Sentences in which commas are used to separate. Punctuation marks are

To the question of what 3 groups punctuation marks are divided into, asked by the author Flush the best answer is Punctuation marks serve to separate sentences from each other in the text, to separate and highlight semantic segments in a sentence. They are divided into three groups: separative (in the text), dividing and emphasizing (in the sentence).
*** Separating punctuation marks
These include point, question mark, exclamation point, ellipsis. They are used:
to separate each word of a sentence from the next one in the text;
to design a separate sentence as complete.
The choice of one of the four separating marks is determined by the meaning and intonation of the sentence.
Punctuation at the end of a sentence
Rules:
A period is put at the end of narrative and incentive sentences unless they additionally express emotions (feelings).
At the end interrogative sentences a question mark is placed.
An exclamation mark is placed at the end of any sentence based on the purpose of the statement if they additionally express a feeling.
An ellipsis is placed at the end of a sentence if the writer takes a long pause.
*** Dividing marks punctuation
These include comma, semicolon, dash, colon. Punctuation marks serve in a simple sentence to indicate boundaries between homogeneous members(comma and semicolon), in complex - to separate simple sentences included in its composition.
The choice of dividing punctuation marks is determined by morphological, syntactic, semantic and intonation conditions.
***Punctuation marks
Distinctive punctuation marks serve to indicate the boundaries of semantic segments that complicate a simple sentence (addresses, introductory words, phrases, sentences, isolated secondary members), as well as direct speech.
Distinctive punctuation marks are a comma (two commas); dash (two dashes); Exclamation point; double brackets; colon and dash used together; double quotes.
The choice of punctuation marks is determined by syntactic, semantic and intonation conditions.

Answer from havani[expert]
Separating punctuation marks (separating punctuation marks) are elements of writing that perform auxiliary functions during the division of text into parts that have their own semantic and grammatical significance: semantic segments, homogeneous members of a sentence, simple sentences that are part of a complex sentence ; may indicate the communicative type of a sentence, its emotional coloring, completeness. Contrasted distinguishing marks punctuation that highlights parts within a text. Separating punctuation marks indicate pauses of varying lengths.

Distinguishing punctuation marks are called Such punctuation marks, the purpose of which in a sentence is to highlight particularly significant parts of it. Distinguishing punctuation marks are punctuation marks for isolated secondary members of a sentence with the meaning of an additional predicate, etc.

TO highlighting punctuation marks relate commas, dashes, parentheses, quotation marks, comma and dash , and colon .

Commas most often used for isolated terms with the meaning of an additional predicate, represented by:

1) separate definition(participial phrase, agreed definition, etc.)

Grass, wind-bent, lay down on the ground(M. Gorky);

Rain, boring and endless still pouring and pouring(Yu. Kazakov);

2) standalone application: Eagles, satellites of the troops, rose above the mountain(A. Pushkin);

3) isolated circumstance(gerund, participial turnover, comparative turnover, etc.)

Travelers, slowly, began to eat their modest lunch(E. Novov);

Here's the wind the clouds are catching up, sighed...(A. Pushkin);

Pond in places like steel, sparkled in the sun(I. Turgenev);

4) appeal

Give, Jim, lucky for me paw(S. Yesenin);

Make noise, make noise, obedient sail, worry under me, gloomy ocean (A. Pushkin);

5) an introductory word or combination of words

And there, go figure, it will be five versts...(G. Semenov);

On this day on the street, as the saying goes there was great excitement(N. Nosov);

6) subordinate clause complex sentence: And that's all what everyone dreamed about with themselves, another guessed with an inspired soul(V. Bryusov).

Dash as an emphasizing sign used in introductory sentences and inserted constructions:

My arrival - I could notice it– at first the guests were somewhat confused(I. Turgenev);

Groups – three or four people- scattered across a huge field(V. Soloukhin);

And unusual - vague and ominous- the roar came from this terrible, dense human mass compressed in a narrow space(A. Kuprin).

Note that in rare cases dash we can also meet with introductory words and combinations of words, but this happens extremely rarely and is not the rule. The introductory sentence is highlighted with a dash due to the fact that it is an independent construction within the sentence, but it can also - in rare cases - be highlighted and commas.

Brackets, like a dash, accompany introductory or insertive sentences: The Cossack was young ( you could tell he was twenty years old by his appearance), hasty in movement and especially in speech(K. Fedin).

To avoid confusion with punctuation marks, it is useful to know differences between an introductory sentence and an insertion construction.Introductory offer(like introductory words and phrases) carries an “emotional” assessment of what is being communicated: the writer can point to the source of the message, your attitude, the consistency And so on. Plug-in design introduces additional information into the sentence that specifies a more general judgment. In other words, the insert structure is a more independent unit.

Quotes highlight direct speech, as well as quotes: “Kubrak, Dubov, dismount!”– Levinson quietly commanded(A. Fadeev).

Comma and dash used as a single sign to highlight the author’s words within direct speech: "Certainly, - said Arkady,– but what a wonderful day it is today!”(I. Turgenev).

Colon And dash how highlighting punctuation marks are used in cases of highlighting a group of homogeneous members with a generalizing word: colon - after a generalizing word before homogeneous members; dash - after homogeneous members, if they do not end the sentence.

All nature: and forest, and water, and sandy hills- burns like a crimson glow(I. Goncharov).

Still have questions? Don't know about highlighting punctuation?
To get help from a tutor, register.
The first lesson is free!

website, when copying material in full or in part, a link to the source is required.

Punctuation- This:

Punctuation system
A branch of linguistics that studies punctuation marks and the rules for their use in writing

IN general education program is being studied 10 punctuation marks: period ( . ), question mark ( ? ), Exclamation point ( ! ), ellipsis ( ... ), comma ( , ), semicolon ( ; ), colon ( : ), dash ( - ), brackets (round) () , quotes ( " " ). Punctuation marks serve to indicate in a sentence and in the text the boundaries of semantic segments, the meaning of which is especially emphasized by the writer. Punctuation marks provide the writer and reader with an unambiguous understanding of the sentence and text.

Punctuation rule

Punctuation rule- this is an instruction that indicates the conditions for choosing a punctuation mark (i.e., its use or non-use). The conditions for choosing a punctuation mark are the grammatical, semantic and intonation features of sentences and their parts.

Note.

The place in the sentence where punctuation is necessary can be found by identifying features (signs). Identification marks application of punctuation rules:

morphological: the presence of participles, gerunds, interjections, conjunctions, individual particles;
syntactic: the presence of two or more grammatical stems, addresses, new words, detached members sentences, homogeneous members, alien speech;
sound: pronunciation with vocative and other types of intonations;
semantic: expression of reason, etc.

Functions of punctuation marks

Punctuation marks serve to separate sentences from each other in the text, to separate and highlight semantic segments in a sentence. They are divided into three groups: separating(in the text), dividing And excretory(in a sentence).

Separating punctuation marks

These include period, question mark, exclamation mark, ellipsis. They are used:

to separate each word of a sentence from the next one in the text;
to design a separate sentence as complete.

The choice of one of the four separating marks is determined by the meaning and intonation of the sentence.

Punctuation at the end of a sentence

Rules:

A period is put at the end of narrative and incentive sentences if they do not additionally express emotions (feelings).
At the end of interrogative sentences there is a question mark.
An exclamation mark is placed at the end of any sentence based on the purpose of the statement if they additionally express a feeling.
An ellipsis is placed at the end of a sentence if the writer takes a long pause.

Punctuation marks

These include comma, semicolon, dash, colon. Separating punctuation marks serve in a simple sentence to indicate boundaries between homogeneous members (commas and semicolons), in a complex sentence - to separate simple sentences included in its composition.

The choice of dividing punctuation marks is determined by morphological, syntactic, semantic and intonation conditions.

Distinctive punctuation marks

Distinctive punctuation marks serve to indicate the boundaries of semantic segments that complicate a simple sentence (addresses, introductory words, phrases, sentences, isolated secondary members), as well as direct speech.
Distinctive punctuation marks are a comma (two commas); dash (two dashes); Exclamation point; double brackets; colon and dash used together; double quotes.

The choice of punctuation marks is determined by syntactic, semantic and intonation conditions.

Cases when punctuation is not used

Between the subject and the predicate, which is joined by a conjunction How.
Between homogeneous members connected by single unions and, or.
Before application, if union How used in the meaning " as».
After participial phrase, if it comes before the defined noun and has no causal meaning.
Before adverbs formed from gerunds.
Between simple sentences in a complex sentence with a conjunction And in the presence of a common member.
Between homogeneous subordinate clauses connected by a conjunction And.
Between agreed upon definitions, if they characterize the subject from different angles.