to go wild from idleness and cold. All of the above happened, but people remained alive. This winter taught them a lot and made them think about a lot. It is interesting that the author does not impose his conclusions on the reader, he simply tells, but he tells so masterfully that he touches the most intimate strings human soul. Also from this story we learn about the facts of Astafiev’s biography: about a difficult childhood, about a dissolute father, about a stepmother unbridled in anger, about an unsettled relationship with his father’s second family. The restrained manner of narration evokes respect, but one can also discern bitterness, hidden childhood resentment, pity for the unlucky father, an ironic attitude towards oneself and brother Kolka, and sadness for a lost youth. The central chapter of the story is the chapter of the same name - “The Fish King”, in which the motives of the role of man on earth and eternal spiritual values ​​are heard. The main character of "Tsarryba" is Ignatyich, "an intellectual from the people." What is popular about it? Ignatyich is a native Siberian, the best representative of the Siberian national character: “Everywhere and everywhere he got by on his own, but he himself is always ready to help people,” he is a good worker, a strong owner, but not a greedy person or a penny-pincher; neat, clean; the best mechanic in his area and the best fisherman. But all his life the soul of this person is fraught with sin; he seems to be waiting for retribution for it. In his youth, Ignatyich mocked Glashka Kukhlina and humiliated her out of false pride. Only he and Glasha know about this act. Everyone has had their own family for a long time, but this act torments Ignatyich, he understands that “no crime passes without a trace,” he tries to ask her for forgiveness, but she replies that may God forgive him, but she does not have the strength to do so. So Ignatyich lives with this guilt, “hoping through humility, helpfulness... to overcome the guilt, to beg for forgiveness.”

However, in understanding the character of the main character, the incident with the fish plays the most important role. One day Ignatyich caught a huge sturgeon, but could not get it out. “You can’t miss such a sturgeon. The Tsar Fish comes across once in a lifetime, and even then not every Yakov.” This fish was truly amazing. “There was something rare, primitive not only in the size of the fish, but also in the shape of its body,” the fish looked like “a prehistoric lizard.” Trying to pull out the sturgeon, the fisherman fell overboard, the fish began to fight and stuck many hooks into itself and the catcher. “Both the fish and the man were weakening, bleeding,” “the same painful death was guarding them.” Ignatyich fought for his life, losing consciousness, and the fish kept clinging to him, pushing him to the bottom. The hero realized that “the time has come to account for his sins,” and half-forgotten asked Glasha for forgiveness. He was saved by chance: a wave from a passing boat helped the fish fall off the hooks. “And he felt better. The body - because the fish was not pulling down... the soul - from some kind of liberation that had not yet been comprehended by the mind.”

In Ignatich's fight with the sturgeon, the king fish personifies nature, and Ignatich represents man. Moreover, a person’s character is tested for strength in extreme conditions, in which he himself becomes the prey instead of a hunter. In a duel with the king fish, the hero comprehends the truth: the meaning human life not in the accumulation of wealth, but in the fact that one must always remain human and not go against one’s conscience. At the very root of the word "nature" lies deep meaning: this is what gives birth, what gives life. Nature - noun feminine, and her personification in the book - the king fish - too. During the fight, she protects her belly, filled with caviar, which symbolizes the continuation of life. In such situations, a person begins to feel the mystery of what is happening, Ignatyich remembers his life, his grandfather, who taught the young: “If there is a grave sin in your soul, do not get involved with the king fish.” And so Ignatyich reports to his conscience for his sins, especially for the one that he considers the most difficult. His mood changes: from the joy of owning a fish - to hatred and disgust for it, then - to the desire to get rid of it. In the face of death, he reconsiders his life, confesses to himself and repents, thereby removing the grave sin from his soul. The active work of the soul and complete moral rebirth save Ignatyich from death. I believe that the pathos of the entire book “The King Fish” is in admiration for the beauty of our land, in denouncing those who destroy this beauty. Protection of nature, protection of the human in man is the main idea that runs through Astafiev’s entire work, and it is associated with the high humanistic traditions of Russian classical literature. Therefore, V. Astafiev’s work teaches us, readers, real lessons of kindness, humanity, love for native land and people.

1. Read the proposed text from Astafiev’s work “The Fish Tsar”, think about its meaning.

The writer addresses important problems of human existence - the mutual connection between man and nature. In the depicted tragic situation, Astafiev is looking for the key to explaining the moral virtues and moral vices of a person; through the attitude to nature, the spiritual value and consistency of this person is checked.

2. By what artistic means does the writer convey his attitude towards the natural world?

The genre of “The King of Fishes” is “narration within stories.” One of the leading artistic means of conveying one’s attitude towards the natural world is the use of associations between man and nature. In all the stories in the cycle, the author sees man through nature, and nature through man. To do this, a wide variety of metaphors and comparisons are used. Here is one of these comparisons: “Both the fish and the man grew weaker and bled. Human blood does not clot well in cold water. What kind of blood does a fish have? It's the same red. Fishy. Cold. And there is little of it in fish. Why does she need blood? She lives in Vo-de. She has no need to warm up. It is he, the man, who needs warmth, he lives on earth. So why did their paths cross? The king of the river and the king of all nature - in one trap, in the cold autumn water.”

Astafiev considers the relationship between man and nature as related, the relationship between mother and child, and thereby achieves the idea of ​​unity, the understanding that man is a part, a child of nature. At critical moments, nature helps a person to realize his sins, even very old ones. Even when the most careful and decent of the poachers, Ignatich, was pulled into the water by a giant fish and turned into a prisoner of his own prey, he remembers his past crimes and perceives what happened to him as punishment: “The hour of the cross has struck , it’s time to account for your sins..."

3. Analyze Ignatyich's thoughts. What does he regret and why?

At the moment of being between life and death, Ignatyich thinks about what he has lived, analyzes it, and most acutely feels the loss of spirituality that occurred due to the constant pursuit of profit. Because of her, “the human being was forgotten!” He was overwhelmed by greed!” Ignatyich thinks bitterly about a childhood that never happened. During class I thought about fishing. I spent only four painful winters at school, Ignatyich regrets that after school he didn’t even look at the library and didn’t take care of his children. They wanted to nominate him as deputy, but they rejected him because he fishes quietly, all the time in pursuit of profit. They didn’t save a beautiful girl from bandits because they were out fishing themselves. His conscience became sharper at a critical moment, when he found himself on the brink of an abyss.

4. Why did Ignatyich’s soul feel better when the king fish was freed? Why does he promise not to tell anyone anything about her?

It’s easier because death has retreated. Te-lu felt better because he was no longer being pulled down. “And the soul - from some kind of liberation that has not yet been comprehended by the mind.” Perhaps there was hope to fix something in your life. Perhaps Ignatich was glad that this magical king-fish remained alive, seriously wounded, but furious and untamed. Material from the site

It was a cruel, but instructive meeting for Ignatyich with one of the greatest secrets of nature. And he decided not to tell anyone about the king fish, so as not to arouse the interest of poachers in it. “Live as long as you can!”

5. What features of the author's narrative did you notice?

The author's narration in this passage often merges with the thoughts of the hero, Ignatyich. Sometimes it is difficult to separate the words of Astafiev himself from the reflections of the maturing hero, aware of the meaning of life and responsibility for what he has done. The ability to capture and convey the subtlest shades of the movements of nature is amazing (“Quiet! Such silence that you can hear your own soul, huddled into a ball”). Sometimes the story takes on a fairy-tale character. It should also be noted in the narrative the presence of elements of colloquial speech, a dialogic structure in the internal monologues of the author and his hero.

Roman Ignatievich, sighing heavily, moved away from the dusty window. Another gray day, the appearance of which he saw through the glass, was not conducive to joyful thoughts. Looking from under his brows with a heavy old man's gaze at the small, untidy room, he took a pack of Belomor from the table, in which there were only two cigarettes left, and returned to the window.
Opening the window, Ignatyich, as his neighbors called him, crushed the cigarette holder with his usual movement and lit a cigarette. Strong, acrid smoke entered his lungs, and the old man began to cough. “Again,” he thought, looking unfriendly at the smoke rising upward, “But Nyurka the deceased warned...” Yes, the doctors and Ignatyich’s wife, Anna Fedorovna, who died a year and a half ago, strictly forbade him to smoke, but... What could he do? ?
When Ignatyich began to think about how and what he lives in lately, he did not find any other name for the surrounding environment other than “emptiness.” Emptiness reigned in everything: his wife, the only person in life, without whom he could not do without, died;
There is a daughter, Svetlana, but she has her own family and she doesn’t care about her old father’s grumbling, his illnesses and eternal dissatisfaction with what is happening. It was only enough to call Ignatyich on his birthday, and maybe even on New Year. Father and daughter met last time at the funeral of Anna Fedorovna.
Ignatyich did not know whether he and his wife raised their daughter this way, or her husband, a man who considered himself a member of " high society“did not approve of Svetlana’s meeting with two impoverished old men, but one way or another, Ignatyich extremely rarely communicated with his daughter.
At times, his soul was warmed by the understanding that, in general, everything was fine with his daughter, everything was fine, that she did not need anything. He recalled how two or three years ago, he and his wife were visiting Svetlana. Ignatyich, a simple Russian hard worker, was struck by the environment in which his daughter lives: a luxurious four-room apartment, a luxurious foreign car, insanely expensive furniture...
Ignatyich took another drag on his cigarette, but the cough became unbearable and he threw it out the window. Shuffling with his slippers, he walked over to the nightstand, which had peeled off from time to time, and turned on the old Record, which had seen a lot in its lifetime. About five minutes later, a picture appeared on the screen that had been warming up for a long time - a concert was being shown on TV. Some wildly painted girl, in a skirt that barely covered her stomach, twitching her thin legs, tried very unmusically to convey to the audience how much she loved someone. Ignatyich sympathized with the object of this “singer’s” passion, but then he became disgusted to look at such squalor, and he turned off the TV, forcing the girl to shut up.
After thinking for a while, he went into the kitchen, sat down on a chair and took yesterday’s Izvestia from the table. According to an old, long-standing habit, Ignatyich began reading the newspaper from the editorial, but, realizing that for some reason he was no longer at all worried about “further escalating tension in relations between the government and parliament,” he put the newspaper aside. There was absolutely nothing to do.
Ignatyich became even more sad because he was sitting and didn’t know what to do. He was never a slacker. All his life he worked honestly to get an apartment, to put his daughter on her feet, to have something to leave for his grandchildren. Yes, he has an apartment, and his daughter is doing well, but what about him? His own legs are gradually giving out, he is forbidden to smoke, and has nothing to do. Such a life was unbearable for Ignatyich. He wanted to call one of his old friends, but remembered that Seryozha - who always started them - was now at the dacha with the children, Petka was in the hospital, and Kolka... Kolka was at the cemetery.
And then Ignatyich made up his mind. Having rummaged in his pockets, he took out the last money (nothing, the day after tomorrow - pension), leisurely got dressed and left the house.

On the street, some young guys, laughing and occasionally quarreling, were busy repairing a beautiful car that, for some reason, was standing on the lawn near his house. Little neighbor girls were cheerfully jumping rope, and their peers were kicking a ball around on the playground. Even on such a gloomy day, this whole picture was bright, cheerful and cheerful. Ignatyich, in his dirty gray out-of-season coat and wrinkled brown trousers, like a gloomy ghost, slipped past the bustle that reigned around and left the yard.
Where he went, three or four years ago there was always a noisy crowd, arguments in lines, and sometimes fights. And even now the freshly painted “WINE” sign didn’t really harmonize with what was going on underneath it: five or six homeless people, a couple of lonely old people like Ignatyich, and a bunch of half-drunk teenagers half-sitting and half-standing at the door with peeled paint. As soon as he approached the store, two seemingly not entirely sober men jumped up to him and uttered what had apparently already become a routine phrase for them: “Well, what? Shall we take it for three?” Ignatyich nodded silently.
“Give me the money, father,” said one of them, a young, thin guy without two front teeth and with hair that had not been washed for a long time, “Now, I’ll do it in a jiffy.”
A couple of minutes later he returned, holding a half-liter bottle of vodka in his hand.
“Let’s go somewhere,” the guy suggested, “we can’t do it here...
About fifty meters from the store there was a small park - favorite place local drunks. Having difficulty keeping up with his younger companions, Ignatyich hobbled there and sat down on a bench, trying to catch his breath.
“One moment,” breathed the second of the “companions,” a hefty man, about fifty years old, with an obscenely red face, and pulled out from somewhere from the depths of his immense jacket three plastic cups, “Pour it,” he nodded to the “thin one.”
“Well, for getting to know each other,” the guy hastily replied, handing out filled glasses to everyone, after which he immediately drained his own.
“For making the acquaintance,” Ignatyich nodded, agreeing, and, slowly, drank.
After the new “friends” drank the second glass, they suddenly discovered that the bottle was empty.
- Shall we continue? - the “thin” one, who of all three showed the greatest activity in this matter, asked recklessly.
“Let’s continue,” Ignatyich confirmed and, anticipating the next phrase of the “bad man,” he reached into his pocket for the money.
“The red-faced one” also took out a couple of crumpled pieces of paper and gave them to the “thin one,” who, swaying slightly, ran back to the store.

When he returned, weaned from vodka, and therefore fairly drunk, Ignatyich managed to briefly explain to the “red-faced” man, whose name was Volodya, about all his troubles.
“Your daughter is a bitch,” Volodya sighed, “and her husband…” he cursed briefly.
“Don’t say that,” Ignatyich asked piteously in a half-drunk voice, “this is my fault too.”
“Well, as you wish,” Volodya did not argue and turned to the “thin one.” - Did you bring it?
“Of course,” he put another bottle on the bench. - Open up!
After the “thin” one, who called himself Dima, ran for the third bottle, and it was uncorked, the new acquaintances began to calm down the emotional Ignatyich. He listened to them, already having difficulty understanding what they were talking about. He didn't hear their words. A completely different thought was spinning in his head: “Why? Why did I find more understanding and support from these, in general, degenerate people than from own daughter? What did I do wrong?” But the old man had no answer.
Dusk began to deepen and Dima, suddenly remembering that someone was waiting for him, walked away with an uncertain but fairly fast gait, having first said a heartfelt goodbye to his drinking companions. Volodya still sat on the bench for some time, holding the drunken Ignatyich by the shoulders, but then he, looking at his watch, apologized to the old man and also left. Ignatyich was left alone again. He didn't think about anything anymore.
He was sitting with eyes closed, trying not to fall over on his side, when suddenly, unexpectedly, like an unclear, blurry picture, his whole life flashed before his eyes. Hungry, cold, dirty childhood years, when he spent the night as a homeless child in doorways and under burning boilers. The war, where he volunteered, and where he was seriously wounded. The birth of his daughter, his wife’s funeral, his current small dusty apartment... “What have you done in your life? What have you come to? What have you achieved?”
Suddenly, from this oppressive melancholy, and perhaps from the vodka he drank too, Ignatyich’s heart ached. At first he was pinched, and then, unexpectedly, a sharp, terrible pain pierced through the entire old man’s body. Grabbing the left side of his chest, he fell off the bench and, for some reason, began to crawl onto the lawn and into the bushes. He felt nothing but pain.
A couple in love passing by looked with bewilderment at the crouched, dirty old man and, deciding that he was just very drunk, turned away and disappeared from view.
Ignatyich stopped feeling pain. He lay with his face buried in the grass, and from its smell it began to seem to his fading mind that his daughter was running along this grass towards the old man, only for some reason she was very small. She called him, stretched out her hands to him, called him to her... Ignatyich reached out to her, rising on his elbows, but his old, sick heart could not stand it, his arms gave way, and he fell on the grass again. His smoky lungs exhaled for the last time and his breathing stopped.

The next morning, some homeless man, making his way between the bushes in search of empty bottles, came across the lifeless body of Ignatyich.
- Hey, buddy! - he said. - It's time to get up!
But the old man could no longer answer him. Grunting indifferently, the homeless man continued his search.
When in the evening he passed by again and saw that Ignatyich was lying in the same place where he was, after some thought, he finally realized that the old man was dead. Looking around, he hastily searched the pockets of the dead man’s clothes, but found nothing and, spitting, considered it best to leave as quickly as possible.
A couple of hours later, Ignatyich’s body was discovered and taken to the morgue. The search for relatives did not lead to anything and “an unknown man, apparently about seventy years old, with no signs of violent death” was burned at state expense.

Six months passed and Roman Ignatievich’s birthday arrived. Svetlana dialed his phone number, but no one, of course, answered. “Probably met with friends. Celebrating,” she thought and hung up. “Okay, he’ll call back.”

Test on the work of V. Astfiev “The Tsar is a Fish” 11th grade

(written)

1. What problem did Astafyev touch upon in his work “The Fish Tsar”?
2. By what artistic means does the writer convey his attitude towards the natural world? Give examples.
3. Describe Ignatyich’s thoughts. What does he regret and why?
4. Why did Ignatyich’s soul feel better when the king fish was freed? Why did he decide not to tell anyone about her? Give an example.
5. What features of the author's narrative did you notice?

Reply orally:

2. What does V. Astafiev say about poachers? Who is called a poacher?

Why did you pay so much attention to them?

4.What is Ignatyich’s main fault?

5.What can you say about the idea of ​​the work?

V. Astfiev “The Tsar is a Fish”

What can you say about the idea of ​​the work?

Interfering with the life of nature, grossly violating ecological environment, a person commits a moral crime. He who is merciless to nature is merciless to all living things, and therefore to himself. In the symbolic picture of the combat between man and nature, there can be no victory on either side, since man and nature are “tied by one mortal end”

It pains Astafiev to watch how his fellow countrymen transgressed the ancient commandment and decided to engage in predatory, brutal fishing. He does not judge the heroes, but cares about their mental healing, speaks from the positions of goodness, humanity, and against the barbaric position

The novel "The Tsar Fish" is the most major work Astafieva. Nature and man are presented here as something inseparable. This is a reflection on nature, which is life, heaven, earth; this is pain on earth, by nature. A person’s relationship to nature is already the person himself, his soul, character, philosophy. The writer paints man and nature together. The heroes of the book live a difficult life, and the nature surrounding them is harsh. It is here, in this test, that people are divided into those for whom she still remains a beloved mother, and others for whom she is no longer a mother. but something from which you need to take more.

Our focus is on the story “The King is a Fish.” He gave the name to the entire collection, becoming the focus of all the philosophical and moral thoughts of the author.

Where does the action take place?

Who main character story?

What was Ignatyich's job?

Why is everyone calling the main character Ignatyich?

How does he stand out among his fellow villagers?

How do the Chushens treat Ignatyich?

Why can’t he improve his relationship with his brother?

1. Read the proposed text from Astafiev’s work “The Fish Tsar”, think about its meaning.

The writer addresses important problems of human existence - the mutual connection between man and nature. In the depicted tragic situation, Astafiev is looking for the key to explaining the moral virtues and moral vices of an individual; through the attitude to nature, the spiritual value and consistency of this individual is tested.

1. By what artistic means does the writer convey his attitude towards the natural world?

The genre of “The King of Fishes” is “narration in stories.” One of the leading artistic means of conveying one’s attitude towards the natural world is the use of associations between man and nature. In all the stories in the cycle, the author sees man through nature, and nature through man. To do this, a wide variety of metaphors and comparisons are used. Here is one such comparison: “Both the fish and the man grew weaker and bled. Human blood does not clot well in cold water. What kind of blood does a fish have? Also red. Fishy. Cold. And there is little of it in fish. Why does she need blood? She lives in the water. She has no need to warm up. It is he, the man, who needs warmth; he lives on earth. So why did their paths cross? The king of the river and the king of all nature are in one trap, in the cold autumn water.”

Astafiev considers the relationship between man and nature as related, the relationship between mother and child, and thereby achieves the idea of ​​unity, the understanding that man is a part, a child of nature. At critical moments, nature helps a person to realize his sins, even very old ones. Even when the most careful and decent of the poachers, Ignatyich, was pulled into the water by a giant fish and turned into a prisoner of his own prey, he remembers his past crimes and perceives what happened to him as punishment: “The hour of the cross has struck, it’s time to account for your sins...”

1. Analyze Ignatyich's thoughts. What does he regret and why?

At the moment of being between life and death, Ignatyich thinks about what he has lived, analyzes it, and most acutely feels the loss of spirituality that occurred due to the constant pursuit of profit. Because of her, “man was forgotten in man!” He was overwhelmed by greed!” Ignatyich thinks bitterly about a childhood that never happened. During class I thought about fishing. I spent only four painful winters at school, Ignatyich regrets that after school he didn’t even look at the library and didn’t take care of his children. They wanted to nominate him as a deputy, but they rejected him because he fishes quietly, all the time in pursuit of profit. They didn’t save a beautiful girl from bandits because they were out fishing themselves. His conscience became sharper at a critical moment, when he found himself on the brink of an abyss.

1. Why did Ignatyich’s soul feel better when the king fish was freed? Why does he promise not to tell anyone anything about her?

It’s easier because death has retreated. The body felt better because it was no longer being pulled down. “And the soul - from some kind of liberation not yet comprehended by the mind.” Perhaps there was hope to fix something in your life. Perhaps Ignatyich was glad that this magical king-fish remained alive, seriously wounded, but furious and untamed. Material from the sitehttp://iEssay.ru

It was a cruel, but instructive meeting for Ignatyich with one of the greatest secrets of nature. And he decided not to tell anyone about the king fish, so as not to arouse the interest of poachers in it. “Live as long as you can!”

1. What features of the author's narrative did you notice? 2.

The author's narration in this passage often merges with the thoughts of the hero, Ignatyich. Sometimes it is difficult to separate the words of Astafiev himself from the reflections of the hero who is gaining insight, realizing the meaning of life and responsibility for what he has done. The ability to capture and convey the subtlest shades of the movements of nature is amazing (“Silence! Such silence that you can hear your own soul, huddled into a ball”). Sometimes the story takes on a fantastic character. It should also be noted in the narrative the presence of elements of colloquial speech, a dialogical structure in the internal monologues of the author and his hero.

The story “The King Fish” raises a very complex and important psychological question, which is the relationship between the individual and society. Ignatyich plays the role of the first, and the inhabitants of his native village of Chush play the second.

Ignatyich is a jack of all trades, ready to help anyone and demanding nothing for it, a good owner, a skilled mechanic, and a true fisherman. But this is not the main thing about it.The main thing in Ignatyich- this is his attitude towards the rest of the Chushans with a certain degree of condescension and superiority. It is this condescension and superiority, although not shown by him, that creates the gulf between them. From the outside it looks as if Ignatyich is one step higher than his fellow countrymen.
As the author himself talks about Ignatyich: “He was from here by birth - a Siberian, and by nature he was accustomed to honor the “optchestvo”,respect him, don’t irritate him,However, don’t break your hat too much, or, as they explain here, don’t let the ax drop on your feet.”

This is exactly one sentenceand contains the whole meaning of the story. You need to understand Ignatyich’s character consistently. In no case do strict, unambiguous labels of a “negative” or “positive” hero apply to him.
And so, the first thought when reading the story is “Ignatich’s character is very contradictory.” Yes, this is true, but this is easily explained by his independence. Yes, exactly independence. Ignatyich, simply Zinka in childhood, grew up relying only on himself. He did not want to ask for help from others, believing that he could achieve everything himself. ANDhe really did it all on his own,but only while growing up did he become so alienated from the society in which he lived that,having achieved everything, he remained on his own.
In my opinion, while he was growing up like this, his own little world with its own orders and laws formed in his soul. Plus, helping other peopleseemingly disinterested, Ignatyich actually developed in them special treatment to your personality. At first it was not noticeable, but as soon as Ignatyich confidently stood on his feet, he declared his position in society. Most likely, he thought like this: "I do everything you needand as it should be, but I also don’t take anything for it, so don’t touch me and don’t teach me how to live.” All this was aggravated by the habit of silent communication acquired by Ignatyich, the one that so repelled people from him.
Having risen to his feet, Ignatyich involuntarily stands above the society he has been helping all the time. This is explained by the fact that everyone most likely owes him something, since at one time he helped them in some way. This explains some psychological terror Ignatyich, consisting of clean clothes, good home, brilliant fishing skills. He subjects the entire village to this pressure. That is, in fact, the definition given by the author himself of the relationship between the “optists” and Ignatyich is refuted. In fact, he does not respect him, does not take him into account and constantly irritates him with his behavior.
Having shown this, making it clear to the reader: who Ignatyich really is, the author begins to carry out punishment for his hero. This punishment appeared to him in the form of the king fish, from which he learned a lot from his grandfather the fisherman. Relying, as always, only on his own strength, this time Ignatyich paid severely. This rash decision almost cost him his life. But while he was in the water with this fish, it seems to me that he changed a lot. The whole point is that for the first time he truly asked everyone for forgiveness, almost unable to control his mouth, but still hoping that at least someone would hear him. And only after asking for forgiveness, he felt in his soul some kind of special liberation, not yet comprehended by his mind.
Only now, in my opinion, does it begin real life fisherman Ignatyich, and not the pitiful resemblance to which he led before meeting the king fish.

Viktor Petrovich Astafiev (1924-2002) passed away quite recently.People like himcalled the conscience of the nation. Receptivity and sensitivity to people, rage when meeting evil, extreme honesty and the ability to see the world in a new way, strict demands on oneself and

Sentimentality is just some of the traits of his extraordinary personality.

In the “narration in the cycle of stories “The King Fish” (1976), the author talks about the need for urgency of a “return to nature” V.P. Astafiev is interested in the connection between man and nature in the moral and philosophical aspect. The attitude towards nature acts as a test of the spiritual viability of an individual.

II. Work on the content of the story.

Summary of the story “The King Fish”

The poacher Ignatyich caught a huge sturgeon fish on the Yenisei, but while trying to transfer it into the boat, he himself fell into the water and got caught in the hooks of the samolov. So the man found himself trapped along with his victim. Exhausted, entangled in the hooks of his own traps, tied by one fatal chain to the king fish, the hero eventually repented of his sins and abandoned the prey. At the end the fish is released and leaves.

“Man is part of nature,” man and nature are one whole.”

(Poaching is a terrible evil. The author shows the poacher Ignatyich. Which has its own little piece of human love, human dignity, but all this is suppressed by limitless predation, which has turned into the desire to snatch an extra piece).

What is the point of showing the fate of this hero?

(the meaning is that a person who does evil and finds justification for himself admits the existence of evil everywhere).

What is Ignatyich’s main fault? (This is an abuse of the girl who loved him. It turns out that once you start doing evil, it is almost impossible to stop. The killer of the Commander’s daughter is Ignatyich’s spiritual double. The circles of cruelty are spreading widely and mercilessly).

(Astafiev condemns poaching as a multifaceted evil and terrible in its destructive power, and the writer is talking not only about the destruction of living and inanimate nature outside of us, speaks of a kind of suicide, of the destruction of nature within man, human nature).

What causes the author’s openly hostile attitude towards people like Goga and poachers? 1.

(This is lack of spirituality. Lack of spirituality not in the sense of a lack of cultural interests, but in the sense of a refusal to recognize the moral laws that unite people and nature, a lack of responsibility for everything that is not “I”).

VI. Discussion of ideological content.

(It is painful for Astafiev to watch how his fellow countrymen transgressed the ancient commandment and decided to engage in robbery and brutal fishing. He does not judge the heroes, but cares about their mental healing, speaks from the position of goodness, humanity, against the barbaric position).

What can you say about the idea of ​​the work?

(By interfering with the life of nature, grossly violating the ecological environment, a person commits a moral crime. He who is merciless to nature is merciless to all living things, and therefore to himself. In the symbolic picture of the combat between man and nature, there can be no victory on either side, since man and nature are “tied by one mortal end”)

The harmony of relationships can only be preserved thanks to the spiritual and historical experience of previous generations. Astafiev’s man does not triumph, proving his superiority, but begging for salvation from the fish. We can agree that people act against the laws of nature, but they obey the laws of nature.

The world for V.P. Astafiev is the world of people and nature, abiding in the eternal. An inextricable and contradictory unity, the violation of which threatens degeneration and death. His faith is great in the triumph of good, in the fact that each of us can know ourselves as humans.