How to prepare for the Unified State Exam in chemistry. Tutor advice and necessary literature

It's no surprise that graduates are asking the same question. Is it difficult to pass the Unified State Exam? The answer largely depends on your level of preparation. Some students prepare for an upcoming test with a tutor, some prefer self-study material.

to a schoolboy?

As is known, unified exam You can take both the final and entrance exams at the same time. Asking whether it is difficult to pass the Unified State Exam, applicants are simultaneously interested in how to get the highest score. Despite all the “horror stories” that claim that it is extremely difficult for an ordinary student to pass the exam successfully.

It’s only important to know how to prepare, and then you definitely shouldn’t be afraid.

Preparation for the Unified State Exam

You should never rule out the possibility of getting highest score. Those students who start preparing in advance have the best chances. For example, a systematic study school curriculum over the course of several years will allow you to avoid the stress associated with the need to master a huge amount of material in a short time.

You can prepare yourself, take a special course, or contact a private teacher. To choose the appropriate option, you need to take into account how well the student knows the subject at the moment and how much time is left before the exam.

It is also important what subject you are taking.

Physics

Interestingly, this item is one of the four most popular. Physics is often chosen by schoolchildren. What is the reason for such popularity? After all, this subject cannot be called simple. The secret is that physics is needed for admission to technical universities. That's why boys take it much more often than girls.

Is it difficult to pass the Unified State Exam in Physics? As mentioned above, this subject is not one of the simple ones. Therefore, preparation should not only be lengthy, but also thorough.

The peculiarity of the Unified State Exam is that the student must not only have excellent knowledge, but also comply with the exam regulations. It is better to familiarize yourself with the rules in advance. For example, not only computer equipment is not allowed into the classroom, but also all sorts of new-fangled gadgets such as smart watches, etc. You are only allowed to take a ruler and a simple calculator.

When writing a test, you cannot exchange information with other students, it is also usually prohibited to leave without permission, etc.

Violation of requirements can lead to conflict.

To successfully pass physics, you need to score 36 points or more.

Social science

It is always difficult for schoolchildren to decide future profession. If a student does not imagine himself in either a humanitarian or a technical specialty, then social studies becomes universal option. This subject will be useful for future psychologists, sociologists, economists and some other professions.

Is it difficult to pass the Unified State Exam in Social Studies? Some people mistakenly believe that this subject is simple because it does not involve memorizing complex formulas. However, this may be a mistake. Preparation cannot be neglected.

If a student assumes that when taking social studies they can indulge in philosophical reasoning and in this way successfully pass the exam, the result may disappoint him. The Unified State Exam format requires specific and clear answers.

That is why social studies requires knowledge of terminology, the ability to compare and analyze knowledge. This subject includes several humanitarian areas. Each of them opens up an abyss of knowledge with its own set of terms.

When choosing the Unified State Exam in social studies, you need to take the study of the subject seriously. This is the key to a successful result.

Biology

Not only schoolchildren, but also applicants have to take the Unified State Exam. Many people are incredibly afraid of this exam due to conflicting information. Therefore, the question of whether it is difficult to pass the Unified State Exam in biology remains a popular question.

There are probably no simple exams at all. Testing your knowledge is always stressful. According to experts, the greatest difficulty of the Unified State Exam in biology is that the exam covers a colossal layer of information. This science begins to be taught as a separate subject in grades 5-6.

Another difficulty is that biology includes many sections. For example, botany is studied in high school and knowledge may be forgotten by graduation. You will have to spend time re-learning the material.

When preparing for the Unified State Exam, you need to not only study the topics in the textbook. It is important to get used to the format in which the exam is administered. During the testing process, it is important to fill out the form correctly, without making mistakes. It will be a shame to receive a low score not because of a lack of knowledge, but because of errors in filling out.

Chemistry

This subject, unlike biology, begins to be taught in the 8th grade, so the amount of information is less. However, this does not mean that you can neglect preparation.

It is impossible to say for sure whether it is difficult to pass the Unified State Exam in biology and chemistry. Much depends on the current level. The more knowledge the student has acquired, the easier the preparation will be. It's worth starting with a check. It is recommended to pay the most attention to the most complex topics. This is where you need to start preparing for the Unified State Exam in Chemistry. After all, the more time you spend preparing, the better results you can achieve.

Having received 100 points on the final exam, yesterday's student will join the ranks of those who are regularly asked the question of whether it is difficult to pass the Unified State Exam.

Meet the teacher or teacher. To pass the exam successfully, you should get to know the teacher and tell him what is difficult for you.

Many teachers can be approached outside of class if students need help. In addition, they usually have methodological publications.

Gather a group for classes. Don't be ashamed that chemistry is hard for you. This subject is difficult for almost everyone.
- When working in a group, people who can quickly understand a topic will explain it to others. Divide and conquer.
Read the required paragraphs in the textbook. A chemistry textbook isn't the most exciting read, but you should read the material carefully and highlight text that you don't understand. Make a list of questions and concepts that you find difficult to understand.
- Come back to these parts later with a fresh mind. If you still find it difficult, discuss the topic in a group or ask your teacher for help.
Answer the questions after the paragraph. Even if there is a lot of material, you may have remembered more than you think. Try to answer the questions at the end of the chapter.
- Sometimes textbooks have explanatory materials at the end that describe correct solution. This will help you understand where you made a mistake in your reasoning.
Study charts, images, and tables. Textbooks use visual ways to convey information.
- Look at the pictures and diagrams. This will help you understand some concepts better.
Ask your teacher for permission to record the lecture. It is difficult to write down information and still look at the board, especially if we're talking about about such a difficult subject as chemistry.

Review past exam questions. Sometimes students are given questions that have appeared in previous years' exams so that they can prepare better.
- Don't memorize the answers. Chemistry is a subject where, in order to answer a question, it is important to understand what is being said, and not just repeat a memorized text.
Take advantage of online learning resources. Visit all the sites that the teacher recommends.

Learn to identify the changes that occur during a chemical reaction. Chemical reactions begin with basic elements or compounds that react. As a result of the connection, a reaction product or several products are obtained.

Learn different types reactions. Chemical reactions can occur under the influence various factors, and not just when connecting elements.

Use all available resources. You will need to understand the difference between the basic reactions. Use all possible materials to understand this difference. Don't be afraid to ask questions.
- Understanding what changes during chemical reactions is not so easy. This will be one of the most challenging tasks in chemistry class.
Think about the reactions from a logical point of view. Try not to get confused by the terminology and make things even more complicated. All reactions are aimed at transforming something into something else.
- For example, you already know what happens if you combine two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom - water. Therefore, if you pour water into a pan and put it on fire, something will change. You carried out a chemical reaction. If you put water in the refrigerator, a reaction will occur. You changed something that involved a substance involved in the reaction, which is water.
- Go through each type of reaction until you understand everything. Focus on the source of energy that provokes the reaction and the major changes that result from the reaction.
- If you find it difficult to understand this, make a list of unclear nuances and show it to your teacher, fellow students, or anyone who is well versed in chemistry.

Calculations

Know the sequence of basic calculations. In chemistry, very precise calculations are sometimes needed, but often it is enough basic knowledge mathematics. It is important to understand the sequence in which the calculations are carried out.
- First, calculations are done in parentheses, then calculations in powers, then multiplication or division, and finally addition or subtraction.
- In the example 3 + 2 x 6 = ___ the correct answer is 15.
Don't be afraid to round very long numbers. In chemistry we often round because the answer to an equation is often a number with big amount numbers If the problem statement provides rounding instructions, take them into account.

Understand what absolute value is. In chemistry, some numbers have an absolute value rather than a mathematical value. The absolute value is all values up to a number from zero.

Know all common units of measurement. Here are some examples.
- The amount of a substance is measured in moles (mol).
- Temperature is measured in degrees Fahrenheit (°F), Kelvin (°K), or Celsius (°C).
- Mass is measured in grams (g), kilograms (kg) or milligrams (mg).
- The volume of liquid is measured in liters (L) or milliliters (ml).
Practice converting values from one measurement system to another. In the exam you will have to do such translations. You may need to convert temperatures from one system to another, pounds to kilograms, ounces to liters.
- You may be asked to answer in units different from those in the problem statement. For example, in the text of the problem the temperature will be indicated in degrees Celsius, but the answer will be needed in degrees Kelvin.
- Usually temperature chemical reactions measured in degrees Kelvin. Practice converting degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit or Kelvin.
Do not hurry. Carefully read the text of the problem and learn to convert units of measurement.

Know how to calculate your concentration. Practice basic math by calculating percentages, ratios, and proportions.

Practice with data about nutritional value products on packages. To pass Chemistry, you need to be able to calculate ratios, proportions and percentages in different sequences. If this is difficult for you, start practicing using familiar units of measurement (for example, food packaging).
- Get the nutrition facts package. You'll see calorie calculations per serving, percentage of recommended servings per day, total fat, percentage of calories from fat, total carbohydrates, and a breakdown by type of carbohydrate. Learn to calculate various ratios based on these values.
- For example, calculate the amount of monounsaturated fat in total number fat Convert to percentage. Calculate how many calories are in a package by knowing the number of servings and the calorie content of each serving. Calculate how much sodium is in half the package.
- This will help you easily convert chemical values from one system to another, such as moles per liter, grams per mole, and so on.
Learn to use Avogadro's number. This number reflects the number of molecules, atoms or particles in one mole. Avogadro's constant is 6.022x1023.

Think about carrots. If you're having trouble figuring out how to use Avogadro's number, try counting carrots instead of atoms, molecules, or particles. How many carrots are there in a dozen? We know that a dozen is 12, which means there are 12 carrots in one dozen.

Understand molarity. Think about the number of moles of a substance contained in a liquid. It is very important to understand this example because we are talking about molarity, that is, the proportion of a substance expressed in moles per liter.

Reduce the equations to an empirical formula. This means that the answer will only be correct if you reduce all the meanings to their simplest form.

Know what is included in the molecular formula. The molecular formula does not need to be reduced to its simplest, or empirical, form, since it tells what exactly the molecule is made of.
- The molecular formula is written using the abbreviations of the elements and the number of atoms of each element in the molecule.
- For example, the molecular formula of water is H2O. This means that each water molecule contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The molecular formula of acetaminophen is C8H9NO2. Every chemical compound has a molecular formula.
Remember that the mathematics in chemistry is called stoichiometry. You will come across this term. This is a description of how chemistry is expressed in mathematical formulas. In chemical mathematics, or stoichiometry, the amounts of elements and chemical compounds often expressed in moles, percent moles, moles per liter, or moles per kilogram.

Ask for additional assignments. If you have trouble with equations and conversions, talk to your teacher. Ask to be given more tasks so that you can work on them yourself until the essence of all phenomena becomes clear to you.

The language of chemistry

Learn to understand Lewis diagrams. Lewis diagrams are sometimes called scatter plots. This simple circuits, on which the dots indicate free and bound electrons in the outer shell of the atom

Find out what the octet rule is. Lewis diagrams use the octet rule, which states that an atom becomes stable when it has access to eight electrons in its outer shell. Hydrogen is an exception - it is considered stable if it has two electrons in its outer shell.

The Unified State Exam in Chemistry in 2015 is not mandatory state exams. Typically, this exam is taken by graduates who have long decided which university and specialty they will enroll in. As a rule, the Unified State Exam in chemistry is required for admission to specialties related to medicine, chemistry or food industry. The Unified State Exam in chemistry is not inferior in complexity to either mathematics or physics. Therefore for successful completion exam, you need to start preparing as early as possible. And if knowledge on this subject is practically zero, then without outside help and painstaking independent work The chances of passing the Unified State Exam in chemistry are scanty.

Structure of the Unified State Examination in Chemistry

The Unified State Exam in chemistry consists of 40 tasks, which are divided into three levels of difficulty:

First level - tasks basic level. At this level, you need to choose one correct answer from four proposed answers. Each correct answer will be worth one point
The second level of difficulty consists of intermediate level tasks. At this level, you should write down the answer to each task. Depending on the completeness and correctness of the answer, answers will be scored from 1 to 2 points
The third level of difficulty consists of fairly complex tasks. Answers at this level should be detailed, with full description the entire task solving process. The score at this level of difficulty is from 3 to 4 points, depending on the completeness of solving the task.

How to prepare for the Unified State Exam in Chemistry

First, the graduate must decide for himself whether he is ready to take the Unified State Exam in chemistry. To do this, you need to take trial demonstration tests for the Unified State Exam in chemistry, which can be found. Solving these tests will show your real level of knowledge.

If the level of knowledge is very low, then preparation for the Unified State Exam in chemistry should start from scratch. To do this, you must enroll in preparatory courses in chemistry. In these courses, qualified specialists will help to significantly increase the level of knowledge, both in the theoretical part of the subject and in solving problems of various levels. If it is not possible to attend such courses, then it is worth finding a tutor who will study individually, which will also help positive influence on fundamental knowledge of chemistry. At the same time, you must independently carefully study and work through topic by topic, reinforcing your theoretical knowledge by solving practical problems.

Algorithm for self-preparation for the Unified State Exam in Chemistry

For self-study For the Unified State Exam in Chemistry you will definitely need basic school textbooks on chemistry, workbooks, reference materials and manuals for preparing for the Unified State Exam.

A student with a zero level of knowledge should prepare for the exam in stages, according to the following plan:

Basic concepts of chemistry
Nomenclature of inorganic and organic substances
Atomic structure
Chemical bonds

For each topic, it is necessary to keep notes in which to write down basic concepts, terms and formulas. After each topic, you need to write a test dictation, which will help reveal the real level of theoretical knowledge. Once the theory has been sorted out and studied, it is necessary to begin solving problems that can be taken from training papers for the Unified State Exam in Chemistry 2015 or previous years. When solving problems Special attention should be given to solving tasks on chains of transformations. Solving exactly these problems will help you quickly learn a large number of chemical reactions and consolidate knowledge of chemistry.

Even in high school, many students are faced with the question of how to learn chemistry on their own from scratch, because this science is rarely mastered the first time. School teachers often do not think about the fact that children do not receive all the necessary knowledge to study science at a more complex level. Therefore, the guys do not understand more and more new tasks, concluding that they have a poor predisposition to the subject. In fact, gaps in knowledge may arise not because of problems with thinking, but because of incorrect school teaching methods.

Let's talk about how to learn chemistry yourself from scratch at home. This question is also relevant for school graduates who are planning to take the Unified State Exam and enter universities.

Many students who study at medical universities encounter chemistry every day. And at the same time, not every one of them knew this science well at school. Here is the advice they give to the younger generation:

To pass the exam, you need knowledge of the entire school chemistry course. But to study at the university you will only need the basics of inorganic science; experienced professors will teach you everything else. Therefore, develop your short-term memory. After passing the Unified State Exam, you will have to throw all unnecessary information out of your head.
Lessons with a tutor will bring much more benefits than studying on your own. However, if you do not have the opportunity to attend individual lessons, do not despair, because you can learn chemistry on your own, but it will require hard work.
Remember that humanity has not come up with even more effective methodology studying disciplines than working hard on your knowledge and skills. Constant practice is your key to success.

It is continuity in learning that is the key factor in achieving the goal. For effective classes you need to create the appropriate psychological attitude.

Many students are concerned not so much with the quality of the knowledge they receive, but with the time it will take to study. Believe me, the more thoroughly you study the basics of science, the clearer the meaning of each equation becomes for you, the faster you will master more complex topics. In this case, it will be difficult for you only at the very beginning. Get into the essence of the basic concepts, and then the awareness of each chemical law will come to your mind.

Just by not paying attention to deadlines, you can learn chemistry quickly. It’s realistic to do this in a month, if we are talking about school course. Typically, students who are preparing to take an exam set this goal. Use the technique suggested below to create the appropriate psychological mood.

Motivation is the key to success

To create appropriate motivation for yourself and maintain it throughout your training, use the following recommendations:

Set a goal for yourself, formulate it, clearly understanding what result you want to achieve.
Remember that you should not try to learn a large amount of information in one minute. a short time. It will not linger in your thoughts for long, and all the formulas will merge together.
The theoretical material will not be fully understood by you if you do not consolidate it by solving practical tasks. In addition, your self-esteem will significantly increase if you are able to solve problems.
Arrange tests for yourself in which you will check the degree of mastery of the material.

Chemistry is just science. The human brain is designed in such a way that we can remember and understand absolutely any information. Therefore, stop telling yourself that chemistry is not your thing, then you will succeed.

Be a teacher

As strange as it may sound, you will learn the material best if you explain it to someone. Learned new topic, but are not sure that you fully understood it? Find a person who doesn’t understand it at all and explain to him the essence of the material. Believe me, after this lesson, in which you will act as a teacher, not only your “student” will gain more knowledge, but also you.

Why chemistry is a problematic subject

Usually, chemistry initially does not excite schoolchildren. After the first lesson, most children give up on studying this science, believing that they do not have the ability. This is due to the fact that from childhood we are taught that chemistry is a science that has given humanity a lot of interesting experiments, amazing sights and amazing innovations. When students high school come to the first lesson, they are preparing to receive an unforgettable experience and participate in interesting experiments. Instead, schoolchildren see only dry theory and many incomprehensible problems. They become disappointed in the subject, and when the time comes to take the exam, they realize that they have no knowledge.

This is the fault of adults. The child must understand that spectacles in chemistry are formed through hard work, and only with some effort can interesting experiments be carried out.

Passing the Unified State Exam

Graduates often think about how to learn chemistry on their own from scratch in order to pass the Unified State Exam. The answer to this question is very simple. You just need to study chemistry without thinking about exams. Your knowledge will be much better and deeper if you master the subject for yourself, and not for entering the university. Having delved into the essence of science, following the above tips, you can easily write tests for

Just don't deceive yourself! “In principle, everything is not bad with us,” parents often tell me in the first telephone conversation, “At school the child has B’s and even A’s, that’s just trial Unified State Exam"accidentally" wrote two! I was probably worried."

Friends! If a person really knows a subject with a B, he will not be able to pass the exam with a B, even if he is in an unconscious state. Don't flatter yourself! Chance is not a bad mark on a test exam, but a waterfall of fours and fives that befalls schoolchildren during their 11 years of study. Unfortunately, practice shows that 90% of school grades are fake! We will not talk now about the reasons for this phenomenon (you can read more about this Here), but rather, let’s think about how to give ourselves (or our offspring) an objective assessment.

I can offer several options:

use tests in chemistry and mathematics on this site;
buy the collection Unified State Exam tests in the relevant subject and try to solve several options (only honestly, without cheating and without the help of friends!);
Seek advice from a qualified tutor, ask him to assess your current level of knowledge and create a preparation program for the exam.

Set yourself a realistic goal. Consider time restrictions

If there are four months left before the Unified State Exam, at the moment you are barely able to solve 3-4 simple problems, and you are aiming for 90 points, I am afraid that you will be disappointed! To reach the level of 80 points in mathematics, even a very capable student will need 1.5 - 2 years of intensive work.

It is very difficult to clearly formulate what it is realistic goal. There are too many variables to consider. The initial level of the student, his abilities, the level of motivation, and, of course, the amount of time play a role. An experienced tutor already after one or two lessons understands what one or another of his students can count on. A non-professional can very often greatly exaggerate or understate a child’s capabilities.

I will try to give just a few guidelines using typical situations as examples. So,

Typical situation	Forecast
We are preparing for the Unified State Exam in mathematics, we have a year left, the current level is “below the baseboard”.	We can count on 60 points in the exam, maximum 65 if we work hard.
We are preparing for the Unified State Exam in mathematics, we have a year left, and at the moment we can solve about 50% of the tasks from the first part.	Realistic forecast: 70 - 75 points.
We are preparing for a math exam, we have two With a year left, we can currently solve about 50% of the tasks.	We can even go above 90 points. A level of 80 points during normal operation is practically guaranteed.
We are preparing for the Unified State Exam in Chemistry, we have a year left, the current level is “zero minus”.	We can count on 70 - 75 points on the real exam (with intensive work throughout the year).
We want to pass the Unified State Exam in chemistry, at school we got a “real” B, we have a year left.	80 - 90 points is an achievable result.
We dream of getting 100 points on the Unified State Exam in chemistry, we have two years ahead and a great desire to work. We do all our homework and work regularly.	The dream of 100 points can come true.
Six months before the Unified State Exam in mathematics, we even know the multiplication tables with uncertainty. Is it possible to pass the exam at least minimum score?	Yes, you can. You need to find a professional tutor and start working seriously.
A similar question for chemistry.	Of course it is possible.
There are two to three months before the exam. Knowledge is zero. Is there anything to hope for?	You can only count on passing the Unified State Exam for a minimum score, and even then only under the condition of intensive work under the guidance of a top-class tutor.

Let me remind you once again that these are guidelines only. Naturally, there are no guarantees in such forecasts and cannot be!

Create a lesson program

So, by the beginning of June you plan to confidently solve, for example, ten problems in the test. Currently you are able to complete 2-3 tasks. Take a piece of paper, a pen and try to sketch out a rough work plan: December will be devoted to tasks B1 and B4, January - B2 and B5, etc. If you are preparing for the Unified State Exam with a tutor, the situation will be simplified: he will have to draw up a plan and monitor its implementation. If you are preparing yourself, show your plan school teacher; Perhaps something will need to be adjusted.

It is likely that some changes will be made to the plan during preparation. This is normal.

Give yourself some extra time

It is important to understand that life makes its own adjustments to any plan. You may get sick, the exam may be postponed until later early date, it turns out that a topic that seemed very easy to you will, in fact, require more effort, etc.

You must allow for time reserve. Let's say you already know that the Unified State Exam in mathematics will take place on June 10. But you must be fully prepared by May 15th. If any problems arise, you can solve them in the remaining time. If no problems arise, you can once again repeat the material covered, or even work on more complex examples.

Check yourself periodically

Any preparation is meaningless if you do not constantly monitor the implementation of your plan. After each lesson, organize a small test. Check all completed tasks using the answers (but do not adjust them to the answer!) Periodically arrange a trial Unified State Exam for yourself: you can use collections of exam tests or materials from the Internet. The main thing is that the exam be as objective as possible. Don't look at textbooks, solve problems in an "exam setting", ask friends or parents to test you.

Your results should gradually improve. If progress is not observed, it is necessary to change the preparation system: use a different textbook, devote more time to classes, seek the help of a tutor.

Prepare for the Unified State Exam every day

I understand that today is a friend’s birthday, and tomorrow is an important test at school, and the day after tomorrow - New Year. Yesterday I had a headache, and the day before yesterday they promised a collision between the Earth and an asteroid (and why bother preparing for the Unified State Exam then?). No, friends, it won’t work that way! If you plan to exercise occasionally, once a week or even less often, I have to disappoint you: the effectiveness of such work tends to zero.

Daily exercise for 20 minutes is much more beneficial than one two-hour lesson once a week. Regularity of work is the basis of success. And friends, holidays, social media, football, TV let them wait until the summer!

Preparing for the Unified State Exam is not just about solving tests

I would like to once again warn graduates against thoughtlessly using numerous “Collections of tests for preparing for the Unified State Exam.”

Firstly, the quality of most (if not most!) of these collections is not very high (this is putting it mildly!): there are a lot of factual errors, incorrect assignments, etc.

Secondly, even high-quality collections of this type do not replace textbooks, reference books, etc. These books, of course, have the right to exist, but only as auxiliary element training. You can use them to assess your initial level (see above), for periodic self-control during training.

The stupidest thing you can think of when preparing for the Unified State Exam is to simply “solve” (as some teachers like to say) an endless number of tests.

Preparing for the Unified State Exam (as well as for any other exam) means working on certain topics, on tasks certain types. Today you learn to decide quadratic equations, tomorrow you analyze equations with modules, the day after tomorrow you remember fractional-rational equations, etc. Go to next topic you just need to fully assimilate the previous one.

Obviously, collections of tests will not help you with such work. It is better to use regular school textbooks or specialized literature for those preparing for higher education.