What is the highest temperature on earth. Temperature minimums and maximums on earth

Recently, scientists working in Antarctica recorded a temperature record - the lowest temperature for the entire period of meteorological observations.

The new record was minus 91.2 degrees. The previous record stood for thirty years. In 1983, meteorologists recorded a temperature of minus 89.2 degrees in Antarctica. It should be noted that the 1983 record was recorded by Soviet researchers in Antarctica at the Vostok station.

The latest record set by nature was certified by Japanese polar explorers at the Fuji Dome station and was confirmed by satellite data. Antarctica fully lives up to the name “Pole of Cold” - the coldest part of the Earth.

The North Pole in this regard is significantly inferior to the South Pole; there the temperature minimum reached only about minus 70 degrees.

The fact of the temperature record is somewhat out of the theory global warming land. While the northern hemisphere experiences extreme heat, the southern hemisphere may suffer from extreme cold. Scientists do not deny this fact.

Temperature record also thwarted the plans of one of the heirs to the British crown, Prince Harry, to reach on foot South Pole. Because of weather conditions the prince and his companions were forced to cancel the event. The prince was preparing to travel to freezer with a temperature of minus 35 degrees, and here it’s minus ninety. They didn’t take risks with someone of royal blood.

The weather is changing again, and here's a look at some of the insanely cold places where people actually live.

The lowest ever recorded was minus 128.6 degrees Fahrenheit (-89.2°C) at a Russian research station in Antarctica, Vostok, on July 21, 1983. While most cities aren't as terribly cold, some are still pretty close to that mark. Below are the eight coldest cities in the world where people live.

1) Verkhoyansk, Russia

According to the 2002 census, Verkhoyansk, Russia, has 1,434 inhabitants. It was founded as a fortress in 1638 and served as a regional center in animal husbandry and gold mining. Located 650 kilometers from Yakutsk, another cold place on our list, and 2,400 kilometers south of North Pole Verkhoyansk was used for political prisoners between 1860 and the beginning of the 20th century.

It is not surprising why the undesirables were exiled here: in January average temperature is minus 50.4 degrees Fahrenheit (-45.7 °C), and average monthly temperature remains quite low from October to April. In 1892, residents recorded temperatures of minus 90 degrees F (-67.7 °C).

2) Oymyakon, Russia

People in Oymyakon object to Verkhoyansk being given the title of coldest place in the Northern Hemisphere, arguing that they recorded a minimum temperature of minus 90 degrees F (-67.7 °C) on February 6, 1933.

By the way, political prisoners were also often exiled here during the Stalinist regime. Oymyakon is located three days' drive from Yakutsk, and between 500 and 800 people live there. There is no mobile phone service here, there are few modern amenities at all, and schools in the village do not close at -52°C. Travel companies offer tours to Oymyakon as the “ideal destination” for an exotic adventure.

3) International Falls, Minnesota.

International Falls, Minnesota may not be as cold as Oymyakon, but it is one of the coldest places in the continental United States. About 6,703 people live in International Falls (2000 census), which straddles the US-Canada border.

Winters here are long and cold, with average temperatures in January of about 2.7 F (-16.2 °C). The mercury will reach zero on more than 60 nights per year, and the area receives a lot of snow (166 cm). International Falls is at war with the city of Fraser, Colorado over the use of trade name"The refrigerator of the nation."

4) Fraser, Colorado.

Fraser, Colorado is located at an elevation of 2,600 meters in the Colorado Rocky Mountains and is home to 910 residents (as of the 2000 census). Located close to popular ski resort Winter Park, Fraser enjoys some of the coldest winters in the continental United States. Average annual temperature During the year it reaches 32.5 degrees Fahrenheit (almost 0 °C), and in the summer it drops to 29 degrees (-1.66 °C).

5) Yakutsk, Russia

Yakutsk has a reputation as the coldest city in the world. The world's lowest temperature outside Antarctica was recorded near Yakutsk in the Yana River basin. In winter, the average minimum drops below −40 °C, starting in October and lasting until the end of April. In January, the average temperature reaches -34 degrees Fahrenheit (-36.6°C); the record low temperature recorded in January is minus 81.4 degrees Fahrenheit (-63 °C).

6) Hell, Norway

Hell, which means "hell", has become famous in Norway for the very successful combination of its name and subarctic temperature. The average air temperature in February 2010 was about 20 degrees Fahrenheit (-6.6 °C). For recent years The flow of tourists to this city has increased significantly, mainly to take pictures in front of one of the railway station signs.

Hell freezes on average for a third of the year, from December to March.

7) Barrow, Alaska

Barrow is the northernmost city in the United States and is located just 2,100 kilometers south of the North Pole and 510 kilometers north of the Arctic Circle. The small city, home to 4,581 people, was built in a permafrost region characterized by a lack of periodic thawing and very harsh winters.

The sun sets at the end of November and does not appear until the end of January. Even during summer days the air is very cold. Average temperatures don't rise until June, and even then barely - July averages a high of 40.4 degrees Fahrenheit (4.6 °C).

Barrow is the economic center of the North Slope, and many of its residents work in the energy industry. The city can only be reached by plane or sea.

8) Snedge, Canada

Located in the Yukon Territory, the village of Snedge was the first settlement in the Klondike during the Gold Rush. The village in the White River Valley recorded its lowest temperature of minus 81 degrees Fahrenheit (-62.8 °C) on February 3, 1947. This is the coldest recorded temperature in continental North America. The average temperature in Snedge ranges between 10.3 °F (-12.05 °C) and 34.3 °F (1.2 °C).

Let's look at what temperature records in the world and the places where they were recorded. In other words, this selection is 10 hottest and coldest places on earth.

To begin with, I propose to consider the coldest ones. These places are generally considered to be the coldest on Earth. Brrr – I wouldn’t want to live there (:

• Antarctica. Vostok station.

This station belongs, as you probably already guessed, to the Russians. This is where it was recorded the most cold temperature . A significant date is July 21, 1983, then there was severe frost, and the thermometer showed our planet's record -89.2 °C. And now a little more specifically about this place: the altitude above sea level is 3.5 kilometers, the station is located in the area of ​​one of the most large lakes world: Lake Vostok of the same name. Naturally, the lake is not on the surface, it is located under the ice at a depth of 4 kilometers.

• Canada. Eureka station.

This research station is often called the coldest populated area in the world. -20 ° C is the average annual air temperature, and in winter it usually drops to -40 ° C. This station is intended as a meteorological station and was created in the middle of the last century.

• Russia. Yakutia. Oymyakon.

Well, this place is already in the North: 350 km from the Arctic Circle to the south. Was recorded here lowest temperature record for Northern Hemisphere -71.2 °C (1926). This is confirmed by the memorial plaque installed after this event.

• USA. Denali (Mount McKingley).

This is the highest point North America. Mount McKingley is the coldest on Earth, its height is 6,194 meters.

• Mongolia. Ulaanbaatar.

And this is already the coldest capital. The height above sea level is 1.3 kilometers. The thermometer very rarely shows temperatures above -16 ° C in January.

Well, we visited the most “icy” places. Personally, I wanted to immediately drink a cup of hot coffee or tea, but this is not at all necessary, because then we will go with you to the hottest countries. Well, let's continue!

So, hottest places in the world.

• Libya. El Azizia.

Al-Aziziyah is only about an hour's drive from Mediterranean Sea. And despite this it is very hot there. For example, on September 13, 1922, the days were so hot that the thermometer tirelessly showed 57.8 ° C.

• Africa. Ethiopia. Dallol.

The place is located 116 meters below sea level. And it is in Dallol that it is observed record high average temperature+34.4 ° C. The area is covered with salt and is volcanic in nature, so nothing grows here and there is nothing living at all.

• Libya. Dashti-Lut Desert.

It was in this desert that it was recorded highest temperature on the Earth's surface +70 ° C. This is a record!! This is the maximum temperature!! By the way, about the date: they were able to record such a temperature here twice: in 2004 and in 2005. This desert is one of the driest places on the planet. There is also nothing living here, including even bacteria. Just imagine: not even bacteria can survive there! But the dunes there are like in a fairy tale: they reach 500 meters in height and are the most beautiful!

• USA. California. Death Valley.

This desert belongs to the second record for the most high temperature : +56.7 ° C. The average summer temperature here is approximately +47 ° C. Death Valley is the driest place in the USA, it is surrounded by mountains and is located 86 meters below sea level.

• Thailand. Bangkok.

The average annual temperature in this city is +28 ° C. The hottest time here is from March to May - the average temperature in these months is +34 ° C, and if you also take into account that the humidity is 90%, then this is in general (in vain I drank a cup of hot coffee all still (=).

Let's summarize. We visited amazing places: it was in them that they were recorded temperature records, the lowest and the highest. Personally, I realized for myself: there is no need for extremes; and it turns out that I am quite happy with the climate of the place where I live, it can be both cold and hot here, but in comparison with the places listed above, in moderation.

Despite the fact that humanity has explored the Earth far and wide, scientists continue to make discoveries that force them to rewrite textbooks. So American researchers from the University of Colorado at Boulder made their contribution -

they found that temperatures in Antarctica can drop to almost -100°C.

They spoke about the discovery of a new temperature record in an article in the magazine. Geophysical Research Letters .

Previously, the lowest recorded temperature in Antarctica was -93°C, this data was obtained in 2013. The new record, like the previous one, was set in the eastern part of the mainland. Researchers discovered it by studying satellite readings of temperature changes in Antarctica and comparing the results with data from ground-based weather stations.

Now the most low temperature on Earth it is officially -98°C. The temperature record was set on July 31, 2010.

“I have never been in such cold and I hope I never will,” says Doyle Rice, one of the researchers. —

They say that every breath there brings pain and you need to be extremely careful not to freeze your throat and lungs when breathing. It’s much colder than Siberia or Alaska.”

“Such a temperature can be felt at the poles of Mars in clear summer day" compares Ted Scambos, lead author of the study.

Temperatures drop so low in ice “pockets” up to three meters deep.

Scientists used data from the Terra and Aqua satellites, as well as satellite measurements National Administration oceanic and atmospheric research USA for 2004-2016. The greatest temperature changes, as it turned out, occur in Southern Hemisphere at night in June-August. Temperatures below -90°C are regularly recorded there.

The researchers also identified conditions conducive to the establishment of a temperature minimum: clear skies, light breezes and extremely dry air. Even a minimal content of water vapor in the air contributes to its heating, although not much.

“In this area, during certain periods the air is very dry, and this allows the snow to release heat more easily,” Scambos explains.

The temperature record was recorded at several points at a distance of hundreds of kilometers from each other. This got the researchers wondering - is there even a limit to the cooling?

“It all depends on how long the conditions allow the air to cool and how much water vapor there is in the atmosphere,” Scambos said.

Extremely dry and cold air sinks into icy pockets and becomes colder and colder until weather conditions change. Temperatures could drop even lower, researchers say, but it will just take a lot of clear, dry days in a row.

If this record can be broken, it will obviously not be soon, the authors of the work believe. Level Up carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and in connection with this, an increase in the amount of water vapor does not at all contribute to the emergence of the conditions necessary for this.

“Observation of the processes that influence low air and surface temperatures suggests that we will experience extreme low temperatures less frequently in the future,” the researchers write.

The researchers note that the data obtained are indicators recorded remotely. The lowest temperature recorded at a land weather station was -89.2°C. It was recorded on July 21, 1983 on the Soviet Antarctic station"East".

Because the current data was obtained from satellites rather than directly, some researchers refuse to acknowledge its significance.

“The East is still the coldest place on Earth,” insists Randy Cervenu, a professor of geography at the University of Arizona and a World Meteorological Organization specialist. — Remote sensing was used here, not standard weather stations Therefore, we at the World Meteorological Organization do not accept these results.”

In the United States, the lowest temperature was recorded in Alaska in the Prospect Creek settlement. The temperature record set on January 23, 1971 was -80°C.

Russia is characterized by very large temperature differences. The lowest temperatures are typical for the regions Far East. It is here that the “pole of cold” is located, for which low temperatures are a completely natural phenomenon.

Russia occupies 1/8 of the landmass. Here are the most deep lake in the world, the most long river in Europe and the coldest place on Earth. Weather records for the Far East are not uncommon. The lowest temperature was recorded in the area of ​​the Indigirka River. The Celsius mark here reached minus 78 degrees. This indicator is the maximum value.

The coldest settlements Russian Federation- these are Oymyakon and Verkhoyansk. Located on the Yana River in Yakutia, the city of Verkhoyansk is relatively small. Only a thousand people live in it. On January 15, 1885, the lowest air temperature here reached -67 degrees. It is not easy to survive the terrible cold and frosty winter here. Animals and birds freeze. Residents also suffer. People are forced to light their stoves and stockpile large number firewood Summer in Verkhoyansk is short, but at times it can be very hot. Maximum temperature reaches +37 degrees. That is why Russia owns another record - the most big difference temperatures within one country.

In 1964, the status of a pole of cold was assigned to the village of Oymyakon, located in Yakutia. That year, the lowest temperature reached -71 degrees Celsius. In such winters, residents of the northern cities of the Far East practically do not leave their homes. Low temperatures are quite common in this region. Despite all the difficulties that people experience in such severe frost, no one can imagine their life without snow and winter fun. Troika and sleigh rides are still popular here.

On July 21, 1983, a record temperature was recorded in the Antarctic Soviet scientific station"East". That year the thermometer showed -89 degrees. This is the lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth. Regarding the lowest temperature in the European part of Russia, the record value belongs to the village of Ust-Shchuger. In 1978, the air temperature here dropped to -58 degrees Celsius.

Despite the fact that Russia has the coldest places on the planet, it is quite hot here in the summer. Thus, the absolute maximum temperature reached in Kalmykia was +45 degrees. Fluctuations in temperature extremes are another feature of Russian weather conditions. This difference reaches about 60 degrees and is a record. Undoubtedly, the temperature in different regions and regions of the country differs and depends on many factors. First of all, their geographical location.

People who are used to living in extreme conditions, they don’t often look at the thermometer anymore. In the cities of Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon, winter with a mark of -50 degrees is common. The lowest temperature forces residents to accept the challenge of nature and, against all odds, resist the harsh elements.