Explanation of the dependence of the location of large ones. Explanation of the dependence of the location of large landforms and mineral deposits on the structure of the earth's crust

Today I will compose comparative characteristics the main geoparameters of the largest Russian plains - West Siberian and Russian, and will also try to identify the patterns of the location of their relief forms and the occurrence of minerals from the structures of the crust of our planet.

Relief, geological structure and minerals of the Russian Plain

The Russian Plain is located in the northeastern region Eastern Europe, from the coast of the Caspian and Azov to the cold northern seas Barentsev and Bely. Its territory is outlined:

from the west by the Vistula River;
from the northwest by the Scandinavian ridge;
from the southeast and southwest, respectively, by the Caucasus and the European mountains.

The plain is located on the plate of the same name of the Precambrian era (age more than 540 million years), average, maximum and minimum height are 170, 470 and -28 meters respectively (the last indicator is the Caspian coast).

Almost all forms of relief are of tectonic origin. In the direction from north to south, a sharp alternation of large hills gives way to prevailing lowlands. Vast wetlands are rich in peat, and extensive deposits have been found in the mountains coal. The soil is very fertile.

Due to its length, the Russian Plain is susceptible to hurricanes and droughts, especially in the southern part (every third year there is abnormally low humidity).

West Siberian Plain, its geology and minerals

This plain is located in Asia, in its northern part; its territory is outlined:

Kazakh small hills in the south;
coast Kara Sea in the north;
Mountain Shoria and Altai in the southeast.

The plain is located on the folded West Siberian plate, formed in the Paleozoic era, that is, immediately after the Precambrian. The origin is also tectonic. Average height- about 150 meters, in the south and west - up to 250-300.

Since on West Siberian Plain Since the terrain is mainly lowland, it is natural that gas, oil and peat deposits will form here (about 50% of Russia's reserves).

Hurricanes are also common here, especially in coastal areas.

Question: Please help me with practical work!! location dependency explanation large forms relief and mineral deposits from the structure of the earth's crust. Make a comparative description of the relief, geological structure and mineral resources of the Russian and West Siberian plains, using the following plan: where is the territory located; what tectonic structure is it confined to; rocks of what age make up the territory; average, minimum and maximum heights territories; the reasons for their placement; what external processes participated and are participating in the formation of the relief; what forms of relief were created by one or another process; their placement; what minerals are there in this territory; how to explain their presence here; what natural phenomena associated with the features of the relief, as well as with the tectonic and geological structure; possible measures to combat them.

Please help me with practical work!! explanation of the dependence of the location of large landforms and mineral deposits on the structure of the earth's crust. Make a comparative description of the relief, geological structure and mineral resources of the Russian and West Siberian plains, using the following plan: where is the territory located; what tectonic structure is it confined to; rocks of what age make up the territory; average, minimum and maximum heights of the territory; reasons for their placement; what external processes participated and are participating in the formation of the relief; what forms of relief were created by one or another process; their placement; what minerals there are in a given territory; how to explain their presence here; what natural phenomena are associated with the relief features, as well as with the tectonic and geological structure; possible measures to combat them.

Answers:

Russian Plain (East European) a) Relief: Gently flat relief prevails almost throughout its entire length. b) Geological structure: The plain is located on the West Siberian plate, which explains its flat relief. c) Minerals: Iron ores. Western -Siberian Plaina) Relief: The plain has an extremely flat topography with heights of no more than 100 m above sea level. b) Geological structure: At the base of the plain lies the West Siberian Plate. c) Minerals: Iron ore, nickel, coal, chromites, bauxites ,cobalt.

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Practical work № 3

Subject:“Explanation of the dependence of the location of large landforms and mineral deposits on the structure of the earth’s crust using the example of individual territories.”
Objectives: establish the relationship between the location of large landforms and the structure of the earth’s crust; test and evaluate the ability to compare maps and explain identified patterns; Using a tectonic map, determine the patterns of distribution of igneous and sedimentary minerals; explain the identified patterns.

^ Work progress

1. After comparing the physical and tectonic maps of the atlas, determine which tectonic structures the indicated landforms correspond to. Draw a conclusion about the dependence of relief on the structure of the earth's crust. Explain the identified pattern.

2. Present the results of your work in the form of a table.

Landforms	Prevailing altitudes	Tectonic structures underlying the territory	Conclusion about the dependence of relief on the structure of the earth's crust
East European Plain
Central Russian Upland
West Siberian Lowland
Caucasus
Ural Mountains
Verkhoyansk ridge
Sikhote-Alin

3. According to the map of the atlas “Tectonics and mineral resources“Determine what mineral resources the territory of our country is rich in.

4. How are the types of igneous and metamorphic deposits indicated on the map? Sedimentary?

5. Which of them are found on platforms? What minerals (igneous or sedimentary) are confined to the sedimentary cover? What are the protrusions of the crystalline foundation of ancient platforms onto the surface (shields and massifs)?

6. What types of deposits (igneous or sedimentary) are confined to folded areas?

7. Present the results of the analysis in the form of a table and draw a conclusion about the established relationship.

^ Practical work No. 4

Subject:“Determination from maps of distribution patterns solar radiation, radiation balance. Identification of features of the distribution of average temperatures in January and July, annual precipitation throughout the country.”
^ Objectives of the work: determine distribution patterns total radiation, explain the identified patterns; study the distribution of temperatures and precipitation throughout the territory of our country, learn to explain the reasons for such distribution; learn to work with different climate maps, draw generalizations and conclusions based on their analysis.
^ Work progress

Look at Figure 31 on page 59 in your textbook. How are the total solar radiation values shown on the map? In what units is it measured?
Determine the total radiation for points located at different latitudes. Present the results of your work in the form of a table.

Conclude what pattern is visible in the distribution of total radiation. Explain your results.
Look at Figure 35 on page 64 of the textbook. How is the distribution of January temperatures across the territory of our country shown? How are the January isotherms in the European and Asian parts of Russia? Where are the territories with the most high temperatures January? The lowest? Where is the pole of cold in our country?
Draw a conclusion which of the main climate-forming factors has the most significant influence on the distribution of January temperatures. Write a brief summary in your notebook.
Look at Figure 36 on page 65 in your textbook. How is the distribution of air temperatures in July shown? Determine which areas of the country have the lowest July temperatures and which have the highest. What are they equal to?
Conclude which of the main climate-forming factors has the most significant impact on the distribution of July temperatures. Write a brief summary in your notebook.
Look at Figure 37 on page 66 of the textbook. How is the amount of precipitation shown? Where does the most rainfall occur? Where is the least?
Conclude which climate-forming factors have the most significant impact on the distribution of precipitation throughout the country. Write a brief summary in your notebook.

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Practical work No. 3.

Subject: Explanation of the dependence of the location of large landforms and mineral deposits on the structure of the earth's crust using the example of individual territories.

Objectives:

1. Establish the relationship between the location of large landforms and the structure of the earth’s crust.

2. Check and evaluate the ability to compare cards and explain the identified patterns.

3. Using a tectonic map, determine the patterns of distribution of igneous and sedimentary minerals.

4. Explain the identified patterns.

Work sequence

2. Present the results of your work in the form of a table.

Landforms	Prevailing altitudes	Tectonic structures underlying the territory	Conclusion about the dependence of relief on the structure of the earth's crust
OPTION 1
East European Plain
Central Russian Upland
Khibiny Mountains
OPTION 2
West Siberian Lowland
Caucasus
Ural Mountains
OPTION 3
Altai
Sayan Mountains
Verkhoyansk ridge
OPTION 4
Chersky Ridge
Sikhote-Alin
Sredinny ridge

1. Using the map of the atlas “Tectonics and Mineral Resources”, determine what minerals the territory of our country is rich in.

2. How are the types of igneous and metamorphic deposits indicated on the map? Sedimentary?

3. Which of them are found on platforms? What minerals (igneous or sedimentary) are confined to the sedimentary cover? What are the protrusions of the crystalline foundation of ancient platforms onto the surface (shields and massifs)?

4. What types of deposits (igneous or sedimentary) are confined to folded areas?

5. Present the results of the analysis in the form of a table and draw a conclusion about the established relationship.

Relief - a set of irregularities earth's surface. The largest landforms on land are mountains and plains.
Central Russia is the central region of the East European (Russian) Plain. Western Siberia - the largest plain in the world - stretches from the Kara Sea to the northern slopes of the Kazakh small hills. Thus, both regions are plains, but different in size.
Nature of the relief Central Russia And Western Siberia different. Western Siberia is a flat plain, on which only the Siberian Uvaly stands out in height, stretching from west to east. In the south of Western Siberia there are flat Vasyugan and Ishim plains. In general, Western Siberia is lower than Central Russia. The relief of Central Russia is more diverse. In the west there are low hills - Valdai,
Central Russian, Smolensk Moscow, in the east - lowlands (Verkhnevolzhskaya, Meshcher ekaya). River valleys have been developed. Central Russia is higher than Western Siberia, the terrain is more rugged.
The similarities and differences in the relief of Western Siberia and Central Russia are due to relief formation processes. The flatness of the relief of both territories is due to the fact that they are based on platforms - relatively stable tectonic structures. Central Russia, located within the East European Plain, is based on the ancient Russian Platform, and Western Siberia is based on the young West Siberian Platform. The foundation of the West Siberian Platform is covered with a thick layer of sediments. The foundation of the Russian Platform is located at different depths from the surface, and is elevated in places, which is reflected in the relief. Thus, the Central Russian Upland is confined to the raising of the foundation. Slow movements of the earth's crust also had a significant impact on the nature of the relief. The East European Plain, including the territory of Central Russia, did not experience significant fluctuations, and Western Siberia, until the Neogene-Quaternary, experienced significant subsidence, which then turned into a slight uplift. This was manifested in the fact that the height of Western Siberia is insignificant, and the relief is flat compared to Central Russia.
Part of the territory of Central Russia and the north of Western Siberia were exposed to
Quaternary glaciations. This affected the formation of the relief: the Valdai and Smolensk-Moscow uplands within Central Russia and the Siberian Uvaly in Western Siberia are of glacial origin (hilly-moraine relief, terminal moraine ridges). Also of glacial origin are some plains of Western Siberia and Central Russia (Meshchera Lowland), which arose along the southern boundaries of glaciation, where glacial waters deposited a mass of material.
Central Russia is more elevated, and its relief has developed more long time, therefore, within its boundaries, various erosional relief forms have become more developed - the hills are dissected by ravines and gullies, developed river valleys.
Thus, in the relief of Central Russia and Western Siberia there are similarities and differences due to tectonic structure, history of relief formation, external factors relief formation.