Where the quotation marks open. How to put double or double quotes correctly

It is unlikely that anyone will argue with the statement that punctuation is a very complex section of the Russian language. Moreover, not only foreign citizens who decide to learn Russian, but also native speakers themselves, face many difficulties in this section.

There are a lot of punctuation marks in the Russian language. But we will devote this article to quotation marks. Let's try to figure out why such a punctuation mark is necessary, what function it has and how to use it correctly. And in order to better understand everything, it would not be amiss to turn to some facts regarding the origin of the quotation marks themselves.

Quotation marks are a relatively new punctuation mark. Their appearance in the Russian language dates back to approximately the end of the 18th century. And here it is worth noting that since the 16th century, quotation marks have already been used - but as a musical notation. What is the origin of this word itself - “quotation marks”?

It’s interesting, but linguists don’t have a consensus on this matter. The overwhelming majority of scientists claim that this word comes from such a verb of the southern Russian dialect as “kavykat”, that is, “to hobble”, “to limp”. Strange association, isn't it?

And this is explained quite simply: in this very dialect the word “kavysh” is translated as “duckling” or “gosling”. And the quotation marks were represented as some kind of squiggles or, in other words, footprints from the paws of ducklings or goslings.

Did you know that there are several types of quotation marks? An interesting fact is that their name depends directly on the country from which they originated. An important role in their name was also played by the similarity with certain objects.

One type of quotation marks that are used in Russian are called French herringbones. Another type of this punctuation mark, which can also be found in Russian written speech, is called German “paws”.

There are other types of quotation marks that are not characteristic of Russian punctuation, but for some reason some people still mistakenly use them in written Russian. It's about about “single” or “double” quotation marks, which are used in English writing. The norm in Russian punctuation is considered to be the use of only French “herringbones” (which are used as ordinary quotation marks) and German “paws” (which are used when writing text by hand or as quotation marks inside quotation marks: “… „ … “...").

Exist certain rules the use of any punctuation marks, and quotation marks were no exception. What are quotation marks? Quotation marks are a paired sign that we use in writing where there is a need to highlight in writing:

1. Certain types speeches:

Direct speech;

Quotes from any sources;

2. Meanings of words:

Names of organizations, firms, enterprises, varieties, brands, etc.;

With indirect figurative meaning, including ironic and (or) reciprocal value(for example: “clever girl”, that is, a stupid person or a person who has committed a rash act).

When typing texts, for example, in the MS Word editor, quite often you have to solve the problem of choosing certain types of quotation marks so that uniform rules for text formatting are observed. Agree that a text in which Christmas tree quotes “example”, German quotes “example”, English double “example” and single “example” quotes are mixed together will not look very neat and will characterize the person who typed it as insufficient punctual. Christmas tree quotes are used by default by the MS Word text editor on the Russian keyboard layout. However, there may be nuances that I would like to talk about in this article.

As already noted, Christmas tree quotes are installed in Word automatically in the Russian keyboard layout when you press keys Shift + 2 . If this option does not work for you, then check Word settings by following the steps below.

In the main menu, select the “Service” section and in the list that opens, select “AutoCorrect Options”.
In the AutoCorrect settings window that opens, go to the “Autoformat as you type” tab and check the Replace straight quotes with paired quotes as you type checkbox.
Click the "Ok" button to save the changes.

Check if the quote format has changed after the changes were made.

In the new Fluent interface, which has been used in Word since MS Office 2007, this is done in a slightly different way.

Click the MS Office button in the upper left corner of the word processor, and then click on “Word Options.”
In the Word Options dialog box, click on Spell Check, and then click on the AutoCorrect Options button.
Go to the “Autoformat as you type” tab and activate the option Replace straight quotes with paired quotes as you type.

If the settings do not give the desired result, then you can set quotes in the following way:

To set an opening quote, press the keyboard shortcut in the Russian keyboard layout Ctrl + e and then the combination Shift + b(letter B).
For a closing Christmas tree quote, press the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + e and then press Shift + Yu.

Another way to set Christmas tree quotes is to use the numeric keypad. With its help, you can put quotation marks like this:

To set the opening quote, press left Alt 0171 . If everything is done correctly, all entered numbers will be replaced with an opening quote. « .
For a closing Christmas tree quote, press left Alt and without releasing the keys on the numeric keypad, type 0187 . Once entered, all entered digits will be replaced with a closing quotation mark » .

It is very important to type numbers using the numeric keypad, otherwise the numbers will not be automatically replaced with quotes.

If you need to put quotation marks once, you can simply copy them to the clipboard, for example from this article, and paste them into the document you are editing.

What is the difference between quotes different designs?

Quotes - paired highlighter punctuation. They mark the left and right boundaries of a word or a segment of text; thus, quotation marks can be opening and closing quotation marks, with opening and closing quotation marks typically differing in design.

In Russian writing, the following types of quotation marks are most common:

"Christmas trees"(used in printed texts);

"paws"” are used, as a rule, in handwritten texts);

‘Marr quotes’(used to describe the meaning of a word and when translating the meaning of a foreign word, for example: the word "skimmer" is borrowed from Polish language, in which it goes back to the verb szumować ‘to remove foam’ from szum ‘foam’);

"computer quotes"– quotation marks of a special type, in which the design of the opening and closing quotation marks is completely indistinguishable. Such quotation marks are found in texts typed on a computer keyboard.

Other languages may use quotation marks of a different style. This is written in detail and interestingly on Wikipedia.

About quotes inside quotes

If inside words enclosed in quotation marks there are other words, in turn enclosed in quotation marks, it is recommended (provided that there is technical possibility for this) to use quotation marks of different patterns: external ones are “herringbones”, internal ones are “legs” (or - in texts typed on a computer - “computer quotes”). If this is not possible, then the closing quotes are placed only once. Quotes from the same picture are not repeated next to each other. For example:

Preferably: work by V. I. Lenin “On the caricature of Marxism and “imperialist economism””, CJSC “Publishing House “Komsomolskaya Pravda””, LLC "Company "Metallinvest"".

Acceptable(if not technical feasibility use quotes of different designs): work by V. I. Lenin “On the caricature of Marxism and “imperialist economism””, ZAO Publishing House “Komsomolskaya Pravda”, LLC "Company "Metallinvest".

Wrong: work by V. I. Lenin “On the caricature of Marxism and “imperialist economism””, JSC “Publishing House “Komsomolskaya Pravda””, LLC "Company "Metallinvest"".

- (Quotation marks, Quotes) Paired punctuation marks [period, comma, colon, dash, ellipsis, etc.], used to highlight names, direct speech, quotes, etc. There are several types of quotation marks used depending on ... ... Font terminology

- (quotes are wrong), quotation marks, unit. No. A sign (or „) to highlight other people’s words, quotes, direct speech of characters in a literary work, as well as names of lit. and other works and words, used. in an ironic or conventional way, improper... ... Dictionary Ushakova

A paired punctuation mark (. or) used to highlight direct speech in the text (including quotations and titles), as well as words used in a different way... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

QUOTATION QUOTES, check, unit. chka, and, female Signs (, or") to highlight direct speech, quotes, titles, as well as words used in a conditional or ironic sense. Take the quotation from: Scientist in quotation marks (not deserving this title, so-called; iron.) ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Quotes- A pattern in which your message is included in the quotation, as if someone else said it. A linguistic pattern in which your message is expressed as if someone else is speaking it. A short explanatory psychological and psychiatric dictionary... Great psychological encyclopedia

Quotes- a paired punctuation mark used to highlight names, direct speech, quotes, to emphasize the ironic use of a word or phrase, etc. In the typographic set of K. there are usually two drawings: “” so-called. Christmas trees and so-called. paws... ... Publishing dictionary-reference book

Punctuation mark. Used in constructions with direct speech, with quotes and individual words Oh. The enclosure in quotation marks marks the called for various reasons foreignness of words for the author of the statement. Sometimes the use of quotation marks can be explained... Literary encyclopedia

quotes- punctuation mark in the form of a double comma is used when conveying someone else's speech, titles, conventional names, highlighting concepts and words. When writing quickly, quotation marks look like squiggles. They arose from almost everywhere forgotten word… … Entertaining etymological dictionary

Check, check; pl. (unit quotation mark, i; g.). Typographical signs (, etc.) to highlight direct speech, quotes, titles; words used not in their own sense, but in an ironic or conventional sense, as well as words and expressions from a vocabulary alien to the author.... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Paired punctuation, which is used to highlight direct speech, quotes, titles literary works, newspapers, magazines, enterprises, as well as individual words, if they are included in the text not in their usual meaning, are used in ... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms

Books

Homeless Day. Put in quotation marks, Nadezhda Vasilievna Bazarova. The work of St. Petersburg writer Nadezhda Bazarova is presented in this book with fascinating stories with a slight accent of the crime genre and an intriguing plot.…
Homeless Day. Put in quotation marks, Nadezhda Vasilievna Bazarova. The work of St. Petersburg writer Nadezhda Bazarova is presented in this book with fascinating stories with a slight accent of the crime genre and...

This page contains quotes of all kinds, pulled from different sections of Unicode.

This punctuation mark is paired. It denotes direct speech, or a word that is used in a meaning that does not correspond to the usual one - for example, in the opposite. There are several types. The names came from the country where they were invented and from the similarity of the outline with certain objects.

Different scripts use different quotation marks according to... Probably tradition. Yes, there are rules for punctuation, but they do not specify the type. There are standards for typographical typesetting for which, ordinary people they can give a damn. So, according to tradition, we (in Russia) use “Christmas tree” quotes. If you need to put them inside an already quoted part of the text, the external and internal characters must be different. The nested ones are the “legs” (““…”). In addition, when writing by hand and in print, the appearance may be different. To the old ones good times When I was still writing by hand, the so-called Polish ones were always used (see below). However, fonts are not drawn entirely uniformly.

Enter quotation rules for Slavic scripts, Konstantin the Philosopher was the first to try. In the 15th century, he wrote a treatise “On Writing”. There it was proposed to highlight quotations from church texts with special symbols. The images of these symbols were very similar to modern herringbone quotes.

“ ” English doubles.

‘ ’ English singles.

Christmas tree quotes. HTML code (mnemonic): " " ( " " )

„ “ German "paws".

„ ” Polish.

Swedish reverse.

Double universal. HTML code (mnemonic): " (")