How to get water in the forest. Methods of obtaining drinking water for survival

To maintain life and health, water is more important than food. You can live without food for a month and a half; without water, long-term existence is impossible, especially in the heat, when the body requires a large amount of water due to increased sweating.

Under ideal conditions, a person can live without water for 12-14 days. However, the conditions in which people move through dangerous territory find themselves are far from ideal. The danger of dehydration is especially great at high air temperatures.

Trees with their roots can take moisture from the water-bearing soil layer located at a depth of 15 m or more, but it is impossible to get to it. In the forests growing in the lowlands, along sea coasts and in river valleys the groundwater level is close to the surface. Even a small hole usually becomes a good source of water there.

You can also try to obtain water using an alternative method.First you need to dig a hole (if possible 2*2 meters and 1 meter deep). Next, take a container for collecting water with an open top, for example, a pan or bowl, and place it in the center of the hole. Then the pit is covered with cellophane, the edges of which need to be fixed so that the film is stretched. A small stone is placed on the cellophane in the center so that it bends a little in this place. Due to the action of the sun's rays, moisture from the ground will condense on the inside of the cellophane film and flow into the container.

In spring, birch sap can be successfully used to quench thirst. To do this, several small holes located one above the other are drilled or cut in the shape of the letter “V” in the bark of an old birch tree. Twigs or leaves folded into a groove are inserted into them, designed to drain the released juice. A container is installed at the base of the tree to collect dripping sap. It is estimated that in a day it is possible to “drip” up to 20 liters of sap from five birch trees in this way! In the same way, you can extract juice from maple or grapevine.

You can also use a cloth to collect water. The cloth should be tied around the calves and ankles and walked on wet vegetation. The water obtained in this way can be squeezed out or sucked out of the fabric.

When it's raining, you need to make a water collector by tying fabric around the tree. Water flowing along the trunk is absorbed by the fabric and drips into a container placed below.

In the early morning, you can run a clean linen or cotton cloth over the grass and then wring it out.

Useful tips. After prolonged thirst, when a sufficient amount of water appears, you must drink it very, very carefully. First you need to rinse your mouth, then start drinking, but in very small sips and little by little. You can safely drink as much water as you like only towards the end of the second - beginning of the third day. After prolonged thirst, immediately drinking an unlimited amount of water is very dangerous - it can cause severe cramps and cause illness.

Instructions

In the forest, salt can be obtained from wood ash. For this you better take hardwood, ideal option– hazel. Burn dry logs and branches in a fire to ash.

Pour it into a large pot and fill it with warm boiled water, stir. This mixture should sit for quite a long time - 3-4 hours or overnight. Taste the solution. It must be salty.

Add it to dishes or evaporate it. For this top layer carefully drain and place on fire. You will be left with dry sediment in the form of sand. This substance can be used to “salt” food.

In May, look for common sorrel in the forest, also known as hogweed or hare salt. Quite dense clusters of this plant can be found near the trunks of mature spruce trees, in shady and damp places.

This herb has no stems; thick, heart-shaped leaves grow directly from the roots. A pinch of sorrel can replace not only salt, but also tea leaves, lemon, and vinegar. That is, this will greatly enrich the taste of your food.

To get salt crystals, you need to evaporate the sorrel juice. Plant from late to early summer. Oxalis fully expands all three leaves when the sun's rays do not fall on it. IN hot weather the grass is withering.

Salt marshes can also be found in the forest. These will be places with low fertility, where wormwood, saltwort, prutnyak, oleaster, and tamarix grow. Covers the roots of herbs in salt marshes white coating.

Or pour half a bucket of saline soil and fill it with water, stir thoroughly. When the solution has settled, carefully pour off the water and discard the soil. Add new soil to the bucket and fill it with old salt water. When will it work out? concentrated solution, evaporate it and get salt.

Sources:

Notes from an armchair survivor: Salt

Salt can be obtained by evaporating natural or artificial solutions.

Industrial salt production includes four stages:

obtaining solutions

cleansing

evaporation of solutions

the process of drying the solution and releasing salt.

To make salt, you need natural brines that have been extracted in deep boreholes, by removing the alkali from their salt rocks. Brines are prepared by dissolving rock salt. The brine contains substances such as: magnesium, calcium bicarbonates, sulfates, iron oxides. Therefore, when making table salt high quality Very strict requirements are imposed on the composition of the initial brine. Purification of solutions from impurities can be carried out using the following methods:

thermal

soda-lime

soda-lime-sulfate

soda

Soda-lime-sulfate purification occurs in two stages. First, calcium and magnesium are removed from solutions using sodium sulfate and lime. At the second stage with carbon dioxide and the soda is released from the gypsum - the most cost-effective method. IN heat treatment the solubility of solutions that are heated at high temperatures. In addition, during heating, hydrogen sulfide is released from brines, removing organic impurities.

For many years, salt was obtained by boiling. Nowadays, the vacuum evaporation method is widely used in a special vacuum apparatus, as well as a submersible combustion unit - the chamber is lowered into the solution, while the escaping gases pass through the brine.

It is worth noting that table salt brines represent a rather aggressive environment. Metals react to make salt at high temperatures. Such conditions were created by the Old Russian Varnitsa among the ancient Slavs. This production was quite labor-intensive, but at the same time it formed the whole system from border areas and shopping centers.

Video on the topic

Sources:

getting salt in 2019

The first thing to do when you get lost in forest, - calm down. The second is to start searching for human habitation. But simply walking through the forest without knowing the road is a sure way to get even more lost. This means you need to set up a temporary camp and use it as a starting point, leaving footprints on the trees so that, if necessary, you can return to the beginning of the search. The camp will help you survive in those days that are necessary to organize search and rescue operations. What should be in the camp? Hut, fire and drinking water. Everything is clear with a hut and a fire, but where to get it in the forest water?

Instructions

Much depends on the type of forest. If the forest is deciduous and humid, and the soil in it is grassy, then searching for water will not be an issue. Streams and springs are not uncommon in such forests. In most cases, just listening is enough to hear the sound of a babbling stream nearby.

If you are in a coniferous and dry forest with sandy soil, everything will be more complicated. However, there is a way out here too. It should be remembered that water is always flowing. Where does it flow? That's right - down. Head in that direction where is he going slope When you see any descent, move along it. You must walk along lowlands and hollows, choosing the same places that water would choose. Look on the ground for signs of dry streams and rain erosion. After a while, you will see that finding traces of the paths along which water once flowed is not so difficult. Eventually, after a few hours, you will inevitably come to a stream or river.

If you happen to have a knife (or even a spatula) at hand, you can do it even easier. You don’t have to go far through the lowlands; you can go down into the first deep ravine and dig a hole at the bottom. It can be shallow - half a meter is enough for a cup or two of water to collect in it. You should drink it with caution. It is better to boil such water or add a few grains of potassium permanganate from a camp first aid kit to it.

If you have a piece of polyethylene with you for covering, you can consider yourself lucky. Polyethylene is a wonderful tool for collecting the best and clean water- rain and dew. It should be stretched across several poles so that it forms something like a drain towards one of the corners. Fold the edges of the plastic sheet up and secure with split sticks. Place the bottom corner in any container: canister, flask or mug. If it rains, you will not be short of water. But even on a clear morning, 150-200 grams of dew will collect on the polyethylene.

Video on the topic

In conditions wildlife the decisive factor for survival will be the ability to breed fire using available materials. Many attended life safety lessons at school, but, alas, few can reproduce the skills they once acquired in practice. But there are ways to get fire V forest quite a lot, and any of them in dangerous moment can save your life.

Instructions

Each spark you receive will be worth its weight, so take care of kindling and fuel in advance so that a weak light can easily turn into a fire. Dried grass, small wood chips, pieces of moss or lichen, plant fluff, etc. can be used as kindling. You will need kindling to turn the spark into a spark, so look for materials that ignite quickly and burn well. Dry twigs make excellent fuel. various trees.

If you have to make a fire in windy weather, you can place the kindling between two logs. An additional advantage will be that you have fire starter fluid.

Of course, if you have matches, then the issue of starting a fire in a forest is insignificant. The main thing is not to forget that in such conditions every match is important, do not waste them. And if necessary, even split the matches in half to save money. But what if the matches get wet?

Method 1. Optical lenses.
In sunny weather fire can be separated quite easily using any convex optical lens. These can be eyepieces of glasses, a camera lens, a telescope, binoculars, etc. Focus the beam through the lens onto the kindling. Choose the one that lights up the fastest. Try not to move your hand.

Method 2. Flint and flint.
In cloudy weather forest dilute fire more difficult. If you have a piece of flint at hand, then you can get the desired spark using any piece of steel. For example, a steel knife will do.
You can make sparks with ordinary two stones, but the process will be longer and more difficult. In this case, you need to look for a stone that can create more sparks than others. Remember that the spark is quite small. It should be aimed at the tinder, which can catch fire very quickly.

Method 3. Gunpowder.
You may have had to stay late forest while hunting wild animals. Then you can divorce fire using cartridges. If you have the opportunity to shoot, then leave half the gunpowder in the case, and instead of a bullet, plug the case with a piece of cloth. When firing such an unusual cartridge at will fall to the ground smoldering flap, you can use it to set fire to the prepared kindling. If for some reason it is impossible to shoot, then ignite the gunpowder using sparks made by stones.

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Extreme situations in the deep forest are not uncommon, and drinking water, along with fire, is the main factor for survival. Knowing how to get water from the forest can literally save your life.

Finding a source of water can be done in several ways.

The first is finding a reservoir, a stream, a spring, that is, a natural source.
The second is the extraction of groundwater.
The third is condensate evaporation.
The fourth is collecting natural moisture (dew or rainwater).

No less important question- quality and purity of drinking moisture, so let’s talk about its purification.

How to find a natural water source in the forest

Knowledge of physics and geography will help you find water in forest conditions - water always tends downward according to the laws of gravity, because it is a heavy substance. Therefore, the terrain is always traced by paths laid by water, when it flows from the hills in hundreds of streams into the lowlands, collecting into rivers and lakes, and then rushes to the sea in a huge stream.

Rule #1! Always follow the descent - it should sooner or later lead to the water.

The croaking of frogs, if you listen, also helps you find a nearby body of water. Even if it turns out to be a forest swamp, it’s not scary, the water can be purified, filtered and boiled or evaporated.

Rule #2! Listen to the forest hubbub, if the “singing” of frogs breaks through it - follow this sound, it will certainly lead to a pond.

The nature of vegetation is also a good indicator of moisture. IN coniferous forests deciduous lowlands signal a swamp, and in deciduous lowlands the vegetation along rivers and along the banks of lakes is lush and vibrant. In humid places there is taller, dense grass and clouds of midges.

Rule #3! Take a close look at the surrounding vegetation - look for lush areas with bright greenery and thickets of tall grass. Surely there is a source of water there.

Animal trails will similarly lead to a watering hole. It’s worth taking a closer look at the soil, seeing such a path and following it. If it begins to branch, turn back, the watering hole is behind you, and you have reached the place where the paths of various animals converge into one, leading to life-giving water.

Rule #4! Look for multiple animal tracks and follow them.

How to get to groundwater in forested areas

Search on high ground groundwater there is no point - they lie deep, and a person experiencing unbearable thirst, by chance deprived of drink in the forest, is unlikely to have plans to dig a well.

Typically, a layer of water located underground comes close to the surface only in lowlands. Its presence is indicated by moisture-saturated soil underfoot, lush thickets and dense shadow from overgrown trees. In wet areas There are practically no clearings or bald glades - everything is covered with impenetrable greenery and rather resembles a jungle with clouds of mosquitoes.

Groundwater

Having found such a place, you need to dig out the soil with a shovel, knife or stick. If the lower layers are wet, dig deeper hole. Soon the coveted prey will gather there - clean groundwater.

Rule #5! Search in the lowlands wet soil with thickets of greenery - underground water horizons are probably located nearby.

How to evaporate potable condensate in the forest

In the heat it is especially impossible to go long without drinking, but the heat can serve as an ally if you manage it correctly. The idea is to evaporate condensation from moisture-saturated greens under the sun.

You will need any polyethylene - bags are ideal, but a raincoat or greenhouse film will do.
The polyethylene is filled to capacity with greenery - freshly picked grass or tree leaves on hanging branches.
The polyethylene is tightly tied and exposed to the rays of the sun - it is better to hang it by constructing a kind of sinker on one of the ends.
After a couple of hours, the moisture from the greens will evaporate and collect in heavy drops along the walls of the polyethylene, and then flow down to the sinker.
All that remains to be done in the saggy, filled pure water, make a hole in the tip and pour the collected portion into a drinking vessel.
The more such bags of greens you place, the more water eventually it will come together.

Rule #6! Take roll-type garbage bags with you into the forest - they will not only prevent you from leaving garbage, but will also help you obtain absolutely clean, drinkable water.

If water is needed in a pine or spruce forest, then condensate can be obtained from the soil.

To do this, make a hole up to half a meter deep, and then place a vessel in its center to collect moisture.
All this is covered with a film of sufficient size to completely cover the edges of the hole.
The perimeter of the film is tightly covered with dug soil, stones, and sticks so that air does not penetrate inside.
Any weight is placed on the center of the film so that the drops that will collect on the other side of the film on its surface eventually flow directly into the vessel.
In a few hours, about 100 ml of pure water can be collected from one hole.

Rule #7! Look for moist soil and dig a hole - you can safely drink the collected condensate.

How best to collect rain moisture and dew

Another way to get rid of thirst in the absence of water is to collect dew or rainwater.

The dew is collected with a clean cloth, covering the greens with it in the morning. Another option is to wrap your feet while walking on wet grass.
As soon as the fabric has absorbed all the moisture, it is squeezed out with force over the vessel, and then repeated, moving through the thickets.
Rainwater is collected in a spread or stretched film and then drained.

Rule #8! A morning of clear weather will bring heavy dew, and a gloomy morning will bring rain, so there will definitely be water.

How to purify water found in the forest

Not always found river or lake water is suitable for drinking, not to mention swamp water. Only spring water will not raise any doubts. To purify water in forest conditions, the following methods are used.

Filtration through cotton wool or cloth and subsequent boiling.
Evaporation over a flame or under the sun and collection of condensate.
Adding potassium permanganate or iodine to the water and subsequent filtration.

Rule #9! Take iodine or potassium permanganate with you - these products disinfect the most dirty water, making it safe.

It would seem that what could be dangerous about a walk through a wonderful forest?

Forest edges, paths, mushrooms, berries - we love to collect the gifts of nature and do it often and with pleasure. But while enjoying surrounding nature It is necessary not to lose vigilance, otherwise you can easily get lost even in a familiar forest.

And if in order to survive in today’s super-intense and super-saturated life of society and do successful career, you can count on the help of special courses, many of which, in particular “success training,” can really help to modern man. For survival in the wild, these skills will be useless.

And this is where knowledge of a different kind will come to the rescue, if, of course, you have it. We were taught some of them at school; with their help, you can pass the OGE in Geography 2017 online tests with points. Exactly from school lessons we gleaned information that the human body can function quite well without food for a long time, but without water for only a few days. Water performs many important functions for our health and the body as a whole, and without it a person dies. This is why it is necessary to know how to get water in the forest, in case of unforeseen situations.

How and where to look for water in extreme conditions.

The first thing you need to pay attention to is to look for a natural water source nearby. It depends on what type of forest you get lost in. Water is easy to find in deciduous forest, with grassy soil, there will likely be many streams and springs. You just need to listen and you will probably hear the sound of water.

If the forest is dry, coniferous, with sandy soil, it will be more difficult to find water. But, as they say, there are no hopeless situations. The water flows downwards, so you need to go in the direction of the slope. It is necessary to use any descent while moving along it. You need to look for water in lowlands and hollows, where water can accumulate. Traces of streams and past rain may be found on the ground. If you look closely, you can always find the paths along which water once flowed. Even if the search takes several hours, eventually the tracks will lead you to the source.

Water can be found at the base of hills and low slopes. In your search, you can be guided by the signs that our smaller brothers - representatives of the animal world - show us. Pay attention to how ants, flies, birds behave; they accumulate near a water source.

If you haven’t found a natural source, then you need to remember how to get water from the soil in the forest. Of course, water is not literally extracted from the ground; it accumulates overnight in the form of dew on the leaves of plants, and condensation forms during the day, which can also help out in a difficult situation.

How to get water.

In the forest, as a rule, we take some useful things, such as a hunting or pocket knife or a shovel. Using a knife or spatula, you can try to get water in the first ravine you come across. To do this, a hole is dug, about half a meter in diameter and depth, and the necessary moisture is collected in it.

In addition to a knife, tourists take with them polyethylene to cover their tent in bad weather. This polyethylene will help you collect the required amount of water in case of rain. In addition to rain, it is convenient to collect dew drops. Polyethylene is stretched on poles so that a drain forms in one of the corners. The edges of the polyethylene are folded up and secured with clothespins or sticks. And the lower corner is fixed above any container - a canister, a flask or a mug. The most important thing is that it rains, then there will be no shortage of water, but even in clear weather you can collect up to 150-200 grams of dew in the morning.

If the weather is clear and sunny, you can pick as much juicy grass as possible and fill the bag with it. The open edge must be tied with a knot and placed in the sun. A little time will pass, and under the influence sun rays Moisture will form in the bag and you can quench your thirst. If there is no grass, then you can tie a bag directly on the leaves of the trees.

If there is no package, you need to collect smooth round stones and place them in the shape of a pyramid in a small depression in the sand or earth. It is necessary to place polyethylene or any other material that does not absorb moisture at the bottom of the recess. In just one night, enough moisture is formed here to quench your thirst.

There is an easier way to extract water. A round hole with a diameter of about one meter is dug in any soil: sand or soil. Bunches of grass and leaves are laid out at the bottom, and any container (saucepan, kettle or mug) is placed. Polyethylene is spread over the hole, and its edges are secured with stones. A small pebble is placed in the center, above the container itself, to form a funnel. Condensation collects on the inside of the polyethylene and flows into the container.

But it’s not enough to know how to get water in the forest, you need to know how to clean it properly. Sometimes without this it is impossible to use the extracted moisture for its intended purpose.

Methods of water purification and disinfection.

It’s good if you have matches and a pot on hand. Then you can make a fire and boil it, as we do at home.

But fire is not always at hand in the forest. There is a way that you can use without fire. For this cleaning we will need crystals of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate), which is almost always in the first aid kit. seasoned travelers or tourists.

A medical first aid kit will also be useful in the third method of disinfecting and purifying water. For this you need iodine, which you probably have in your travel first aid kit. The use of iodine allows you to clean even the dirtiest and muddy water, they even say from the swamp! For a pot of muddy water you will need only 3 drops of iodine or a crystal of potassium permanganate, from which you need to obtain a weak light pink solution. Surprisingly, the water purified in this way is suitable for drinking.

In emergency situations, the main thing is not to lose your head and you will definitely find a way out!