Monkeys have color or black and white vision. Does a monkey see the world in black and white or color? How do fish see?

Probably many would be interested in looking at the world around us through the eyes of a dog. Or. let's say horses. We will try our best to provide you with this opportunity. So, what and how do our little brothers see?

Firstly, it should immediately be noted that the vision of most mammals perceives colors and shades rather weakly. This is most likely due to the fact that long ago, in the era of dinosaurs, mammals, and especially herbivores, could travel in bright light sunlight, when the whole world shimmers with cheerful colors and everything is clearly visible, it was quite risky. Weak animals (compared to those monsters whose remains now adorn zoological museums) preferred to hide in secluded places during the day, sleep, and search for food at night. It is clear that in this situation there was no particular need for color vision, but the ability to see in the dark was only welcomed.

But soon the dinosaurs died out together, the smaller animals breathed more freely and actively began to expand their perception color range, get acquainted, so to speak, with the world of sunshine and rainbows. Many (for example, human ancestors) got so carried away that they even lost their night vision skills - this is undoubtedly very sad.

By the way, Japanese scientists recently found out that it was most likely the loss of night vision that forced primates to take an upright stance and start walking on two legs instead of four.
The experiment carried out by the researchers was very simple. The Japanese took their own Japanese monkeys and put on them diving goggles (which significantly narrowed the experimental angle of vision) or very dark sunglasses (thus impairing visibility as much as possible). As a result, animals moving on four limbs stood together on their hind legs in order to use their front legs to determine their path in the dark and avoid collisions with walls and objects.

“Today there are many versions explaining the process of evolution from ape to man. - said the head of the scientific group, Yoichi Sugita. “But now we have at least established that the ability to feel the way in a dark, dense forest or in a cave, moving exclusively on its hind legs, has significantly expanded the limits of movement.”
It may have been expanded, but the night vision is still pathetic. Haven't we paid a lot for the opportunity to walk with our heads held high? But this, as they say, is a theory. Maybe it wasn't like that.

Here we must also add that monkeys have vision three times sharper than humans. They determine colors in almost the same way as we do, but still at night most primates (with rare exceptions) prefer to sleep rather than look for adventures on their own - their eyesight does not allow it.

This is how monkeys see

Those who managed to retain the ability to see in the dark, both at night and in the light, do not distinguish all colors. For example, red and green tones of foliage, grass and fruits are inaccessible to cats, and for dogs, red and orange are all the same; in their eyes, the world consists of very faded shades of blue-violet and yellow-green. But dogs, unlike humans, see the ultraviolet spectrum.

The hedgehog generally only perceives yellow-brown tones, albeit gently: worms, the hedgehog’s favorite food, are painted in this color. But the vole mouse can distinguish yellow from red, because she has to sort out where the ripened fruits are and where the unripe ones are, but. however, this is where her skill ends.

This is how cats see at night

The horse's "outlook on life" is interesting. First of all, her eyes are positioned like this. that the view is 350 degrees, and therefore the horse sees absolutely everything. in addition to what is located immediately behind the back of her head, above her forehead and under her muzzle. Consequently, the horse often sees objects that the rider has not yet noticed. If you love to ride and your horse suddenly becomes agitated, just watch where his ears are turned - they are always pointed there. where to look.

This is how horses most likely see

Secondly, horses have developed ability see in the dark and perfectly estimate distances to objects by eye (as evidenced by their ability to immediately, without thinking, take on obstacles). The only thing in which horse vision is inferior to human vision is color perception. True, scientists have not yet come to a final conclusion: do horses live in a world of yellow-blue tones or are green shades closer to them, and whether they distinguish gray from red. The opinions of researchers on this matter are extremely contradictory.

Chameleons have amazing vision. Everyone knows that their eyes can independently turn in different directions and view everything in a panoramic view. But here’s what’s interesting: it turns out that each eye of a chameleon transmits its own, ready-made, verified and clear picture to the brain. In other words, the chameleon sees and perceives with its small brain two gorgeous landscapes at once, without connecting them to each other (as if it has two surveillance monitors in its head), which is not given to humans (and other animals!) in principle.

As for bird vision, we can only envy it.
For example, a falcon is able to see prey only 10 centimeters in size from a distance of one and a half kilometers, and the speed of movement of both the falcon itself and the prey does not affect the vigilance of this bird. The vulture sees a small, insignificant mouse from a distance of five kilometers and will not let it pass under any circumstances, unless it itself manages to react correctly and hide.
Owls, contrary to the popular myth that they go blind in the light, are quite capable of seeing during the day. At night, their eyesight exceeds that of humans by almost 100 times!

Common pigeons, due to their visual acuity, were once even used in industry. After all, these birds, unlike humans, see the smallest cracks in smooth surfaces. After a couple of days of training, the pigeons understood that when a good part passes by them on the conveyor, they need to sit quietly, and when there is a crack, they need to peck at the lever. The mechanism will drop the part from the conveyor, and in front of the beak short time the feeder will open.

This is how a snake sees a person

Once there was such a case: trained pigeons were sent to sort balls for bearings. At first everything went fine, but soon the birds began to reject all the balls in a row. Then it turned out that the pigeons independently increased the level of quality assessment and began to reject products even with human fingerprints. I had to wipe the balls so that picky inspectors would consider them acceptable. The most interesting thing is that pigeons (unlike people) never slacked, never quibbled with details, although they received their “salary” by the piece, that is, they could open a feeding trough for themselves by sending a dozen or two extra balls to marriage.
And finally - some good advice. It’s completely pointless to sneak up with a slipper in your hands (or a newspaper, or other “ deadly weapon") to a cockroach. And all because it notices and records movement of 0.0002 millimeters.

So, if you are hunting for cockroaches, the main thing for you is the suddenness of the appearance and high speed movements around the kitchen.

Monkeys and humans do not necessarily see the world through the same eyes. Proof of this non-obvious thesis was obtained in the course of a new study conducted in Peru, as evidenced by a beautiful laboratory experiment carried out in Scotland. In fact, as it turns out, even different...

Monkeys and humans do not necessarily see the world through the same eyes. Proof of this non-obvious thesis was obtained in the course of a new study conducted in Peru, as evidenced by a beautiful laboratory experiment carried out in Scotland. In fact, as it turns out, even different representatives Monkeys of the same species see the world differently. And scientists have reason to believe that these differences in vision provide some survival benefits.

Human vision is three-color (trichromatic). It is the same in chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans. Trichromats have three types of light-sensitive cells tuned to wavelengths characteristic of blue, green and red. But the monkeys of the New World look at the world differently. Howler monkeys are also trichromats; Durukuli (nocturnal South American monkeys) are generally monochrome, seeing the world in black and white. In clawed monkeys and spider monkeys, all males are dichromats (cannot see shades of red or green). And in females, tricolor and bicolor vision is common in a ratio of 60:40.

	Chimpanzees see the same way as humans

According to statistics, every twelfth man does not distinguish colors, and many monkeys of the New World do not see the difference between red and green, which prevents them, for example, from distinguishing a ripe fruit from a green one. Smith and his colleagues ran through the forests, following the movements of clawed monkeys as they jumped from tree to tree above their heads. Using a spectrometer, scientists measured the color of fruits and leaves that the animals picked.

Clawed monkeys eat the fruits of 833 plants. Their favorite fruit is Abuta fluminum. The ripe fruits of this plant are orange, like other favorite foods of these animals. But orange is difficult to see without red-green vision.

For more than ten years, Andrew Smith, a primatologist from the University of Stirling (UK), has been traveling to the Peruvian Amazon to find out how various types vision influence the foraging behavior of clawed monkeys. Returning to Britain, Smith organized a laboratory experiment. He imitated tree crowns using paper leaves painted in green, corresponding to the color of Abuta leaves. Among these leaves, he hung small cardboard boxes, the color of which exactly repeated the color of Abuta fruits of different ripeness - from unripe green to ripe orange. He put pieces into the “ripe” boxes fudge– the less “ripe” the color, the smaller the piece. The “immature” boxes were empty. He then introduced males and females of two species of clawed monkeys, Saguinus fuscicollis and Saguinus labiatus, into the room one at a time. The monkeys began to collect “fruits”, and trichromates found ripe ones 50% more often than their dichromat comrades.

It remains a mystery to scientists why, despite the advantages of three-color vision, these species retained individuals with two-color vision. Smith suspects dichromats are better at "recognizing the camouflage of predators and prey." The fact is that in addition to fruits, New World monkeys consume large number insects and animals - grasshoppers, frogs, lizards. The peculiarities of their vision come down to better discrimination of the forms of insects that mimic with the help of color. So neither one nor the other goes hungry.

We are limited by our own ideas. The perception of reality occurs due to the function of various organs, and only a few people understand that this is a rather limited vision. Maybe we see a very dim version of true reality because our senses are imperfect. In fact, we cannot see the world through the eyes of other life forms. But thanks to science, we can get closer. By studying, you can discover how the eyes of other animals are built and how they function. For example, comparing with our vision, identifying the number of cones and rods or the shape of their eyes or pupils. And this will at least somehow bring us closer to that world that we have not identified.

How do birds see?

Birds have four types of cones, or so-called light-sensitive receptors, while humans have only three. And the field of view reaches up to 360%, if compared with a person, then it is equal to 168%. This allows birds to visualize the world from a completely different point of view and much richer than perception human vision. Most birds can also see in the ultraviolet spectrum. The need for such vision arises when they get their food. Berries and other fruits have a waxy coating that reflects ultraviolet color, making them stand out against green foliage. Some insects also reflect ultraviolet light, giving the birds an undeniable advantage.

On the left is how a bird sees our world, on the right is a person.

How insects see

Insects have complex structure an eye consisting of thousands of lenses forming a surface similar to a soccer ball; in which each lens is one “pixel”. Like us, insects have three light-sensitive receptors. All insects have different perceptions of color. For example, some of them, butterflies and bees, can see in the ultraviolet spectrum, where the wavelength of light varies between 700 hm and 1 mm. The ability to see ultraviolet color allows bees to see patterns on petals that guide them to pollen. Red is the only color that is not perceived as a color by bees. Therefore, pure red flowers are rarely found in nature. Another amazing fact- the bee cannot close its eyes, and therefore sleeps with its eyes open.

On the left is how a bee sees our world, on the right is a person. Did you know? Mantises and dragonflies have the largest number of lenses and this figure reaches 30,000.

How dogs see

Relying on outdated data, many still believe that dogs see the world in black and white, but this is a mistaken opinion. More recently, scientists have discovered that dogs have color vision, just like humans, but it is different. There are fewer cones in the retina compared to the human eye. They are responsible for color perception. A feature of vision is the absence of cones that recognize the color red, so they cannot distinguish shades between yellow-green and orange-red colors. This is similar to color blindness in humans. Due to more sticks, dogs can see in the dark five times better than us. Another feature of vision is the ability to determine distance, which greatly helps them in hunting. But at close range they see blurry, they need a distance of 40 cm in order to see an object.

Comparison of how a dog and a person see.

How cats see

Cats cannot focus on small details, so they see the world a little blurry. It is much easier for them to perceive an object in motion. But the opinion that cats are able to see in absolute darkness has not been confirmed by scientific research, although in the dark they see much better than during the day. The presence of a third eyelid in cats helps them get through bushes and grass while hunting; it wets the surface and protects it from dust and damage. You can see it closely when the cat is half dozing and the film peeks out through half-closed eyes. Another feature of cat vision is the ability to distinguish colors. For example, the main colors are blue, green, gray, but white and yellow can be confused.

How do snakes see?

Visual acuity, like other animals, snakes do not shine, since their eyes are covered with a thin film, due to which visibility is cloudy. When a snake sheds its skin, the film comes off along with it, which makes the snake’s vision during this period especially clear and sharp. The shape of the snake's pupil can change depending on the hunting pattern. For example, in night snakes it is vertical, while in daytime snakes it is round. Whip snakes have the most unusual eyes. Their eyes resemble something keyhole. Because of this unusual structure of the eyes, the snake skillfully uses its binocular vision - that is, each eye forms a complete picture of the world. Snake eyes can perceive infrared radiation. True, they “see” thermal radiation not with their eyes, but with special heat-sensitive organs.

How do crustaceans see?

Shrimp and crabs, which also have compound eyes, have a feature that is not fully understood - they see very small details. Those. their vision is quite rough, and it is difficult for them to see anything at a distance of more than 20 cm. However, they recognize movement very well.

It is not known why the mantis crab needs vision superior to other crustaceans, but this is how it developed in the process of evolution. It is believed that mantis crayfish have the most complex color perception - they have 12 types of visual receptors (humans have only 3). These visual receptors are located on 6 rows of various ommatidia receptors. They allow cancer to perceive circularly polarized light as well as hyperspectral color.

How do monkeys see?

Color vision great apes trichromatic. The duruculi, which lead a nocturnal life, have a monochromatic one - with this it is better to navigate in the dark. The vision of monkeys is determined by their lifestyle and diet. Monkeys distinguish between edible and inedible by color, recognize the degree of ripeness of fruits and berries, and avoid poisonous plants.

How horses and zebras see

Horses are large animals, so they need a wide range of vision. They have excellent peripheral vision, which allows them to see almost everything around them. This is why their eyes are directed to the sides, and not straight like humans. But this also means that they have a blind spot in front of their nose. And they always see everything in two parts. Zebras and horses see better at night than humans, but they see mostly in shades of gray.

How do fish see?

Each type of fish sees differently. For example, sharks. It seems that a shark's eye is very similar to a human's, but it acts completely differently. Sharks are color blind. The shark has an additional reflective layer behind the retina, giving it incredible visual acuity. Shark sees 10 times better than man in clean water.

Speaking in general about fish. Basically, fish are not able to see further than 12 meters. They begin to distinguish objects at a distance of two meters from them. Fish do not have eyelids, but nevertheless, they are protected by a special film. Another feature of vision is the ability to see beyond the water. Therefore, fishermen are not recommended to wear bright clothes, which can scare them away.

The monkey saw - the monkey did

Have you ever wondered why you flinch when you see someone get hit? After all, you weren't the one who got hit, but you are copying the other person's reaction. Neuroscientists are studying the neural basis of this social copying phenomenon after the discovery of brain cells aptly called “mirror neurons,” which are found to fire in concert with the sight of other people's actions. Mirror neurons can be found in areas of the cerebral cortex located toward the front of the top of the head, known as the secondary motor cortex. These areas are involved in the processes of planning and executing actions.

The mirror neuron system was discovered by accident in the laboratory of Italian neurophysiologist Giacomo Rizzolatti in the 1990s. I remember attending Rizzolatti's first lectures, where he talked about how he and his colleagues implanted an electrode in a monkey in the area of ​​the brain responsible for motor activity to study neuronal activity as a monkey reaches for a nut. As expected, the neurons fired when the animal reached out for the reward. But what they didn't expect was that the same neurons fired when the animal watched a human researcher reach out to pick up a nut.

How can this be? After all, the electrode was located in the neurons of the motor cortex of the monkey’s brain, not a human’s. It was as if the motor neuron, like a mirror, reflected the action of another being. The monkey's mirror neurons did not activate with any human movement, but only with movements aimed at picking up a nut. The neuron seemed to know the experimenter's goal. Are mirror neurons a special class? nerve cells, remains a hotly debated issue, but it resonates with the actions of other people (other beings) and thus provides insight into what is on their minds.

The discovery of mirror neurons spread through the scientific community like wildfire. Some have compared the effect of their discovery on neurobiology to the effect that deciphering the structure of DNA had on biology. This is because mirror neurons provide us with the ability to know the goals and intentions of others. Mirror neurons act like a direct link between consciousness different people in much the same way that computers can be connected in local network, and what I type on my laptop will appear on your screen. This possibility was a huge step in understanding the problem that neuroscientists have been working on: how we know that others have minds like ours.

If my mirror neurons fire when I look at someone else's actions, then since my own actions are already connected to my own mind, I only need to know what's on my mind to know what you're thinking. As noted earlier, if I smile and you automatically smile back, it triggers happy thoughts in me and good feelings. By reflecting your behavior in my brain, I can directly experience emotional state that you are experiencing. When we copy another person's facial expression using our own facial muscles, we can easily access the same conditions that are usually responsible for producing that facial expression. Perhaps this is why people with temporary paralysis of the facial muscles (after Botox injections to remove wrinkles) do not understand the emotional reactions of others very well - due to the fact that they are not able to copy them.

The work of mirror neurons partly explains why we love watching movies and plays. When we look at others, we are able to directly experience their feelings. By empathizing with the emotions of others, we experience their pain and joy. In a state known as mirror touch synesthesia, individuals literally feel the pain of others. For example, they cannot watch Raging Bull or other boxing films. Brain scans have found that when such people look at others, their mirror system, which is associated with touch, is over-activated. Another area that is activated is the anterior insula. It gets excited when we differentiate between ourselves and others. But with mirror touch synesthesia, it is silent, and it is difficult for a person to distinguish between what is happening to him and what is happening to someone else.

According to synesthesia specialist Jamie Ward, only 1 in 100 people have mirror touch synesthesia, but many people experience a more subdued experience, flinching when they see someone being hurt. Other people's emotional expressions activate the same neural circuits that are active during our own traumatic experiences. This is exactly what “tear-squeezer” films and TV shows are designed for. They act directly on the same areas of the brain that are activated in our head when we feel sadness and sadness. TV producers have been exploiting this effect for decades, using recorded laughter, for example, to evoke a similar response from viewers because laughter is emotionally contagious. We can't help but smile when others smile. This effect is enhanced if the laughter is occasionally interspersed with bursts of Homeric laughter from one of the spectators in the studio audience.

Mirror neurons act like a direct connection between the minds of different people, much in the same way that computers can be connected in a local network.

The presence of mirror neurons may explain other aspects social behavior. For example, our tendency towards social mimicry - uncontrolled behavior in which we unconsciously reproduce the movements and actions of another person. For example, when people line up, they leave approximately equal amounts of space between them and often take the same poses. People in rocking chairs, if they look at each other, involuntarily sooner or later come to the point that they begin to rock in unison. During the conversation, a person begins to cross and spread his arms and legs, nod his head and copy other movements, synchronizing them with the interlocutor, although this does not say anything about whether he likes the interlocutor and how much he agrees with his opinion. This phenomenon is discussed in more detail in Chapter 6, as mimicry has been shown to be indicative of how we react to other people who we perceive as liking us or not.

What about yawning? Have you ever felt the involuntary urge to yawn while watching someone else stretch their mouth and let out that drowsy moan? About half of us will yawn when we see someone yawning. No one knows exactly why humans as a species do this. One theory is that this behavior helps us synchronize our biological clocks. However, a more intriguing explanation posits that yawning is a form of emotional contagion: as a rapidly spreading disease, we contract the need to copy others for the sake of ostensibly establishing social connection. This may explain the fact that contagious yawning is unusual in infants and develops around 3–4 years of age, when children develop awareness that others are having thoughts.

What about vomiting? The very sight of someone else vomiting can cause an involuntary spasm in others. In the movie Stand By Me, there is some truth to the story of the "blevorama" told by Gordy around the campfire, in which main character, Lardazz (Fat Ass), caused mass vomiting in the crowd attending a village pie-eating contest. It's not just about the spectacle of what's happening. In one survey looking at what sounds people found most horrifying, the sounds made by a person vomiting were voted the most disgusting. Such emotional contagion would be very in an efficient way receive from others useful information about what is dangerous and what is safe to eat. After all, our idea of ​​what is disgusting is shaped by what others around us think. It is as if all our systems for paying attention to other people were tuned to resonate with their experiences.

If we smile, cry, yawn, flinch, cringe, sway, nod, synchronizing with and fundamentally imitating others, to what extent are these actions generated by an autonomous self independent of others? Of course, when our attention is drawn to such reflected behavior, we may resist the urge to copy, but that is not the point. In normal situations, resonance with others is in our nature, and that is why the above examples demonstrate our innate dependence on others. And it is a component of the illusion of the Self.

These discoveries reveal a huge number of external, extraneous factors vying for control over us. If we resist, we do so through effort or alternative actions. One can look at the self in control as an internal agent who does not want to do what the group wants. I would say that we are sometimes able to veto the influence of others, but this is not our natural trait. Yes, most of us are able to redirect actions to achieve a different outcome, but this is simply a reconfiguration of states and motivations. We can do this consciously, but not always.

Our self is in a state of control, like an internal agent who does not want to do what the group wants.

Imitation blinds us in close relationships with others, but imagine what would happen if you imitated everyone you encountered. Imagine being unable to redirect your actions and stop copying others. When there are so many people around doing different things, it will quickly overwhelm you. You will lose yourself by completely identifying with others. Oliver Sacks, a neurologist, describes his encounter on the streets of New York with a woman who uncontrollably copied every person in the crowd she passed. She was over 60, and she imitated the movements and facial expressions of every passerby in rapid succession - no more than one or two seconds for each. Since all passers-by reacted to her frank demonstration with irritation, this state, in turn, was reproduced in response, thereby increasing the absurdity of the situation. Sachs followed the woman as she turned into an alley. “And at that moment, the obviously seriously ill woman rattled off in extremely rapid and abrupt succession all the gestures, postures, facial expressions, mannerisms and complete repertoire of behavior of the last 40 or 50 people she had passed by. She made one huge pantomimic burp in which she spewed out all the identities she had tried on of the last 50 people who passed her.”

The unfortunate woman suffered from an extreme form of the disease called Tourette's syndrome. It is characterized by involuntary movements, thoughts and actions. We usually copy others unconsciously, but for her, imitation became a compulsive behavior. Fortunately, Tourette syndrome is a rare disorder. However, it demonstrates how each of us has to manage our behavior in order to remain within socially acceptable limits. As a rule, if we have an urge, we can use our will to control it. Without even realizing it, we are constantly fighting a battle with our impulses and urges, which, if left unchecked, will turn us into socially maladjusted types. Most of us have socially inappropriate thoughts about others, but we are usually able to keep them to ourselves. Imagine how difficult life would be if you followed your every impulse and told everyone exactly what you thought.

There will be a real doomsday if social norms will be destroyed, so we control ourselves in public. This control is achieved through mechanisms that involve the frontal lobes of the brain, they regulate and coordinate our behavior by inhibiting harmful impulses. And the frontal lobes in humans are one of the last to finally form, which explains the impulsiveness of children and adolescents. They have not yet learned to control their urges.

Those with Tourette's syndrome also have impaired impulse control. Their tic symptoms are spasm-like and seem to be triggered automatically. Some tics are as simple as twitching, while others are more complex and aggressive (for example, coprolalia - the urge to shout insults). Many of us are sometimes ready to burst into curses, but a person suffering from coprolalia cannot stop himself from such actions. Medicines that affect the activity of inhibitory neurotransmitters can alleviate tics, but to date there is no complete cure for Tourette syndrome. Sufferers of this disorder are in a constant battle to control their tics, and these battles become more severe when there are other people around. As the pressure to behave normally increases, the urge to tic may intensify, like an itch in a place you can't scratch in public. And what more people tries to restrain the tic, the more persistent it becomes, as happens with sneezing. It is clear that his encounters with people cause enormous stress, worsening the person's condition as he tries to control himself in a crowd.

However, many of us experience similar impulses in social situations. But why? I think the answer to this question comes down to the same problem that Tourette syndrome sufferers face. The presence of other people provokes anxiety when we are aware of ourselves in public. We feel watched and judged, which critically reinforces our need to appear normal. This fear, in turn, further increases anxiety levels. And as anxiety increases, we lose control of our impulses and impulses.

Where does this self-awareness come from if not from others? Babies are initially unaware of themselves. Somewhere in childhood we begin to develop a sense of self-identity and worth. When we discover who we are, we begin to evaluate ourselves based on what others think of us. Gaining the respect and social approval of others is probably one of our main concerns. But - you may object - who controls antisocial thoughts and actions, if not Me? The answer is that other people both provoke these anxiety reactions and suppress their expression.

Early social development begins with copying others, and we continue to do this throughout our lives. The Illusion of Self works in such a way that we either do not notice to what extent we copy people, or we think that we imitate them of our own free will. When we act socially, we think we are calling the shots and pulling the strings, but this belief in our own autonomy is part of the illusion. We are much more dependent on others than we realize. We strive to be part of a group, but this in turn means that we must control our behavior. You can't do whatever you want and get approval. We want others to value us, but even to increase our self-esteem, we must first find out what others think about us. This requires developing awareness and understanding of what others think. This requires some experience and knowledge.

This text is an introductory fragment. From the book Twenty Great Discoveries in Child Psychology by Dixon Voles

From the book Raising a Teenager author Krukover Vladimir Isaevich

MONKEY AND CHILD 24. Now let's touch more specifically on the problems of our relationships with children. And first of all, we advise you not to forget that a few years of childhood mean more to a person than the rest of your life. The world of ancestors is the childhood of humanity. And then there is the world

From the book Moonlit Paths or The Adventures of Prince Eno author Sokolov Dmitry Yurievich

How the Yellow Monkey almost became the queen and what came of it The Yellow Monkey used to sometimes go to the city - at first very carefully, and then completely calmly. Passing for a man was a piece of cake for her. “One, it’s a piece of cake,” she explained to her friends, “two, it’s a piece of cake.”

From the book Don't Be Fooled! [Body language: what Paul Ekman didn’t say] by Vem Alexander

Freeze frame. Monkey There is one amazing sign by which we can confidently say that two people are a harmonious couple and get along well with each other. It is called specular reflection. After observing how people sit, stand and

From the book Saying No Without Feeling Guilty author Sheinov Viktor Pavlovich

Manipulation “Monkey on the neck” The subordinate turns to the boss: “You instructed me to get a truck crane. They are in the company (the name of the company says), but it is not with my authority to contact them. Now, if you just said a few words, I can dial the phone number of their boss.” Flattered

From the book Stervology. Technologies for happiness and success in career and love author Shatskaya Evgenia

From the book History of People author Antonov Anton

From the book The Art of Trading using the Silva Method by Bernd Ed

From the book Training based on the book by Elizabeth Gilbert. 40 exercises to find happiness by Aber Maria

Monkey Mind, or God is Now After a relaxing, rosé-wine-filled Italy, Elizabeth Gilbert headed to India. The ashram, where fate brought Gilbert, was a real oasis in the desert, a kind of garden of Eden: flowers bloomed on the territory of the ashram, trees grew, and

From the book Unconscious Branding. Use in marketing the latest achievements neurobiology author Praet Douglas Wang

author Ramachandran Vileyanur S.

From the book The Brain Tells [What Makes Us Human] author Ramachandran Vileyanur S.

From the book Russia – an alternative to the apocalypse author Efimov Viktor Alekseevich

The “Talking Monkey” gave birth to a civilization that was suicidal for it. Now the task has arisen - to teach her to live “like a human being” “Term” economic security"in relation to the state and society was introduced into widespread use by US President F. D. Roosevelt in

From the book Naughty Child of the Biosphere [Conversations about human behavior in the company of birds, animals and children] author Dolnik Viktor Rafaelevich

From the book Stratagems. About the Chinese art of living and surviving. TT. 1, 2 author von Senger Harro

From the book Sex at the Dawn of Civilization [The evolution of human sexuality from prehistoric times to the present day] by Geta Casilda

Chapter 4 The Monkey in the Mirror Why must all our abominations necessarily be part of the baggage of the monkey’s past, and every virtue an exclusively human trait? Why don't we seek unity with other animals to explain our "noble" traits? Stephen Jay