Some any every no and their derivatives. Rule for using the pronoun any

Dear readers, you often ask us questions and ask for help. We are happy to help everyone, check your assignments and create articles with explanations. Lately we have received several letters asking us to explain how to use the words some, any, no in sentences. According to your requests, keep the long-awaited article! If you are not always sure what you are using some, any, no as it should, you will definitely need this information.

Any- a determiner, which implies a certain quantity, is used with countable and uncountable nouns, when the specific quantity is not important or does not need to be specified. Any used in interrogative sentences ( any amount; any quantity; some), but, as a rule, is not translated into Russian. And also any occurs in negative sentences ( not at all, not one, none), where it can be translated into Russian:

Have you got any questions? - Do you have (any, any) questions?

Did you buy any milk? - Did you buy (any; any quantity) milk?

Were there any celebrities? - Were there (any, any) celebrities there?

I cannot see any pictures. - I don’t see (any) pictures.

We have not read any letters. - We didn’t read (any) letters.

There is not any furniture in the room. - There is (no) furniture in the room.

No- a determinant that denotes complete absence anything. Used in sentences with negative value. No- a stronger determinant than not any, conveys the idea of ​​absence more emphatically, although both sentences are translated into Russian the same way:

Usually countable nouns are used after no plural, uncountable nouns, but in certain contexts it is also possible to use no with singular countable nouns:

I have got no friends. - I have no friends.

She has no husband. - She doesn't have a husband.

Having a sentence with the word some, you can compose it interrogative form(With any) and two negation sentences (c no And not any). If this topic is new to you, then at first you will still think about what word to use, but in the future you will learn to build different types statements automatically:

We introduced you to the basics of using the words some, any, no. However, that's not all. There are still some nuances, one might say exceptions, which it would also do you good to remember.

As stated above, some most often used in affirmative sentences. Exceptions are interrogative sentences in which something is offered or asked:
Do you mind if...?
Can I have some...?
Would you like...?

Would you like some tea? - Would you like (some) tea?

Do you mind if I take some cake? - Do you mind if I take (a little) cake?

Can I have some water? - Can I have (some) water?

Some are also used in questions when they expect a “Yes” answer, and to make it clear that they are expecting an affirmative answer:

In addition to an indefinite quantity, some denotes the indefiniteness of the thing itself (something) when used with a count noun. If you want to show that an object or person is unknown or of little interest to you, do it using the word some:

As it turns out, some can be found in the question. May be, any used in affirmative statements? Yes, it is used. But not in all, but in some cases.

Any is used in, after if:

If you have any questions, just ask me. - If you have any questions, just ask me.

If they leave any messages, you must inform me. - If they leave any messages, you must inform me.

Any is used in statements to mean “any,” “whatever,” “it doesn’t matter which,” to emphasize the idea of ​​free choice:

You can choose any dress, it will be my present for you. - You can choose any dress, it will be my gift.

If you do not know the way to the laboratory, ask any student. - If you don’t know how to get to the laboratory, ask any student.

If any is used with this meaning, it is emphasized in the sentence.

After words with a negative meaning: never, hardly, without is used any, not some:

That's all you need to know about words some, any, no. Of course, each of these words has additional features, but we will talk about them in our next publications.

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I tried to explain everything you need to know about some - any in this article briefly and accessible language. Read everything carefully and you will understand the material the first time. In the future, you will not have problems or questions about the difference between some and any and how to use them correctly. All examples are given with translation.

Translation of Somebody

Some - Any - are often not translated into Russian at all.
However, rely on the following meanings and translations:

Some - a little, several, some, some.
Any - any.

When is Some Any used and what is their difference?

1. Some - Any used with plural nouns.

I have some money.
I have money.

You can take any bus to the downtown.
You can take any bus to the city center.

He has some friends in New York.
He has friends in New York.

2. Some - Any used when we need to indicate the quantity, but we do not know the exact quantity. Or exact number doesn't matter.

Compare these offers:

I saw seven deer when riding my bike in the forest yesterday.
Yesterday I saw seven deer in the forest.
*We report: we saw as many as 7 deer, we emphasize the number.

I saw some deer when riding my bike in the forest yesterday.
Yesterday I saw deer in the forest.
*We inform the interlocutor about the fact: we saw deer.
We either don’t know how many there were, or it doesn’t matter.

Some differs from Any in that

3. Some used in affirmative sentences.

I'm looking for some good music.
I'm looking for good music.

4. Any used in negatives and interrogatives.

5. Exception #1: Some, however, is used in interrogative sentences when we ask or offer something.

Would you like some more tea?
Would you like some more tea?

Can I have some water, please?
Can I have some water please?

Do you want something to eat?
Do you want to eat something?

6. Exception #2: Any can be used in affirmative sentences, with the words "any, anywhere, however."

This is such simple material that causes some difficulties for beginners in understanding the topic and using - Some - Any in colloquial speech. Although there is nothing complicated in this rule. If you are on beginner level or elementary and pre-Intermediate, this knowledge will be enough for you to provide a basic explanation. They will help you consolidate what you have learned

Take it up a notch - intermediate level- see the rule and examples below.

7. The above rules also apply to derivative words containing some - any: somebody, anybody, something, anything, nothing, somewhere / anywhere / nowhere.

Someone forgot to turn the lights off before leaving.
Someone forgot to turn off the lights before leaving.

I don’t know anyone who works from home.
I don't know anyone who works from home.

Did you meet anyone new at the conference?
Did you meet anyone at the conference?

Nobody likes the new teacher.
Nobody likes a new teacher.

I want to try something new this year.
I want to try something new this year.

I didn't eat anything at the restaurant.
I didn't eat anything at the restaurant.

Are you doing anything interesting this weekend?
Are you doing anything interesting this weekend?

There's nothing to do in this town.
There is nothing to do in this city.

Let's go somewhere warm on our next vacation.
Let's go somewhere on our next vacation.

I can't find my keys anywhere!
I can't find my keys anywhere!

Did you go anywhere else before coming home?
Did you go somewhere else before coming home?

The waiting room was so crowded that there was nowhere to sit down.
The waiting room was so crowded that there was nowhere to sit.

Some pronouns are found more often, some less frequently. Some, any and no are some of the most commonly used and complex ones. After all, each of them forms a variety of word forms that are used in various types sentences with the same meanings, but they do not replace each other. How to understand and remember everything?

This topic is easy to understand if everything is taught in a comprehensive manner and each form is taken apart piece by piece. Let's first see which group we put them in? To indefinite pronouns. Any, no, some or their derivatives do not express someone or something specific, known, or precise. In Russian they sound like “something”, “someone”, “nobody”, “nothing” and so on.

Using some, any, no in a sentence

To understand how derivatives are used indefinite pronouns which we will look at below, you need to understand the basics. The rules are very simple.

1. Some and any in English can serve as nouns or adjectives. In the first case they are used independently, and in the second they are accompanied by a noun. One more point - they have different meanings, which we will consider in the table. Some is used in affirmative sentences. Any — negative, interrogative and conditional.

He asked if I had any interesting DVD disks. — He asked if I had any interesting CDs. (Conditional, like an adjective)

I didn't buy matches. Have you got any? — I didn’t buy matches. Do you have several? (Interrogative as a noun)

The buyers want to get some models of our dresses, we send them some. — Buyers want to see several models of our dresses. We sent them a few. (affirmative as a noun)

I have somecups. Do you need? — I have several cups. Do you need it? (affirmative, like an adjective)

Some	Any
Meaning: several, some, some, before countables
V affirmative sentences	, conditional sentences
He gave me some cigarettes. — He gave me some cigarettes.	She didn't make any mistakes. “She didn’t make any mistakes.”
Some trees were planted yesterday. — Several trees were planted yesterday.
Some people like tea, some don’t like tea. — Some people like tea, some don't.
Meaning: a certain amount, a little, some (usually not translated into Russian)
V affirmative sentences	negative, interrogative, conditional sentences before uncountable nouns
Give me some salt, please. - Give me salt, please.	I don't have any ink. — I don’t have ink.
I need some milk from you. Please give me some. - I need milk. Give it to me please.	There is no water in my glass. Have you got any? — There is no milk in my glass. Do you have?
Meaning: some
in special matters, in general issues if a request is made, something is offered
Why didn’t you buy some bread? - Why didn’t you buy bread?
Can I take some warm water? —Can I get some warm water?
Will you have some coffee? -Would you like some coffee?
Meaning: some of - part
before uncountable nouns
Some of the crop was damaged by rain. — Part of the crop was damaged by rain.
	Meaning: anyone, everyone
	in affirmative and interrogative sentences with units countable. number and uncountable
	I may go out at any time that is convenient to me. - I can leave at any time convenient for me.

So, we got acquainted with the use of the base. The main thing to remember is that some is more often used in affirmative statements, and any - in negative and interrogative statements. To avoid confusion in meaning, look at the meaning of the sentence. Usually it is not difficult if you clearly know the purpose of each.

2. C pronoun no a little simpler. It is used as an adjective before both singular and plural nouns. If there is no in a sentence, then there should be no other negation. On its own, no is not used (none is used instead). Note that after it the noun is used without an article. Also, this pronoun is often used before the subject to intensify - none, none, none.

I have no bag (= I haven’t a bag). — I don’t have a bag.

We had no time. - We didn't have time.

Is there a theater in your town? - No, there is none. — There is a theater in your city. - No.

No girl has been there yet. “No girl has ever been here before.”

Any, some, no + body

Anybody, somebody, nobody/ anyone, someone, no one (no difference in meaning) are used as nouns and translated someone, anyone, no one, none, in other words, they replace an animate noun. All other usage follows the basics described above. Anybody in negative sentences is translated - no one, no one, and sentences with nobody in Russian have two negatives.

Somebody is waiting for you. - Someone is waiting for you.

Is anybody at home? — There isn’t anyone at home. - Is anyone home? - No one is home.

Nobody called him yesterday. - Nobody called him yesterday.

Any, some, no + thing

Anything, something, nothing also function as a noun, but describe an inanimate object - something, anything. Anything in negatives is translated as nothing, and sentences with nothing in Russian have two negatives.

Something has fallen. - Something fell.

Is there anything in the envelope? — Is there anything in the envelope?

Nothing was done. - Nothing was done.

Any, some, no + where

This is how adverbs are formed - somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, nowhere, nowhere. All usage according to the key some, any, no.

Is she going anywhere? - Is she going somewhere?

Tomorrow I will fly somewhere with my boss. - Tomorrow I will fly somewhere with the boss.

Where did you go? - Nowhere. -Where did you go? Nowhere.

Some and any + of

When using these pronouns with of, we mean the meaning - someone or something from, that is, a part of the whole. It is worth noting that nobody, no one, anybody, anyone are not used with of. In the first two cases they are replaced with none, and in the second - any of in the meaning of any of. Instead of somebody used one of.

One of you should tell the truth. - One of you must tell the truth.

Some of my friends speak English. — Some of my friends speak English.

Any of us can go there. - Any of us can go there.

None of them came to me after the accident. “None of them came to me after the accident.”

A couple more secrets!

• Acting as the subject (they come first), nobody, no one, nothing, anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, something require a verb in the 3rd person after themselves singular.
• Often used after these derived pronouns else- more: anything else - anything else?
• nobody, anybody, somebody, someone sometimes meet with possessive case: somebody's hat -someone's hat.

In order for everything to be firmly deposited and remembered, you need to do exercises that will make your path easier. English grammar. The rule is not complicated, the main thing is to understand it: look carefully at the type of sentence, think about what or who you want to say (animate or inanimate), before which part of the sentence. Re-read the article again and move on to the exercises.

Watch this English video that I developed specifically for English language learners to learn when to use English words"some" and "any". These are very common words in English, but both words mean "a certain amount, a little." Let's figure out when to use what. First, I suggest you read the condensed rules for using the words “some” and “any”, and then watch a video dialogue in English, in which married couple discusses what products they have at home and what they need to purchase using phrases with “some” and “any.” As always, under the video itself you will find full text dialogue in English so that you can easily follow the progress of the “actors” communication.

When to use "some" and when to use "any" in English

When we speak English, we often need to define the approximate amount of a substance or objects. This is what the words “some” and “any” are used for in English. Their use will depend on what types of sentences they are used in - positive or negative and interrogative. In addition, their meaning will change depending on whether we use “some” or “any” with countable or uncountable nouns. Well, let's talk about everything in order. Let's start with countable and uncountable nouns and then move on to sentence types.

Countable and uncountable nouns

All nouns are divided into two massive subgroups - countable (those that we can count) and uncountable (those that we cannot count). For example: two chairs, three cabinets, ten apples are countable nouns because we can count them or put a numeral right in front of them, but water, coffee ) or snow (snow) are examples of uncountable nouns, because we cannot say: one coffee, three snows or ten waters. To measure them, we use not only numerals, but also various measures, such as liters, mugs, glasses and meters. For example: two meters of snow, three cups of coffee or five glasses of water.

Constructing sentences with “some” and “any” in English

The general rule for using "some" and "any" is:
1) We use “some” in positive sentences;
2) We use “any” in negative and interrogative sentences;
3) We can use “” in positive sentences to mean “some, any, no matter what”.
"Some" and "any" before countable nouns in sentences
In positive sentences before countable nouns, the word "some" means "several" and the word "any" means "any one, no matter which one." In negative English sentences“any” will mean the complete absence of something, someone, and in interrogatives it means “at all.” For example:
I have some apples. - I have several apples.
Give me any book. - Give me any book.
Do you have any cups in your kitchen? – Do you (at all) have cups in the kitchen?
She doesn't have any textbooks. – She doesn’t have a single book.

"Some" and "any" before uncountable nouns in sentences
Before uncountables, the word “some” means “a little, some quantity” in positive sentences, and the word “any” - “any, some”. Sometimes the word “some” or “any” may not be translated into Russian, but, as a rule, it is used before uncountable nouns to show that, for example, someone drinks not all the tea in the world, but some of it. In negative sentences, “any” means “none, none, none” or “not at all”, i.e. the absence of something in questions – “in general”, i.e. For example:
She drinks some tea in the morning. – She drinks tea (a little tea) in the morning.
Will he bring any wine? – Will he bring (at all) wine?
I won't have any beer, thank you. – I won’t have (any or any) beer, thank you.
Give me any salad you have on your menu. – Give me any salad that you have on the menu. (I don't care what kind of salad you give me)

Dialogue in English: “some” and “any”

Text of the dialogue in English: The husband and wife are discussing which products they have in the house and which ones need to be purchased, and when communicating they use the words “some” and “any”.
- Honey, we don't have any sugar.
- We have some sugar darling. It's in the cupboard.
- Ah, OK. Do we have any eggs? I would like to make some omellette.
- There are some eggs in the fridge, I think.
- Is there any milk in the fridge?
- No, there isn't any milk at all. We need to buy some milk.
- OK. What about flour? Do we have any flour?
- Yes, we do. We have some flour in the cupboard. But we don't have any salt. And there isn't any oil too.
- OK, I'll go shopping and buy some oil, some salt, and some milk. I won't buy any eggs, any flour and any sugar.
- Thank you darling. You are always so helpful. That's why I love you!

On the website of my English language school you will find many free materials for learning English:

A pronoun is a part of a construction that indicates speech to an object or its affiliation and quality, but does not name it. Some pronouns are used frequently, while others are used rarely. In this topic we will study the most complex and frequently used pronouns some any rules of use in various designs sentences and main word forms.

This topic is easy to understand if you learn everything in a certain sequence, in which we tried to present our explanation. We hope that after our lesson this topic will become clear to adults and children. The first place to start is the group to which these pronouns belong.

Some and Any are indefinite pronouns because their derivatives do not express anything specific. In other words, this can be translated into Russian as “someone”, “nothing”, “some” and the like.

Before talking about the use of word forms that are formed from these pronouns, the first step is to learn the stem.

The pronouns some any can play the role of adjectives and nouns in construction. In the first case, they go in conjunction with the same noun, and in the second, they are used separately. Indefinite pronouns have different meanings, which we will talk about a little later. Any is used in interrogative, negative and conditional constructions. Some is used in affirmative constructions.

Examples:

I have some cups. Do you need? - I have several cups. Do you need it? (Affirmative, like an adjective).

He asked if I had any interesting DVD disks. - He asked if I had any interesting CDs. (Conventional, like an adjective).

The buyers want to get some models of our dresses, we send them some. - Buyers want to see several models of our dresses. We sent them a few. (Affirmative, as a noun).

I didn't buy matches. Have you got any? - I didn’t buy matches. Do you have several? (Interrogative as a noun).

Below is a table indicating the main meanings of these indefinite pronouns.

Some any rules of use in the table:

Prules for using some	Rules for using any
Meaning: several, some, any, before countables (a lot of)
in affirmative sentences	in negative, interrogative, conditional sentences
He gave me some cigarettes. - He gave me some cigarettes.	She didn't make any mistakes. - She didn't make any mistakes.
Some trees were planted yesterday. - Several trees were planted yesterday.
Some people like tea, some don’t like tea. - Some people like tea, some don't.
Meaning: a certain amount (much a), a little, some (usually not translated into Russian)
in affirmative sentences before uncountable (a lot of) nouns	in negative, interrogative, conditional sentences before uncountable nouns
Give me some salt, please. - Give me salt, please.	I don't have any ink. - I don't have ink.
I need some milk from you. Please give me some. - I need milk. Give it to me please.	There is no water in my glass. Have you got any? - There is no milk in my glass. Do you have?
Meaning: some
in special matters, in general matters, if a request is made, something is offered
Why didn’t you buy some bread? - Why didn’t you buy bread?
Can I take some warm water? - Can I take some warm water?
Will you have some coffee? - Will you have coffee?
Meaning: some of - part
before uncountable (a lot of) nouns
Some of the crop was damaged by rain. - Part of the crop (meaning from this place) was damaged by rain.
	Meaning: anyone, everyone
	in affirmative and interrogative sentences with units countable. number and uncountable (a lot of)
	I may go out at any time that is convenient to me. - I can leave at any time convenient for me.

Thus, we got acquainted with the main cases of using the basics. The main thing to remember is that any is used in interrogative and negative constructions, and some in affirmative ones. In order not to be confused about the meaning, pay attention to the meaning of the construction.

Using any with no and none

Using any with no is easier to learn. It is used in both the plural and singular as an adjective before a noun. If the construction contains no, no further negation is required. Without a noun no is not used, none is used instead. Also, after no, an article is not required before the noun. In addition, this part of the construction is used before the subject to enhance the meaning of the statement - none, none.

Examples:

No girl has been there yet. - No girl has ever been here before.

I have no bag (= I haven’t a bag). - I don't have a bag.

Is there a theater in your town? - No, there is none. - There is a theater in your city. - No.

We had no time. - We didn't have time.

Note the difference between not and no. We use not for a verb, and no before a noun.

Examples:

There is no information in the file. = There is not any information in the file. – There is no information in the file.

There are no pupils in the classroom. = There are not any pupils in the classroom. - There are no students in the class.

I have no telephone at home. = I have not got a telephone at home. – I don’t have a phone at home.

You can use any option that you like best. But you should not mix them, since in a correctly composed British construction there is only one negative.

This concludes the study of the basic rules for using some, any and no. It's time to move on to their word forms.

Indefinite pronouns and body

Somebody, anybody, nobody/ anyone, someone, no one - all these words are used as nouns and are translated into Russian as no one, someone, no one, anyone. Simply put, they replace animate nouns.

Anybody in sentences expressing negation is translated - no one, no one. Nobody has two negatives in Russian.

Examples:

Nobody called him yesterday. - Nobody called him yesterday.

Is anybody at home? - There isn’t anybody at home. - Is anyone home? - No one is home.

Somebody is waiting for you. - Someone is waiting for you.

Indefinite pronouns and thing

Anything, something, nothing, as in the previous case, act as a noun, however, these words are applicable only to inanimate objects. In translation into Russian it means something, something. Anything in negative constructions is translated as nothing, and sentences with nothing in Russian have two negatives.

Examples:

Nothing was done. - Nothing was done.

Is there anything in the envelope? - Is there anything in the envelope?

Something has fallen. - Something fell.

Indefinite pronouns and where

This is how adverbs are formed. They are translated into Russian as nowhere, somewhere, nowhere, somewhere. Their use corresponds to the use of basic forms.

Examples:

Where did you go? - Nowhere. - Where did you go? Nowhere.

Tomorrow I will fly somewhere with my boss. - Tomorrow I will fly somewhere with the boss.

Is she going anywhere? - Is she going somewhere?

Indefinite pronouns and of

When we use the pronouns in question with of, we are talking about some part of the whole. However, nobody, no one, anybody, anyone are not used with of. In the first two cases they are replaced with none, and in the second - any of in the meaning of any of. One of is used instead of somebody.

Examples:

None of them came to me after the accident. - None of them came to me after the accident.

One of you should tell the truth. - One of you must tell the truth.

Any of us can go there. - Any of us can go there.

Some of my friends speak English. - Some of my friends speak English.

Small tricks to help you learn English

In some cases with nobody, anybody, somebody, someone the possessive case is used. For example, somebody's hat - someone's hat.

Standing in first place and fulfilling the role of the subject, these parts of the construction (nobody, no one, nothing, anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, something) require the use of a 3rd person singular verb after them.

After nobody, no one, nothing, anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, something, else is also often used. For example, anything else - anything else?

The use of several more definite pronouns much and many

We will briefly touch on the section – use in the construction much and many . They are translated as “many” and indicate large number anything.

Much is used with nouns that we cannot count:

Many is used with countable nouns.

Many cookies, many cats, many men.

This is the difference between much and many in the rules of use.

This concludes the analysis of the topic. As you can see, when the right approach This topic will be understandable even for a child. Learn and practice making some any constructions with pronouns in English.