How to properly collect a urine test for a woman. How is a pregnancy test done? Why is it important to follow urine collection rules correctly?

Before taking the test, it is advisable to consult with the prescribing doctor, who will explain in detail how to take a urine test correctly.

To obtain the most reliable analysis result, you should adhere to the rules for preparing and collecting material, as well as delivering it to the laboratory.

If urine is prepared and submitted incorrectly, the test results are distorted, which necessitates repeated testing, and in some cases can lead to diagnostic errors.

Rules for preparing for analysis

It is not advisable (allowed if there is an urgent need) to give urine for analysis:

within a week after cystoscopy or urethroscopy;
during acute respiratory or other diseases accompanied by fever;

If it is necessary to submit urine for analysis, women during menstruation are recommended to use a hygienic tampon to prevent menstrual fluid from getting into the collected material. If you don’t have a hygienic tampon, you can make one from cotton wool or gauze.

The day before the test you should:

abstain from sexual contacts;
avoid excessive physical and psycho-emotional stress;
do not drink alcohol;
do not drink mineral water;
exclude from the diet fruits and vegetables that can color urine (cranberries, beets, carrots);
do not take vitamin preparations;
Agree with your doctor about the possibility of taking medications or the need to discontinue them.

It is necessary to prepare a container for collecting urine in advance. It is advisable to use disposable plastic containers, specifically designed for this purpose. They can be purchased at pharmacies, and in some laboratories they are given to the patient when registering for a test. In the absence of a special container, you can use a previously thoroughly washed and sterilized glass jar with a tight lid (household plastic containers are not suitable for this purpose).

A general urine test is carried out regularly for pregnant women until childbirth, since it allows one to detect the development of different types pathologies and take the necessary measures in a timely manner.

In different laboratories, the conditions for the preparation and delivery of material may differ, including the fact that a number of laboratories do not accept material for research in any other container other than a special container, so it is advisable to inquire in advance about the rules for accepting urine for analysis in the laboratory where it will be carried out. give up analysis.

Before collecting urine, it is necessary to toilet the external genitalia, but using antibacterial soap for this purpose is not recommended. While filling the container, do not touch the genitals with it.

Collecting urine for analysis in adults usually does not cause difficulties, but in young children it can be difficult. For infants, pharmacies sell special urinals that make the task much easier.

If urine is prepared and submitted incorrectly, the test results are distorted, which necessitates repeated testing, and in some cases can lead to diagnostic errors.

Urine tests

Urine is a biological fluid that is produced by the kidneys when filtering blood and removes filtered substances that are unnecessary for it from the body. The volume of urine excreted per day is called daily diuresis.

Analysis according to Nechiporenko

Normally, the color of urine is light yellow. Its change allows us to suspect pathological processes in the body. For example, an orange-brown color may indicate liver disease, a reddish color may indicate glomerulonephritis, urolithiasis, or neoplasms of the urinary tract.

Promotion specific gravity(density) may indicate dehydration; a decrease may indicate kidney pathologies.

Urine is normally clear, but cloudiness can be caused by protein, red blood cells, microorganisms, salts, mucus, pus and other impurities.

Protein in the urine may indicate the presence of diseases of the urinary system; glucose and ketone bodies in urine are determined when diabetes mellitus.

Red blood cells are found in pyelo- and glomerulonephritis, urolithiasis, infectious diseases, systemic diseases, and poisoning. The number of leukocytes in the urine increases with pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis.

Cylinders are found in urine in cases of kidney disease, fever, heart failure, hypertension, and poisoning with heavy metal salts. Microorganisms – during infectious processes.

Video from YouTube on the topic of the article:

A general urine test (UCA) allows you to determine not only diseases of the genitourinary system, but also to identify most other disorders and pathologies of the body, regardless of origin.

But many people often have questions concerning general analysis urine - how to collect it, what preparatory measures need to be taken, how much urine is required, and what do such studies generally show?

What does the analysis show?

When examining the material, experts pay attention for the following characteristics urinary fluid:

physico-chemical;
organoleptic;
microscopic;
biochemical.

In each case, conclusions can be drawn regarding the presence or absence of diseases of different origins.

Physico-chemical indicators

Such information includes relative density (specific gravity) and the reaction of the medium. Relative density shows the ability of the kidneys to concentrate or dissolve various substances, and for this a device called a urometer is used.

Normally, this indicator is the amount 1006 – 1026 g/l, if the values are elevated, this may indicate the following disorders and diseases:

pathological processes in the liver;
nephrotic syndrome;
decreased urine production in the body;
toxicosis with;
diabetes mellitus;
heart failure.

If figures are underestimated– additional examinations are carried out for the presence of renal failure, diabetes insipidus and damage to the kidney tubules.

The normal reaction of the environment should vary within the range 5-7 units.

An increase in the norm is typical when there is a lack of protein in the diet; with reduced levels, the patient, on the contrary, should add more plant foods to his menu.

Organoleptic data

In this case, the type and quality of urinary fluid is assessed. U healthy person there must be urine light yellow color, and with other shades one can draw conclusions about the corresponding diseases:

With serious metabolic disorders, urine may be dark, almost black.
A bright pink color indicates internal bleeding.
When the bile duct is obstructed, the urine becomes greenish in color.
Red urine is a sign of glomerulonephritis.
Diseases of the liver and kidneys lead to a change in the color of urine to dark brown.
In case of kidney pathologies, the urine will be white and cloudy.

Odors can also indicate some problems: if the urine is sharp smells like ammonia– there are suspicions of inflammatory processes in the bladder.

A heavy smell of rot when urinating indicates infectious lesions of the genitourinary organs. If present sweetish pungent odor– The patient should be screened for diabetes.

Regardless of the color, the urine may be cloudy. Cloudiness always speaks of inflammatory processes and urolithiasis.

Microscopic studies

In this case, the urinary fluid is examined under a microscope, which makes it possible to identify casts, leukocytes, epithelial cells and red blood cells in the material. Depending on their quantitative content, various diseases of the kidneys, liver and genitourinary system can be diagnosed.

Biochemical indications

This method allows you to determine the amount of glucose, urobilinogen, bilirubin and other substances and trace elements. They are not usually found in urine, but presence of such elements(see form below) helps identify the following violations:

protein – inflammation in the urinary system and damage to the renal membranes (typical of chronic renal failure, myocardial infarction, diabetic nephropathy);
glucose – pancreatitis, heart attacks, diabetes;
urobilinogen – serious pathological processes extending to the liver;
hemoglobin - muscle damage due to increased physical activity and intoxication;
ketone bodies – advanced diabetes mellitus;
nitrites – infectious lesions genitourinary system.

You can take the general test both in city clinics and in private laboratories. The analysis is done either when indicated, or on the initiative of the patient himself.

What are the indications for taking the test?

A general urine test is prescribed upon suspicion for the following diseases:

diabetes mellitus;
, pyelonephritis and other diseases of the genitourinary system;
infectious lesions;
metabolic disorders.

OAM is also taken during routine preventive examinations.

Preparing for tests

Violation of the drinking regime can lead to a violation of the specific gravity of urine, and this will lead to incorrect interpretation of the results.

The acidity of urine may be affected by drinking the day before. mineral water in large quantities.

This also applies to nutrition: excessive consumption of only plant foods or exclusively meat food also affects acidity, so a couple of days before collecting the material it is better to adhere to mixed diet.

You should also exclude consumption on these days. sweets and alcohol.

Two days in advance preferably stop taking any medications, but when undergoing a course of treatment for serious diseases, this should only be done with the knowledge of the attending physician.

If it is impossible to stop taking medications, you must inform about this when submitting the material so that specialists take into account the possible increase in the concentration of certain substances in the urine due to taking medications.

How to properly collect and donate urine?

Collecting urine for analysis is a simple procedure, but it is very important to do it correctly by adhering to the following algorithm:

It is better to purchase a container for donating urine at a pharmacy or get it from a clinic.
Before collecting urine, it is necessary to wash the genitals, or better yet, take a shower to prevent various microorganisms from entering the material. It is permissible to use a 0.02-0.1% solution of potassium permanganate.
Urine should be collected only in the morning and within the first two hours the material should be taken for examination.
Urine collection is not performed immediately: small quantity No urine should enter the container during the first three to four seconds of urination.

For adults and older adults, this procedure is not difficult, but if it is necessary to collect material, problems may arise for infants: you will have to wait until the child starts urinating, but it will not be possible to collect urine in a container, so you will have to use a special urinal.

It is put on the baby instead of a diaper, and after urination, the liquid is drained from it into a container.

When giving urine pregnant women It is also necessary to take into account some features. First of all, the day before collecting the material, you need to completely eliminate any physical activity, as this will lead to increased accumulation of protein in the urine.

Urine collection should be carried out under the most sterile conditions: the collection container must be thoroughly rinsed, and immediately before collection, take a shower. Simply washing the genitals is not enough, since various microorganisms can penetrate from the vagina.

This can be prevented by using a tampon when urinating: this hygiene product will temporarily limit the access of microorganisms to the urethra.

How much urine is needed for general analysis?

For the average adult patient over 18 years of age, it is enough to take approximately 80 milliliters of material, but if there is difficulty urinating, which is characteristic of some kidney diseases, you should try to collect at least 50 milliliters.

For children aged from one month to one year, it is enough to collect at least 40-50 milliliters urine, the minimum allowable amount of material is 20 milliliters, but the examination will be difficult.

The greatest problems are caused by collecting urine for analysis in newborns: in the first days of life, children practically do not urinate, and if the process of urination does occur, then in these cases it is rarely possible to obtain urine in an amount of more than 10 ml.

In such cases, the examination will also be difficult, but possible (in extreme cases, you will have to collect the material several times).

General urine analysis - the simplest way research that allows judge the development of various pathogenic processes and diseases caused by organic pathogens. In some cases, such an analysis makes it possible to diagnose diseases even if the patient has no complaints and is asymptomatic.

Features and rules for collecting urine for OAM in adults and children - watch the video:

The technique for collecting urine differs significantly depending on the type of analysis ordered. And the result of the study will largely depend on how correctly you prepare for collecting the analysis and how you collect urine. From this article you will learn how to correctly collect urine for testing, and then laboratory diagnostics will be correct.

Types of urine tests

For any disease, and simply when undergoing preventive examinations and medical examinations, some urine tests are prescribed, at least a general analysis. And in some cases (urinary tract, endocrine diseases, cardiovascular system etc.), the following studies and tests can be additionally carried out:

Nechiporenko's test;
Amburger's test;
Addis-Kakovsky test;
Zimnitsky's test;
bacteriological analysis of urine (test for sterility, culture for flora and sensitivity to antibiotics);
biochemical urine analysis;
two-glass and three-glass samples.

In specialized hospitals, some other studies are also carried out (Rehberg test, stress tests, prednisolone test, etc.), but we will not dwell on them here, since special preparation for such studies is carried out under the supervision of medical personnel.

Each of the tests required has its own characteristics that must be taken into account when preparing for collection and directly when collecting urine. Unfortunately, doctors do not always provide patients necessary information according to collection technique. Then the results from the laboratory come back that are not true, the disease may not be noticed on time or misdiagnosed, and doctors have to prescribe repeated or additional tests and studies. Ultimately, diagnosis is delayed, treatment is prescribed late, or, on the contrary, unnecessary drugs are prescribed for a false diagnosis, time and money are wasted.

Collecting urine from young children who do not (or do not always and do not completely control) the process of urination also poses a certain difficulty. But even with them, most tests can be performed correctly the first time, if parents know how to prepare the child, a container for urine, when it is better to collect material for research, and other points.

General urine test

Urine should be collected in a special plastic container.

Preparing for collection: thorough toileting of the external genitalia: the child needs to be washed (with baby soap or a special detergent). Do not forget that girls are washed from front to back, and when washing boys, the foreskin is pulled back, exposing the head of the penis.
Urine container: any clean glass or plastic container (not necessarily sterile!). Wash the jar warm water with soap and rinse.
Collection time: The best option is a morning urine sample. Moreover, it is advisable to examine urine within an hour after collection, since during long-term storage (especially outside the refrigerator), red blood cells and casts are destroyed, the number of bacteria increases, and acidity changes. But sometimes there is no opportunity to collect urine in the morning (parents of babies may not be able to “figure it out” right moment exactly in the morning, and the laboratory usually takes tests only 2-3 hours in the morning). In this case, urine can be collected in the evening and stored in the refrigerator, in which case the main indicators of the analysis will remain unchanged.
Collection technique: Before collecting the analysis, it is recommended to release a little urine to reduce the entry of bacteria, vaginal epithelial cells, and leukocytes from the vagina. That is, urination is divided approximately in half, the child releases the first portion of urine into the toilet (potty), and the second into a previously prepared container.

Nechiporenko test

Preparing for collection:
Urine container: any clean glass or plastic container.
Collection time: morning (first morning urination).
Collection technique: strictly an average portion of urine (the child should begin and end urination in a potty or toilet, only the average portion is collected).

Amburger's test

Preparing for collection: toileting of the external genitalia before each urination in older children, and in small children - with each change of the urinal bag.
Collection container: any clean glass or plastic container with a volume of at least 1 liter.
Collection time: as prescribed by a doctor. More often, urine collected in the morning is examined.
Collection technique: For analysis, urine excreted by the child for 3-4 hours is collected under normal daily routine, nutrition and drinking conditions. Usually the child is asked to urinate at 7 am, and this portion of urine is poured out. Over the next 3 hours, collect all the urine excreted by the child into one container. For children, if such an analysis is necessary, a urinal bag is attached, replacing it as it fills. If the child urinated several times during this period, collected urine stored in the refrigerator.

Addis–Kakovsky test

Preparing for collection: toileting the external genitalia before bed. In adolescents, the Addis-Kakovsky test is performed against the background of fluid intake restriction (the child is given less water than usual) in the morning of the day on which the analysis is scheduled. In children younger age Fluid intake is not limited.
Collection container: any clean glass or plastic container with a volume of at least 1 liter (for older children - 1.5-2 liters).
Collection time: Most often, urine is examined 12 hours in advance (at night) or 24 hours in advance. At 20.00 the child empties the bladder (this portion is poured out), all subsequent portions of urine are collected in one container and stored in the refrigerator. The last urination is at 08.00 (mandatory), this portion of urine is added to the previously collected one.

Zimnitsky test

The Zimnitsky test involves collecting urine in a separate container every 3 hours.

Preparing for collection: special training not required. Drinking regime, nutrition, and hygiene measures are carried out as usual.
Collection container: clean plastic or glass jars (8 pcs), onto which labels are glued indicating the collection interval (1 jar for every 3 hours: from 06.00 to 09.00, from 09.00 to 12.00, etc., the last container is from 03.00 to 06.00) .
Collection time: All urine excreted by the child during the day is collected.
Collection technique: The patient is not forced to specifically empty the bladder! Urine excreted during a natural urge within a certain period of time is collected in an appropriate container. If the child has not urinated in a three-hour period, the jar remains empty, and the laboratory technician will put a dash in the column. Children who do not hold urine during night sleep have a urine bag secured at night, checking that it is full after a three-hour period.

In children under 2–3 years of age, the Zimnitsky test is rarely performed, since it is not possible to collect absolutely all of the daily urine before the onset of voluntary controlled urination, and the test result will be unreliable.

Bacteriological urine analysis

Preparing for collection: thorough toilet of the external genitalia.
Collection container: sterile test tube or other sterile container.
Collection time: usually in the morning, that is, the first urination after a night's sleep.
Collection technique: 5-10 ml are collected strictly from the middle portion (the child begins and ends urinating in the potty or on the toilet). Urine is rarely collected from children using a catheter to test for sterility.

Biochemical urine analysis

Preparing for collection: It is advisable to toilet the external genitalia before each urination (there is no need to use soap every time you wash).
Collection container: any clean plastic or glass container with a volume of at least 1 liter (for older children - 1.5–2 liters).
Collection time: day.
Collection technique: urine is collected between 07:00 and 07:00. The first portion of forced urination (at 07.00 the child is asked to pee on the potty) is poured out, the subsequent portions are poured into a clean container, which will be stored in the refrigerator. If the child is small, urination is controlled by periodically putting the baby on the potty (so that he does not urinate by). At 07.00 the next day, the child is again asked to empty the bladder, and this last portion of urine is added to the general container.

Two-glass and three-glass samples

Preparing for collection: no preparation is provided. You should not wash your child before collecting urine!
Collection container: any clean glass or plastic container (2 pcs. for a two-glass sample and 3 pcs. for a three-glass sample).
Collection time: first morning urination.
Collection technique: urine is collected sequentially in different containers: the beginning of urination is carried out in the first container, the middle - in the second, urination is completed in the third container, or, with a two-glass sample, in the toilet.

Features of urine collection in babies

When conducting a general analysis, and especially the Nechiporenko test, it is better if you are able to collect urine immediately into a specially prepared container, rather than pouring it from a pot or urinal.

The fact is that when collecting analysis in a urinal or pot in the urine, even healthy child(especially in girls) “extra” cells (leukocytes, epithelium) and bacteria may be detected that got there not from the kidneys and urinary tract, but from the external genital organs.

To collect the analysis directly into a container, you can use the following methods:

Try to stimulate urination reflexively: hold the child over the sink, turning on the water (the sound of water stimulates urination in children older than one year); in infants, urination is caused by the Perez reflex (stroking the back along the spine while lying on the stomach).
In newborns and children in the first six months of life, it may be more convenient to focus on the approximate time of urination: most children pee immediately after sleep, during feeding or immediately after it. To collect urine, the child must be washed before bedtime (or before feeding), undressed from the waist down and placed on an oilcloth with a diaper placed on top of it. If the room is cool, you can cover your baby with a light blanket. During feeding, the mother lies down next to the baby, holding a previously prepared container in her hands. When urination begins, the container is replaced.

If you cannot collect urine using the methods listed above, you can use a urinal (a special sterile bag with Velcro that is attached around the child’s genitals), and for older children, a potty.

To everyone to modern man I had to get tested several times. A medical specialist can issue a referral for a urine test at an outpatient appointment - when visiting a doctor due to deterioration in health or a routine preventive examination.

At the same time, very often the practicing doctor does not have enough time to explain to the patient how to take a urine test correctly, and the patient has to act independently. But the assessment of the functional activity of the urinary system and the detection of pathological processes in these organs depend on the accuracy of the research results.

That is why compliance with the rules for taking the test is an additional “insurance” against an incorrect diagnosis and an irrationally conducted course of treatment. In our article we want to tell you when it is necessary to take a urine test, what the study of this biological substance includes, and how to properly prepare for it.

General information about urine tests

Urine is a biological fluid with which the end products of metabolic processes are removed from the human body.

It is conventionally divided into:

primary urine - formed during the filtration of blood plasma in the renal glomeruli;
secondary - the product of reabsorption (reabsorption) by the renal tubules of water and dissolved substances necessary for the body.

The system of organs that forms, stores and removes urine is called the urinary system, it includes a pair of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and fluid is secreted from the urethra (urethra)

Violation of the functional activity of these organs is reflected in the parameters of a general clinical study, which allows:

Detect metabolic disorders.
Identify signs of infection and inflammation of the urinary tract.
Establish the correct diagnosis.
Prescribe effective treatment.
Recommend a balanced diet.
Monitor the dynamics of the pathological process.

A general urine test includes a sequential study of:

physical properties– color, degree of transparency and relative density;
bio chemical characteristics– the presence of protein, glucose, ketone and urobilin bodies, bile pigments;
microscopic assessment of sediment - detection and counting of the number of red blood cells, leukocytes, casts, epithelial cells.

Any person who has noticed changes in the organoleptic properties of urine ( appearance, smell, shade), can contact the laboratory center for analysis.

But most often, a referral to the laboratory is issued by practicing specialists who subsequently interpret the final data obtained when:

medical examination of the population - carrying out preventive examinations;
applying for medical care to a specific specialist;
management of the entire period of pregnancy;
hospitalization for inpatient treatment.

What is important for the patient to know?

To achieve the reliability of the study data, the patient must follow the rules for donating urine. They must be explained by the workers of the medical institution, general requirements boil down to the following activities:

Prepare a sterile container in advance - it can be purchased at pharmacy chain. If this cannot be done, then any cleanly washed and dried glass container with a tightly screwed lid will be suitable for use.
After waking up, immediately before donating biological fluid, toilet the external genitalia.
The study requires a portion of morning urine, the first stream is discharged into the toilet, the rest of the biological fluid is discharged into a prepared container.
Deliver a sample of biomaterial with a referral to the laboratory within two hours after collection. A longer time period promotes change physical characteristics urine, decomposition of sediment elements and proliferation of microorganisms.

In modern laboratory centers, preparation for taking a urine test can be found on information stands

Preparatory activities

Many patients are concerned about receiving erroneous laboratory results and ask healthcare providers the following questions:

what portion of biological fluid needs to be collected;
can some data distort the final analysis data? external factors or not;
is it prohibited to smoke before the sample collection procedure;
Is it necessary to give urine strictly on an empty stomach;
how to wash yourself properly;
Is it possible to deliver yesterday’s urine for research?

All questions can be answered briefly - violation of the recommended urine test and its delivery leads to erroneous diagnosis of pathological processes.

That is why, in order to prevent the possibility of error during the tests, it is absolutely important for the patient to correctly submit and deliver the biological material.

There is no particularly complicated preparation for urine analysis, however, do not forget that 24 hours before collecting biomaterial it is recommended:

Do not drink alcohol or sweet carbonated drinks.
Limit physical and psycho-emotional stress.
Refrain from intimacy, eating spicy, salty and fatty foods, smoked foods and products containing natural or synthetic dyes.
Do not accept medicines(if this is not possible, you need to notify the laboratory staff), vitamins, herbal decoctions and tinctures, diuretics.

If the patient has previously undergone an instrumental examination of the bladder (cystoscopy), urine is submitted for analysis no earlier than a week later. And for women during the period of monthly bleeding (menstruation), it is advisable to postpone the test - red blood cells can get into the urine and change the overall picture of the tests.

Before the urine collection procedure, it is extremely important to properly wash the genitals, otherwise mucus from the genital tract may get into the sample, which will increase the parameters total protein and will affect the accuracy of the diagnosis. It is not recommended to use disinfectants while using the toilet; washing movements should be directed towards the buttocks.

The rules for collecting urine from a child are the same as for an adult; the baby needs to be washed well and wiped dry.

For children, pediatric urinals are used, which are freely available in pharmacies, but trying to “extract” biomaterial from a diaper or diaper is prohibited

To conduct a general clinical analysis, it is enough to deliver a sample of biological fluid in a volume of 60-80 ml to the laboratory center; at night, the kidneys produce more concentrated urine, as a result of which any deviations from the norm will be immediately noticeable.

Rules for the collection and delivery of specific urine samples

To clarify the diagnosis, the patient may need additional research, which will entail collecting 24-hour urine, medium jet or transferring biological fluid into a special sterile tube.

To properly collect urine per day, you need to prepare a clean, large container (about 3 liters) with a lid. Collection begins in the morning, after hygiene procedures - for 24 hours, each urination is performed in a prepared container. The last portion is given in the morning of the next day, after which the entire volume of the substance is thoroughly mixed, its value is measured and recorded. 100 ml is enough for delivery to the laboratory, the rest can be poured into the toilet.

Polymerase chain reaction testing of urine is necessary to confirm the presence of genitourinary infections, cytomegalovirus, or renal tuberculosis in the patient's body.

To conduct PCR screening, 20-30 ml of urine collected in a special sterile container in the morning or three hours after the last bladder emptying is sufficient.

To confirm or refute the suspicion of the presence of an inflammatory process in the urinary system, a urine test is performed using the Nechiporenko method. To get tested correctly, you need to collect urine in the morning, after hygiene procedures. However, an average portion of biological fluid should fall into the container - it is collected in the middle of urination.

To determine the concentration of glucose in urine, it is necessary to deliver 50 ml of the daily volume of urine or three portions collected at intervals of 8 hours to the laboratory center, for example:

I – from 7.00 to 15.00;
II – from 15.00 to 23.00;
III – from 23.00 to 7.00.

Bacteriological culture of urine is carried out before the start of a course of antibiotic therapy or 5 days after its completion. Biomaterial is collected in the same way as for a general clinical study, however, the amount of sample can be no more than 10 ml.

The biological fluid for bacteriological inoculation is collected in a special sterile container, which ensures that the sample under study cannot be exposed to external factors.

To study the degree of the kidneys’ ability to filter and concentrate urine, doctors prescribe the patient an analysis using the Zimnitsky method. In this case, urine collection is required throughout the day every three hours - 8 servings.

On each container, you must indicate in advance the time (9.00, 12.00, 15.00, etc.) or the sample number (No. 1, No. 2, etc.). The collected biological fluid must be stored in a cool place; all containers are delivered for research (even if one of them is empty).

What is strictly forbidden to do when collecting urine?

The current generation of young people are irresponsible about the rules of taking the test, as a result of which the diagnosis may be made incorrectly. That is why qualified healthcare professionals must convince patients to comply with all necessary requirements such a simple laboratory test as a urine test.

It is important to know that when surrendering biological material unacceptable:

Use dirty dishes, contents plastic bag, diapers, potty or diaper - such a substance is unsuitable for research.
Collect urine immediately after bowel movements or sexual intercourse.
Deliver frozen or “stale” urine (that has stood for more than three hours) to the laboratory.
Collect biological fluid in the presence of inflammation skin in the area of the urethra and vagina.
Use urine obtained after catheterization at home for testing - when placing a urinary catheter, there is a risk of re-infection of the urinary tract.

Conclusion

Urine examination is an important diagnostic process that helps to identify various disorders and diseases, their rapid cure, as well as the prevention of serious complications. Practitioners are guided by the results of this analysis when making an accurate diagnosis - its final data indicates an interaction important systems and the body's reactions to irritating factors.

However, this is only possible if the sample of biological material being studied was collected taking into account all the necessary rules! Otherwise, there is high risk misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment.