Electronic ignition switches for magneto circuits. Ignition systems: from simple to better

The starting motor is an auxiliary unit, thanks to which diesel power units are started. To make it work auxiliary engine, it is necessary to create a spark in its cylinder of the required power, igniting the fuel mixture. The starting motor magneto ensures the generation and supply of the required voltage to the spark plug, capable of creating a spark discharge.

ull; lever with breaker cover; . contact stand with chrome contacts; . capacitor; . cam with half-coupling; . filtz; . terminals and remote shutdown button. The magneto core is made of durable zinc alloys. The main part of this device - the rotor - is attached using ball bearings between magnetic pole shoes. The rotor design consists of several lamellas attached to magnets and 2 rollers, which, together with the lamellas, are filled with zinc alloy. The transformer part of the magneto, responsible for high-voltage currents, has a core made of special electrochemical steel and two windings (primary and secondary). For the primary winding, a small number of turns from wires with a large cross-section are used, and for the secondary winding, a thin conductor is used, but with a large number of turns. To ensure the electrical strength of the device, the transformer is impregnated with turbine grease.

Electronic ignition system

In the electronic ignition system, which is one of the most important components of a modern car, high voltage current is created and distributed thanks to electronic devices. Electronic system has many clear advantages, and also makes it easier to start the engine in winter.

bones; 5, 6 - inductive reference and angular pulse sensors; 7 - ignition coils; 8 - spark plugs; 9 - ignition switch; 10 - battery; 11 - fuse and relay box Operating principle The electronic control unit responds to sensor signals, calculating the optimal parameters for the operation of the system. First of all, the control unit acts on the igniter, which supplies voltage to the ignition coil, in the primary winding of which current begins to flow. When the voltage is interrupted, a current is induced in the secondary winding of the coil. Directly from the coil or through high-voltage wires, the current is sent to a specific spark plug, in which a spark is formed that ignites the fuel-air mixture. If the speed of rotation of the crankshaft changes, the sensor responsible for its rotation frequency, as well as the sensor that regulates the position of the camshaft, send

Ignition systems: from simple to better!

The ignition system is an integral attribute of any gasoline or gas engine. With all the diversity technical nuances V this issue, all ignition systems with dynamic distribution of the supplied voltage can be divided into contact and non-contact. The following article is devoted to their main features, as well as the reasons for the emergence of systems with static voltage distribution (electronic ignition).

an integral part of both contact and non-contact ignition systems, even if in the second case its design is somewhat different. The extremely important components of the distributor-distributor are the vacuum and centrifugal ignition timing regulators - they determine the moment of fuel ignition (and it should ignite before the piston reaches TDC), which means that these devices have a direct impact on engine operation. Let's consider their operation using the example of a contact ignition system. Centrifugal ignition timing regulator This device is responsible for correlating the moment of spark occurrence with the crankshaft rotation speed. The centrifugal regulator consists of two flat metal weights mounted on the distributor shaft, which in turn is in direct contact with the engine crankshaft. As the number of crankshaft revolutions increases, the rotation of the distributor shaft accelerates, as a result of which

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   • we send you the completed order by mail (in this case, orders are sent after advance payment by bank transfer),
   • or you pick it up yourself from a warehouse in Moscow (with payment upon delivery of spare parts),
   • or we send it to the address you specified via transport company by rail, road or air transport (in this case, orders are sent after advance payment by bank transfer).

Electronic magneto used as an ignition system in engines internal combustion. A useful model of an electronic magneto is proposed, containing a housing made of electrically insulating material, inside which there are low-voltage and high-voltage transformer coils mounted on the first bushing, a sensor coil with a rod magnetic core, a U-shaped magnetic core of the transformer, which consists of two parts interconnected inside the first bushings, and electronics unit. The internal volume of the housing made of electrical insulating material is filled with an electrical insulating compound, which may contain a filler with electrical insulating properties. The electronic magneto contains an electrical discharger made of flexible electrical insulating tube, into which two pieces of electrical wire with a gap between their ends are inserted and fixed on both sides, and second and third cylindrical bushings for exiting high-voltage and damping wires from a housing made of electrical insulating material, having a variable internal diameter. The U-shaped magnetic core of the transformer is made without a magnetic shunt. The second and third cylindrical bushings, a sensor coil with a rod magnetic core and an electric spark gap are placed inside an electronic magneto housing made of electrically insulating material, and this housing occupies the entire space between the ends of the U-shaped magnetic core of the transformer. The electronics unit is made on a printed circuit board fixed on the first bushing. The gap between the inner surface of the first bushing and the outer surface of the U-shaped magnetic core of the transformer and all open surfaces of the electronic magneto elements contain a highly adhesive moisture-proof compound. This design makes it possible to improve spark discharge parameters, increase the reliability of the electronic magneto, and reduce its dimensions and weight. The indicated advantages of the utility model are confirmed by testing samples of the electronic magneto as part of the Neva, Cascade and Oka walk-behind tractors.

The proposed utility model relates to the field of electrical equipment of internal combustion engines and can be used in any engines to form a spark discharge on the spark plug.

The electronic magneto MS-3 ("Monoblock ignition system" ITsRE.448331.005TU, JSC "Typhoon"), taken as a prototype, is known. It contains a housing made of electrically insulating material with a bushing, partially protruding from the body made of electrically insulating material, a U-shaped magnetic circuit of the transformer, which consists of two parts connected to each other inside the bushing using a mechanical lock, low-voltage and high-voltage coils of the transformer, mounted on the bushing, a sensor coil with a rod magnetic core and an electronics unit located inside the housing, high-voltage, muffling and grounding wires, the connection points of which with the corresponding elements are located inside the housing, and the second end of the grounding wire is electrically connected to one of the parts of the U-shaped magnetic core of the transformer, high-voltage wires and The damping tubes are removed from the housing through cylindrical bushings fixed in an electrically insulating compound that fills the internal volume of the housing, from the side where it is poured into the housing. The U-shaped magnetic circuit of the transformer, each part of which has a hole for attaching the magneto to the engine, contains a shunt. The disadvantages of the prototype are as follows:

Securing cylindrical bushings in the compound increases the dimensions of the magneto;

There is no protective electrical discharger in the magneto, which reduces its reliability in the event of possible disconnections of the high-voltage wire from the spark plug while the engine is running due to overvoltages on the high-voltage coil of the transformer and possible breakdown of the insulation in this case;

The electronics unit is made in a three-dimensional installation, which does not allow its parts to be clearly fixed and their possible displacement during the assembly process, which can lead to a decrease in the reliability of the magneto as a whole;

The presence of a magnetic shunt when working together electronic magneto with flywheels made of magnetically conductive material, for example cast iron, leads, in addition to increasing weight, to incomplete use magnetic flux, which causes a decrease in the energy of the spark discharge;

Connecting the parts of the U-shaped magnetic core of the transformer using a mechanical lock leads to the appearance of an additional air gap and the variability of the spark discharge from sample to sample due to this;

Magneto parts do not have a moisture-proof coating, which can lead to their corrosion, especially the U-shaped magnetic core of the transformer, as well as to current leaks in high-voltage circuits, which also reduces the energy of the spark discharge.

The technical problem that the utility model is aimed at solving is improving the parameters of the spark discharge, increasing the reliability of the electronic magneto, reducing the dimensions and weight of the electronic magneto.

The solution to the technical problem is achieved by the fact that an electronic magneto containing a housing made of electrical insulating material, inside which there are low-voltage and high-voltage transformer coils mounted on the first bushing, a sensor coil with a rod magnetic core, a U-shaped magnetic core of the transformer, which consists of two parts connected between each other inside the first bushing, and the electronics unit, and the internal volume of the housing made of electrically insulating material is filled with an electrically insulating compound, and the electronic magneto contains an electrical discharger made of a flexible electrically insulating tube, into which two pieces of electrical wire (or other flexible electrically conductive element) with a gap between their ends, and their other ends are electrically connected to the high-voltage wire and the grounding wire, respectively, and the second and third cylindrical bushings for exiting the high-voltage and muffling wires from a housing made of electrical insulating material, having a variable internal diameter equal to the diameter of the passing through them the wires at the entrance to the bushing and increased by the amount of permissible bending of the wire passing through them at its exit from the bushing, the U-shaped magnetic core of the transformer is made without a magnetic shunt and both of its parts are connected to each other inside the first bushing along the entire joint surface with a magnetic gap of 10 or more times smaller than the working magnetic gap, and the second and third cylindrical bushings, a sensor coil with a rod magnetic core and an electric spark gap are placed inside an electronic magneto housing made of electrically insulating material, and this housing occupies the entire space between the ends of the U-shaped magnetic core of the transformer, in addition the electronics unit is made on a printed circuit board fixed on the first bushing,

and the gap between the inner surface of the first bushing and the outer surface of the U-shaped magnetic core of the transformer and all open surfaces of the electronic magneto elements contain a highly adhesive moisture-proof compound. The electrical insulating compound that fills the internal volume of the electronic magneto housing made of electrical insulating material may contain a filler with electrical insulating properties.

Figure 1 shows appearance electronic magneto. Figure 2 shows the design of an electronic magneto with cuts along the axis of a body made of electrical insulating material and along the axis of one of the cylindrical bushings.

The electronic magneto contains a housing 1 made of electrically insulating material with a first bushing 2. A U-shaped magnetic core 3 of the transformer, consisting of two parts 3a and 3b, interconnected inside the first bushing 2, together with low-voltage coils 4 and high-voltage 5, mounted on the first bushing 2, and placed inside a housing made of electrical insulating material, form a transformer. Inside the housing there is also a sensor coil 6 with a magnetic core 7, an electronics unit 8, an electrical discharger 9 and the connection points of the high-voltage wire 10, the jamming wire 11 and the ground wire 12 with the corresponding elements, while the second end of each of these wires is brought outside the housing 1, while the second end of the grounding wire is electrically connected to one of the parts of the U-shaped magnetic circuit 3 of the transformer. The internal volume of the housing 1, free from elements, is filled with an electrical insulating compound 13, which may contain a filler with electrical insulating properties, and each part 3a and 3b of the U-shaped magnetic core 3 of the transformer contains a hole 14 for attaching the magneto to the internal combustion engine. To output the high-voltage wire 10 and the jamming wire 11, the housing 1 contains, respectively, a second 15 and a third 16 cylindrical bushings, having variable internal diameters equal to the diameter of the wire passing through them at the entrance to the bushing and increased by the amount of permissible bending of the wire passing through them at its exit from bushings. The electrical discharger 9 is made of a flexible electrically insulating tube, into which sections of electrical wire are inserted on both sides and fixed with a gap between their ends, the second ends of which are electrically connected to the high-voltage wire 10 and to the grounding wire 12, respectively. The electronics unit 8 is made on a printed circuit board 17, fixed on

the first bushing 2. Two parts 3a and 3b of the U-shaped magnetic core 3 of the transformer, made without a magnetic shunt, are connected inside the first bushing 2 along the entire joint surface with a magnetic gap 10 or more times smaller than the working magnetic gap, for example, by gluing, while housing 1 occupies the entire space between the ends of the U-shaped magnetic core 3 of the transformer. The second 15 and third 16 cylindrical bushings, the rod core 7 of the sensor coil 6 and the electric spark gap 9 are placed inside the housing 1 of the electronic magneto. The electronics unit 8 is made on a printed circuit board 17, fixed on the first bushing 2, and the gap between the inner surface of the first bushing 2 and the outer surface of the U-shaped magnetic core 3 of the transformer and all open surfaces of the electronic magneto elements contain a highly adhesive moisture-proof compound 18.

The absence of a magnetic shunt allows for more complete use of the free space between the ends of the U-shaped magnetic core of the transformer, which, in turn, allows the cylindrical bushings 15 and 16, previously fixed in the electrical insulating compound, as well as most of the elements and electrical connections, to be placed inside the electrically insulating compound body material.

The use of a filler with electrical insulating properties in the electrical insulating compound that fills the internal volume of the electronic magneto housing made of electrical insulating material will additionally increase the mechanical strength of the electrical insulating compound and reduce its consumption. In addition, by using a filler having a low density, the mass of the electronic magneto can be reduced.

The electronic magneto works as follows. When installed on an internal combustion engine, the electronic magneto is placed at a distance that provides the required operating magnetic gap from a rotating flywheel with permanent magnets located on the engine shaft. During the rotation of the flywheel, there comes a moment when the permanent magnets, approaching the U-shaped magnetic core 3 of the transformer and the core magnetic core 7, induce in the low-voltage coil 4 and the sensor coil 6 an electromotive force sufficient to trigger the electronics unit 8. At the same time, under the influence of the electromotive force , coming from the sensor coil 6, the electronics unit 8 short-circuits the low-voltage coil 4, which ensures the accumulation of energy in it with further rotation of the flywheel. Rod magnetic circuit 7

sensor coil 6 is placed so that at the moment of time corresponding to the accumulation in the low-voltage coil 4, the maximum energy induced in the sensor coil 6 of the electromotive force is insufficient to trigger the electronics unit 8. At this moment in time, the circuit of the electronics unit 8, which previously short-circuits the low-voltage coil 4, opens. In this case, an electromotive force of self-induction arises in the low-voltage coil 4, which is transformed into a high-voltage coil 5. The voltage on the high-voltage coil 5 increases. And since the spark gap in the electric gap 9 is larger than the equivalent air gap of the spark plug connected to the high-voltage wire 10, the primary breakdown voltage of the electric gap 9 turns out to be greater than the primary breakdown voltage of the spark gap of the spark plug, and in the process of increasing the voltage on the high-voltage coil 5, The primary breakdown of the spark plug spark gap occurs earlier. After the initial breakdown of the spark gap of the spark plug, a spark discharge occurs in it, shunting the high-voltage coil 5 and preventing further increase in voltage across it. In this case, the energy previously stored in the low-voltage coil 4, through a transformer formed by the low-voltage coils 4, high-voltage 5 and the U-shaped magnetic circuit 3 of the transformer, is spent on maintaining a spark discharge in the spark gap of the spark plug. Ultimately, the energy stored in the low-voltage coil 4 is transferred (taking into account the coefficient useful action) into the energy of the spark discharge that ignites the fuel mixture. Thus, during normal operation of the electronic magneto, the voltage on the electric spark gap 9 is less than its primary breakdown voltage, and a spark discharge in the electric spark gap 9 does not occur. However, in a possible emergency mode, if the high-voltage wire 10 is disconnected from the spark plug while the engine is running, the increase in voltage on the high-voltage coil 5 will no longer be limited by the voltage of the primary breakdown of the spark gap of the spark plug. In this case, the voltage on the high-voltage coil in the process of growth reaches the voltage of the primary breakdown of the spark gap of the electric gap 9. After the primary breakdown of the spark gap of the electric gap 9, processes similar to those occurring during a spark discharge in the spark gap of the spark plug occur, resulting in a maximum voltage value of high-voltage coil 5 is limited to a safe level corresponding to the voltage

primary breakdown of the spark gap of the electric gap 9, which is insufficient for electrical breakdown of the insulation. Thus, the electrical spark gap 9 protects the elements of the electronic magneto from electrical breakdown of the insulation. The formation of spark discharges stops when the silencing wires 11 and grounding wires 12 are electrically connected.

Increasing the reliability of the electronic magneto is achieved by special form holes of the second and third bushings, which prevents breakage of the high-voltage wires coming out through them and jamming when they are bent, by the operation of an electric spark gap, which prevents the occurrence of unacceptably high voltages that can cause an insulation breakdown on the high-voltage coil of the transformer when the electrical contact of the high-voltage wire with the spark plug disappears when operating engine, as well as due to the placement more elements inside the housing that provides their protection.

The improvement of the spark discharge parameters is increased by reducing energy losses in the design of the U-shaped magnetic core of the transformer when connecting its two parts along the entire joint surface with a gap that is 10 or more times smaller than the working magnetic gap, compared to connecting them with a lock, as well as by eliminating the branching of part of the magnetic flux into the magnetic shunt and reducing high-voltage current leaks when covering all structural elements with the same compound and making the electronics unit on a printed circuit board. In addition, by covering all elements with a highly adhesive moisture-proof compound, long-term protection of the electronic magneto elements from climatic influences during operation is achieved. IN real conditions operation by reducing magneto failures and increasing spark discharge energy, the reliability of fuel ignition in an internal combustion engine increases.

The dimensions and weight of the electronic magneto are reduced due to the absence of a magnetic shunt, the placement of cylindrical bushings 15 and 16 for removing high-voltage wires from the housing and silencing inside the housing. The flexible design of the electrical discharger allows its dimensions to be reduced by bending in the desired direction, due to which it can be placed on free space inside made of electrical insulating material.

Thus, the tasks posed are completely solved in a useful model of an electronic magneto of the proposed design.

The useful model was tested in samples of electronic magneto for the Neva, Cascade and Oka walk-behind tractors. The body with three bushings is made of Polyamide-66 material, the flexible tube of the electrical discharger is made of fluoroplastic-4. Coating of magneto parts with a highly adhesive moisture-proof compound, gluing parts and impregnation can be done before filling the electronic magneto, in one technological process vacuuming the entire product, followed by removing the vacuum, in varnish UR-231. The filling compound is epoxy resin ED-20. Glass powder was used as a filler. Compared to the prototype, an increase in spark discharge energy by 1.5 times was achieved, a reduction in weight by 16 percent, overall dimensions by 15 percent in height, a decrease in the level of returns of the electronic magneto from operation during the warranty period from 2÷3% to 0.2÷ 0.3%.

1. An electronic magneto containing a housing made of electrically insulating material, inside which there are low-voltage and high-voltage transformer coils mounted on the first bushing, a sensor coil with a rod magnetic core, a U-shaped magnetic core of the transformer, which consists of two parts interconnected inside the first bushing. , and an electronics unit, and the internal volume of the housing made of electrically insulating material is filled with an electrically insulating compound, characterized in that the electronic magneto contains an electrical discharger made of a flexible electrically insulating tube into which two pieces of electrical wire (or other flexible electrically conductive element) are inserted and fixed on both sides ) with a gap between their ends, and their other ends are electrically connected to the high-voltage wire and the grounding wire, respectively, and the second and third cylindrical bushings for exiting the high-voltage and damping wires from a housing made of electrical insulating material, having a variable internal diameter equal to the diameter of the one passing through them wires at the entrance to the bushing and increased by the amount of permissible bending of the wire passing through them at its exit from the bushing, the U-shaped magnetic core of the transformer is made without a magnetic shunt and both of its parts are interconnected inside the first bushing along the entire joint surface with a magnetic gap of 10 or more times smaller than the working magnetic gap, and the second and third cylindrical bushings, a sensor coil with a core magnetic core and an electric spark gap are placed inside an electronic magneto housing made of electrically insulating material, and this housing occupies the entire space between the ends of the U-shaped magnetic core of the transformer, in addition, the electronics unit is made on a printed circuit board fixed on the first bushing, and the gap between the inner surface of the first bushing and the outer surface of the U-shaped magnetic core of the transformer and all open surfaces of the electronic magneto elements contain a highly adhesive moisture-proof compound.

2. An electronic magneto according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrically insulating compound filling the internal volume of the electronic magneto housing made of electrically insulating material contains a filler with electrical insulating properties.

Valves and lifters Crankshafts and connecting rods Pistons, rings, clamps Gaskets and seals Spark plugs Starters and starting ropes"); if (arAjaxPageData.TITLE) BX.ajax.UpdatePageTitle(arAjaxPageData.TITLE); if (arAjaxPageData.WINDOW_TITLE || arAjaxPageData.TITLE ) BX.ajax.UpdateWindowTitle(arAjaxPageData.WINDOW_TITLE || arAjaxPageData.TITLE); if (arAjaxPageData.NAV_CHAIN) BX.ajax.UpdatePageNavChain(arAjaxPageData.NAV_CHAIN)); (function (w, d, nv, ls) ( var) lwait = function (w, on, trf, dly, ma, orf, osf) (var pfx = "ctawait", sfx = "_completed";if (!w) (var ci = clearInterval, si = setInterval, st = setTimeout , cmld = function() (if (!w) ( w = true;if ((w && (w.timer))) ( ci(w.timer);w = null;)orf(w);)); if (!w || !osf) (if (trf(w))(cmld();) else (if (!w) (w = (timer: si(function () (if (trf(w) || ma 0 && !!cnt && cnt.get ? cnt.get("clientId") : null;) catch (e) (console.warn("Unable to get clientId, Error: " + e.message);)ct( w, d, "script", clId, n);), function (f) (w[o](function () (f(w[o]);))));) else (ct(w, d , "script", null, n);)); var cid = function () (try (var m1 = d.cookie.match("(?:^|;)\s_ga=([^;])");if (!(m1 && m1.length > 1) ) return null;var m2 = decodeURIComponent(m1).match(/(\d+.\d+)$/);if (!(m2 && m2.length > 1)) return null;return m2) catch (err) ( ))(); if (cid === null && !!w.GoogleAnalyticsObject) ( if (w.GoogleAnalyticsObject == "ga_ckpr") w.ct_ga = "ga"; else w.ct_ga = w.GoogleAnalyticsObject; if (typeof Promise !== "undefined" && Promise.toString().indexOf("") !== -1) ( new Promise(function (resolve) (var db, on = function () (resolve(true)), off = function () (resolve(false)), tryls = function tryls() (try (ls && ls.length ? off() : (ls.x = 1, ls.removeItem("x"), off());) catch ( e) (nv.cookieEnabled ? on() : off();)); w.webkitRequestFileSystem(0, 0, off, on) : "MozAppearance" in d.documentElement.style (db = indexedDB.open( "test"), db.onerror = on, db.onsuccess = off) : /constructor/i.test(w.HTMLElement) ? tryls() : !w.indexedDB && (w.PointerEvent || w.MSPointerEvent) ? on() : off();)).then(function (pm) ( if (pm) (gaid(w, d, w.ct_ga, ct, 2);) else (gaid(w, d, w.ct_ga , ct, 3);)))) else (gaid(w, d, w.ct_ga, ct, 4);) ) else (ct(w, d, "script", cid, 1);))) ( window, document, navigator, localStorage); var jsControl = new JCTitleSearch2(( //"WAIT_IMAGE": "/bitrix/themes/.default/images/wait.gif", "AJAX_PAGE" : "/products/elektronnoe_magneto_em4_1n_005_40_1900_01_dlya_dvigatelya_dm_1k/", "CONTAINER_ID": "title- search" , "INPUT_ID": "title-search-input", "MIN_QUERY_LEN": 2 )); function jsPriceFormat(_number)( BX. Currency.setCurrencyFormat("RUB", ("CURRENCY":"RUB","LID":"ru","FORMAT_STRING":"# rub.","FULL_NAME":"Ruble","DEC_POINT":"." ,"THOUSANDS_SEP":" ","DECIMALS":"0","THOUSANDS_VARIANT":"S","HIDE_ZERO":"Y","CREATED_BY":"","DATE_CREATE":"2016-12-28 10 :45:07","MODIFIED_BY":"11","TIMESTAMP_X":"2018-09-05 14:51:00")); return BX.Currency.currencyFormat(_number, "RUB", true); ) var arBasketAspro = ("BASKET":,"DELAY":,"SUBSCRIBE":,"NOT_AVAILABLE":,"COMPARE":); $(document).ready(function())( setBasketStatusBtn(); ));