Preparing for the exam in history from scratch. How to prepare for the Unified State Exam in History on your own

The majority of all school graduates are humanists. Therefore, they take history, literature and social studies as part of unified exam. But preparing to take such subjects is difficult. A large amount of material does not allow you to take and remember everything. Therefore, you can prepare for the Unified State Exam in History on your own only with the help of certain tricks.

How not to prepare for the Unified State Exam in History?

There are a number of mistakes that graduates make when preparing for exams. The most common of them:

1. Reading all the story material. Too much information. You won't remember;
2. Quick learning. Start preparing 6-12 months in advance. before the exam, and not a few weeks;
3. Remembering only all dates. It is not right. You can't just pick up and memorize all the numbers;
4. Refusal to solve tests. Be sure to solve the tests. This will help you get used to the exam format.

You must also be able to plan. Plan your own path to preparing for the Unified State Exam in society or history and stick to the plan.

Self-preparation for the Unified State Exam in History

If you don’t want to rush, then prepare from about 10th grade. So you can repeat the whole history, from ancient times. In this case you will need:

• Textbook;
• Unified State Exam tests;
• Maps (geographical);
• Notebook and pen.

This way you will learn to work with history materials on your own. And your short answers will become good tips for you in the future.

Quick preparation for the Unified State Exam

If you do not want to prepare for the Unified State Exam on your own for a long time, then you can start working only in 11th grade.

Here you don't have time to carefully sort everything out. Just divide your history course by period:

1. Ancient Rus';
2. Time of Troubles;
3. The reign of Peter the Great;
4. War of 1812, etc.

You should be interested in reforms, wars, bright personalities those times. All this may be on the exam. B should be written down brief information O important points in your notebook.

And don't forget about tests. Solve them every day. Then you definitely won’t need a history tutor.

Difficulties of the history exam

The main difficulty here is the large amount of information. Therefore, you should resort to a historical sense. You live in Russia, which means you know its history, even if you don’t want to.

For example, when was Yeltsin's rule? In the 90s. When did Catherine the Second rule? Somewhere after Peter the Great.

From such scraps of information you will be able to put together clear pictures. And you don't have to memorize everything.

Take yourself a couple of different history tests. If you all learn to solve them, then the Unified State Exam will be yours. After all, the exam will contain exactly what is in the test, only in a slightly modified form.

Remember that you can prepare for the Unified State Exam in History on your own. Don't spend money on tutors ahead of time. The main thing is to set a goal and go towards it. If you don't want to, then even best teachers they won't help you.

How to prepare for the Unified State Exam in history?

G od will fly by unnoticed, and in your head there is only fragmentary knowledge about individual facts and names, so if you decide to take the Unified State Exam in history, you need serious preparation throughout the year. When starting to prepare, it is important to properly distribute time and energy from the very beginning.

Preparation should not consist of simply reading manuals or textbooks. We need not only theoretical preparation, which is sometimes lacking, but also practical - ability to perform specific examination tasks. And here the main help will be provided by standard Unified State Examination tasks, which are presented in abundance online and in bookstores. The most reliable option is to take materials from the official website of FIPI (http://www1.ege.edu.ru/), where they are posted demo options tests from previous years. You can also take a trial test online there.

Two preparation options can be offered.

First option.

Thoroughly study historical material on a specific historical period or one topic.

Preparation for each question should begin with an introductory (review) reading of the corresponding chapter or paragraph of the manual or textbook. Using the reference literature, clarify the definitions of terms and write down mandatory dates on a separate sheet. Then you need to move on to a thorough study of the content of the manual: highlight individual thoughts and fragments with a pencil, highlight the most important things with various icons. If any issue is covered in the manual insufficiently or confusingly, then you should turn to other sources of information.

After such a deep acquaintance, it is best to create various tables, diagrams, maps. In any case, your notes should represent a consistent development of thought, and not a chaotic heap of extracts. They are best kept on separate sheets of paper with large margins (comments, corrections, additions, material for answering additional questions from examiners that are not included in the main text are placed on them). Using such a note, you can quickly reconstruct the content of the answer on the eve of the exam. In addition, writing a summary of the answer sharpens the logic of its construction, individual wording, teaches clarity of thought, and highlights gaps. And the material is remembered much better.

Second option.

Armed with textbooks and sample tests, you can begin preparing. You can make it a rule to work through one entire test every day, always checking your own options with the proposed answers.

And finally, before you choose the most suitable option for preparing for the Unified State Exam, I advise you to watch video consultations with a Ph.D. consultant. Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of History of Pre-Revolutionary Russia, PetrSU Ruzhinskaya Irina Nikolaevna. Of the many different presentations, I especially liked these ones.

Experts do not advise schoolchildren to study university textbooks

The country overcame the first - early - wave of the Unified State Examination and froze in horror before the next - main one. With the help of MK, a senior teacher at the Faculty of History of Moscow State University told 118 thousand applicants who chose this subject how to more effectively prepare for one of the most popular exams - history. Lomonosova, candidate of historical sciences, Olga Yumasheva.

— I’ll start, perhaps, with sedition. You need to prepare for the Unified State Exam in history not using university talmuds or aids for applicants, but using regular school textbooks! The reason is purely prosaic: only in school textbooks can you find answers to all Unified State Exam questions. And among them, I note, there are the most unexpected ones.

So, in this year’s Unified State Exam test there is a question: who wrote the musical work “The Flea”? (The choice of this very “Flea” and not “Ruslan and Lyudmila” or, say, “Boris Godunov” I leave to the conscience of the compilers test tasks). So, this is in the school textbook. But you may not find it in some universities. And there are many such examples.

Now about how to read the material. This should be done not according to one textbook topic, but in blocks of 3-4 topics, since too few tasks are given for each topic. For example, block I: " East Slavs in ancient times"; "Kievan Rus"; "Feudal fragmentation." Block II: “The Mongol-Tatar Yoke,” etc. And, so that nothing from what you read is “lost,” be sure to answer all the questions in the textbook. On their basis, Unified State Examination tasks are formed.

To "knock out" maximum amount points for the simplest part “A” or the more detailed part “B”, you must definitely learn the dates. Moreover, in some cases not only a year, but also a month. For example, according to Patriotic War 1812. And it’s not just that there are a lot of questions in test part “A” on dates. Unified State Exam assignments in history are compiled in such a way that knowledge of at least one of the dates will allow you to guess even what you don’t know. For example, I saw in the task the years 1581, 1597, 1694 and based on one familiar date - say, 1597 - I guessed: yeah, we're talking about about the enslavement of peasants. And earned an extra point.

There are also geographical clues. Take, for example, the war of 1812 again. Everyone understands: Smolensk lies west of Moscow. This means that the order of battles with Napoleon’s troops is obvious. Well, if you absolutely know the answer to a question, use the method of elimination: first discard everything that definitely cannot be, and guess the rest. Just think! And use common sense.

Part “C” is a special discussion. It is considered creative, but many things here raise serious questions. For example, the probe task: “Compare the control system Old Russian state under the first princes Oleg and Igor and Yaroslav the Wise." One of the correct answers to the question of what they had in common is considered to be “The capital of the state is in Kyiv.” Firstly, it simply may not come to mind. Secondly, this answer is not clear: Oleg just went to Kyiv. But to get an extra point, you have to answer this way. Therefore, without further ado, a lot of things just need to be memorized.

In principle, pass the Unified State Exam Russian history easily. Moreover, so much so that no individual tutors or lectures at school are needed for this. By by and large, this is a trick: a normal student can easily prepare himself. You just need to study not in last month or two - this inevitably dooms you to the very training that is so rightly criticized - and in advance. Better - throughout the last school year. Then, without stress, you can read the entire history course the required number of times. Three or four is enough to get a high rating.

The Unified State Exam in history is one of the popular elective exams. It is taken by those who enroll in humanities faculties: journalism, law, political science. Many people believe that history is an easy subject and you can prepare for the Unified State Exam in history from scratch and in a year. Is it so?

The average score in history is low compared to other electives. Many people try to pass the Unified State Exam in History, but usually they pass it poorly, especially if they are preparing for the Unified State Exam in History from scratch. They are unlikely to give you a “D”, but it won’t be enough for admission!

What do graduates from the Unified State Examination program in history not know? They don’t know cultural studies, cartography, they can’t compare (synchronize) events foreign history and domestic. They confuse historical figures and terminology. There are a very large number of incorrect answers in the second part, where you need to give arguments to confirm or refute the position.

Last question in version of the Unified State Exam in history - essay. It gives 11 initial points, but few students score them.

How to prepare for the Unified State Exam in history from scratch? If we now begin to teach history, and at the same time we did not study history either in the seventh and eighth grades, or later, then where should we start? The first thing we pay attention to is the chronology. Yes, this is knowledge of events in chronological order. Which event follows which. And this is the most difficult thing for students! How to learn all the dates if there are so many of them? It’s good that there aren’t many questions in the Unified State Exam where knowledge of dates is tested down to the day! And yet there are so many events and dates that a high school student can become desperate.

How to learn events and dates when preparing for the Unified State Exam in history from scratch? This is the memorization technique I recommend as an expert.

Let's say you're studying the 10th century. There are many events: the war with Byzantium in 907-911, the uprising of the Drevlyans, the pagan reform of Vladimir, the baptism of Rus', and that’s not all! How can you remember all this? First, let us remember that this is our tenth century, then we will “arrange” the personalities who ruled at this time in chronological order. Prince Oleg, on next place- Prince Igor, Princess Olga, Svyatoslav and Vladimir. And then we will “link” to each of the princes the event that happened during his reign. This way we have a chronological sequence.

With its help, you can easily answer the question of which event happened first - the uprising of the Drevlyans or the baptism of Rus'. You will immediately remember that first there was Oleg, and then Vladimir. This means that the uprising of the Drevlyans happened earlier, and the baptism of Rus' happened later.

This is a great trick for memorizing chronology - take it and use it. By the way, each ruler must also be “linked” to his contemporaries! For example, Metropolitan Hilarion was a contemporary of Yaroslav, and Metropolitan Macarius was a contemporary of Ivan the Terrible. And if you come across the question, which of the metropolitans lived earlier and which later, you can easily answer it, knowing that Prince Yaroslav ruled first, and only then Tsar Ivan the Terrible.

The second thing that is important when preparing for the Unified State Exam in history from scratch: while studying the topics, you need to learn cartography at the same time. For example, we study historical figure- Prince Oleg. Let's look at the map: who he fought with, how he expanded the territory of Kievan Rus. Which historical monuments were built. We build associative connections. Example: Prince Vladimir - Tithe Church. It happens that her current appearance is not in the textbook. Then Google can help us! We search and find an illustration - a reconstruction of the Church of the Tithes. And of course, it is necessary to know the architects who built the temple.

This means that when preparing for the Unified State Exam in history from scratch you need to:
knowledge of dates
knowledge of historical figures
cartography
cultural studies
terminology.

When preparing for the Unified State Exam in history from scratch, make a sign: century, ruler, his domestic politics, foreign policy(reforms, wars). In the next column - write down the terms, the next column - contemporaries.

And then - the second part of the Unified State Exam on history. To prepare for the Unified State Exam in history from scratch, you need to read a lot - “read” the material. Use different sources. This will help you understand the text that you will see in the task in the second part. You will need to determine the time, the ruler, the main events described in this text. And then - the following questions, where you need to write arguments to confirm or refute the position. This is one of the most difficult questions.

For example, the baptism of Rus': its positive and negative meaning, that is, we must give two arguments with a “plus” sign and two with a “minus” sign. This means that it is necessary to consider controversial issues, of which there are many in history.

In class, we spend a lot of time on such controversial issues and develop a base that will help us complete such tasks correctly.

Now about essay writing. The essay is one of the most difficult topics on the Unified State Exam in history. It is necessary to determine exactly what events took place. The events belong to one of three periods: this is the period of the reign of the Rurikovichs, the period of the reign of the Romanovs and Soviet period. My recommendation is to carefully work out the second period. Next, you need to write why the event happened, the content of the event and its consequences, describe the personalities who are associated with this event, what role they played.
And plus the historical assessment of this period - with a “plus” sign and with a “minus” sign.

In our courses we provide an algorithm for writing essays. We remember the chronology and analyze events with positive and negative negative side. This is how a complete picture emerges. And further additional material, which is not in the textbook. Recommended films and historical literature.

When you are preparing for the Unified State Exam in history from scratch, by March you should have a complete historical picture, and then work on tasks and complex questions of the Unified State Exam in history. History must not only be taught, history must be lived in order to pass the exam well.

A history tutor guides, focuses on complex issues of the Unified State Exam, teaches essay writing, arguing a position, identifying chronological sequence, and introduces cartography and cultural studies.

Oh, well that's easy enough if you're in 10th grade right now. If at 11, you woke up a little late, of course, but there is still a chance and quite a big one.

First, you need to set yourself a score goal and work hard towards it. My goal was 100, I started from the very beginning of 11th grade. My luggage was very small, mainly formed on the basis of the Russian course literature of the 19th century century and the work of Karamzin in the retelling of his father-historian. So you must sit down and clearly evaluate what you can hope for. I was preparing together with a friend, an applicant to a provincial law school, who didn’t try very hard, but he just needed to overcome the threshold of 50 points, which he successfully did.

1. Best tutorial For passing the Unified State Exam- This is a Moscow State University textbook on the history of Orlov and Georgiev. You can buy it almost anywhere and it is very convenient. We teach “theory” using it.

2. Then you need to buy benefits. I took the usual ones from FIPI, plus a separate manual for complex tasks. Take a book with CIMs and solve them, write part C in full in a specially kept notebook. It is advisable to find a teacher who can test them. Or by keys. Solve as many tests as possible and get better at it.

3. Learn the codifier. Or at least read it carefully several times. You must know how each task is done. What points are given and taken away for? I highly recommend finding materials for teachers checking the Unified State Exam on the Fipi website - there are samples of tasks completed for intermediate and high scores(Part C).

4. Buy manuals with pictures and maps. Most often asked about maps Slavic tribes, major battles and uprisings. It is very desirable to know what each ruler of Russia looks like (I’m not talking about Rurik and Svyatoslav, but it is imperative to distinguish Khrushchev from Andropov and Chernenko).

5. Keep tables. From major battles World War II until the reforms of Alexander I. If convenient, take notes. I didn’t write and just circled the right places in the textbook because it’s easier for me.

6. If you want good score, don’t forget about culture. A lot of people miss it, especially those who are not preparing for the Unified State Exam in Literature. Feofan the Greek, Andrei Rublev, Falcone, Ton, Feofan Prokopovich and others, others, others. Learn famous churches, buildings, paintings, artists. There is a lot (!!!) of things here. Don't forget the culture of the 80s and 90s. Including TV shows.

7. Hang excerpts from your least favorite and difficult topics above the table. For me, these were all sorts of officials of the USSR (this question is very popular on the Unified State Exam) and the Pugachev uprising, I don’t even know why.

8. Be prepared to study one topic 8, 9, 10 times. History is forgotten terribly quickly because there is so much information. I advise you to start with the most ancient one and end with Putin, it’s also advisable to learn him, you never know what they’ll come up with.

9. Find a friend and prepare together. It's fun and interesting, especially if your friend knows much more than you.