Air conditioning exercise. Conditional sentences in English

Relative clauses

What is it and how to use it?

A relative clause - or in Russian, a attributive clause - is part of a complex sentence that depends on the main clause. It usually combines two small sentences into one or simply adds new interesting information to make it clearer, let's see an example.

I have a mother who works as a doctor. - I have a mother who works as a doctor.

I missed the bus that was going to take me to church. - I missed the bus that was supposed to take me to church.

Defining relative clauses

Defining relative clauses provide important information about

Compare:

1. My sister, who lives in London, is coming to Paris.

2. My sister who lives in London is coming to Paris.

In the first sentence, subordinate clausewho lives in London- this is a non-defining relative clause. This subordinate clause provides additional information: I have only one sister and she lives in London. If we omit the information about where my sister lives, it will still be clear what we want to say.

The second sentence is a defining relative clause: I have several sisters, and at the moment I am talking about the sister who lives in London.

In defining relative clauses we can omit the linking word

I "ve eaten the pasta (which) I made yesterday.

Restrictive subordinate clauses are not separated by commas when writing.

Non-defining relative clauses

Non-defining relatives give additional information about the subject. In this case, the subordinate clause is separated by commas on both sides.

That project, which I started years ago, still isn't finished.

Exercises.

1 .

1. That is the shop ____ was awarded as the best shop in the city. 2. The girl ____ brother goes with me to the gym is a good singer. 3. The man ____ broke into our house was caught in two days. 4. She visits her grandmother ____ lives in countryside every summer. 5. She was wearing a dress ___ looked like princess’. 6. The bookshelf ____ we bought last week has broken down. 7. The man ___ was sitting on the bench turned around and saw his granddaughter. 8. A woman ____ son was crying paid no attention to him. 9. The woman ____ car had broken down on her way home spend 3 hours waiting for help. 10. My best friend ____ I have known for years will never let me down. 11. He didn’t follow the instructions ____ he was given, so he failed to pass the test. 12. The girl ___ lived next door was very shy and couldn’t say a word to protect herself at school. 13. I need to buy a laptop ____ can work up to 5 hours without a charger. 14. My father ___ is a doctor has no idea how to repair a car. 15. The photo ____ is placed on the mantel was taken at the picnic two years ago.

2. Use the appropriate relative pronoun.who, which, that, when, why, whereorwhose.

His sister, … name is Lara, works at the library.

Her last film, … I couldn’t understand at all, was a great success.

Give him something... will take away the pain.

I work in the town… my son lives.

We'll show you the poem... changed my life.

Doctors, … claim money, are shameless.

Is there a shop near here… sells milk?

That’s the main reason…I came to you.

I’ll never forget my childhood… I was so happy.

People... live in flats shouldn't have animals.

The car…he bought last month is fantastic.

This is the most beautiful waterfall…we have ever seen!

3. Connect the sentences using subordinate clauses.

For example: My dad works in a factory. It makes parts for computers. (My father works in a factory. It produces parts for computers.) – The factory... makes parts for computers. – The factory where my dad works makes parts for computers. (The factory where my father works makes computer parts.)

There is a bakery near my house. It sells wonderful pies. – The bakery…sells wonderful pies.

They lived in a cottage. It was struck by lightning. – The cottage... was struck by lightning.

Jane made a seafood salad. Nobody likes it. – Nobody likes the salad….

Jack is an architect. He designed the Opera House. – Jack is the architect… .

The woman didn’t apologize. Her cat bit me. – The woman...didn’t apologize.

Madonna is a famous American singer. Her parents were born in Italy. – Madonna... is a famous American singer.

The apartment is the biggest in the house. The lawyer lives there. – The apartment... is the biggest in the house.

We play tennis in a sports centre. It is very expensive. – The sports center… is very expensive.

Answers

1. which 2. whose 3. who 4. who 5. that 6. that 7. who 8. whose 9. whose 10. whom 11. that 12. who 13. that 14. who 15. that

whose (His sister, whose name is Lara, works in the library.)

which/that (Her last film, which I didn't understand at all, was a big success.)

that (Give me something to relieve the pain.)

where (I work in the city where my son lives.)

which/that (We'll show you the poem that changed my life.)

who (Doctors who demand money are unscrupulous.)

that/which (Is there a store nearby that sells milk?)

why (This is the main reason why I came to you.)

when (I will never forget my childhood, when I was so happy.)

who (People living in apartments should not have animals.)

which/that (The car he bought last month is fantastic.)

that (This is the most beautiful waterfall we have ever seen!)

The bakery which is near my house sells wonderful pies. (The bakery located near my house sells excellent pies.)

The cottage where they lived was struck by lightning. (The cottage they lived in was struck by lightning.)

Nobody likes the salad which Jane made. (Nobody likes the salad Jane made.)

Jack is the architect who designed the Opera House. (Jack is the architect who designed the Opera House.)

The woman whose cat bit me didn’t apologize. (The woman whose cat bit me did not apologize.)

Madonna, whose parents were born in Italy, is a famous American singer. (Madonna, whose parents were born in Italy, is a famous American singer.)

The apartment where the lawyer lives is the biggest in the house. (The apartment in which the lawyer lives is the largest in the house.)

The sports center where we play tennis is very expensive. (The sports center where we play tennis is very expensive.)

Answers:

neither (We asked both of them, but neither of them knows his address.)

either (He lived in Milan and Madrid, but he did not like either city.)

either – or (She is very slim. I think she is either an athlete or a model.)

either – or (Anna never works all day. She works either in the morning or in the afternoon.)

either (He has 2 cars, but I don't like either of them.)

both (She couldn't make her choice, she liked them both.)

either (You can go to Oxford either by bus or by train.)

Either (Will you have fish or chicken? – It doesn’t matter. Either one or the other will do.)

(Will you have apple juice or orange juice? – Neither, thank you. I don’t like juice.)

(Will you have a salad or a steak? – Both. I’m so hungry.)

either (Isn't he using one of the phones?)

neither – nor (My old grandmother could neither read nor write.)

Neither (None of them invited me, so I didn't go there.)

both (You should keep both hands on the steering wheel.)

either (I don't like horror movies, and neither does my husband.)

Both (Both mom and dad have green eyes.)

neither (I asked two friends to help me with the test, but neither of them knew the answer.)

either (Her dress was either black or brown.)

either (Ask Fred or Linda to buy some milk.)

neither – nor (We can’t meet today or tomorrow. I’m terribly busy.)

Either, neither, both

To move on to a more detailed consideration of this topic, study them translations of these conjunctions:

neither... nor - neither... nor;

either ... or - or... or, either... or;

both ... and - and... and, both... and.

Now let's study each of these combinations separately.

 Neither... nor - neither... nor

This conjunction is negative and serves to connect homogeneous members of a sentence. To make its use more clear, study a few examples.

NeitherKatenorher friend answered the question (the conjunction connects subjects) - Neither Katya nor her friend answered the question.

We broughtneitherbooksnorcopy-books (the conjunction connects the additions) - We didn’t bring any books or notebooks.

We mustn'tneitherhelpnorlend the money to John (conjunction connects predicates) - We are not obliged to help or lend money to John.

We boughtneitheroldnornew flat (conjunction connects definitions) - We bought neither an old nor a new apartment.

Please note that the unionneither ... norconnects any members of a sentence: these can be subjects, definitions, objects, predicates, etc.

It should be remembered that the combinationneither ... noroften serves to connect subjects, then the predicate agrees with the nearest subject. But this rule is usually not followed, and the predicate is put in the plural, as shown in the examples above.

Consider this note with an example.

Neithermy friendsnorKate wantsto go to a party - Neither my friends nor Katya want to go to a party (the predicate agrees with the nearest subject).

Neithermy friendsnorKate want to go to a party - Neither my friends nor Katya want to go to a party (the predicate is in the plural - this translation option is usually used).

It is also necessary to pay attention to the fact that in an English sentence there can only be one negation, and since the conjunctionneither ... nor - negative, the predicate in a sentence must always be affirmative. This can be seen from all the above examples.

Ifneither

Study the example.

Weneithersent the parcelnorthe letter - We have not sent either the parcel or the letter.

Either... or - or... or, either... or

This conjunction is used in affirmative sentences, connecting homogeneous members. Unlike the conjunction neither...nor,either ... or, connecting subjects, agrees with the nearest of them.

To make the use of this conjunction more clear, study several examples.

Eitherour classmates,oryour friendhascomplained to the teacher - Either our classmates, or your friend complained to the teacher.

Ifeitherdoes not refer to the subject, then it can be placed before the predicate verb.

They willeitherbuild a restaurantora shopping center in this district - They will build either a restaurant or a shopping center in this district.

If the sentence is negative, then the conjunctioneither ... orcan act as a unionneither ... nor.

Study the example.

We didn't painteitherceilingorwall - We didn't paint either the ceiling or the wall.

Both... and - and... and, both... and

This conjunction is used in affirmative sentences and connects homogeneous members of the sentence. If a conjunction connects subjects, then the predicate must be used in the plural.

Study some examples.

BothJohnandthat engineer refuse to work - Both John and that engineer refuse to work.

We sawboththe universityandthe school - We saw both the school and the university.

1. Choose the appropriate option from the brackets.

We have asked them both but … (neither/both) of them knows his address.

He has lived in Milan and Madrid but he didn’t like … (either/neither) of the cities much.

She is very slim. I think she is... (either/neither) a sportsman... (or/nor) a model.

Anna never works all day. She works … (either/neither) in the morning … (or/nor) after lunch.

He has 2 cars, but I don’t like … (either/neither) of them.

She couldn’t choose between them, she liked them… (both/either).

You can take… (either/neither) a bus or a train to get to Oxford.

Would you like fish or chicken? - It doesn’t matter. … (Either/Both) will do for me.

Would you like apple juice or orange juice? - … (Either/Neither), thanks. I don't like juice.

Would you like some salad or some steak? - ... (Either/Both). I'm so hungry.

Doesn’t he use … (either/neither) of his phones?

My old granny could... (either/neither) read... (or/nor) write.

… (Either/Neither) of them invited me, so I didn’t go there.

You should keep … (either/both) hands on the steering wheel.

I don’t like horror films, and my husband doesn’t like … (either/neither).

… (Either/Both) my mother and father have green eyes.

I asked two friends to help me with the test, but … (either/neither) of them knew the answer.

Her dress was... (either/both) black or brown.

Please ask … (either/neither) Fred or Linda to buy some milk.

We can meet … (either/neither) today … (or/nor) tomorrow. I am terribly busy.

Fill in the gaps and complete the sentences. Use either... or, neither... nor, both... and.

1. I drink... coffee... hot chocolate.  2. I didn't like the new book. It was ... interesting ... useful.  3. I invited two friends, but ... Liz ... Jane could come to the .  4. Granny promised me a nice dessert. It will be... a chocolate cake... an apple pie.  5. Last year I visited ... London ... St Petersburg.  6. Alex will phone me ... at five o"clock ... at six o" clock.  7. No, thank you. I"ll have ... tea ... coffee.

8. - Did anybody come to see you last week?

Nobody did.... Julia... John was there.

9. - Have they arrived yet?

No, they haven't. But I expect them… today… tomorrow.

10. Borrow some money from your friends.... Ann... Mary will help you.

RELATIVE CLAUSES

1 Underline any relative pronouns that can be left out in these sentences.

1 I think that my boss is the personwho I most admire.

2 Harry, who was tired, went to bed very early.

3 Were taking the train that leaves at 6.00.

4 Have you seen the book that I left here on the desk?

5 The film which we liked most was the French one.

6 My radio, which isn’t very old, has suddenly stopped working.

7 The clothes which you left behind are at the reception desk.

8 The couple who met me at the station took me out to dinner.

9 Last week I ran into an old friend who I hadn’t seen for ages.

10 Don’t cook the meat that I put in the freezer - it’s for the dog.

2 Replace the relative pronouns initalics with that, where possible.

1 This is the magazine which I told you about.

... This is the magazine that I tild you about .............................

2 John's flat which is in the same block as mine, is much larger.

3 The girl whose bag I offered to carry turned out to be an old friend.

4 The policeman who arrested she had recognized her car.

5 I work with someone who knows you.

6 We don't sell goods which have been damaged.

7 Brighton which is on the south coast, is a popular holiday resort.

8 I don't know anyone whose clothes would fit you.

9 There's a cafe near here which serves very good meals.

10 People who park outside get given parking tickets.

3 Underline the most suitable word in each sentence.

1 My friend Jack, that/who / whose parents live in Glasgow, invited me to spend Christmas in Scotland.

2 Here's the computer program that/whom / whose I told you about.

3 I don't believe the story that/who /whom she told us.

4 Peter comes from Witney, that/who /which is near Oxford.

5 This is the gun with that/whom/which the murder was committed.

6 Have you received the parcel whom/whose /which we sent you?

7 Is this the person who/which / whose you asked me about?

8 That's the girl that/who / whose brother sits next to me at school.

9 The meal, that / which / whose wasn’t very tasty, was quite expensive.

10 We didn't enjoy the playthat/who / whose we went to see.

4 Put one suitable word in each space, or leave the space blank where possible.

MURDER AT THE STATION by Lorraine Small Episode 5: Trouble on the 6.15 The story so far:

Jane Platt, (1) ….who... is traveling to London because of a mysterious letter, is the only person (2)............................witnesses a murder at Victoria Station. The detective to (3)......................... she gives her statement then disappears. Jane goes to an office in Soho to answer the letter (4).................................she had received . There she discovers that her uncle Gordon, (5)................................. lives in South America, has sent her a small box (6)........................ she is only to open if in trouble. Jane,(7)......................... parents have never mentioned an Uncle Gordon, is suspicious of the box, (8)... ........................ she gives to her friend Tony. They go to Scotland Yard and see Inspector Groves, (9)...................has not heard of the Victoria Station murder, (10)......................... was not reported to the police. Jane gives Inspector Groves the murdered man's ticket, (11)......................... she found beside his body. Then Jane and Tony decide to go to Redhill, (12)................... was. The town ( 13)......................... the murdered man had come from. On the train they meet a man, (14)....... ........................... face is somehow familiar to Jane, (15)............. ............ says he knows her Uncle Gordon …

5 Put a suitable relative pronoun in each space, or leave the space blank where possible.

1 My bike, ...wich............ I had left at the gate, had disappeared.

2 The shoes........................ I bought were the ones...... .................... I tried on first.

3 The bag in........................the robbers put the money was found later.

4 The medicine........................the doctor gave me had no effect at all.

5 Peter,...................................couldn’t see the screen, decided to change his seat.

6 I really liked that tea........................ you made me this morning.

7 What was the name of your friend................................... tent we borrowed?

8 The flight........................................ Joe was leaving on was cancelled.

6 Make one sentence from each group of sentences, beginning as shown.

1 The hotel was full of guests. The hotel was miles from anywhere. The guests hadgone there to admire the scenery.

The hotel, which. ..was miles from anywhere was full of guests who had gone there to admire the scenery......

2 I tape you a book. It was written by a friend of mine. She lives in France.

The book I................................................... ........................................................ ..........

3 A woman’s handbag was stolen. A police officer was staying in the same hotel.

The woman was interviewed by him.

The woman whose................................................... ............................................

4 A goal was scored by a teenager. He had come on as substitute. This goal won the match.

The goal which........................................................ ........................................................ .....

5 I was sitting next to a boy in the exam. He told me the answers.

The boy I........................................................ ........................

6 My wallet contained over £100. It was found in the street by a schoolboy. He returned it.

My wallet......................................................... ........................................................ ............

7 My friend Albert has decided to buy a motorbike. His car was stolen last week.

My friend Albert,................................................... ................................

	8 Carol is a vegetarian. I cooked a meal for her last week. She enjoyed it. Carol................................................... ........................................................ .................... 7 Make one new sentence from each pair of sentences. Begin as shown, and use the word given in capitals..................................
	Brenda is a friend. I went on holiday with her. Brenda is...	the friend who I went on holiday
	This is Mr Smith. His son Bill plays in our team. This is Mr Smith................................................... .........................................	WHOSE
	Her book was published last year. It became a best seller. Her book................................................ ........................................................ ..	WHOSE
	WHICH This is the bank. We borrowed the money from it.
	This is the bank from................................................... ................................... I told you about a person. She is at the door.	the friend who I went on holiday

The person........................................ ...................................................

1 I got on a train. I wanted to go to a station. The train didn't stop there.

The train I.. got on didn"t stop at the station I wanted to go to ......................

2 I read a book. You recommended a book to me. This was the book.

The book I................................................... ........................................................ .......................

3 The ship hit an iceberg and sank.

Warning messages had been sent to it. The ship ignored these.

4 The ship..................................................... ........................................................ ...........................

The postman realized I was on holiday. You had sent me a parcel. The postman left it next door.

5 The postman......................................................... ........................................................ ...................

6 I used to own a dog. People came to the door. The dog never barked at them.

The dog I........................................................ ........................................................ ...........................

7 I bought my bike from a woman. She lives in a house. You can see the house over there.

The woman I................................................... ........................................................ ...................

8 We went to a beach on the first day of our holiday. It was covered in seaweed. This smelled a lot.

The beach we........................................................ ........................................................ ...............

My neighbors have three small children. The children make a lot of noise.

9 My neighbors never apologize.

My neighbors......................................................... ........................................................ ...............

I bought a new computer. It cost me a lot of money.

1 The new................................................ ........................................................ ...........................

... 9 These sentences are all grammatically possible, but not appropriate in speech. Rewrite each sentence so that it ends with the preposition in italics. ..........................

2 Margaret is the girl with whom I went on holiday.

3 Margaret is the girl I went on holiday

4 The golf club is the only club of which I am a member.

5 That's the girl about whom we were talking.

6 It was a wonderful present, for which I was extremely grateful.

7 This is the school to which I used to go.

8 Is this the case in which we should put the wine glasses?

9 Is that the person next to whom you usually sit?

10 This is Bill, about whom you have heard so much.

We continue to practice conditional (Conditional Sentences in the Future) and temporary sentences (Adverbial Clauses of time in the Future) in the future. We always start with simple exercises, namely:

First, you need to understand and memorize subordinating conjunctions (linking words). Learning from a list is a fool’s errand; The safest option is to keep track of conjunctions in sentences. Exercises with conjunctions: ; have already been written. When translating English conditional and tense sentences, it is necessary to understand the difference between

Secondly, you need to “see” in English sentences the grammatical rule for the formation of subordinate clauses of conditions and tenses in the future. To do this, you need to read as many English sentences as possible in a given grammatical field. Then the new, newly learned grammar will be recognizable.

Having dealt with conjunctions and mastered the basic rule of conditional and temporary subordinate clauses in the future, you can move to the intermediate level.

In the following sentences you need to open the brackets and put the verbs in the right tense. It goes without saying that the sentences must be translated.

1. Before John (to start) for London he (to come) to my place to say good-bye.

2. You (to invite) Tom to our party when you (to see) him?

3. Your granny (to be amazed) when you (to see) the view.

4. I (to catch) the train if I (to take) a taxi?

5. You (not to go) until I (to know) the truth.

6. You (to phone) me as soon as you arrive in London?

7. If Ann (to look after) the luggage, I (to buy) the tickets.

8. What he (to do) if he (to fail) his exam?

9. You (to have) a bicycle of your own when you (to be) older.

10. If a beggar (to ask) you for money, you (to give) him any?

11. What did you (to do) when you (to graduate from) your University?

12. Let’s go to the cafe when the concert (to be over).

13. I hope we (to see) before you (to leave).

14. You (to forgive) Tom if he (to apologize) to you?

15. Stay at home until your husband (to return). Give him the note as soon as he (to come).

16. What do you (to do) if you (to want; to hire) a taxi?

17. If I (to meet) Mary today I (to speak) to her.

18. The child (not to improve) unless his elder brother (to set) him a good example.

19. You (must; to help) him if he (to be) in trouble.

20. Henry (to be busy) when we (to return) home?

21. I (not to go) to the party unless you (to come) with me.

22. You (can; to play) the piano if you (to like).

23. The boy (to complain) if I (to punish) him?

24. Don’t get off the bus until it (to stop).

25. You (can; to do) this work If he (to fail) you?

26. I (not to express) an opinion until I (to know) the facts.

27. If he (to make) another attempt, he (to succeed)?

28. The river (not to begin; to rise) until some rain (to fall).

29. I (to write) to you when I (to leave) England.

30. As soon as Henry (to spend) that money He (to try; to borrow) some more.

31. We (to go) to the country tomorrow if the weather (to be) fine?

32. The train (not can; to move) until the snow (to fall).

33. If you (to take) more interest in the language you (to succeed).

34. Don’t leave the house until you (to wash) your face.

35. What do you (to do) if your children (to behave) badly?

36. When John (to grow) a beard, even his closest friends (not to recognize) him.

37. You (to go) with us to the ZOO tomorrow if you (to be) a good boy.

38. You (to help) me if I (to need) you?

39. If you (to leave) the letter on the table, my sister (to post) it for you.

40. What do you (to do) if you (not to share) your companion’s opinion?

Example: Perhaps one day you will meet Britney Spears.
What would you do if you met Britney Spears?

Perhaps one day a cat will follow you home.
What would you do...
Perhaps one day someone will ask you to sing your favorite song.
What would you do...
Perhaps one day you will find a hidden treasure.
What would you do...
Perhaps one day somebody will throw an egg at you.
What would you do...
Perhaps one day your car will be stolen.
What would you do...

Task 2. Connect the parts of the sentences.

1. I would buy the ring	A. if it snows.
2. If I had taken my mother’s advice	B. I would study French.
3. If you help me	C. I wouldn’t have left the university.
4. We will go skiing	D. if it was cheaper.
5. If I had a lot of free time	E. I won’t be late for work.

Task 3. Put the verb in brackets into the correct form.

If you drive so fast, you………(crash).
If I had had more time, I………(help) you.
If I had a yacht, I………often………(go) sailing.
I would travel a lot if I …………(have) a lot of money.

Task 4. From two options, choose one correct one.

If it rains/will rain, I will stay at home.
If I had a lot of money, I buy/I would buy a big house.
Jim would have entered the university if he had passed/has passed the exams.
If I were/would be you, I would tell him everything.

Task 5. Translate into English.

If I were you, I wouldn't buy this dress.
I'd give you a ride if I had a car.
If you hadn't forgotten your umbrella, you wouldn't have caught a cold.
If you had worked harder last year, you would now be fluent in English.

Answers with explanations

Exercise 1.

All sentences in this task describe imaginary (incredible/unlikely) situations, not real ones. In such cases it is used the second type of conditional sentences. In the second type of conditional sentences, the Past Simple is used in the subordinate part (condition), and the subjunctive form - would - is used in the main sentence (consequence).

What would you do if a cat followed you home?
What would you do if someone asked you to sing your favorite song?
What would you do if you found a hidden treasure?
What would you do if somebody threw an egg at you?
What would you do if your car was/were stolen? (in the subordinate part (condition) of conditional sentences it is permissible to use were instead of was)

Task 2.

Let's look at the translation: I would buy a ring... This is an imaginary situation, which means it is necessary to use the second type of conditional sentences - Past Simple in the subordinate clause (condition), would - in the main clause (consequence). In the first part of the sentence, the subjunctive form would is used, which means that from the answers we are looking for an option that is suitable in meaning in the form Past Simple. We choose if it was/were cheaper and remember that in the subordinate part (condition) of conditional sentences it is permissible to use were instead of was.

Let's look at the translation: If only I had listened to my mother's advice... Let's look at the design – had taken (Past Perfect). If the Past Perfect is used in the subordinate clause (condition), this indicates the third type of conditional sentences. In the third type, the construction would have (done) is used in the main clause. We are looking for a suitable option among the answers in terms of design and meaning. Choose

Let's look at the translation: E if you help me... Let's look at the design - If you help me (Present Simple)

Let's look at the translation: A we'll go skiing... Let's look at the design - We will go skiing (Future Simple)

Let's look at the translation: if I had a lot of free time... This is an imaginary situation, which means it is necessary to use the second type of conditional sentences - Past Simple in the subordinate clause (condition), would - in the main clause (consequence). Let's look at the design - If I had a lot of free time (Past Simple). From the answers we select the option that is suitable in meaning and design. Select I would study French.

Task 3.

will crash
Let's translate the proposal: If you drive that fast, you'll crash. This is a very real, feasible assumption, which means it is the first type of conditional sentence. Next we look at the design – If you drive so fast (Present Simple). If the Present Simple is used in the subordinate clause (condition), this again indicates the first type of conditional sentences. In the first type, the tense Future Simple – will crash is used in the main clause.
would have helped
Let's translate the proposal: If I had more time... we'll go skiing... had had more time (Past Perfect). If the Past Perfect is used in the subordinate clause (condition), this indicates the third type of conditional sentences. In the third type, the construction would have (done) is used in the main clause. Therefore, the correct form is would have helped.
would often go
Let's translate the proposal: If I had a yacht... This is an imaginary situation, which means it is necessary to use the second type of conditional sentences - Past Simple in the subordinate clause (condition), would - in the main clause (consequence). In the subordinate part, Past Simple is used - if I had a yacht, which again confirms that this is the second type of conditional sentences. Therefore, the correct form is would often go.

Let's translate the proposal: I would travel a lot if... This is an imaginary situation, which means it is necessary to use the second type of conditional sentences - Past Simple in the subordinate clause (condition), would - in the main clause (consequence). Therefore, the correct form is had.

Task 4.

rains
Let's look at the construction in the main clause - will stay (Future Simple). This means that in the subordinate clause we choose Present Simple, since this is the first type of conditional sentences (a very real, feasible assumption).
would
Let's look at the construction in the subordinate clause - had a lot of money (Past Simple). This means that in the main sentence we choose would buy, since this is the second type of conditional sentences (an imaginary situation).
had passed
We look at the construction in the main clause - would have entered.

were Let's look at the construction in the main clause - would tell..

This construction corresponds to the second type of conditional sentences, where the Past Simple is used in the subordinate clause. Moreover, in the conditional part one can see the combination -

If I were you (if I were in your place)
Task 5.
If I were you, I wouldn’t buy this dress.
This is an imaginary situation, so the second type of conditional sentences is used (Past Simple is used in the condition, would - in the consequence. It is also necessary to pay attention to the expression If I were you (if I were in your place).
I would give you a lift if I had a car.
This is an imaginary situation, so the second type of conditional sentences is used (Past Simple is used in the condition, would - in the consequence).
If you hadn't forgotten the umbrella, you wouldn't have caught a cold.
This is a conditional sentence of the third type, which expresses an assumption related to the past and which is impossible to fulfill. In the subordinate clause (condition) the Past Perfect is used, and as a consequence – would have (done). If you had worked harder last year, you would know English well now. This is a conditional offer

formed from elements of the second and third types. Sometimes a condition can refer to the past and a consequence to the present/future or vice versa. In this sentence, the condition refers to the past, so we use Past Perfect (had worked). At the same time, the main clause refers to the present, so we use would know.

First Conditional

is an important topic in English grammar. Conditional sentences of type 1 are used very often. Therefore, you just need to thoroughly work on this topic. The following 12 conditionals exercises will undoubtedly be useful to you.

Let's remember a little theory!

Type I conditional sentences

Use

Subordinate ave.

Main Ave.

These sentences express very real, feasible assumptions related to the future or present time.

Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect

Future Simple, can, may, might, must, should, Imperative

If the weather is nice, we’ll go for a walk. – If the weather is good, we will go for a walk.

If you see Greg, ask him to call me at

phone

As you can see, consumption is not the most difficult topic. A few good exercises and you will master it perfectly. So, let's move on to conditionals exercises.

First Conditional Exercises.

Exercise 1. Put the verbs in the brackets into the Present Indefinite or the Future Indefinite Tense.

If Peter __________ (come) to my place, we__________ (go) to play in the yard.
If Peter__________ (not come) to my place, I __________ (watch) TV.
If Frank’s parents__________ (have) their holidays in summer, they __________ (go) to the seaside.
If they __________ (have) their holidays in winter, they __________ (stay) at home.
If the fog _______ (thicken), Harold _______ (put up) the tent for the night.
When I _______ (finish) my work, I_______ (go) to the cinema.
We_______ (buy) this book as soon as our mother_______ (give) us some money.
When we _______ (come) to your place you_______ (show) us your present.
I_______ (return) you your ring when you_______ (ask) me.
I_______ (wait) for my friend until he_______ (come) from the shop.
My father_______ (start) writing before the sun _______ (rise).
As soon as you _______ (finish) your study I_______ (present) you with a new flat.

Exercise 2. Put the verb in the brackets in the correct tense to form the First Conditional.

Maria is a girl from your country. She is studying English and she"d like to visit an English-speaking country.

If Maria (go) abroad, she (go) to England or America. She (visit) London if she (go) to England. If she (stay) in London, she (spend) much money. She (not be able) to stay for long if she (spend) all her money. If her holiday (be) very short, she (not practice) her English. It (be) a pity if she (not try) to speak English.

Exercise 3. Make up conditional 1 sentences with if-clauses.

Example: Molly leave now / catch the bus.

If Molly leaves now, she’ll catch the bus.

stay in bed / feel better
work hard / get a job
go shopping / spend a lot of money
ride a bike / get there quickly —
eat carrots/see well in the dark .
come now/go out together

Exercise 4. Connect the sentences with when or if to form the first conditional.

Jack will come. We shall play chess. - When Jack comes, we shall play chess.

All the pupils will come to school tomorrow. We shall write a test then.
I'll meet Ann after school. I'll give her my album.
You'll not do your homework. The teacher will be angry.
Mike won't come today. We'll play football without him.
I’ll finish school with good marks. My father will take me to the seaside. .
My school record may not be very good. Mom will be very upset.

Exercise 5. Continue the chain stories. Use conditional 1.

If Brian has a lot of money, he'll buy a bike.

If he buys a bike, he’ll ...

If he rides it...

If you don’t do well at school, you’ll become a bad pupil.

If you become a bad pupil, you’ll stay ...

Exercise 6. Study the list of prizes and speak for Nick and Tom, using conditional 1.

When Nick has breakfast at Tom's house, he sees a packet of cornflakes on the table. On the back of it he sees this paper.

ANSWER AND WIN ONE OF THESE WONDERFUL PRIZES!

1st prize - a holiday in New York,

2nd prize - a motor-bike.

3rd-5th prize - a tent.

6th-12th prize - a cassette-recorder.

13th-20th prize - a camera.

21st-36th prize - an alarm-clock.

37th-50th prize - a book of flowers of Britain.

51st-99th prize - a T-shirt with Big Ben on it.

After reading it Tom has sent the answers.

a) Nick says to Tom:

If you win the first prize, you’ll get a holiday in New York.
If you win the second prize, you’ll get ... .
If you win the third prize, you’ll ...
If you win...
If...
If...
If...
If...

If I win a holiday in New York, I’ll come and visit you.
If I win...
If I...

Exercise 7. Make conditional sentences.

I’ll buy a color film and take a lot of pictures if …
I’ll have a party and we can dance to music if …
I'll go camping in the Lake District if...
Molly’ll learn a lot of things if…
I shan’t sit with you at the same desk unless…
I’ll send her a letter as soon as …
If he does his homework every day he…
If he comes in the afternoon we…
If you live in a big city what...?
If Milly gives me her address, I...
If you don’t stop talking, the teacher …

Exercise 8. Answer the questions in conditional 1.

What will you do

if it rains on Sunday?
if your friends don’t play with you?
if your TV doesn’t work this evening?
if you lose your school record-book?
when are the lessons over?
when does your holiday come?
when your friend comes to see you tonight?
when do you finish your homework?

Exercise 9. Imagine that you are eighteen and you have finished school. What will you do then? Develop the following situation. Begin like this.

When I’m eighteen, I think I’ll I don’t think I’ll ..., but if , I’ll try

Exercise 10. Join two sentences into one using if.

It will rain today. We shall not go for a walk.
Don't move. You'll fall down.
The wind will change. There will be snow.
I'll be careful. I will not break the cups.
You have free time now. Come for a walk with me.
I'll go hiking in summer. I’ll see a lot of interesting things.
He'll go shopping. He’ll buy some exercise-books for me.

Exercise 11. Complete the sentences.

Your Dad will get angry if you... .
My Mum will be happy if I... .
My sister will shout at me if I...
The teacher will not be happy if we ...
You will do well at school if you ...

Exercise 12. Write answers to the questions.

What will you do if you jump into the river and see a crocodile there?
What will your mother do if you break her favorite vase?
What will the teacher do if you don’t do what she asks you to do?
What will your friends do if you call them bad names?
What will you do if you loose your school record-book? .

Well, that’s all for today on the topic of type 1 conditional sentences. I hope you find these first conditional exercises useful. Conditionals exercises will make you feel confident in your English!