In 1934, the USSR joined the international organization. Didactic units

As a result, the League of Nations organization emerged, designed to streamline the most current issues international relations.

The idea of ​​including the USSR in the League of Nations was periodically discussed by members of the organization, but was considered a matter of the distant future. Thus, in December 1920, members of the League supported the position of Swiss representative D. Mott that Russia “is a people in a state of ferment,” and its rulers show disrespect for the League and its members. Taking into account the revolutionary events and subsequent civil war in Russia this position seems fair. Italy, in which it will be established in the 30s. The fascist regime, through its delegate Viviani, outlined its position: free and democratic countries united in the League will wait for Russia to come to democratic transformations, “outside of which there is only anarchy and despotism.” The Bolsheviks' ideas about world revolution and the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat only worsened their relationship with the League.

In the mid-20s. In European diplomacy, thoughts about Russia's entry into the League began to appear. The Chairman of the League Assembly, Japanese K. Ishii, noted in 1923: “The League of Nations will not have of great importance until it includes America, Germany and Russia.” An interesting fact is that the beginning of the adjustment of one’s own positions coincided with the deployment in Russia of the New Economic Policy, which was based on commodity-money relations, i.e., in fact, capitalism.

For its part, the USSR also gradually changed its diplomatic rhetoric towards the League - from sharply negative and even rude to critical only of certain principles of relations between the member states of the organization and the articles of the League Charter. Despite the USSR's decrease in the degree of rejection of this organization, the question of accession was not resolved positively.

USSR Plenipotentiary Representative in France H. G. Rakovsky was sure: “The question of joining the League of Nations is a question of the balance of forces. With their current distribution, the League of Nations is an organization that will tie us both hand and foot, and where the capitalist states will dictate to us.” The Politburo agreed with Rakovsky. In the existing one in the 20s. international political situation, the USSR refused to join this organization.

The situation changed by the 1930s:

  1. Totalitarian regimes came to power in Germany, Italy and Japan.
  2. In the Versailles-Washington system, which functioned successfully after the First World War, economic, political and social problems accumulated to a critical threshold.
  3. "Revanchist" sentiments of the first losers world war countries affect the interests of many European states.
  4. In 1933, Japan and Germany left the organization.
  5. There is no security system.

Germany’s “revanchism” affected the interests of France, which, in order to strengthen its positions, invited the USSR to join the League of Nations.

As a result of the serious diplomatic work of France and the USSR, in an interview with a correspondent of one of the American newspapers on December 25, 1933.


In 1934, the USSR joined international organization, which was called:

a) Security Council

c) Comintern

d) League of Nations


  1. ^ By the period of radical change in the Great Patriotic War (1941- 1945) refer to:
a) Battle of Kursk

b) Berlin operation

c) Liberation of Belarus

d) Battle of Moscow


  1. The post-war period of history (1945-1953) includes:
a) Novocherkassk execution

b) philosophical ship

c) Leningrad affair

d) the case of M.N. Tukhachevsky


  1. ^ One of the main results of the formed industrialization carried out in the USSR in the late 1920s - 1930s was:
a) transfer of private enterprises into state ownership:

b) creation of large machine production

c) introduction of universal labor conscription

d) establishment of cost accounting at enterprises


  1. ^ An international organization created by the decision of the Yalta Conference of Heads of State anti-Hitler coalition(February 1945):
a) Security Council

b) League of Nations

d) Comintern


  1. ^ The largest operation of the Red Army in the summer of 1944 was the Belorussian operation, which had the code name:
a) Bagration

b) Hurricane

c) Overloader


  1. in 1937, a case was fabricated in which the leading Soviet military leaders accused of plotting against Stalin:
a) Case of M.N. Tukhachevsky

b) the doctors' case

c) Leningrad affair


  1. ^ To the events of the foreign policy of the USSR in the 1930s. not applicable:
a) establishment of diplomatic relations with the USA

b) armed clash between the USSR and Japan at Lake Khasan

c) Soviet-German non-aggression pact

d) participation in the Genoa Conference


  1. The question of opening a second front during the Second World War became the most important at the _________ conference:
a) Potsdam

b) Moscow

c) Yalta

d) Tehran


  1. For the socio-political life of the USSR in 1945-1953. was characteristic:
a) openness policy

b) fight against cosmopolitanism

c) the beginning of the “thaw”

d) persecution of dissidents


  1. ^ By the mid-1920s. as a result of the introduction of a new economic policy:
a) foreign concessions were prohibited

b) the rental of enterprises was prohibited

c) nationalization of industry was carried out

d) most small businesses became private


  1. ^ To the events of the foreign policy of the USSR in the 1920-1930s. applies:
a) formalization of the anti-Hiller coalition

b) Cuban missile crisis

c) input Soviet troops to Czechoslovakia

d) Treaty of Rapala


  1. ^ May 8, 1945 Act of unconditional surrender Germany, on behalf of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, was signed by the Marshal of the USSR:
a) G.K. Zhukov

b) A.M. Vasilevsky

c) K.K. Rokossovsky

d) I.H. Baghramyan


  1. ^ To the events of the period " cold war" relate:
a) creation of the Entente

b) Korean War

c) Soviet-Polish war

d) Soviet-German non-aggression pact


  1. The venue for the conference of the heads of state of the anti-Hiller coalition: USSR, USA, Great Britain in 1943 was the city:
a) Tehran

b) Rapallo

d) Brest


  1. One of the initiators of the transition from industry to territorial principle farm management in the late 1950s. was:
a) N.S. Khrushchev

b) L.I. Brezhnev

c) M.S. Gorbachev

d) A.N. Kosygin


  1. ^ The Red Army counteroffensive near Moscow begins
a) December 5, 1941

  1. Events of post-war history (1945-1953) include:
a) adoption of the “Decree on Peace”

b) preparation of the Marshal plan

c) creation of the “Anti-Comintern Pact”

d) creation of the Entente


  1. ^ According to the Constitution of the USSR of 1936, the highest body state power was proclaimed:
a) Council of Ministers

b) Supreme Soviet of the USSR

c) Federal Assembly

d) Council of People's Commissars


  1. to foreign policy events of 1945-1953. not applicable:
a) withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan

b) severance of relations with Yugoslavia

c) Korean War

d) formation of CMEA


  1. The plan for the counteroffensive of Soviet troops near Stalingrad had the code name:
a) Kutuzov

c) Bagration

d) Rail War


  1. In the “Leningrad case” he was repressed:
a) N.I. Bukharin

b) S.M. Kirov

c) N.A. Voznesensky

d) A.A. Zhdanov


  1. The USSR signed a non-aggression pact with Germany (Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact) in ____________:
a) 1941

  1. The war plan of Nazi Germany against the USSR, approved in 1940, was called:
a) Typhoon

d) Barbarossa


  1. ^ One of the results of the socio-economic policy of the USSR in the post-war period (1945-1953) was:
a) restoration industrial production by 1948

b) creation of concessions

c) introduction of surplus appropriation

d) carrying out price liberalization


  1. The period of diplomatic recognition of the USSR by the leading powers of the world began in _______:
a) 1924

  1. ^ In the first post-war years (1945-1950) in the USSR there were:
a) virgin lands have been developed

b) an 8-hour working day and vacations were introduced

c) food cards were introduced

d) pensions were introduced for collective farmers


  1. ^ To the characteristics of the Soviet foreign policy in 1933-1939 the term refers to:
a) new political thinking

b) appeasing the aggressor

c) collective security system

d) détente of international tension


  1. ^ One of the results of the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940. was:
a) annexation of the Karelian Isthmus with Vyborg to the USSR

b) UN agency

c) recognition of the USSR by European countries

d) conclusion of a Soviet-German non-aggression pact


  1. ^ Germany declared war on Russia:
a) October 25, 1917

  1. in 1939-1940 The USSR included the following territories:
a) the Baltic states, Western Ukraine and Western Belarus

b) Sudetenland

c) Manchuria

d) South Sakhalin


  1. When did the second world war start
a) September 1, 1939

  1. People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs in August 1939 was:
a) Chicherin

b) Sokolnikov

c) Litvinov

d) Molotov


  1. The massive creation of collective farms, carried out in the late 1920s - early 1930s, accompanied by the liquidation of individual farms:
a) Gosplan

b) collectivization

c) creation of state farms

d) industrialization


  1. What was meant by the concept of “fighting the fifth column” in the USSR:
a) fight against “enemies of the people”

b) the fight against German saboteurs during the Second World War

c) fight against separatism


  1. When did the Great Patriotic War end?
a) September 2, 1945

  1. What was included in the “four D” policy announced at the Potsdam Conference:
a) delegation

b) declaration

c) democratization

d) decolonization


  1. Where was the second front opened in World War II?
a) southern coast of Italy

b) northern coast of France

c) on the Balkan Peninsula


  1. Cross out the extra:
a) Potsdam Conference

b) Yalta Conference

c) Tehran Conference

d) Conference independent states Africa


  1. Select the extra:
a) constitutional monarchy

b) republic

c) federation

d) absolutism


  1. The system of transfer by the United States of America on loan or lease of weapons, ammunition, strategic raw materials, food, various goods and services to countries allied in the anti-Hitler coalition during the Second World War.
a) doctrine of containment

b) Lend-Lease

c) Atlantic Charter


  1. Select what's redundant:
a) repression

b) rehabilitation

c) repatriation

d) investment


  1. One of the reasons for failure Soviet army at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, This:
a) the indecisiveness of the border garrisons, who failed to provide worthy
resistance to the enemy

b) the betrayal of General A.A. Vlasov, who surrendered his army to the enemy

c) the incompetence of I.V. Stalin and the indecisiveness of the high command


  1. ^ Rooted in socio-political and historical literature title of the Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact of August 23, 1939:
a) Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact

b) Munich Agreement

c) Riga Peace Treaty

d) Treaty “On Friendship and Borders”


  1. The gap in prices for sold and purchased industrial and agricultural goods, characterizing the unequal exchange between city and countryside, between developed and developing countries in international trade:
a) speculation

b) price scissors

c) surplus appropriation

d) tax in kind


  1. The process of creating large-scale machine production and on this basis the transition from an agricultural to an industrial society:
a) industrialization

b) industrial revolution

c) scientific and technological progress

d) scientific and technological revolution


  1. When did the Great Patriotic War begin?
a) June 22, 1941

  1. When did World War II end?
a) September 2, 1945

  1. What was not included in the “four D” policy announced at the Potsdam Conference:
a) democratization

b) denazification

c) decartelization

d) demarginalization


  1. Cross out the extra:
a) Moscow conference

b) Tehran Conference

c) Yalta Conference,

d) UN Conference on Trade and Development


  1. A term denoting a state of military-political confrontation between states and groups of states, in which an arms race is being waged, economic pressure measures are being applied, and military-strategic bridgeheads and bases are being organized:
a) strange war

b) cold war

c) globalization

d) intervention


  1. Return to their homeland of prisoners of war and civilians who found themselves outside its borders as a result of the war, as well as emigrants
a) repatriation

b) rehabilitation

c) annexation

d) cartelization


  1. Famine in the USSR in 1932-1933. was called:
a) emergency seizure of grain from collective farms in grain regions during grain procurements, increasing the export of grain abroad for the purchase of industrial equipment

b) increasing funds for the development of healthcare, carrying out a general education revolution

c) increasing funds for implementation wide range social rights of workers and employees proclaimed in the country in the 30s


  1. ^ How to explain Russia's traditional backwardness from Europe?
a) geographical factor

b) long-term dominance of serfdom

c) a system of despotism


  1. ^ Year of entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan:
a) 1981

b) 1979

c) 1985

d) 1977
VIII. USSR in 1953 - 1991 Russia at the end of the 20th - beginning of the 21st century


a) Death of Stalin 1953

b) Beginning of virgin lands development 1954

c) XX Congress of the CPSU 1956

d) Launch of the first artificial Earth satellite in the USSR 1957

e) First manned space flight 1961

f) Cuban Missile Crisis 1962


  1. establish correspondence between events and dates
a) Beginning of virgin lands development 1954

b) XX Congress of the CPSU 1956

c) Launch of the first artificial Earth satellite in the USSR 1957

d) Novocherkassk execution 1962

e) Election of Khrushchev as First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee 1953


  1. What problems NOT belong to the period of Brezhnev's reign
a) development of nomenclature,

b) lack of reforms,

c) restriction of democracy,

d) abuse of official duties

e) democratization of society

f) de-Stalinization


  1. ^ Match events and dates
a) repeal of Article 6 of the Constitution,

b) attempted coup d'etat (GKChP)

c) Yeltsin’s decree on the Dissolution of the Federal Assembly

Card system of supplying the population January 1, 1929 - January 1, 1935

On December 7, 1934, the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated December 7, 1934 N 2684 “On the abolition of the card system for baked bread, flour and cereals and the system for the sale of industrial crops with bread” was issued, published in No. 286 of the Izvestia of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR and the All-Russian Central Executive Committee dated December 8, 1934.
It said:

Based achieved successes development of socialist agriculture, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, in order to further improve the supply of workers and expand trade turnover between city and countryside, decides:

To abolish the rationing system for baked bread, flour and cereals from January 1, 1935 and to expand everywhere the sale of baked bread, flour and cereals from state and cooperative stores on the following grounds:

I.
On the introduction of unified state retail prices for bread and cereals.

In order to abolish the current high commercial and too low standardized retail prices for baked bread, flour and cereals, establish from January 1, 1935, unified national state retail prices for baked bread, flour and cereals...


***
The expansion of socialist industrialization, and subsequently the socialist reconstruction of agriculture, gave rise to a number of new phenomena in trade turnover and the state of money circulation. The price scale and level have changed wages and other monetary incomes of the population, the purchasing power of the ruble has changed. These changes mainly occurred during 1929–1935.
The growth of cities in connection with the industrialization of the country, the rapid increase in the number of industrial workers, as well as the need to provide bread to the peasant population in industrial crop areas led to a significant increase in the demand for bread and other food products, as well as for agricultural raw materials. Given the predominance of small-scale farming, characterized by low marketability, and the strong resistance of the kulaks to state grain procurements, this increased demand could not but cause a significant increase in market prices, which posed a serious threat to the purchasing power of the ruble and real wages.
Workers and employees in 1928–1929 They also bought up to 25% of the products they needed on the private market. Meanwhile, market prices of products increased sharply: in the year 1928/29 alone they increased by almost 50%.
As long as the socialist agricultural sector could not yet satisfy the need for consumer products, it was necessary to take measures to maintain real wages and provide workers with bread according to low prices from government reserves. This measure was the introduction of the card system in 1929.
This was a forced measure, without which it was impossible to resolve the immediate tasks of socialist construction. While protecting the ruble from depreciation, the card system at the same time limited the role and meaning of money.
The rationed supply did not fully meet the food needs of the urban population. Market resource utilization was still relatively high, while market prices continued to rise rapidly.
Under these conditions, in order to strengthen the ruble, it was necessary to ensure the further expansion of Soviet trade and the ousting of capitalist elements from the sphere of trade turnover.
In 1931, the private trader, whose share in 1929 accounted for 13.5% of retail turnover, was completely forced out. At the same time, contracting of marketable agricultural products is being widely deployed - new form trade turnover between city and countryside.
A special form of Soviet trade, designed to improve the supply of workers and influence market prices in the direction of their reduction, was state commercial trade at increased prices.
Commercial trade has been widely developed since 1933. Along with collective farm trade, commercial trade was important means maintaining the purchasing power of the ruble. The reduction in prices in commercial trade, which was carried out in a planned manner, led to a general decrease in prices on the collective farm market. Thus, by March 1934, market prices had decreased by more than 45% compared to the same month in 1933. Nevertheless, the prices of the collective farm market and commercial trade were significantly higher than the prices of closed trade.
By the end of 1934, large-scale mechanized production had become established in agriculture. Collective and state farms took a dominant position in agriculture. Serious successes have been achieved in their organizational and economic strengthening. On this basis, the state received at its disposal, both through government supplies and through purchases at increased prices, sufficient a large number of bread in order to fully ensure the supply of the population without cards in open Soviet trade at uniform prices. (Mukhin Yuri Stalin - master of the USSR)

On September 18, 1934, the general meeting of the League of Nations adopted a resolution on the admission of the USSR to the League and the inclusion of its representative in its Council as a permanent member.

The League of Nations is an international organization aimed at developing cooperation between peoples and guaranteeing peace and security, was created after the First World War in 1919. The main bodies of the League of Nations were: Assembly (Assembly sessions were held annually in September and all members of the League participated in their work Nations), the Council of the League of Nations and the permanent secretariat headed by the Secretary General.

The official languages ​​of the League of Nations were French and English.

The Charter of the League, developed by a special commission created at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919-1920, and included in the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 and other peace treaties that ended the First World War of 1914-1918, was originally signed with 44 states , including the 31st state that took part in the war on the side of the Entente or joined it, and 13th states that adhered to neutrality during the war. The United States did not ratify the charter of the League of Nations and did not become one of its members.

From the moment of its creation, the League of Nations was one of the centers where anti-Soviet actions of the imperialist powers were planned and developed. The Soviet government fought against attempts by the League of Nations to interfere in the internal affairs of the young Soviet Republic. Nevertheless, it actively participated in conferences and meetings on disarmament held under the auspices of the League of Nations. In the mid-1930s. due to the growing threat from fascist Germany, fascist Italy and militaristic Japan, the governments of some states began to seek cooperation with the USSR both within the framework of the League of Nations and outside it.

On September 15, 1934, thirty delegates of the League of Nations addressed the Soviet government with a telegram inviting the USSR to join the League and “bring its valuable cooperation.” Delegates from four more countries communicated their decision to vote for the admission of the Soviet Union through the usual diplomatic channels. On the same day, the Soviet government responded with a letter to the Chairman of the Assembly accepting the proposal international cooperation in the interests of peace and readiness to become a member of the League.

On September 18, the issue of the USSR joining the League of Nations was considered at a meeting of the Assembly. 39 members of the League voted for the admission of the USSR to the League of Nations, 3 were against (Holland, Portugal and Switzerland), and 7 members abstained from voting. Not a single vote was cast against the inclusion of the USSR in the League Council, but representatives of ten countries abstained. Thus, the USSR was admitted to the League of Nations and became a permanent member of the Council.

Accepting the proposal to join the League of Nations, the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the USSR M. M. Litvinov noted that the USSR could not identify with all the decisions of the League of Nations and considered its Charter far from perfect. In particular, the 12th and 15th articles in some cases legalize war, and the 23rd does not provide for racial equality of all peoples. He said that Soviet Union The idea of ​​uniting nations is quite understandable, since the USSR itself is a League of Nations, with 185 nationalities living in it.



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