Game for primary schoolchildren "animals of the Urals" with presentation. Presentation on the topic "What animals of the Urals change their coats for the winter?" Presentation of the fauna of the southern Urals

The fauna of our region.

Wolverine Poe appearance Wolverines are a little similar to bears, so they were previously considered relatives of them. Currently, the wolverine belongs to the family of martens, in which they are classified into a special genus - wolverines. But the wolverine also differs from martens: it has a dense, massive body, short legs with wide feet, on which strong claws are located. Wide feet make it easy to move even on loose snow, which helps this animal survive the winter.

The red fox, a favorite character in fairy tales, has been known to everyone since childhood. Indeed, the bright red color of the fur is perhaps the most well-known characteristic of a fox. Other characteristics that distinguish a real fox from other species (for example, from the corsac fox living in other regions of the Urals) include: white end tail, dark coloration of the ears and the front of the paws. There are 11 known species of foxes. Fox The fox has very good hearing: the subtlest squeak, the rustle of a mouse's tail will not go unnoticed. Foxes also have excellent visual memory. She knows her hunting area well. The fox lives in holes that it digs in elevated places; often occupies burrows already dug by badgers or marmots.

Lynx Lynx belongs to the family of mammals of the cat genus. It is also somewhat similar in appearance to domestic cats; different from the last ones large sizes, long legs and tufted ears. The body length of the lynx reaches 110 cm, and with the tail - up to 130 cm, weight from 8 to 30 kg. Look - a typical cat, but large, on very high legs, with magnificent whiskers on the cheeks and large tufts at the ends of the ears. The coat is soft, thick, grayish-red in color with dark spots. The lynx has a very short tail, as if chopped off, and a very wide paw, which is also densely covered with coarse hair. Such paws play the role of a snowshoe, and the lynx, despite its rather heavy weight can easily move through deep snow.

Hare In the Urals, white hares are large, average weight is about 4 kilograms, some individuals reach 5 kilograms. The white hare can be found both in the forest and in open areas - in fields, but still this rodent prefers to merge in forests with well-developed undergrowth. Hares are vegetarians. Their diet depends on the season. In summer they eat various herbaceous vegetation, preferring cereals, and in autumn and winter, when grass is almost unavailable, they switch to branches and bark various trees and bushes. In winter, animals gather together near thickets of bushes, so an accidentally fallen tree very quickly loses all its bark and branches. In the spring, the animals also gather in groups on lawns with young grass and get so carried away with food that they lose their usual caution. Hearing is best developed in the hare, but vision and smell can fail: motionless standing man he won't be afraid.

Ermine The ermine has a peculiar appearance: a thin, very flexible body, a lively rounded muzzle with small ears, a long, non-furry tail (9-12 cm with a body length of 16-28 cm), very short paws with sharp thin claws (in the Urals and in Western Siberia The largest species of ermine lives - the West Siberian, or Tobolsk ermine). The color of the fur is protective: in winter it is pure white, in summer it is two-colored - the upper body is brownish-red, the underside is yellowish-white. Winter coloring is typical for areas where there is snow for at least 40 days a year. The tip of the tail is black throughout the year. Geographical variability in the quality of winter fur, the color of summer fur and body size allows us to distinguish about 26 subspecies of ermine.

Birds of our region

Great Grebe (Grebe) Great Grebe, or Great Grebe, is the largest of all grebes. They are waterfowl and good divers. And they are often mistaken for ducks; they have nothing in common with the latter. In addition to the fact that they differ from ducks in appearance, they also sit much deeper on the water; this is due to the fact that the bones of grebes, unlike many other birds, are mostly not hollow and are less filled with air. Grebes do not row under themselves with their legs, like, for example, ducks or seagulls. The legs work very effectively from behind, forming something like a ship's propeller. Since grebes almost never exist on land, the plumage has to be cleaned and lubricated on the water. While doing this, they lie down first on one side, then on the other. Frozen in cold water the legs are warmed not like ducks, hiding them in the plumage of the belly, but by lifting them out of the water to the side.

Gray Heron The Gray Heron is a large bird 90-100 cm long, with a wingspan of 175-195 cm and a weight of adult birds up to 2 kg. The head is narrow, with a large, pinkish-yellow, dagger-shaped head. On the back of the head there is a black hanging tuft of feathers. The neck is long and bent back when flying. The gray heron is a migratory bird. Winters in most of Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, India and Indochina. The gray heron arrives at its nesting sites early; the first birds appear when the water bodies are still covered with ice and the snow lies almost completely on the ground. These birds make nests on tall trees, but if they are not there, then on large bushes or in reed creases. The finished nest has the shape of a cone, upside down.

The male capercaillie is colored brown, black and dark gray, with white spots on the belly and on the underside of the wing, and a powerful light beak. The female is brownish-red with black ripples. In summer it feeds on grass, seeds, and berries; in winter - pine needles, aspen and larch buds. It nests in both coniferous and mixed forests. From coniferous forests prefers pine forests. It uses stems and branches to line the nest. The nest is a small depression in the soil. The clutch most often consists of 6-8 eggs, yellowish-white in color with brown spots. Wood grouse eggs are similar in size to chicken eggs

Cuckoo Males and females are similar in many cases; the females of our cuckoos have more brown tones in their plumage. They feed mainly on insects, some eat berries, fruits, frogs, lizards, and destroy other people's nests. Many species eat "shaggy" caterpillars covered with bristles, which other birds leave alone. And this is the benefit of cuckoos. After such a delicacy, eaten in abundance, the entire inner surface of the cuckoo’s stomach is completely covered with caterpillar bristles. Periodically, the bird expels these bristles through its mouth along with a layer of the gastric lining. The cuckoo throws its eggs into the nests of other birds. To make it more difficult to recognize its eggs, the cuckoo “counterfeits” them. Evolution endowed the cuckoo amazing property: her eggs are similar in size and color to the eggs of birds into whose nests she throws them.

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The fauna includes mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, invertebrates (molluscs, insects and others). In the Southern Urals, the vertebrate fauna is represented by more than 430 species.

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The fauna of the Southern Urals is diverse, although over the past 100-150 years it has become significantly impoverished. In 1872, the chief forester of the Orenburg region reported to the Governor General: “There are a lot of deer in the Verkhneuralsky Forest, bears are wandering around Chelyabinsk... Wolves roam in packs. I saw a tiger 200 versts from Orenburg.” In the Southern Urals there were many elk, roe deer, wolves, foxes, badgers and mink; sable and reindeer lived in the mountains, and saiga in the steppe. The bird population of the region was also much richer. Currently, the region is home to more than 70 species of mammals and about 300 species of birds. Commercial species include 33 species of mammals and 70 species of birds. Reptiles and amphibians are represented by 20 species, fish by 60 species; there are more than 10,000 species of insects on the territory of the Ilmensky Nature Reserve alone

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In the forests of the eastern slope of the Urals, as well as in flat light deciduous and mixed forests, you can often find roe deer. This is a very beautiful, graceful animal from the deer family, up to 100 cm high, and lives in steppe zone.

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A large cat, the lynx, lives in mountain and lowland high-trunk forests with dense undergrowth. She prefers dark conifers, spruce forests, where he hunts various birds, hares and roe deer. The animal is dexterous, fast and strong, with well-developed hearing.

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The “master of the taiga” lives in the forest zone - brown bear. This is a large animal, weighing up to 300 kg and body length – 2 m. Favorite place his is a forest wilderness with windbreaks, lichens, and swamps. The bear also goes out into the forest-steppe areas adjacent to the mountains. In 1990, there were more than 250 bears in the Southern Urals.

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The largest animal in the mountain-forest and forest-steppe zones is the elk. Its height reaches 3 m, and its weight is 500-600 kg. The elk loves forest areas where the undergrowth is thick and the grass is tall. In 1992, there were about 13 thousand of them. Males are decorated with spade-shaped horns with a varying number of processes extending from the edges. Females do not have horns.

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The most bloodthirsty predator in our fields and forests remains the wolf. Previously, wolves caused great damage to the population of the region by killing livestock. Nowadays, wolves rarely attack domestic animals. They grab roe deer and other ungulates. Year after year, the network of roads and various pipelines grows, which drives the wolf further into the wilderness, of which there is less and less.

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Such a large rodent as the beaver also lives in the region. They live mainly on mountain rivers oh, and also on the Miass and Ago tributaries, where their loved ones grow deciduous trees– aspen, willow, alder and others. There are about 2000 of them.

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Common forest inhabitants are: white hare, squirrel, hedgehog, marten, mole, weasel.

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Wild boars are large animals (their weight can reach 150-200 kg) today live mainly in the northwestern regions: the area of ​​Nyazepetrovsk, Kasley, Verkhniy Ufaley, Karabash.

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On open spaces- in the steppes and river valleys, - inhabited by: badger, ermine. Perhaps the most common animal in the Trans-Ural steppes is the common marmot, or kayak.

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Such an exotic animal for our area as raccoon dog. They live in mixed forests with dense undergrowth, in river valleys, on the coasts of lakes. They are omnivores, and therefore cause significant harm to upland birds, as they eat both eggs and chicks. Today there are up to 1000 individuals.

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Rare and endangered species of animals are listed in the Red Book. The inclusion of a species in the Red Book is a signal of the danger that threatens it and the need to take urgent measures to save it. IN Chelyabinsk region One species of mammals, the muskrat, and 20 species of birds are listed in the Red Book of Russia.

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Fish. The rivers, lakes and reservoirs of the region are home to a wide variety of fish. Most species belong to local breeds; some, such as silver carp, peled, and ripus, were brought to the Southern Urals from other regions. Crucian carp (golden crucian carp and silver crucian carp) are distinguished by their great unpretentiousness to living conditions. They are able to tolerate large fluctuations in water salinity and oxygen concentrations in it. That is why even in small, swampy lakes of the steppe Trans-Urals you can mainly find these fish.

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The most numerous among fish is the carp family, which includes common and mirror carp, as well as bream, ide, tench, chebak and a number of other species. Perch lives in almost all reservoirs, some specimens reach 1 kg. Valuable big fish from the perch family - pike perch - lives in lakes Bolshoye and Maloye Miassovo, Chebarkul and some others. There is also pike perch in the Ural River.

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The mountain rivers and streams on the western slope of the Southern Urals are home to grayling, a local trout. Work on the acclimatization of various valuable fish species in the region continues. Pike is ubiquitous in rivers and lakes, perhaps the largest predator in our reservoirs. Individual specimens reach 1 m in length.

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The bird world of the Southern Urals is rich. IN taiga forests Our largest representative of the gallinaceae order, the capercaillie, lives here. The weight of a male wood grouse can reach 6 kg, and the body length is 80-70 cm. Wood grouse settle in large areas of old pine forests. In all natural areas region lives another representative of the order of chickens - black grouse. Today there are about 30 thousand of these beautiful birds in the region.

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Special mention should be made about the gray partridge. This small bird, weighing no more than 500 grams, very often lives near humans. Small flocks of partridges can be found along large roads in winter, both in the steppe and in forest-steppe zones. This is one of the most valuable game birds. The gray partridge, like no other, destroys the Colorado potato beetle - the most terrible pest of potato fields.

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Particular mention should be made of waterfowl. The central and especially eastern parts of the region are home to many birds that fly to us from more southern regions. Gray goose, mallard, gray duck, red-headed duck. From migratory birds greatest attention attracted by swans. The whooper swan and the plucking swan nest on the lakes and reservoirs of the region. The subfamily of ducks is widely represented here, including the large shelduck, red-headed duck, mallard, gray duck, pintail and the smallest duck, the teal. In total, 16 species of ducks nest on the reservoirs of the region.

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Owls and eagle owls live in forests and plantings - night hunters of small rodents. Larks are among the first to appear in the spring steppe sky. In any weather, they hang in almost the same place for many hours, filling the surroundings with a song reminiscent of the murmur of a mountain eagle.

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Much higher than larks, steppe predators soar in the sky: eagles, golden eagles, falcons. Most species living in the steppe are quite common, but there are also very rare birds of prey, listed in the Red Book. These include the Imperial Eagle. It got its name from the fact that it often sits on burial mounds, of which there are a lot in the steppes. Among the diurnal predators are the high-flying peregrine falcon, gyrfalcon, balaban falcon, golden eagle, and imperial eagle.

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The order of cranes is represented in the Southern Urals by the gray crane. In the region, the gray crane is also found in the remote swamps of the mountain taiga, vast wetlands of the forest-steppe, and in swamps in island forests. There are also birds that live in the steppe zone that prefer not to fly, but to walk and run. There are both small and large among them. Among the large ones is the bustard. Its weight can reach 16 kg.

A special region that serves as the border between Europe and Asia is the Urals. It divides the western and eastern parts. Such an impressive boundary no longer exists in nature.

Its length exceeds 2000 km, and its width from north to south is 40-150 km. The highest point of the Ural mountain ranges is Mount Narodnaya, which rises to 1895 m.

Such a vast area must therefore contain enormous natural diversity. This is indeed true. In the Urals you can see everything - forests, steppes, tundra and even glaciers.

Great lovers of nature and all kinds of adventures will find it more than interesting here. Many mountains and caves, rivers and lakes, forests and rock formations lure people with their mystical beauty and charm.

In such places people can test and test their strength and endurance. The amazing and mysterious places of the Urals are rich in diverse flora. Amazes variety of animals of the Urals.

Except wildlife there are many nature reserves where people live in complete safety and comfort animals red Ural. It will not be possible to talk about all the inhabitants of these places in a nutshell, but you can still look at their interesting specimens.

TO animals of the Southern Urals include reindeer, hoofed lemmings, arctic foxes, Middendorff's voles and partridges. Animals of the Northern Urals also amaze with their huge number of species. Among them you can find moose, foxes, wolverines, lynxes, sables, martens, beavers, otters.

Reindeer

This animal belongs to the artiodactyl mammals. Only in this species the females wear horns in the same way as the males. They move without problems on the snowy surface, thanks to their wide hooves.

Deer have excellent hearing. But their vision leaves much to be desired. In reindeer herds, primacy belongs to the leader. IN winter time years, animals get food from under the snow.

Sometimes hares become victims of foxes. But this doesn't happen as often as people say. As for , he is a much more serious predator. Its victims are wild ungulates. The wolf prefers moose and.

Most often it attacks them when they are unhealthy and weakened. Wolves never refuse food from hares, foxes and small ones. In the winter season, these animals unite in packs and pose a great danger to humans, although there are isolated cases of their attacks on people.

Wolverine

This animal is large predator. He has large paws and a rather fluffy tail. Moose corpses and reindeer are the most favorite food. Sometimes they attack these animals.

This happens if they are sick. Otherwise, Wolverine will not be able to defeat them. Rodents, game and small foxes are also used. It is not important for these animals to live in some kind of certain place. They can travel long distances in search of food.

In the photo there is a wolverine

Lynx

May attack a fox. But not in order to eat it, but simply for the sake of prey. Lynx needs two kilograms of meat per day. This beautiful wild cat is not afraid of humans.

Sable

This taiga resident differs from many animals in its agility and strength. Lives on the ground. Moves by jumping. At the same time, they are excellent at moving through trees.

They have well-developed hearing and sense of smell. This cannot be said about vision; the sable cannot boast of it. This animal makes a cat-like purr. Moves through loose snow with ease.

The animal is active in the morning and evening. His favorite habitats are cedar trees, headwaters of mountain rivers, elfin wood thickets, and rocky outcrops. Only occasionally can you see a sable in the crown of a tree. They prefer to hunt alone. Most of all they do not like to observe on their lands.

The animal in the photo is sable

Marten

She has a beautiful slender body, 50-80 cm in length. The length of the animal's fluffy tail is 35-50 cm. They weigh from 0.5 to 5.7 kg. Males are usually larger than females. Martens have a brown-brown color.

These are agile animals that can perform any acrobatic trick. Little ones spend most of their free time playing games. They never attack humans.

But if the marten, its home or children are threatened, they become monstrously aggressive. They're on the move sharp teeth and the claws of animals, with which they can cause great harm.

Beaver

This animal is the largest rodent in all of Russia. Can live both in water and in a hole. Thanks to its unique swimming membranes, it feels great in the water.

It has a flat, hairless, plate-covered tail. In order to protect their burrows from the encroachments of others, beavers build dams. They consist of branches and trees.

Such dams can be up to 15 meters wide and block the flow of water to such an extent that it rises up to 1.5 meters. These animals feed on branches of willow, bird cherry, birch and aspen. in summer progress is underway grass.

Otter

She has one of the most valuable furs. Of many descriptions of animals of the Urals It is known that the number has decreased markedly. They are near-aquatic predators, so their burrows can be seen right next to the water.

The animal in the photo is an otter

Fauna of the Urals so interesting and rich that you can talk about it with passion and endlessly. Not everyone has the opportunity to visit this wonderful and fabulous corner. Will help photo of animals of the Urals, in which they look almost the same as in real life.

“The originality of the nature of the Urals” - Bauxites. Mountain tundra of the Polar Urals. White partridge. Minerals of the Southern Urals. Yurma. Traces of ancient glaciation are especially clearly visible here. Ermine. Sablya. The tundra kingdom of frosty weathering. Nickel. The highest peak of the Northern Urals is Mount Telpos-Iz (1617 m). To the west towards the Russian Plain the mountains gradually decrease.

“Costumes of the Urals” - National costumes of the peoples of the Southern Urals. Russians, Bashkirs and Tatars. Peoples of the Southern Urals. Tatars and Bashkirs. The outer clothing was a caftan (kezekey). Bashkirs. On holidays they wore a sleeveless camisole trimmed with braid. The traditional women's costume consisted of a shirt decorated with embroidery, appliqué and a sundress.

"Kamensk-Uralsky" - Railway Bridge. Rock Owl. L. Sorokin. October 15, 1701. Three Caves Rock. Natural monuments. Mount Bogatyrek. Rock Stone Gate – business card cities. Start. History and sights of the city of Kamensk-Uralsky. Kamensky iron foundry. Kamensk-Uralsky is included in the list of historical cities of Russia.

“City of Tagil” - A piece of cake in Tagil. This is how the boys live in Tagil like in GTA 4. YES! Sea in Tagil. Forest in Tagil. City. People in Tagil. Workers of Tagil. The END. Sunset in Tagil. Flowers in Tagil. Tagil. This is how they work in Tagil.

“Peoples of the Urals” - In the 40s. The mixing of aliens with the Urals led to the formation of new archaeological cultures. From the 11th century The Rodanovs were engaged in salt making on the Borovaya River. According to legend, the first Turks were born from the marriage of a man and a she-wolf. In the II century. n. E. Nomadic tribes of the Huns came from the east to the Southern Urals and the Urals.

“Theme Ural” - Planting flowers in the alley kindergarten. A story about the Russian flag (coloring a drawn flag). Construction of the Moscow Kremlin. Sights and historical places.. The most famous deposits and stone-cutting art of the Urals. April: Theme “Father Ural” (a journey through photographs and illustrations).

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