The tragedy of Stalin's family. What happened to the leader's children and wives?

Name: Joseph Stalin

Age: 73 years old

Place of birth: Gori, Tiflis province; Place of death: Kuntsevo, USSR

Activity: revolutionary, head of the USSR government

Marital status: widower

Joseph Stalin - biography

Historical figure, person. Without volitional decisions which, perhaps, the Great Victory over fascism would not have taken place. There are ambivalent attitudes towards Stalin. There are also people who were offended by him for life, there are those who idolized this man. But you can try to figure out what he was like in childhood, what his biography was like as a whole.

Childhood, family of Joseph Stalin

The family of Joseph Vissarionovich was not rich; they lived in the city of Gori, which is located in Georgia. Externally, the boy had fused toes on his left foot. From the age of seven as a result of misfortune left hand lost the ability to straighten. My father worked as a shoemaker, and like a real shoemaker, he swore and beat his household. Joseph also once got hit right on the head.

The mother also did not have a soft character. Since childhood, Joseph has become accustomed to her sternness and authoritative voice. In the end, the parents did not live together. The boy remained to live with his mother. She had to work hard so that her son would not need anything. She predicted the priesthood for him. Due to drunkenness, my father died in a fight, and my mother died before the war.

Years of study of Joseph Stalin

Studies began at theological school, then at the seminary. All subjects were very easy for Joseph. He easily composed poems that were correct in rhyme and good in meaning. But getting into the theological school was not easy. This institution taught exclusively in Russian. The Georgian boy did not know, but the mother loved her son so much that she could not allow Soso to be upset. The mother asked the Russian children to practice the language with her son. Joseph so quickly mastered all the knowledge and skills of reading and writing in Russian that he successfully entered the first grade of the Gori Theological School.

The school found the child’s mother in a difficult situation, awarded Soso a scholarship, and the boy studied well. Stubbornness of character and the desire to always be the best were met with physical weakness and short stature. Moreover, he was from a poor family and knew “his” place. Therefore, he grew up secretive and vindictive. Joseph's hobby was reading, he educated himself. Unfortunately, the works that the boy chose did not always teach only good things. Many heroes of the books brought up selfishness and pride in Soso. But my reading circle was very wide.

Stalin was a self-taught genius; he was drawn to everything new, which is why revolutionary Marxist sentiments became especially close to him. Students read those books that were on the list of prohibited books. They placed sheets of such literature between the pages of church books. So no one saw anything illegal in the opened Bible, and at that time everyone was reading Marx and Lenin. He actively collaborates with V.I. Lenin, expresses the interests of the Bolshevik Party, for which he was repeatedly imprisoned and exiled.

During civil war Stalin's figure is noticeable; he heads leadership positions. He actively advocates collectivization and industrialization in the country. Collective farms appeared, and heavy industry began to revive. But this Stalinist policy had a huge disadvantage: as a result of dispossession and mass terror, almost twenty million people suffered. Times of the Great Patriotic War demonstrated Stalin's talent as a military leader.

Joseph Stalin - biography of personal life

Stalin was married twice. Ekaterina Svanidze And Nadezhda Alliluyeva- his wife. Two sons Yakov, Vasily and daughter Svetlana. Yakov was born from his first marriage; his wife died of tuberculosis when the boy was still very young. Nadezhda was a harsh woman and very touchy; after 14 years of marriage, her character traits worsened, and the wife committed suicide out of resentment towards her husband. She shot herself. All information about the life of the leader of the Soviet state with women is scanty and classified. For the first time Joseph Dzhugashvili (this real name Stalin) got married at the age of 26.

The romantic Georgian beauty believed that a real hero, a fiery knight of the revolution, fell in love with her. The hero Koba was popular at that time. Local Robin Hood helping poor people. Catherine was only 16 years old, the young people were married. Stalin was often not at home, his wife whiled away the days and evenings alone. A son was born, Catherine’s body was weak, there was no money for treatment, every penny went into the party treasury. The wife dies, and the son lives with his maternal grandparents.

Young Nadezhda Alliluyeva managed to melt the tyrant’s heart again. A feeling arose, although demonstrating it even to ourselves was prohibited. The second son Vasya was born, and Stalin took Yakov, the first son, to his place. Then daughter Svetlana appears.

The woman lacked communication. It was impossible to talk to my husband; he did not spoil his family with this. Nadezhda did not get close to men; everyone, including her, was afraid of rumors and gossip. Women were also afraid of Stalin: no matter how much they said something unnecessary. So, being deprived of communication, taking care of the house and children, the second wife of Joseph Vissarionovich passed away. Stalin never married anyone else. His family biography ended.

Joseph Stalin - biography documentary film

Author bio: Natsh

Few people know that the leader Soviet Union, Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin, had three wives, and two of them tragically left this world. The saddest story was related to last wife- Nadezhda Alliluyeva. What did the woman have to endure “in the arms of the devil?” What would her fate have been like if she had not met Joseph Stalin?

Joseph Dzhugashvili

Soso Dzhugashvili was born into a poor family small town Gori, in 1878. His father Vissarion was a shoemaker (like his mother Keke). The parents of the future leader were born into families of serfs. Little Soso had a difficult childhood, his father drank and constantly beat him and his mother. At the age of 10, Joseph (much to his mother’s great joy) entered theological school. In 1894, Dzhugashvili graduated from college with honors and entered the seminary. At the age of 15, the future revolutionary became interested in the Marxist movement. He actively participates in the underground life of revolutionaries. As a result, he was expelled from the seminary for promoting Marxism in 1899.

Joseph Dzhugashvili takes the nickname Koba and begins to actively participate in revolutionary movements, strikes, and demonstrations. As a result, a flurry of activity leads to the first exile. He will spend the next 17 years of his life in constant arrests.

Stalin's wives

Koba met his first wife, Ekaterina, in Tiflis. Revolutionary Alexander Svanidze introduced him to his sister. Katya was very beautiful, modest and submissive, and the sister of a revolutionary! They got married secretly. Despite Dzhugashvili’s poverty, constant arrests, lack of work and completely unassuming appearance, Katya saw in him loving man. Indeed, in those years, young Soso dreamed of a real family, which he never had. Katya did everything that depended on her; they rented a small room in the fields. Soon a son, Yakov, is born into the family. But there is still no money, the husband sends all the money he got to Lenin. He was fanatical in his belief in the revolution. Soon Katya will get sick and die; the family did not have money for her treatment. The newborn baby remains with sister Katerina, his father will take him to Moscow only in 1921.

In 1910, Koba was exiled for the third time to the same city of Salvychegorsk, where he lived with the widow Matryona Prokopyevna Kuzakova. This woman can be called common-law wife Stalin, because during their cohabitation their son Konstantin was born. Later this fact will be proven by DNA analysis on the federal channel.

After the end of his exile, Stalin settled in Vologda. And then he will go to St. Petersburg to prepare a coup, he will do this in the direction of Lenin himself. In St. Petersburg, Stalin meets his last wife, Nadezhda Alliluyeva. The following is the story of Stalin's wife, biography and personal life.

Nadezhda Alliluyeva

Nadezhda Sergeevna Alliluyeva was born in Baku. The life of Stalin's wife was spent surrounded by revolutionaries. Her father Sergei Yakovlevich and mother Olga Evgenievna were ardent communists. For this reason, they move to St. Petersburg with the whole family. Nadya had a sister Anna and brothers Pavel and Fedor.

Nadezhda grew up as a determined and courageous child. She was interested in everything, she became interested in politics early, sharing the interests of her revolutionary parents. Nadya was hot-tempered and stubborn, with such a fighting character it is not surprising that she was carried away by the old revolutionary Koba.

She was 16 years old when the no longer so young Stalin appeared in their house. 23 years older than the girl, he became an idol for her. Further biography future wife Stalin and her personal life will look like a complete nightmare.

Married to the leader

Nadezhda has always been very active. After graduating from high school, she began working at the People's Commissariat for Nationalities Affairs, in the secretariat of V.I. Lenin. She was involved in the magazines “Revolution and Culture” and in the newspaper “Pravda”. Having given birth to Stalin's two children, Vasily and Svetlana, she really wanted to return to public life. But my husband didn’t like this, and as a result, frequent quarrels arose in the family. Alliluyeva, Stalin's wife, often argued with her husband.

Quarrels generally accompanied them throughout their entire life together. A struggle of characters, and later an open misunderstanding of Stalin’s actions. When Nadezhda’s eight classmates were arrested, it was too late to do anything; they all died. Later, she repeatedly encountered injustice, which she tried in every possible way to correct, but it was all in vain. People were dying all around, it was impossible to worry about it calmly. In addition, Stalin was often rude and could publicly insult his wife. Eyewitnesses of those years remember this.

In one of the next quarrels, on November 9, 1932, she ran away from a banquet celebrating the revolution and then shot herself in the heart. This is how the biography of Stalin's wife ends.

The mystery of death, the fate of the family

The question of the reasons for the suicide of Stalin's wife still remains open. There are two main versions. The first is political. Nadezhda could not come to terms with her husband’s aggressive policy. The remark allegedly uttered by Nadezhda in a quarrel: “You tortured me and tortured the whole people,” was the basis for thinking so.

Another reason, according to historians, is illness. Nadezhda was ill for a long time. From the memoirs of her compatriots and letters from her mother, we know that she constantly suffered from headaches. These pains drove her crazy, perhaps they were the reason for suicide. In addition, she had an intestinal disease; her husband even sent her to Germany for treatment. Vasily, who was 11 years old at the time of her death, recalls this physical suffering of his mother.

Nadezhda Alliluyeva was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

After Nadezhda’s death, a series of repressions began against her family. In 1938, brother Pavel died of a broken heart. There are a lot of rumors that it was poisoning. On the day of Pavel's funeral, Nadya's sister's husband is arrested. He will be shot in 2 years. Anna will also be arrested, but much later. She will be arrested for (allegedly) anti-Soviet propaganda. Anna will be released only after Stalin's death, in 1954.

Conclusion

Today, many memoirs, books, and autobiographical works have been written about the life of Stalin’s wife Nadezhda, but what was going on in the soul of the young girl, the mother of two children, cannot be known for sure.

Olga Trifonova, the widow of the famous anti-Stalinist prose writer Yuri Trifonov, recently wrote a book about tragic fate Stalin's wife Nadezhda Alliluyeva. The book is called "The One and Only". This is both a work of fiction and a documentary, which tells about Stalin’s love and hatred for his only beloved woman. Here is what its author says about the book: “Of course, there is a flight of fancy in it. Although it is carried out in the conditions of historical reality - from fact, as they say, to fact. The narrative is based on many documents.”

ON THE TOPIC

When asked why the novel was called “The One”, Olga Trifonova answered: “Most likely, Alliluyeva is the only woman whom Stalin truly loved. And one of the few who did not succumb to him. Even with her death, she expressed protest. Stalin was unable to “break” his wife, to make her a quiet and obedient slave. They began to live together in 1917, when Nadya was 16 years old and was then 39. Nadya’s father, Sergei Yakovlevich Alliluyev, outraged by this news, complained to his friend. : “Joseph took his daughter away. Why does he need her? She’s still just a girl.” Nadya didn’t want to take her husband’s last name. She remained Alliluyeva until the end of her life. By the way, as it turned out, back in Kureysk, where Joseph was in exile, his mistress was a young 14-year-old girl, the orphan Lydia Pereprygina. a son was born. There is nothing vicious in such a passion. It’s like a desire to prolong one’s life, a desire for renewal... Stalin’s grandson, by the name of Davydov, was recently discovered, and, admittedly, he is very similar to his grandfather in his Caucasian appearance. According to the legend, his father allegedly died at the front. The main thing is that everything matches the dates!”

Trifonova’s book contains information that Stalin’s wife had an affair with Kirov, writes Express Gazeta. “Such assumptions were made by historians. Kirov really liked Nadezhda! She sometimes ran away to Leningrad, and Sergei Mironovich took care of her. Stalin, naturally, followed his wife and was wildly jealous. My reasoning about their love affair is based on the stories of Sergei Mikhailovich Metallikov, whose father was Deputy Head of the Main Medical Directorate of the Kremlin,” says Olga Trifonova.

Stalin was jealous of his wife even of his first son Yakov: “There is evidence from relatives. Nadezhda Sergeevna was very sorry for her adopted son and took care of him in every possible way. This caused great irritation in her husband. Yakov is the son of Stalin’s first wife Ekaterina Svanidze. She died unexpectedly in 1908 then whether from typhoid fever, or from tuberculosis. By the way, when Yakov tried to shoot himself, his father’s only reaction was: “Ha ha! I couldn’t even hit myself!”

Nadezhda Alliluyeva did not spoil her children and kept them strict: “In her youth, she seemed to be a very cheerful woman. And at the end of her life, she was deeply unhappy. Because she was deeply depressed. But she was very good person, fair. A strict but loving mother. I was very afraid that in the environment of luxury, unimaginable at that time, in which they lived, the children would be spoiled. So I kept them in line."

Stalin knew that he had responsibility for the entire country, and did not consider it necessary to take care of his own wife. If you believe the novel by Olga Trifonova, Nadezhda Alliluyeva had ten abortions during her entire marriage. “This also has documentary evidence. I read extracts from her medical record. It is impossible to remain indifferent to such a blatant fact. Even the doctor who examined her during treatment abroad could not stand it: “Poor thing, you live with an animal!” Alas, and his own wife Stalin had no regrets,” says Olga Trifonova.

The novel talks about Nadezhda Alliluyeva's addiction to drugs. It turns out that Stalin’s wife did not use morphine or cocaine. “By the Puritan standards of that time, caffeine, which is part of the medicine, was, of course, considered a potent drug. And Nadezhda Sergeevna could not do without it. In the medical history it is written: “abuses...” She had terrible headaches, almost until he lost consciousness. Maybe this was the only medicine that helped?” - suggests the author of the novel.

In her book, Olga Trifonova also talked about how Stalin mocked his wife: “There is evidence from relatives of how Stalin tried to humiliate his own wife. He tried in every possible way so that she would lose her temper and turn into an angry creature. But it didn’t work. This the woman had tremendous self-control, even at the last meeting, when Stalin shot her in the eye at the table. orange peel, he achieved nothing. Although he caused a public insult. In order not to emphasize her humiliation, Nadezhda Sergeevna did not even leave the table.”

Nadezhda Alliluyeva lived unhappy life, and her death was tragic: “The official version: Nadezhda Sergeevna shot herself with a small ladies’ pistol. She hit her right in the heart. What really happened is unlikely to ever become known. The only person, who could know this, the nanny is Alexandra Bychkova. But she died. The accident happened in a Kremlin apartment. Alliluyeva was found lying on the floor in the bedroom. The nanny came running and called Voroshilov and Molotov. At ten in the morning Stalin came out of his room. The coffin with the body of the deceased was exhibited in Gumma. Saying goodbye to his wife, Stalin bent over so much that the coffin almost fell. His words “She left like an enemy”, “Why did she do that? She disfigured me” say a lot. Then he turned to Avel Enukidze: “You baptized her, you bury her!” And he didn’t go to see him off last path my only beloved woman."