Mak - Interstate Aviation Committee. Who and how divides the functions of the Interstate Aviation Committee? Interdepartmental Aviation Committee

Anodina Tatyana Grigorievna

Chairman of the Interstate Aviation Committee

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor (since 1981), Laureate of State Prizes, Honored Scientist, holder of the highest orders of Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, etc. According to Russian legislation, he has the rank of Federal Minister.

She passed all scientific positions from junior researcher to Director of the leading research institute in the field of air navigation, which she headed for 20 years. For more than 10 years she headed the Main Scientific and Technical Directorate of the Ministry. For many years he has held various senior scientific and administrative positions. Carried out teaching activities. Currently collaborating with the department international law MGIMO.

Initiator of the creation and since 1991, by decision of the Heads of State, Chairman of the Interstate Aviation Committee.

Head of the creation of a system of independent investigation of aviation accidents and international system certification aviation technology and airfields, fully harmonized with European and American ones.
MAK is the first regional organization in the field of independent investigation and certification, legal principles and whose experience served as the basis for the creation similar organizations in the European Union (in 2002), Latin America and other regions of the world. In 2010, this principle was enshrined in the standards of Annex 13 to the ICAO Chicago Convention.

IAC has been a member of the international organization of independent investigative bodies ITSA for 10 years (a total of 17 organizations).

With the direct participation of T. Anodina, they were created and certified, including within the framework international projects, new aircraft: Il-86, Il-96, Il-114, An-124, An-70, An-140/148, Ka-32, Tu-204, RRJ and others.

Under her scientific leadership, the first automated systems air traffic control, navigation and landing of aircraft, which are operated in more than 100 airfields and control centers.
Initiator of the USSR's entry into ICAO (190 states of the world) and the transition to international standards in the field of air navigation and technical equipment for airfields and air routes. She was a member of the ICAO specialized committee on the strategy of future air navigation systems based on the use of the global satellite navigation system, which included representatives of 5 states - the USA, France, Australia, Japan, and the USSR.

As part of this strategy adopted by ICAO for international civil aviation, an agreement was reached to recognize the GLONASS system as part of the global satellite system (along with GPS). The results of this work were recognized worldwide scientific achievement. In 1997, T. Anodina was awarded the Highest International Prize in the field of aviation - the E. Warner Prize, as a world-famous scientist, major researcher and organizer of the creation and implementation of national, regional and global satellite technologies for civil use. Since 1959, 31 people have been awarded this Prize.

Over the 20 years of IAC activity, 536 aviation accidents have been investigated in 76 countries. 134 types of aircraft manufactured in Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, USA, Canada, Europe, Brazil, etc. are certified. 80 international airfields, 516 types of airfield equipment of Russian and foreign production are certified.

People who regularly follow news, especially related to the topic of aviation transportation, such as plane crashes, periodically come across the abbreviation indicated by the letters MAK. Many people do not know that this abbreviation stands for “International aviation committee", also called interstate.

A special department was created to monitor order in any industry related to air transport activities. The organization cooperates with ICAO, which oversees civil aviation, and carries out an important mission.

At the end of 1991, a special Agreement was concluded between twelve countries of the planet, designed to ensure maximum safety and efficiency for aircraft performing civil air transportation.

IN this document many nuances are spelled out that affect the specifics of the development of passenger transportation, and since compliance with the adopted rules requires control, it was decided to create a departmental body - the Interstate Organization for Aviation Affairs. The official website of the International Aviation Committee talks about the activities of the institution:

development of rules according to which flights are carried out;
the procedure for the creation and operation of aircraft;
system for issuing certificates and permits for the use of aviation equipment;
aircraft airworthiness standards;
assessment of the condition of airfields, awarding them certain categories;
participation as an independent expert in determining the causes of the crashes and emergency situations related to civil aviation;
organization of the general procedure for the use of airspace, coordination and management of the development of passenger air transportation.

Just six months later, the Committee was included in the list of bodies with international status, that is, influencing certain sectors of many world states. A huge amount of work was done for this, because all norms proposed for adoption were necessarily checked for compliance with the legislation of the countries that have acceded to the Agreement. However, in the end, consensus was reached. The list of participants today looks like this:

Republic of Azerbaijan;
Republic of Armenia;
Belarus;
Kazakhstan;
Kyrgyz Republic;
Republic of Moldova;
Russian Federation;
Turkmenistan;
Ukraine (there are references to the withdrawal of the state from the Committee, however, there is currently no official confirmation);
Republic of Tajikistan;
Republic of Uzbekistan.

The head office of the organization is located in the capital of Russia, with representative offices located in states that have joined the IAC.

Naturally, a very long article could be written about the work of the International Aviation Committee, since the number of countries and the vast territory they occupy determines an extremely wide field of activity. The actions of the IAC members are carried out with the full legislative support of the leadership of the countries that are members of the Committee.

The powers vested in the organization are confirmed by official decrees, resolutions and other documents adopted in the territory of a particular country. Basically, society representatives deal with the following items:

1. Issuance of certificates and permits for production aircraft and them technical elements. To ensure safety for passengers during flights and long service life for aircraft, standards have been prepared in accordance with which certification is carried out in a stepwise manner. The basis was global and European standards, that is this procedure carried out in accordance with international standards. Enterprises that have passed the inspection receive a certificate, the validity of which extends, in addition to the participating countries, to the following states:

United States of America;
Indonesia;
Canada;
Egypt;
India;
Brazil;
members of the European Union;
China;
Republic of South Africa;
Iran;
Mexico and some other countries.

2. Assessment of take-off and landing areas, their structure and functioning, assignment of categories and certification. According to accepted standards, after the permission of a commission organized by the Committee, airfields of partner countries have the right to receive and dispatch aircraft, as well as, if necessary, carry out maintenance of airliners.

3. Analysis of situations requiring verification by independent experts. Aircraft crashes and emergencies periodically occur with aircraft of many countries on the planet, including emergency situations with aircraft of countries that are members of the Interstate Air Force. The International Aviation Committee investigates the causes of problems that have arisen on the territory of any country if the airliner belongs to a jurisdictional area.

4. IAC specialists are also involved in increasing demand for passenger air transportation, increasing the competitiveness of controlled airlines. In particular, the following actions are being taken in this area:

improving the qualifications of service personnel;
tracking pricing and marketing policies;
facilitating operations related to customs inspections;
development and improvement medical care at airports and on board aircraft;
effective anti-terrorism activities;
providing the opportunity to carry out procedures related to flights through Internet resources.

The official website of the International Aviation Committee states that the association successfully cooperates with the world well-known organizations engaged in similar activities, and has several signed agreements developed by IAC specialists.

After more than two decades of hard work and successful activity, the powers of the organization were practically eliminated by order of the leadership of the Russian Federation. In 2015, the Ministry of Transport of Russia and Federal agency air transport. However, the Committee has not been abolished, and some activity still remains.

The problem did not arise out of nowhere. The reason for the distrust in the results of the IAC’s work was the results of some accidents that occurred with the airliners of the countries participating in the Agreement. After several similar investigations, the rights and responsibilities of the alliance were limited, and most of them were transferred to the Federal Air Transport Agency and the Ministry of Transport. It all started in 1997, when a plane flying from Irkutsk to Phan Rang crashed in a residential part of one of the cities.

The disaster was caused by the cessation of operation of most of the engines; three stopped functioning, and there were four in total. Committee experts stated that the pilot made a mistake, which, coupled with the overcrowding of the airliner, led to the crash of the aircraft. However, given that the issuance of the operating permit was also carried out by employees of the International Aviation Committee, it was decided to involve additional independent experts in the work. After an inspection, they identified irregularities in the operation of the failed engines.

Four years later, a tragedy occurred in Crimea, where Russian and Ukrainian military training was taking place. air force. A missile fired by the Ukrainians shot down an S7 Airlines airliner. Employees of the aviation committee clearly decided the issue not in favor of the Ukrainian military, but the Kiev judicial body considered the arguments provided insufficient for a positive decision on material compensation. On at the moment the situation has still not been resolved, since neither party admits guilt in what happened.

In 2006, an airliner belonging to the Armenian air carrier Armavia crashed into the sea along with all its passengers. There were no survivors from the crash. According to IAC experts, the pilots took some steps that served as the impetus for the plane crash, while necessary actions was not carried out, apparently in a state of panic. An independent investigation carried out at the same time revealed that the Committee’s conclusion did not contain data on the presence at the arrival aerodrome of equipment that would facilitate landing in difficult conditions. weather conditions, and its proper operation.

In 2010, there was a loud air accident over Smolensk. A plane carrying almost a hundred passengers, flying from Warsaw and carrying members of the governments of several countries on board, crashed. Naturally, the analysis of the emergency incident was carried out by both members of the IAC and foreign organizations, whose experts came to the conclusion that the runway at the arrival airport was in poor condition, which was the cause of the crash. However, the Committee's specialists considered that the pilots who flew the plane had a low level of training and made a number of mistakes during landing.

As a result, the accumulated precedents became so numerous that the International Aviation Committee was forced to suspend its activities. In addition to suspicions of falsification of the results of accidents that occurred in the air, senior management showed dissatisfaction with too long processing times.

Some cases have been pending for years. In addition, MAC participants, protected by diplomatic status, avoided punishment even for obvious mistakes made during various procedures.

IAC suspended the Boeing 737 type certificate in Russia

The abbreviation MAK often appears in news feeds and on news websites, in connection with aviation topics, as well as investigations of major plane crashes. Let's try to understand the activities and purpose of this department, what it does, what powers it has.

The official website of the International Aviation Committee positions its work as a service to achieve safety and systematic development of civil aviation, as well as increase effective use aviation space of all states that have become participants in this program.

History of creation. Development process

Created at the end of 1991 between 12 independent states former USSR, on the basis of a special agreement, the interstate aviation committee began to monitor and control compliance with the following standards:

uniform aviation rules;
a unified certification system for the use and production of airliners;
airworthiness standards;
assessment of the category of airfields and their equipment;
independent investigation of aircraft crashes and incidents;
organization together with the coordination of airspace development and management.

In the summer of 1992, the IAC Aviation Committee was included in the list of intergovernmental organizations, which confirms its activities as complying with all international and national legislation of the participating countries.

Sign on the MAK building

Main participating countries

Today it includes interstate committee consists of eleven states. Here is their list:

Armenia;
Kyrgyzstan;
Kazakhstan;
Azerbaijan;
Belarus;
Russia;
Moldova;
Uzbekistan;
Turkmenistan;
Tajikistan;
Ukraine.

Main activities of the Committee

Of course, with such a vast territory covered by the participating countries, the activities of the committee are very diverse. Let us dwell on its main directions.

Certification of aviation equipment production

To ensure safety and airworthiness, a regulatory framework was created for phased certification, adapted to many world standards.

It is according to this that not only aircraft and aircraft engines of the participating countries are certified, but also their elements. Upon completion of this procedure, a single certificate is issued, valid and recognized in the territory of these countries, but also in the following states:

Canada;
Iran;
India;
China;
European Union;
Brazil;
Egypt;
Mexico;
Indonesia and others.

Assessment and certification of airfields and their equipment

The created base of rules, approved by all countries that are members of the interstate committee, allows it to issue certificates for all types of airfields accepted throughout the territory of operation of this structure.

Conducting independent investigations

The IAC conducts investigations into air crashes when they occur on all airliners of the participating countries, not only on their territory, but also outside it. The main principle is the independence of the research conducted, as recommended in international practice.

Coordinating the development of civil aviation

The formation and implementation of interstate policy, the creation of economic interest, accessible competitive ability is the most significant part of the work of the IAC. This includes the following areas of cooperation:

training of high-level specialists;
development of tariff policy;
simplification of customs procedures;
interaction in emergency situations;
aeromedicine;
countering aviation terrorism and more.

Headquarters building in Moscow

Restriction of activities and deprivation of many powers

For more than 23 years, the International Aviation Committee has conducted accident investigations and certification of airliners, airfields and airlines. But after certain circumstances, at the end of 2015, by decree of the Russian Government, almost all certification activities were transferred to the Ministry of Transport and the Federal Air Transport Agency, and the MAK was deprived of its powers. Despite this, the Committee continues its work.

Reasons for distrust

One of the areas of work of the IAC was conducting investigations of aircraft accidents. It was mistrust in the results of these investigations that was the reason for the limitation and redistribution of the committee’s powers between other structures Russian aviation. Let's look at some of them.

1997, route Irkutsk-Phanrang

After takeoff, the plane crashed into a residential area, and the reason was the failure of three out of four engines at once. The IAC cited overloading of the airliner as the main reason, along with pilot error. He also carried out certification of this vessel a little earlier. Experts agree that the main cause of the fall is engine failure.

Tu-154M on the Crimean Peninsula

In the fall of 2001, during joint military exercises on the Crimean Peninsula, a Sibir Airlines plane was shot down by a Ukrainian missile. Despite the findings of the IAC, the Kyiv court rejected the carrier’s claim for damages, citing their unreliability. As a result financial matters have not been resolved to date.

MAK showed how recorders are deciphered

Route Yerevan - Sochi 2006

More than 120 people died when an Armavia airliner crashed over the Black Sea. The Interstate Committee points out the inadequate actions of the pilots as the main reason. Experts point to the lack of information in the committee’s report about the quality of the airfield’s meteorological equipment, which could have been the main cause of this disaster.

Flight from Poland 2010

A government plane from Warsaw crashed in Smolensk with 96 passengers on board. Despite the participation of foreign specialists in the investigation, the IAC in its final report indicates the main cause of the disaster was the incorrect actions of the pilots and their insufficient training. The Polish group, along with other experts, point out the technical shortcomings of the Severny airfield in Smolensk.

The main complaints against MAK

In his book, test pilot V. Gerasimov highlights a number of main complaints about the work of the interstate committee in the investigation of aircraft accidents, which became the main reasons for limiting this activity:

delaying the investigation, up to several years;
Certification of ships and investigation of the causes of the crash by the same organization leads to unreliable and ineffective conclusions;

The Interstate Aviation Committee is a supranational executive body responsible for flight safety in the field of civil aviation in the Commonwealth countries Independent States(CIS).

Established on the basis of a resolution of the Council of Heads of Government of Member States Economic Community dated December 6, 1991 and the intergovernmental Agreement on civil aviation and the use of airspace, signed on December 30, 1991. The Committee is the successor to a number of commissions of the USSR Ministry of Civil Aviation.

Story

Members of the Agreement currently include all the republics of the former USSR, with the exception of the Baltic states and Georgia, a total of 11 states: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine. Georgia withdrew from the Agreement simultaneously with the termination of its membership in the CIS in 2009.

Initially, the committee was authorized to develop and coordinate policies in the field of international air services, air transportation safety, aviation tariffs and fees, interstate air traffic schedules, certification of aircraft, airlines, and airfields. He was also tasked with investigating all aviation accidents involving aircraft of the CIS member states and on their territory and maintaining a general aviation register.

According to the Agreement on Civil Aviation and the Use of Airspace, the IAC is the body that ensures the work of the Council on Aviation and the Use of Airspace, consisting of authorized representatives of the Contracting States, created under this Agreement, and carrying out its activities on the principles of consensus.

In 1992-1997 By a number of resolutions, the MAK was equated to the federal executive body in terms of certification and investigation of aircraft accidents on the territory of Russia.

In the late 1990s - early 2000s. certification functions for airlines, individual aircraft, training centers switched from MAC to government agencies aviation supervision participating countries Agreements (in Russia, such a body is currently the Federal Air Transport Agency, Rosaviatsia).

Activity

The main function of the IAC is to issue aircraft type certificates, airport certificates, develop recommendations and regulations, and investigate aircraft accidents. Over the 25 years of the committee's work, over 200 plane crashes were investigated. Based on the results of the investigations, over 260 recommendations were made aimed at improving flight safety.

In 2001, IAC signed a memorandum of understanding with International organization civil aviation (ICAO), the committee uses the standards of this organization.

The IAC is financed by contributions from the countries participating in the Agreement; in 2013, according to SPARK-Interfax, they amounted to 224 million rubles. The committee's expenses in the same year amounted to 211 million rubles, of which 133 million were for labor costs, 27 million for the maintenance of premises and property.

MAK headquarters is located in Moscow.

Management

Since the creation of the IAC, Tatyana Anodina has been its chairman. She was appointed to this post on December 6, 1991 by a decision of the Council of Heads of Government of the Member States of the Economic Community. Neither the resolution on the creation of the IAC dated December 6, 1991, nor the intergovernmental Agreement dated December 30, 1991, specified the procedure for the appointment and resignation of the head.