Peoples living in Mari El. Republic of Mari El. Background information about the Republic of Mari El

The capital of the Republic of Mari-El is the only city in Russia whose name begins with “and short”. But, unlike the letter, Yoshkar-Ola is a city with long history. And its collection of attractions is far from limited to linguistics alone!

1. The city was officially founded in 1584 under the name Tsarevokokshaisk. In the center of the Volga-Vyatka region, it became an outpost for strengthening royal power and pacification of rebellious uprisings local people. A settlement appeared next to the fortress, which gradually turned into a small provincial town. In the 19th century, Tsarevokokshaisk became one of the centers of political exile.

2. In the 20th century, the impetus for the development of the city (in 1919 it was renamed Krasnokokshaysk) was given by the evacuation of industrial enterprises here during the Great Patriotic War. Modern name- "red city" translated from Mari - Yoshkar-Ola received in 1928. Now 265 thousand people live here.
3. Main feature modern center of Yoshkar-Ola - an abundance of copies of the most famous architectural monuments.
4. From Moscow to Yoshkar-Ola in a straight line is about 650 kilometers. But residents of the Mari capital do not have to go to the capital of Russia! They can admire the “Kremlin” and “St. Basil’s Cathedral” at home.
5. The Annunciation Tower on the Square of the Republic and the Blessed Virgin Mary was opened in June 2011. Its height is 53 meters. 6. The hourly chimes of the Annunciation Tower can be heard for several kilometers, amplified by speakers - exact copy clock of the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin.
7. The heart of Yoshkar-Ola. At night it is especially impressive.
8. Four hundred meters from the Annunciation Tower, on the other bank of the Malaya Kokshaga River, is the Spasskaya Tower.
9. Spasskaya Tower. 10.
11. Cathedral of the Annunciation Holy Mother of God in Yoshkar-Ola was laid down on October 29, 2010. The main altar was consecrated by Patriarch Kirill on June 12, 2016. The architects used Moscow’s St. Basil’s Cathedral and St. Petersburg’s “Savior on Spilled Blood” as prototypes.
12. The cathedral is designed for two thousand people, its height is 74 meters. 13. Voskresenskaya embankment and the Square of the Republic and the Blessed Virgin Mary.
14. To the right of the Cathedral of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary is a view of the Arkhangelskaya Sloboda.
15. Arkhangelskaya Sloboda is a complex of two-story public buildings stylized as European antiquities.
16. Bruges embankment in the center of Yoshkar-Ola. Formed in November 2010. It was built in a single “Flemish” style, from which it got its name.
17. Characteristic feature style of the buildings of the Bruges Embankment - the closeness of the facades, the use of multi-colored bricks and an abundance of decorative elements.
18. The buildings on the Bruges Embankment house several republican ministries, a presidential boarding school for gifted children, a registry office, and other institutions. These houses are also used as housing.
19. Bruges embankment. (Imitation of architectural features northern Europe is gaining popularity throughout Russia. For example, recently in Novosibirsk on Geodesicheskaya Street a large shopping center was built in a similar style).
20.
21. Square named after Obolensky-Nogotkov. Named in honor of the first governor of Tsarevokokshaisk. Opened in 2007, the square is designed in the Venetian style. On it there is an equestrian statue of Prince-voevoda Ivan Andreevich Nogotkov-Obolensky, a monument to the Bishop of Mari Hieromartyr Leonid, as well as a copy of the Tsar Cannon. The buildings on the square are occupied by the National Art Gallery and the Forest Museum.
22. Mari National Puppet Theater. Was founded in 1942. A new building, stylized as a Bavarian castle, was opened on Patriarchal Square in September 2014.
23. Patriarchal Square with a monument to Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Rus'.
24. Chapel in the name of the holy faithful Prince Peter and Fevronia of Murom on Patriarchal Square.
25. This building on Patriarchal Square is famous for its “12 Apostles” clock. Every three hours during the day a real performance takes place here. From the gate with a semicircular arch visible in the photo to the right of the tower, a procession of bronze mechanized figures appears - Jesus Christ, accompanied by the apostles, moves through the gallery for 7 minutes.
26. Through the Resurrection pedestrian bridge over Malaya Kokshaga you can cross from Patriarchal Square to the Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ.
27. Hotel "Swallow's Nest" (right). On the opposite bank of the river - Orthodox Center Yoshkar-Ola. The organizations located there are engaged in spiritual, educational and charitable work. In particular, there is a rehabilitation center for children with disabilities.
28. Alexander Sergeevich has never been to Holland. But now, thanks to the efforts of architects and sculptors, this has happened! On the Amsterdam Embankment in Yoshkar-Ola there is a monument to Pushkin and Onegin (in the foreground). At a distance to the left is a monument to Rembrandt, in the building behind which the Union of Theater Workers of the Republic of Mari El works.
29. Amsterdam embankment. Monument to Rembrandt and the House of Creative Unions.
30. Voznesenskaya street and the Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ. The stone cathedral in Tsarevokokshaisk was built in 1759 at the expense of parishioners. In 1961, the original building was destroyed. The temple, restored on a historical site, was consecrated in 2010.
31. Chapel of the victims political repression. In front of it is a monument to Alexander Kotomkin-Savinsky (1885 - 1964), a poet, guslar player, playwright, and participant in the White movement, who was born in Tsarevokokshaysky district.
32. Church of the Holy Trinity. The first stone temple of Tsarevokokshaisk was built in 1736, in Soviet era fell into disrepair. At the end of the 20th century, the temple was restored in a new form.
33. The largest fountain in the city with a 6-meter bronze figure of the Archangel Gabriel in the Republic Square and the Blessed Virgin Mary. Opened in June 2011.
34. Academic Russian Drama Theater named after Georgiy Konstantinov (chief director of the theater in 1964-1994). The theater was founded in 1937, the modern building opened in 1984.
35. Voskresensky Avenue. In the foreground on the left is the Spasskaya Tower. On the right in the distance is the Mari El Arena athletics arena.
36. Year-round athletics arena "Arena Mari El". Delivered in February 2016. The height is 33 meters, the structure is designed for 4,300 spectators. Inside there is a football field with artificial turf and sectors for athletics.
37. State Archives of the Republic of Mari El and ANO "Business Incubator of the Republic of Mari El".
38. View of the right bank part of Chavaina Boulevard in Yoshkar-Ola. The boulevard is named after the Mari poet and playwright Sergei Chavain, who was arrested and executed in 1937.
39. Urban legend. Popularly nicknamed “Cologne” the building at the address: st. Eshkinina, 2 serves as a visible landmark for citizens and guests. The tallest (85 meters) building in Yoshkar-Ola and the tallest brick building in Europe. The 16-story building took 12 years to build (from 1978 to 1990). The first floor was supposed to be occupied by a library, in fact today - a registry office. They planned to place a restaurant on the observation deck. Equipment for its opening had already been delivered and installed, but a few days before the opening, a gang of juvenile delinquents tripled the pogrom in the premises. The premises at the top of the Cologne have since been used as offices. 40. Mari National Drama Theater. Bears the name of M. Shketan (pseudonym of the founder of Mari drama, Yakov Mayorov). The theater was created in November 1919 on the basis of a drama club. Opened in 1962, the building for 610 spectators has the status of an Object cultural heritage RF.
41. View of the Malaya Kokshaga River, Theater Bridge, Cathedral of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary (left) and the Spasskaya Tower (right).
42. Square of the Republic and the Blessed Virgin Mary.
43.

Geography

The Republic of Mari El is located in the east of the East European Plain in the middle part of the Volga River basin.
The Republic of Mari El is part of the Volga Federal District. In the north, north-east and east, Mari El borders with the Kirov region, in the south and south-east with the Republic of Tatarstan and the Republic of Chuvashia, in the west and north-west with the Nizhny Novgorod region. From south to north the republic extends for 150 km, and at its narrowest point for 60 km. The length of the borders exceeds 1200 km.
The western part of the left bank is occupied by the marshy Mari Lowland. In the west of the republic, the Volga receives major influx- Vetluga. To the east along the lowland flow the left tributaries of the Volga, originating on the southern slopes of the Vyatka ridges: Malaya Kokshaga with the tributaries Maly Kundysh and Bolshaya Oshla, Bolshaya Kokshaga with the tributary Bolshaya Kundysh, Rutka. There are many forest lakes in their valleys.
The eastern part of the territory is located within the Vyatskie ridges (height up to 275 m), here there are karst forms relief, the surface is dissected by river valleys and ravines. Among them are the rivers of the Vyatka basin: Nemda with its tributaries Lazh, Tolman, Shukshan and others, Bui, Urzhumka, Shoshma; left tributary of the Volga Ilet with tributaries Shora, Irovka and Yushut. The length of shipping routes within the waters of the republic is 335 km, incl. along the Volga River - 230 km, along the Vetluga River - 105 km. On the Volga within the republic there are the Cheboksary and Kuibyshev reservoirs.

Climate

The climate is moderate continental with a long, cold winter And warm summer. Average temperature in summer +18...20 °C. The most hot weather- in mid-July. The air warms up to +24...28 °C. In autumn the weather is cold and wet with a predominance of strong piercing winds and rain. Early frosts and snow are possible. November is the windiest month. Winter usually begins in November. The average winter temperature is −18...-19 °C. Most cold month- January. Spring is generally cool and dry.

Administrative-territorial structure

Mari El includes cities of republican subordination - 3 (Yoshkar-Ola, Volzhsk, Kozmodemyansk), cities of regional subordination - 1 (Zvenigovo), 14 districts (Kilemarsky, Sernursky, Medvedevsky, Volzhsky, Zvenigovsky, Novotoryalsky, Morkinsky, Orsha, Yurinsky, Paranginsky , Gornomariysky, Mari-Tureksky, Sovetsky, Kuzhenersky), 16 urban-type settlements, 1632 rural settlements.

Population

The permanent population of the Republic of Mari El (2006) is 711.54 thousand people, of which 47.5% are Russians, 42.9% are Mari, 6% are Tatars, 1% are Chuvash, 2.6% are others nationality. The average population density is very high - 30.5 people per 1 sq. km (with an average population density of Russian Federation 9 people per 1 sq. km). The most densely populated areas are Medvedevsky, Volzhsky, Sernursky, Paranginsky, Sovetsky and Novotoryalsky districts. The share of the urban population in the total population is 63.1%.

Flora and fauna

Mari El is located in the subtaiga zone. The soils are predominantly soddy-podzolic, marsh, and gray forest. Mixed forests (pine, fir, spruce, birch) occupy over 50% of the territory (mainly in the west and in central regions). By river valleys- oak-linden forests. The flora of the republic includes more than 1,400 plant species, more than 500 genera, 114 families. The Red Book of the Republic contains data on 107 species of rare and endangered plants. In the animal world there are wolves, brown bear, fox, elk, lynx, beaver, mole, etc. Hog and waterfowl.
On the territory of Mari El there are national park Mari Chodra, Bolshaya Kokshaga Nature Reserve. Mari Chodra is located in the Ilet River basin (the left tributary of the Volga). Area 36.6 thousand hectares. It covers part of the Mari-Vyatka shaft, divided into spherical hills (Klenovaya Gora, etc.). Many oxbow lakes contain healing mud.
The vegetation cover consists of coniferous-deciduous forests. In elevated areas, oak forests with maple, linden, and spruce are common; in the valleys - mixed forests from spruce, pine, linden, oak, maple, aspen, elm, as well as floodplain oak forests. There are pine forests with aspen, birch, and spruce. Small areas are occupied by lowland grass swamps. About 50 plant species are considered rare for the flora of the Mari Republic.
The most common animals are elk, squirrel, chipmunk, brown hare, weasel, ermine, polecat, pine marten, there is a beaver (reacclimatized), an otter. Among the grouse birds there are black grouse, capercaillie, hazel grouse, and among the diurnal birds there are buzzard, goshawk, black kite, and golden eagle flies. Mallards and teal nest on the lakes.

Economy

The main industries of the republic are: electric power industry, mechanical engineering and metalworking, forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper industries, food and fuel industries, their total share in the volume industrial production is 79.8%. The main industrial centers are the cities of Yoshkar-Ola, Volzhsk, Kozmodemyansk, Zvenigovo.
The leading branch of agriculture is livestock farming (dairy and meat and dairy cattle breeding, pig breeding, sheep breeding, poultry farming). They grow grains (barley, oats, rye, wheat) and forage crops, fiber flax, hops, vegetables, and potatoes.
Largest enterprises:
JSC "Mariykholodmash" - refrigeration equipment
Mari Pulp and Paper Mill
JSC "Marbiopharm" – medicines
CJSC NP "Plant" artificial leather» – polymer films, linoleum, artificial soft leather, fabric-based oilcloth
OJSC "Mari Oil Refinery"
OJSC "Volzhsky Woodworking Plant" - window blocks, tables, chairs, bookshelves, industrial wood, lumber

Minerals

Mari El has large reserves of building stone, expanded clay, brick and tile raw materials, carbonate rocks for soil liming, facing stone, peat, sapropel, mineral waters and dirt. Exploration for other minerals is underway. Main natural wealth The Republic of Mari El is a forest, total area The forest fund is more than 1200 thousand hectares or 57% of the territory of the republic.

Which have their own statehood. This entity, located in the European part of Russia, has had autonomy rights since Soviet times. This region is quite distinctive and is of interest for research in various fields. Let's take a closer look at what the Mari Republic and its population are like.

Territorial location

The republic is located in the east of the European part of the Russian Federation. In the north and west, this subject of the federation borders with the Nizhny Novgorod region, in the north and east - with the Kirov region, in the southeast - with Tatarstan, and in the south - with Chuvashia.

The Mari Republic is located in temperate climatic zone with a temperate continental climate.

The area of ​​the territory of this subject of the federation is 23.4 thousand square meters. km, which is the 72nd indicator among all regions of the country.

The capital of the Mari Republic is Yoshkar-Ola

Brief historical background

Now let's take a little look into the history of the Republic of Mari El.

Since ancient times, these territories were inhabited by Finno-Ugric tribes, which, in fact, are the titular nation of the republic. IN ancient Russian chronicles they were called Cheremis, although they called themselves Mari.

After the formation of the Golden Horde, the Mari tribes became part of it, and after the collapse of this state into parts they became tributaries. Due to the annexation of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible in 1552, the lands of the Mari became part of the Russian kingdom. Although the western Cheremis tribes accepted Russian citizenship even earlier and were baptized. After this, the history of the Mari is inextricably linked with the fate of Russia.

But some Mari tribes did not want to accept Russian citizenship so easily. Therefore, the period from 1552 to 1585 was marked by a series of Cheremis wars, the purpose of which was to force the Mari tribes to accept Russian citizenship. Eventually the Mari were subjugated and their rights were significantly limited. But in subsequent years they accepted active participation in various uprisings, for example, in the Pugachev uprising of 1775.

Meanwhile, the Mari began to adopt Russian culture. They developed their own writing system based on the Cyrillic alphabet, and after the opening of the Kazan Seminary, some representatives of this people were able to receive a good education.

After the Bolsheviks came to power in 1920, the Mari Republic was created. In 1936, on its basis, the Mari Autonomous Republic (MASSR) was formed. At the very end of the existence of the USSR, in 1990, it was transformed into the Mari SSR.

After the breakup Soviet Union and the formation of the Russian Federation, one of the subjects of this state became the Mari Republic, or, as it is otherwise called, the Republic of Mari-El. The constitution of this public education provides for equal use of these names.

Population of the republic

The population of the Mari Republic is at the moment is 685.9 thousand people. This is only the 66th result among all federal subjects of Russia.

The population density in the republic is 29.3 people/sq. km. For comparison: in the Nizhny Novgorod region this figure is 42.6 people/sq. km, in Chuvashia - 67.4 people/sq. km, and in Kirov region- 10.8 people/sq. km.

Despite the fact that the indigenous and state-forming people of Mari El are the Mari, at the moment they are not the most numerous ethnic group in the republic. Most of the population of this region is Russian. They make up 45.1% of total number residents of the federal subject. The Mari in the republic make up only 41.8%. The last census, in which the Mari outnumbered the Russians, was carried out in 1939.

Among other ethnic groups, the Tatars are the most numerous. Their number is 5.5% of total number residents in Mari El. In addition, Chuvash, Ukrainians, Udmurts, Belarusians, Mordovians, Armenians, Azerbaijanis and Germans live in the republic, but their numbers are significantly smaller than those of the three above-mentioned peoples.

Spread of religions

Quite a large number of different religions. At the same time, 48% consider themselves Orthodox Christians, 6% are Muslims and 6% are supporters of the ancient Mari pagan religion. Moreover, about 6% of the population are atheists.

In addition to the faiths listed above, there are Catholic communities in the region, as well as communities of various Protestant movements.

Administrative division

The Mari-El Republic consists of fourteen districts and three cities of regional subordination (Yoshkar-Ola, Volzhsk and Kozmodemyansk).

Most populated areas Mari Republic: Medvedevsky (67.1 thousand inhabitants), Venigovsky (42.5 thousand inhabitants), Sovetsky (29.6 thousand inhabitants), Morkinsky (29.0 thousand inhabitants). Geographically, the largest is the Kilemarsky district (3.3 thousand sq. km).

Yoshkar-Ola - the capital of Mari El

The capital of the Mari Republic is the city of Yoshkar-Ola. It is located approximately in the center of this region. Currently, it is home to about 265.0 thousand inhabitants with a population density of 2640.1 people/sq. km.

Among the nationalities, Russians predominate, and even more pronounced than in the republic as a whole. Their number is 68% of the total number of residents. The Mari following them have specific gravity in 24%, and Tatars - 4.3%.

The city was founded back in 1584 as a Russian military fortification. From its foundation until 1919 it was called Tsarevokokshaisk. In 1919, after the Bolshevik revolution, it was named Krasnokokshaysk. In 1927, it was decided to rename it Yoshkar-Ola, which is translated from Mari as “red city”.

Currently, Yoshkar-Ola is a relatively large regional center with developed infrastructure, industry and culture.

Other cities of the republic

The remaining cities of the Mari Republic are significantly smaller than Yoshkar-Ola. The largest of them, Volzhsk, has a population of 54.6 thousand inhabitants, which is almost five times less than in the capital of the republic.

Other cities in the region boast even smaller populations. Thus, 20.5 thousand people live in the city of Kozmodemyansk, 18.1 thousand people in Medvedevo, 11.5 thousand people in Zvenigovo, 10.4 thousand people in the town of Sovetsky.

Rest settlements republics have a population of less than 10,000 people.

Infrastructure of the republic

In comparison with other regions of Russia, the infrastructure of the Mari Republic, excluding the city of Yoshkar-Ola, cannot be called highly developed.

There is only one airport on the territory of the republic, located in its capital. In addition, the region has 2 bus stations and 51 bus stations. Rail transport represented by fourteen stations.

The houses of the Mari Republic are often made of wood. This material has been used for hundreds of years as it is ideal for these places. Fortunately, there is enough wood in the region. But at the same time, high-rise buildings and private houses are increasingly being built from modern building materials.

Since the beginning of this millennium, large-scale reconstruction work has been carried out in the capital of the republic, Yoshkar-Ola, aimed at restoring the cultural and architectural monuments of the city.

Economy of the Republic

Among the industrial sectors, metalworking and mechanical engineering are the most developed. There are also enterprises operating in the woodworking, textile and food industry. Almost all production is concentrated in the cities of Yoshkar-Ola and Volzhsk.

IN agriculture Animal husbandry is most developed, mainly cattle breeding and pig breeding. Crop farming specializes in growing the following crops: grains, flax, fodder crops, potatoes and other vegetables.

Tourism

The Mari Republic is famous for its enormous potential. Holidays in this region, of course, differ from the usual seaside resorts, but can bring no less, and perhaps even more pleasure. Clean air, with which the protected corners of this region are saturated, nothing can replace.

Of particular note are the lakes in the Mari Republic. There are a large number of them in the region, and they are of considerable interest to tourists. Particularly noteworthy is Lake Kulikovo near the city of Volzhsk.

For those tourists who prefer an organized holiday, recreation centers, children's camps and sanatoriums of the Mari Republic open their doors.

It is noteworthy that although the titular nation of Mari El is the Mari, the majority of the region's inhabitants are ethnic Russians.

Before the creation of the Mari Autonomous Region in 1920, the Mari did not have their own self-government, and the territory of the current Republic of Mari El was divided between several provinces.

Lives outside the Mari Republic larger number Mari than inside it.

General characteristics of the Mari Republic

Although the Mari Republic cannot be called an advanced industrial region of Russia, this region has enormous potential. Its main wealth is its hardworking people. Most of the region's inhabitants are ethnic Russians and Mari. The region is quite sparsely populated and has only one city, which can be called relatively large - the capital Yoshkar-Ola.

In addition to human potential, the Mari Republic is also known throughout Russia for its unique recreational resources. A healthy holiday in this region can cure large quantity diseases.

General information and history

Yoshkar-Ola, until 1919 - Tsarevokokshaysk, from 1919 to 1927 - Krasnokokshaysk, translated as “Red City”, is the capital of the Republic of Mari El.

Founded in 1584 by Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich as a military fortification.

Currently, Yoshkar-Ola is a large diversified cultural, industrial and scientific center Mari-El, as well as one of the centers of Finno-Ugric culture.

Some time later, after its founding, Tsarevokokshaysk ceased to be only a military city; it also began to develop as a trade and craft center.

In 1835, the first regular plan of the city was drawn up, according to which it gradually turned into the cultural, trade and economic center of the Mari region, with a population of only about two thousand people.

The city remained quiet and provincial until the 1920s.

During the Great Patriotic War A number of factories were evacuated to Yoshkar-Ola. This became the reason for its development in socio-economic and industrial terms.

Districts of Yoshkar-Ola

Yoshkar-Ola is a complex administrative-territorial unit. As the city grew, more than twenty nearby villages merged into it.

In 1973, Yoshkar-Ola was divided into Zavodskoy and Leninsky districts. They included urban areas and rural settlements. The Zavodskoy district included the Sidorovsky village council of the Medvedevsky district (center - the village of Nolka), Kokshaysky (the village of Kokshaysk and the suburban village council (subsequently abolished). Leninsky included Kuyarsky (the village of Kuyar), Solnechny (the village of Solnechny), Kundyshsky (the village . Silikatny) and Semenovsky village councils. This regional division was abolished in 1988, but rural settlements remained within the city limits for some time. An exception was made for the Semenovsky village council (Semyonovsky administration) with its center in the village of Semenovka and the village of Nolki.

Microdistricts: Berezovo, Alenkino, Bolshoye, Hospital, Eastern, Chigashevo, Dubki, Gomzovo, Zvezdny, Western, Komsomolsky, Integral, Mechanical Engineer, Leninsky, Youth, Peaceful, Nagorny, Myshino, Nikitkino, Orsha, Oktyabrsky, Coastal, Pre-factory, Sverdlova, Remzavod , Soviet, Northern, Sports, Szombathely, Central, Tarkhanovo, Chikhaidarovo, Chernovka, Yubileiny, Shiryaikovo, 1-9, 9a, 9b, 9c, 10.

IN urban district In addition to the city itself, it includes such settlements as: the village of Apshakbelyak, the village of Semyonovka, the village of Ignatievo, the village of Nolka, the village of Danilovo, the village of Savino, the village of Shoya-Kuznetsovo, the village of Akshubino, the village of Yakimovo, the village of Kelmakovo.

Population of Yoshkar-Ola for 2017 and 2018. Number of residents of Yoshkar-Ola

Data on the number of city residents are taken from federal service state statistics. The official website of the Rosstat service is www.gks.ru. The data was also taken from the unified interdepartmental information and statistical system, the official website of EMISS www.fedstat.ru. The website publishes data on the number of residents of Yoshkar-Ola. The table shows the distribution of the number of residents of Yoshkar-Ola by year; the graph below shows the demographic trend in different years.

Graph of population changes in Yoshkar-Ola:

The population of Yoshkar-Ola in 2015 was approximately 263.1 thousand people.

Yoshkar-Ola is 74th in population in the Russian Federation. The population is approximately 44% male and 55% female. 57.3% of the republic’s citizens and 36.5% of the total population live in the city. There are about 1,230 women per thousand men in the city, and 813 men per thousand women. The population density as of the beginning of 2009 is 2594.5 people per km².

In the same year, 2,979 children were born in the capital of Mari-El (which accounted for a third of all children in the republic) and, in addition, minimal mortality was noted.

The average age in the city as of January 2010 is 40.5 years, with women 42.9 years and men 37.6 years. It has grown by almost 4% since 2002.

Most of the migration to Mari El accounts for the exchange of residents of the capital of the republic and other regions and cities of this subject. During 2009, of all arriving migrants in this flow, Yoshkar-Ola accounted for 38.5%, and of the number of departing migrants - 34.2%.

Negative natural growth that has developed in the city in recent years, had an impact on the decrease in the number of inhabitants. This trend could not be stopped by positive migration that lasted until 2005.

Indicators for the demographic situation:
Infant mortality (deaths before the first year of life per thousand newborns) - 4.25 (2008)
Mortality of people of working age (per hundred thousand residents of working age) - 585 (2008)
Crude birth rate, per thousand population - 12.1 (2010)
Crude mortality rate, per thousand population - 13.4 (2010)
Number of marriages - 2332 (2011)
Number of divorces - 1088 (2011)
Natural population growth, people - 548 (2012)
Number of departures, people - 4605 (2012)
Number of arrivals, people - 8643 (2012)
Number of births, people - 3669 (2012)
Number of deaths, people - 3121 (2012)
Migration population growth, people - 4038 (2012)
Working age population (as a percentage of the total) - 63.3% (2012)
Population under working age (as a percentage of the total number) - 15.1% (2012)
Population over working age (as a percentage of the total number) - 21.6% (2012)

According to the 2010 census, representatives of more than 96 nations live in the city. Of these, Russians are in first place in terms of numbers (68%), Mari are in second (24%), and Tatars are in third (4.3%). Also in Yoshkar-Ola live Chuvash, Ukrainians, Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Mordovians, Belarusians, Uzbeks, Udmurts, Germans, Georgians, Jews, Chechens, Moldovans, Bashkirs, Lezgins, Avars, Greeks, Gypsies and so on.

Yoshkar-Ola city photo. Photo of Yoshkar-Ola

Information about the city of Yoshkar-Ola on Wikipedia:

Link to the Yoshkar-Ola website. You can get a lot of additional information by reading it on the official website of Yoshkar-Ola, official portal Yoshkar-Ola and the government.
Official website of Yoshkar-Ola

Map of the city of Yoshkar-Ola. Yoshkar-Ola Yandex maps

Created using the Yandex service People's Map (Yandex map), when zoomed out you can understand the location of Yoshkar-Ola on the map of Russia. Yoshkar-Ola Yandex maps. Interactive Yandex map of the city of Yoshkar-Ola with street names, as well as house numbers. The map has all the symbols of Yoshkar-Ola, it is convenient and not difficult to use.

On the page you can read some descriptions of Yoshkar-Ola. You can also see the location of the city of Yoshkar-Ola on the Yandex map. Detailed with descriptions and labels of all city objects.