Climatic conditions of the Baltic states. Clothing: what to take with you to Latvia

The climate of Latvia is relatively stable and fluctuates as you move to the west and north-west of the country from continental to softer maritime. A clear picture is observed: the closer to the Baltic Sea, the higher the air temperature. It should be noted that the Atlantic has a rather strong influence on the country’s climate. Frequent winds coming from there carry with them a considerable amount of precipitation - about 600-800 mm per year. Sadly, the country does not offer sunny days: almost 300 days a year the sky is overcast. The warmest and sunny month in the year - May.

The Latvian summer is very different in its temperature indicators from the generally accepted temperature indicators of Central and Western Europe. Yes, on larger territory Latvia average temperature in summer it does not exceed 20 degrees Celsius. It is worth considering the fact that summer is not only cool, but also quite rainy. Temperature above 25 degrees in summer period considered abnormally high.

Climate of Latvia by region

Formally, Latvia can be divided into three main regions: Central, Western and Eastern.

To the Central region This traditionally includes the capital of Latvia – Riga and the entire Riga region (Jurmala, Jelgava and 27 other regions). The climate in this region is very mild. Winter is surprisingly warm: the temperature is rarely below zero, and there is often a thaw and even above-zero temperatures. But the Gulf of Riga, nevertheless, is covered with a crust of ice.

In summer, the weather is quite favorable with variable cloudiness and a small amount precipitation: the thermometer rises to 18-20 degrees with a plus sign. Sometimes the weather pleasantly surprises and then the thermometer even rises to 25 degrees. The water on the Riga seaside cannot be called warm enough for swimming: it only reaches +18.

To the Western region includes Ventspils and Liepaja. The climate in this region is slightly warmer compared to the first. But, unlike Central, in Western region there are frequent winds and considerable amounts of precipitation in autumn- winter period. The Baltic Sea in this region is almost never covered with ice, and the water warms up to +18 degrees.

To the Eastern region include Daugavpils, Rezekne. Here there is a pronounced continental climate . In winter, frosts are a frequent occurrence here and almost throughout the entire winter there is a thick snow cover on the surface of the earth. But summer in the Eastern region pleases with frequent sunny days and almost complete absence rains.

Tourist seasons in the country

In Latvia there are 4 pronounced tourist season according to the seasons: Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn.

Winter in Latvia almost snowless, but traditionally it begins by the end of January high season on ski resorts Latvia - Madonna and Sigulda. And it lasts until the end of February.

Special mention should be made winter holidays. As throughout Europe, as well as in post-Soviet space, celebrated noisily and cheerfully in Latvia New Year and Christmas: in Riga and Jurmala, there are festively decorated Christmas trees on almost every street, beautiful garlands hang everywhere, holiday fairs open, etc.

If you want to cheer up on New Year's Eve and get a boost of energy, joy and fun without unnecessary portions of alcohol, you can safely go to the capital of Latvia. There you will find a beautiful winter city with medieval castles, cozy small taverns with delicious food and fireplaces, magnificent fireworks at midnight and snow-covered romantic streets.

Advice. Almost the entire winter period in Latvia is a time for Christmas discounts in stores. By the way, many of them work even on the night of December 31st until the clock strikes midnight.

Spring- it's time for flowers, warm days and a lot of sunshine. Like in Russia, Latvia celebrates, albeit unofficially, the holiday of March 8th. On this day, men delight the fair half of humanity with flowers, gifts, shows, concerts, etc.

The end of April - the beginning of May is not yet beach season, but the weather is already quite consistently warm, but prices in stores and hotels are “winter-style” low. Therefore, the month of May can be considered the most successful time to travel to the country. Moreover, you can get to one of the holidays celebrated on a grand scale in Latvia - May 1 or May 4 (Independence Day).

Summer– traditionally swimming season and holiday time summer solstice(Ligo), celebrated June 23-24. On these (officially) weekends, local residents, actively joined by tourists, go out into the countryside for barbecues, weave wreaths from oak branches and wildflowers, and sing Latvian folk songs. The traditional holiday dish is cheese with cumin, served with beer.

The beach season on river and lake coasts begins immediately after the end of the Ligo holiday. By this time the weather is pleasantly warm and sunny. On sea coast the season starts a little later - by mid-July, when the water heats up to its peak - 23 degrees plus.

Latvian autumn“Pushkin style” is beautiful: warm, long, golden. “Indian summer” lasts here for an unusually long time - right up to the end of October. And for tourists, this period is good because from the beginning of October prices in hotels, spa complexes and other establishments providing tourism services. For lovers of long walks (and not only) local travel companies offer luxurious excursion country tours that will allow you to fully enjoy the beautiful autumn views and bask in the pleasant summer sun.

Clothing: what to take with you to Latvia

Since Latvia is a country with a rather changeable climate, you should make sure you have the necessary things in your suitcase. If you are planning a trip in winter, it is not necessary to stock up on very warm clothes, since winter, as you already know, is mild in the country. A warm down jacket and comfortable warm shoes will be enough. When traveling in the summer, be sure to take at least one windbreaker and an umbrella with you, otherwise a sudden summer (and rather cool) evening rain may take you by surprise.

When traveling to the coast, be sure to bring a large beach towel and beach slippers. It is also advisable to stock up on at least a couple of swimsuits, since in the Latvian climate one simply will not dry out by the next day.

Latvia is a country with a moderate pace of life and reserved, but very friendly Latvians. It is important to know what language the locals speak. Latvians speak Russian fluently. You can also communicate with them in English without any problems. But when traveling to the Latvian outback, it’s worth stocking up on a dictionary.

Those who like to spend large number time in boutiques of clothes, shoes, etc. But in local markets and small shops you can buy clothes from the “eco-standard” series, made entirely from natural materials: linen, yarn and hand-made leather of excellent quality.

Among Latvian souvenirs, the undoubted “leader” is high-quality products made from the “sun stone” - amber. But be very careful: untreated amber is prohibited from being exported outside the Republic of Latvia.

Feature national cuisine is the simplicity and at the same time unusualness of the dishes, which, nevertheless, will surprise you with their taste. Tourists who have visited Latvia especially note such dishes as putra (porridge with fish), klops (steak with onion sauce), etc. While in Latvia, be sure to try at least one of the local cheeses, bread ice cream, and for drinks - the famous Riga balm and beer.

Weather in Latvia by month

Winter in Latvia

In December winter has not yet fully entered into its force. The temperature often fluctuates around 0 degrees. But the air humidity this month is the highest of the year - about 90%.

In January the biggest “minus” is observed: about 5-7 degrees below zero, accompanied by a rather unpleasant and strong wind. Moreover, in to a greater extent, this applies to the mountainous regions of the country. By the middle of the month there is already snow in the country.

In February winter still pleases with a white “fluffy carpet” of snow, but the temperature is gradually rising above zero and fog appears.

Spring in Latvia

In March, the winter cold still makes itself felt, but the humidity level gradually drops. Snow is observed almost nowhere (except in mountain resorts). The average air temperature is about 3-4 degrees plus.

In April, the cold recedes very quickly and stably warm and dry weather sets in (about +10 degrees).

In May, the air temperature rises to +15+18 degrees. I can feel summer approaching. The humidity level is the lowest for the entire year.

Summer in Latvia

Average temperature June– 18 degrees Celsius. The weather is practically no different from May, with the exception of warmer river and lake water (+15+16 degrees).

In July The weather remains consistently dry, with only occasional short but heavy rains. The average air temperature is about 20 degrees plus.

The peak of the summer season in Latvia is considered August, since the air can warm up to 20-23 degrees Celsius, as can water (even sea water). Rain is a fairly common occurrence.

Autumn in Latvia

September-October- it's time " Indian summer" During this period there is a stable warm weather with rare but heavy rains. The average air temperature is about 15-20 degrees Celsius.

In November the air temperature begins to rapidly approach zero. Air humidity rises sharply. The weather becomes very damp and dank.

Weather in cities and resorts by month

Riga

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Average maximum, °C	-2	-2	3	10	16	20	22	21	16	10	4	0
Average minimum, °C	-8	-8	-5	1	6	10	12	12	8	4	-1	-4

Climate of Latvia. The general zonal features of Latvia's climate are determined by its position in the subzone mixed forests. The influence of Atlantic Ocean, which in the west of the country is enhanced by the direct influence of the Baltic Sea. The climate of the country is soft, transitional from marine to continental, with a clear predominance of marine air masses and high frequency of cyclones. The cold period in Latvia is characterized by increased cloudiness, frequent precipitation and increased wind speed. Stable frosts occur in mid-December in Western and Central Latvia, and in early December in Eastern Latvia. The average monthly temperature in January ranges from -3"C on the coast to -7"C in Eastern Latvia. Summer in Latvia is relatively cool, especially at higher elevations and on the coast. The average temperature of the warmest month - July - is about 17 "C, absolute maximum temperatures air -33-36 "C. In summer it often rains, and the monthly amount of precipitation ranges from 70 to 100 mm.

climate in latvia
Climate of Latvia belongs to the Cfb type characteristic of Europe according to the Köppen classification (humid maritime climate with short, dry summers).

1 Seasons and regions
2 Air temperature
3 Humidity
4 Wind and sun
5 Notes
6 Literature

Seasons and regions

Winter in Valmiera End of spring on the island of Doles Summer in Subata Autumn in Ventspils

Latvia has four distinct seasons.

Winter - from mid-December to early March (temperatures from +5 to −30). Latvian winters are mild, snowy and foggy; snow lies for more than 80 days a year, the ground freezes to 20-60 cm. More than half of the waters of the Latvian rivers Daugava, Venta, Lielupe and Musa are melted snow.

Spring - from March to early June (from 0 to +15). Spring is a dry and relatively cool season, the growing season begins in April.

Summer - from June to September (average about +19). In summer, short periods of heat up to +30 are possible.

Autumn - from September to mid-December (from +10 to 0).

Despite the absence large forms relief, in Latvia there are four climatic zones, roughly coinciding with historical and cultural regions:

sea coast and Zemgale: relatively dry and warm climate(600 mm of precipitation, from −3 to +16.5 °C), occupies 25% of the country’s territory;
Latgale: higher humidity, cold winters (700 mm, −7 to +17 °C), 28% of the territory;
Vidzeme: high humidity, coldest climate (700-850 mm, −7 to +16.5 °C), 30% of the territory;
Kurzeme: mild climate with average humidity (700-850 mm, from −4 to +16.5), 17% of the territory.

Air temperature

Climatogram of Liepaja 2012
I	F	M	A	M	AND	AND	A	WITH	ABOUT	N	D
91.5 7.1 -15.1	60.5 6.5 -24.7	19.8 10.0 -10.3	27.8 20.9 -6.2	55.1 27.6 0.2	36.7 24.2 4.1	74.2 31.5 9.1	55.0 25.5 7.7	98.5 23.1 6.6	145.1 16.9 -3.9	71.3 9.7 -0.7	92.2 5.7 -16.4
Temperature in °C Total precipitation in mm Source: Latvian Meteorological Center

The average annual temperature is +5.9 °C, the maximum recorded air temperature is 36 degrees Celsius, the minimum is 43 degrees below zero. The average temperature in January ranges from −0.5 to −5 °C, in July it reaches 17.5-18.5 degrees.

Latvia is affected global warming: for the 20th century average annual temperature air increased by a degree, and the temperature in Riga - by 1.8 degrees. The country signed the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in June 1992 and ratified it three years later.

Humidity

Due to the proximity of the Baltic Sea, the air is usually humid, the weather is often windy, and fog is common in winter. The average annual humidity is 81%, in May it drops to 71%, and in November and December it rises to 88%. About 600-700 mm of precipitation falls annually, in particular, heavy snowfalls occur in winter, and heavy rains in summer and autumn. Almost three-quarters of the rains occur between April and October. High humidity makes it necessary to artificially drain soils for agriculture, since more than 90% of soils suitable for agriculture have excess water.

Wind and sun

Winds predominantly blow from the south, southwest and west; the windiest months are November, December and January ( average speed wind 4 m/s). The highest recorded wind speed is 30 m/s with gusts up to 48 m/s.

There are about 1790 hours of sunshine per year, from May to August the sun shines 8-10 hours a day, and late autumn- 2-3 hours.

Notes

1 2 weatheronline.
1 2 3 4 Latvia Travel.
1 2 3 Latvia Country Study Guide, 2012, p. 32.
1 2 3 4 5 UN.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 LEGMC.
1 2 3 Philander, 2012, p. 853.
Philander, 2012, p. 852.

Literature

Latvia (English). WeatherOnline. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
Weather in Latvia (English). Investment and Development Agency of Latvia. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
Climate of Latvia (English). Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
Alexander Adamovich. Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profiles. Latvia (English). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2005). Retrieved May 10, 2016.
Philander S.G. Encyclopedia of Global Warming and Climate Change, Second Edition. - SAGE Publications, 2012. - pp. 852-853. - (Encyclopedia of Global Warming&Climate Change). - ISBN 9781412992626.
USA IBP. Latvia Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments. - International Business Publications USA, 2012. - P. 32. - ISBN 9781438774817.

Geography of Latvia
Lithosphere	Islands of Latvia Mountains of Latvia (Gaizinkalns) Caves of Latvia Extreme points Latvia Plains of Latvia
Hydrosphere	Baltic Sea Gulf of Riga Rivers of Latvia Lakes of Latvia Reservoirs of Latvia Canals of Latvia Waterfalls of Latvia
Atmosphere	Climate of Latvia
Biosphere	Nature reserves of Latvia National parks Latvia Nature reserves of Latvia Flora of Latvia Fauna of Latvia
Anthroposphere	Ecology (Red Book) Administrative division Capital City Time

Latvia

The Republic of Latvia is located in the northern part of Europe, neighboring the other Baltic countries. The area of the territory occupies 64.6 km2. Washed in the west Baltic Sea, and in the north - by the waters of the Gulf of Riga. The capital of Latvia is located on the banks of the Daugava River. In addition to the Daugava, the country has 700 rivers flowing into the Baltic Sea and 3 thousand lakes, most of which are of glacial origin. 10% of the territory was occupied by swamps.

The relief of Latvia is represented by plains with hills up to 200 m above sea level. The Baltic Lowland stretches along the coast. Plateaus and hills are found in the northeast (Vidzeme with the highest point of 311.6 m), southeast (Latgale) and west (Kurzeme).

The climate of Latvia is humid and maritime. Characterized by short and dry summers. Despite the flat terrain with low plateaus, Latvia has four climatic zones, each of which has its own characteristics. The average wind speed reaches 4 m/s, with occasional gusts of up to 30 m/s. 600-700 mm of precipitation falls annually. Air humidity averages 82%.
The best time to travel to this country is considered to be from May to September. The cities of Riga (in the center), Jurmala (in the center, on the seashore), Daugavpils (southeast), Cesis (northeast), Saldus (southwest), Kuldiga (northwest) are popular among tourists. To determine your travel date, please pay attention to weather conditions in Latvia by month.

Weather in Latvia in January

The average January air temperature during the day in the capital ranges from -1.1°C to +2°C; at night the thermometer drops to -2.3°C. Frosts down to -14°C are recorded. It is colder in the west of Latvia. The average daily temperature range here is -3°С…-20°С. The country will receive 37-40 mm of precipitation per month. Wind gusts reach 4 m/s. January has the fewest hours of sunshine per day. The water temperature in the sea is zero.

Weather in Latvia in February

In February in Riga, the average daytime temperature reaches -1.3°C, and at night - about -4.2°C. In Daugavpils and Cesis (east), the thermometer shows -2.9°C and -6.1°C, respectively. In February, 25-40 mm of precipitation falls. In the southeast, this is the driest time of the year, with 29 mm of precipitation recorded per month. The speed of air masses reaches 4.5 m/s. The water temperature in the sea remains at zero.

Weather in Latvia in March

With the exception of the southeast, March in Latvia is dry. The average monthly precipitation does not exceed 30 mm, and in Daugavpils (southeast) - 32 mm. With the onset of spring, the air temperature rises from -1°C to +3°C, and in the northeast - from +1°C to +3°C. The wind speed is the same as before winter months- 4.5 m/s. Sea water does not warm up above +0.8°C.

Weather in Latvia in April

In April in Latvia, during daylight hours the air temperature fluctuates within +8°C; at night the air does not cool below zero, on average +2°C. The water temperature in the sea also rises - up to +3.7°C. There are 4 rainy days recorded in the month; snowfall is no longer observed in April. The amount of precipitation is 43.6 mm. Wind gusts - up to 4 m/s.

Weather in Latvia in May

In May, the air in the capital of Latvia warms up to +10°C, and by the end of the month the thermometer reaches +20°C. The night temperature range is within +5°С…+15°С. The average sea water temperature ranges from +8°C to +13°C. The amount of precipitation increases: up to 54 mm falls in Riga, and up to 42 mm in Kuldiga. May is the windiest month of the year. Wind speed varies depending on the region - 3.4-3.8 m/s.

Weather in Latvia in June

At the beginning of summer, the average daytime temperature is +19°C; on some days the thermometer reaches +30°C. At night, the indicators drop to +13°С…+23°С. The water in the sea warms up to 15-16°C above zero. In June, rainfall across the country averages 52 mm. Gusts of air masses reach 4 m/s.

Weather in Latvia in July

In July, during daylight hours the air temperature is at +23°C, with jumps up to +28°C recorded in places. At night the thermometer drops by 7-8 marks. The water temperature in the Gulf of Riga and the Baltic Sea ranges from +17°C to +21°C. July is the rainiest month of the year. In the capital, 79.2 mm of precipitation is recorded, in the south - 63 mm. Wind speed reaches 4 m/s.

Weather in Latvia in August

In August, the average air temperature is +21°С…+22°С during the day, and at night - up to +12°С…+14°С. In the northeast of the country it is cooler; daily thermometer readings do not exceed +20.5°C. The water temperature in the sea reaches +18°C. In August, 62 mm of precipitation is recorded, with variations from 58 mm to 65 mm depending on the region. Wind speed - 4.1 m/s.

Weather in Latvia in September

With the onset of autumn, weather conditions in Latvia do not change significantly. The temperature in the country ranges from +16°C to +21°C during the daytime. And at night the indicators range from +8°C to +11.3°C. The water temperature drops to +17°C. On average, 52 mm of precipitation is recorded in September. Wind speed is still 4.0-4.1 m/s.

Weather in Latvia in October

In October, the air temperature drops sharply. In the capital and in the west during the day the thermometer shows +8°С…+10°С, at night the column drops to +5°С. In the east at this time the thermometer does not rise above +8°C, and at night the temperature fluctuates between +2°C...+3°C. The water temperature drops to +10°C. There is little precipitation this month, up to 42 mm. The wind speed increases, reaching 4.6 m/s.

Weather in Latvia in November

In November in Latvia, the daytime air temperature no longer rises above +5°C. At night the thermometer shows +2°С…+3°С. In the east, temperatures drop to sub-zero temperatures. Wind speed continues to increase, 4.7 m/s. There will be 36-40 mm of precipitation in the month. The water temperature in the sea cools down to +4°С…+6°С.

Weather in Latvia in December

In the capital of Latvia in December, the daytime air temperature is +1°C; at night the temperature drops below zero. 37 mm of precipitation is recorded. In the east of the country, cages in the form of snow are increasingly being observed. The water temperature in the sea reaches +4°C. December is the windiest month in Latvia with gusts exceeding 5.5 m/s.

Geographical features

The Baltic states are territories that unite Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia and have access to the Baltic Sea, the Curonian, Kaliningrad, Finnish and Riga Gulfs. The Baltic states are located in the west of the East European Plain. In the east it borders with the Valdai Upland, in the west with the Central European Plain, and in the south and southeast with the Polesie Lowland.

IN coastline the southeastern territories are distinguished by the largest elements: the Courland Peninsula, the Sambian Peninsula, Curonian Spit, Vistula Spit, Estonian Peninsula, Gulf of Riga, Kurgalsky Peninsula, Narva Bay.

When approaching the sea in the area of the Sambian Peninsula, the hills end with cliffs - steep, high ledges. Their height reaches 60 meters. To the northeast is the Polesie Lowland.

The coastline of different Baltic territories has its own characteristics. The Curonian Spit is the largest spit of the Baltic Sea (length about 98 km), characterized by high sand dunes (height 64-68 m).

The Lithuanian coastline is characterized by low, gentle hills and dunes. In the lower reaches of the Neman, the shore of the Lower Neman Lowland is swampy.

The coastline of Latvia is slightly indented. The exception is the deep inner bend of the Gulf of Riga, which is closed from the sea by the islands of the Moonsund archipelago and the Kurzeme Peninsula. The shores are low with sandy beaches and dunes.

Estonia is a Baltic island state. On the Latvian side, the coast is low, strongly indented in the north-west direction by bays and gulfs: Tallinn Bay, Pärnu Bay, Kolga, Hara, Matsalu, Lakhepere bays, etc. The northern shores end abruptly with ledges - klints.

The West Estonian archipelago consists of more than 500 islands washed by the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Riga. The shores are heavily indented, the surface of the islands is flat and low-lying.

The Baltic ridge, Samogitian, Kurzeme, Latgale, Chania, Sakala and some others extend through the Baltic countries. The Baltic lowlands: Samogitian, Central Lithuanian, Primorsky, etc.

The contours of the Baltic almost completely coincide with the boundaries of the Baltic artesian basin, located in the north-west of the East European Platform and covering the territories of Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, part of Belarus and Russia.

Estonia is rich in mineral and hydrogen sulfide waters (Birstonas, Druskininkai, Baldone, Kemeri).

All Baltic rivers belong to the Baltic Sea basin. Lakes (southern areas) and swamps ( northern regions) The Baltic states occupy depressions of glacial landscapes. Lakes Peipus and Pskov are eastern border northern territories Baltic states and communicate with the sea through the Narova. To the most large rivers include: Western Dvina, Neman, Venta, Pregolya, Lielupe, Gauja.

Features of the Baltic climate

The average annual temperature is +5.9 ºС. The maximum recorded air temperature is +37.8 ºС, minimum temperature was -43 ºС. Average temperature fluctuations in January range from -0.5 ºС to -5 ºС, and in July – from +17.5 ºС to +18.5 ºС.

Note 1

The Baltics are affected by global warming. Over the past hundred years, the average annual temperature has increased by more than one degree.

The Baltic Sea has significant influence for humidity. The average annual humidity is 81%. Fogs and heavy snowfalls are common in winter, and torrential rains in autumn and summer. The average annual precipitation is 600-700 mm. Most precipitation falls between April and October.

In winter, the wind often blows from the west, southwest and south. The highest recorded wind speed is 30 m/s with gusts up to 48 m/s.

The number of sunny hours per year is about 1800. In late spring and summer, the sun shines for 8-10 hours a day, in late autumn - 2-3 hours.

Climatic conditions in individual Baltic countries have some differences.

Climatic features of Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia

The climate of Lithuania is mild; as you move inland, it changes from maritime (on the coast) to continental (in the eastern regions).

The average winter temperature on the coast is -1.6 ºС, in summer - + 17.8 ºС.

Lithuania average annual precipitation varies greatly in coastal areas - 717 mm and in eastern territories- 490 mm. The growing season lasts from 202 days (in the west) to 169 days (in the east).

There are four distinct seasons in Latvia:

Winter. Lasts from early December to March. Temperatures range from +5 ºС to -30 ºС. The weather is foggy, mild, snowy. The ground freezes to 20-60 cm, snow remains for up to 80 days. More than half of the waters of the Latvian rivers Venta, Daugava, Musa, and Lielupe are melt water.
Spring. March – early June. The temperature ranges from 0 ºС to +15 ºС. The weather is dry and relatively cool. The growing season begins in April.
Summer. June-August. The average temperature is about +19 ºС, short-term rises to +30 ºС are possible.
Autumn. September – mid-December. The temperature ranges from +10 ºС to 0 ºС.

The following climatic zones are distinguished in Latvia:

sea coast, Zemgale – warm, relatively dry climate, average temperature in winter is -3 ºС, in summer - +18 ºС; precipitation falls up to 600 mm;
Latgale – winter is cold, the average temperature in winter is -5ºС, in summer - +17.5ºС; large amounts of precipitation - up to 700 mm;
Vidzeme – the coldest climatic conditions, high humidity, average temperature in winter is -7 ºС, in summer - +16.5 ºС; there is a lot of precipitation (700-850 mm);
Kurzeme – mild climatic conditions, average humidity, average temperature in winter is -4 ºС, in summer - +17.5 ºС; annual precipitation is 700-850 mm.

Estonia is in temperate zone, from the west and north it is washed by the Baltic Sea. Atlantic cyclones have a huge impact on climatic conditions. Thanks to the Gulf Stream, winters are warmer than in mainland areas. Summer is relatively cool. Most cold month– February, the warmest – July. Cloudy and cloudy weather prevails throughout the territory.

The average annual temperature over the past 20 years has ranged from +4.9 ºС to +7.1 ºС. The coldest month is February. During this period, the average temperature on the islands is -1.8 ºС, on the mainland - -6.0 ºС. Most warm month- July. The average daily temperature in July is +17 ºС.

The average annual precipitation in Estonia ranges from 535 mm (Kihnu Island) to 727 mm (Kuusiku). Relative humidity high – 81%.