The turtle makes everyone laugh because he is in no hurry. Funny poems about a turtle

Cha-cha-cha-cha, - a candle is burning on the table.
Cho-cho-cho-cho, - oh, it’s hot as a candle.
Chu-chu-chu-chu, - I'll blow on the candle.
Chi-chi-chi-chi, - I’ll blow out the flame from the candle.

Cha-cha-cha - the bunny is sitting at the doctor.
Chu-chu-chu - the doctor goes to the rook.

Cha-cha-cha – Tanya was at the doctor’s.
Chu-chu-chu- I knock with a hammer.
Chi-chi-chi - the rolls are steaming in the oven.
Hour, hour, hour - the kids started dancing.
Ooch-och-och - night has come.

SPIDER
Chok-chok is a spider.
Chok-chok - there's a spider behind the stove.
Chok-chok - a spider weaves a web.
Chok-chok - a spider is waiting for prey.

Four turtles have four hatchlings.

The turtle, not bored, sits for an hour with a cup of tea.

On a black night, a black cat jumped into a black chimney,
There is blackness in the chimney. Find the cat there!

Automation of the sound Ch in words

1. Thickets are more often in our Pushcha, in our Pushcha they are often thicker.
2. They put the pike into the river and put the pie in the oven.
3. At the top of the tower, rooks scream day and night.
4. It’s not bricks bursting on the stove at night. Rolls of bread are bubbling on the stove.
5. Swifts and siskins are chirping in the grove.
6. Thumbelina and her daughter have less than a dot.
7. Pull the strip out from under the kochedyk (the tool used to weave bast shoes).
8. The watchmaker, squinting his eye, is fixing the watch for us.
9. The turtle, not bored, sits for an hour with a cup of tea.
The turtle makes everyone laugh because he is in no hurry.
And why rush for someone who is always in his home.
10. Four turtles each have four turtles.
11. Streams gurgled and purred, bumblebees buzzed over the streams.
12. The teacups, in sadness, knocking and clinking, screamed.
13. Under the mat, under the ceiling, hangs half a container of peas without a worm, without a wormhole.
14. The shepherd in the sheepfold growled at the shepherd, the shepherd in the sheepfold growled at the shepherd.
15. Daddy has a daddy, and daddy's daddy has a daddy, and daddy's daddy's daddy has a daddy, and daddy's daddy's daddy's daddy doesn't have a daddy.
16. Lenochka and Olechka are the daughters of mommy Tanechka and daddy Igorechka and granddaughters of grandmothers Verochka and Lyudmilochka and grandfathers Yurochka and Volodechka.
17. Four little black little imps were drawing a drawing in black ink.
18. Our chebotar (shoemaker) is a chebotar to all chebotars, our chebotar cannot be outdone or overcharged by anyone - our chebotar will overtake and overtake everyone.
19. The river flows, the stove bakes, the river flows, the stove bakes.
20. The river flows, the stove bakes.
21. Half a quarter of a quarter of a pea without a wormhole.
22. If you did not live near a blackberry tree, but if you lived near a strawberry tree, then strawberry jam is familiar to you, and blackberry jam is not at all familiar to you.

Waiting for your baby's first milk teeth is an exciting and pleasant time, although it is accompanied by some inconveniences. However, one expectation soon gives way to another. And now mom and dad can’t wait for the baby teeth to start replacing with molars.

Changes associated with the growth and loss of teeth in a child always raise a lot of questions. One of the first is when the first molars appear. We answer: at 6-7 years old. You will learn the rest from our article.

Growth and replacement of baby teeth

It is interesting to know that baby teeth begin their formation when the baby is in the mother's womb. And after birth, permanent teeth begin to develop in the gums. This is a long and fascinating process, the duration of which depends on the characteristics of the individual development of the little person.

Normally, an adult has 32 teeth, 16 on top and bottom. U small child there are fewer of them - only 20. The toothfish begins to lose its milk wealth as soon as the formation of permanent teeth in the gums ends. They erupt, displacing temporary teeth.

Features of dental care

The sooner you teach your child to take care of his mouth, the healthier his teeth will be. Both molars and baby teeth need cleaning. Moreover, the first permanent teeth especially need this, because at first the enamel is still very thin. It lacks the minerals to resist germs and tooth decay. Therefore, experts recommend using a paste containing fluoride. It is strongly recommended to rinse your mouth after every meal. clean water. It is advisable to eat less sweets during the day, because... Sugar destroys enamel.

Sometimes in the process of changing teeth there are discomfort in the gums and itching, there are complaints of increased sensitivity while eating. Foods containing calcium and vitamin-mineral complexes help strengthen teeth. Give practical advice A qualified pediatric dentist can help relieve pain and itching, as well as prescribe vitamins.

Teeth are growing crooked: what to do?

Curvature of molars can appear literally out of the blue, even if the baby row was perfect. Most common cause protrusion of individual teeth or their misalignment is a slow growth of the jaw, while the teeth themselves grow at a normal speed. Thus, there is simply not enough space for the teeth, and they take up space above their neighbors. Another reason for curvature is the habit of sucking a finger, tongue or foreign objects (pacifiers, pens, etc.).

It is possible to determine whether a child’s oral cavity is developing correctly at about 5 years of age. Conduct a simple inspection at home and pay attention to the gaps between your teeth. If they are sufficient for the appearance of the first molars, then everything is in order. If baby teeth sit very tightly together, then it may make sense to visit an orthodontist.

Removal of a baby tooth: in what cases is it necessary?

The desire of many parents to pull out a baby tooth immediately after it begins to loosen can be explained by the desire to help the child and ease his suffering. However, this should not be done. With natural loosening, changing teeth is less painful.

There are two good reasons for surgical tooth extraction:

when it interferes with the eruption of the molar, and this can lead to curvature;
when there is an inflammatory process.

A tooth can also be removed if it has been loose for a long time, causing discomfort to the baby. If you have any other concerns, we recommend that you consult a specialist.

A tooth fell out: what to do?

With a normal change of teeth, the wound after tooth loss does not bleed. In this case, it is enough for the child not to eat or drink for the next 2 hours. This will prevent irritants from getting into the wound, as well as infection. To prevent infection, you can make a rinse solution: 2 tablespoons of salt per glass of water with the addition of 2-3 drops of iodine.

If the cavity in the gum is bleeding, do not be alarmed. This only indicates a rupture of thin vessels under the tooth. You can stop the bleeding by biting on a cotton swab for 5-10 minutes. If blood still flows after this, call a doctor and get tested.

Caries of primary teeth: prevention and treatment

Caries of primary teeth is a common problem in children. Many parents do not give her special significance, hoping that the affected tooth will fall out soon, and make a mistake. An advanced infection can cause jaw deformation, displacement of molars, as well as their damage in their infancy.

Most often, caries is detected at the age of 2-3 years, and the appearance of dark spots is influenced not only by insufficient hygiene, but even by the mother’s lifestyle during pregnancy. Poor diet, taking strong medications, and bad habits often provoke the development of caries during the baby’s intrauterine development.

Caries also often occurs in premature babies, in children artificial feeding(especially with prolonged use of bottles), as well as in babies with gastrointestinal problems. The teeth of those with a sweet tooth are often affected. The plaque that remains after eating sweets quickly destroys thin enamel.

We recommend visiting a dentist immediately after the first baby teeth appear. In the future, it is necessary to examine the oral cavity at least once a year. This is the main method of prevention and timely treatment.

To strengthen it, you can remineralize the enamel with a special preparation. If a surface stain is nevertheless discovered, it can be “patched” by silver plating. Additionally, applying solutions containing fluoride, calcium, magnesium and silicon will help strengthen the surface of the teeth.

Each person goes through the stages of the eruption of the first teeth, the development of milk teeth and their subsequent replacement by permanent ones. Despite their similar appearance and function, temporary and permanent teeth have differences, which we will talk about, at the same time we will consider the timing of the appearance of the main teeth, possible problems with them in the process of their development.

The photo shows a diagram of the structure of human teeth

Teeth are not only intended for mechanical processing of food, but are also necessary for the formation of speech, breathing, and influence facial features. To navigate what dentists advise, how to take care of your teeth, and what the risks of disease are, it is useful to know how they work.

Anatomical structure

3 parts that make up a tooth:

Crown. The visible part of the tooth used for chewing. The outside is covered with durable enamel that protects it from bacteria. chemicals contained in food, water, saliva. The surfaces have their own names:
- Facial (vestibular) – contacts the lip or cheek.
- Lingual (lingual) – the opposite of the facial, involved in the formation of speech.
- Occlusion - the upper surface in contact with the tooth of the opposing jaw.
- Contact (approximal) – contacts with adjacent teeth.
Neck. An area of a tooth with a slightly noticeable narrowing. Serves to connect the crown and root of the tooth, for which connective tissue fibers are used.
Root. Located in the jaw bone (alveolus). The number of roots varies between teeth and can range from 1 to 5.

Milk teeth, having a largely similar structure, also have differences in anatomy:

They are noticeably smaller in height than permanent ones.
The crown is much wider than the root.
Enamel is thinner and more fragile.
The roots are more round.
Wearing of baby teeth, as well as their spontaneous loss, is a normal physiological process.

Histological structure

The structure has several layers:

Enamel is the most durable fabric. When a tooth just erupts, a cuticle is located on it, which is gradually, under the influence of saliva, replaced by a pellicle.
Dentin is a highly mineralized tissue that resembles bone, but has better mechanical strength. Instead of enamel, the root part of the dentin is covered with cement.
Pulp - the central part of the tooth, is a soft connective tissue, in which it is located large number blood vessels. , inflammatory processes “owe” pain to the pulp with its large number of nerve endings.

Milk teeth are distinguished by dentin with a lesser degree of mineralization, which weakens their protection against caries. The volume of pulp occupies most of the tooth, and small protective layers (enamel and dentin) are less effective at protecting against the penetration of bacteria and the development of inflammatory processes.

Types of teeth

There are 4 groups:

Incisors. 4 chisel-shaped cutters. The largest are a pair of upper central incisors, and the situation is opposite from below - the lateral incisors are slightly larger than the central ones.
Fangs. 2 on the upper and the same number on the lower jaw. Their length is longer than the others, the front wall is convex.
Premolars. There are 8 in total, prismatic in shape, the upper surface with two tubercles (buccal and lingual). Premolars have 2 roots. The second premolar has a larger buccal surface. There are no primary premolars.
Molars. The first molar (molar) is the largest tooth in the upper jaw. The chewing surface has four tubercles, 3 roots. The cubic-shaped second molar is smaller, and the buccal tubercles are larger than the lingual ones. The third (“wisdom tooth”) is in many ways similar to the second, but not everyone has it.

Dental formula

In order to improve the convenience of describing each tooth, numbering them, and filling out cards, it is customary to record the order of the teeth using a special formula. There are several varieties of it.

Zsigmondy-Palmer system (quadratic-digital)

Used Arabic numerals, numbering starts from the central incisors in each direction:

1 and 2 – incisors.
3 – fang.
4, 5 – premolars.
6-8 – molars.

Milk teeth are designated differently - using Roman numerals:

I and II – incisors.
III – fang.
IV and V – molars.

Two-digit Viola system

Teeth numbering uses 2 digits. The jaws are divided into 4 quadrants. The first digit shows its number.

For adults this is:

1 – upper jaw on the right.
2 – upper jaw on the left.
3 – lower jaw on the left.
4 – lower jaw reference.

For a similar description of baby teeth, numbers 5 to 8 are used.

So, there are 8 teeth in each quadrant, its number is shown by the second digit. Thus, the first molar of the lower jaw on the left is designated 35, and the child’s canine from the lower right is designated 43. Therefore, the phrase that “treatment of the 48th tooth is required,” or, for example, the 55th, does not indicate the doctor’s lack of qualifications or what - or pathology in your child, who suddenly acquired so many teeth.

Dental development

The differences between primary and molar teeth begin with their number - only 20 primary teeth, 8 incisors and molars, and 4 canines. This is explained by the fact that children simply have nowhere to fit more teeth. In this regard, there are no primary premolars. By the time the permanent teeth appear, the adolescent’s jaws are already sufficiently developed for all teeth to appear.

The formation of tooth buds in humans begins at the 6th week of intrauterine development, and at the 14th week hard dental tissue appears. The crown develops first. The development of the rudiments of permanent teeth begins in the 5th month.

By the time a child is born, the formation of both primary and permanent teeth is almost complete. The process of development of permanent teeth, which have no analogues among milk teeth, begins a year after birth.

While the first teeth may appear at 4 months, and their eruption may be delayed for up to a year, permanent teeth erupt in everyone at approximately the same age. The sequence of their eruption is the same as in the case of milkweeds:

6-7 years. The central incisors appear from below.
7-8 years old. The central incisors on top and the lateral incisors on the bottom are replaced.
8-9 years old. The lateral incisors of the upper jaw appear.
9-12 years old. Canines and premolars are replaced.
From the age of 12. From this age, molars begin to change, and from about 14 years of age, teeth appear, which were not among the milk teeth.

Signs of the imminent appearance of molars

You can determine when you should soon wait for the baby teeth to begin replacing with permanent teeth based on several signs:

The gradual growth of the baby's jaws leads to increasing gaps between the teeth.
The tooth begins to wobble. This is due to the fact that the already small root begins to gradually dissolve, causing the fixation of baby teeth to be significantly weakened.
A fallen tooth indicates that the formed permanent one, which is about to appear, pushed it out.
Swelling and redness may appear on the gums at the site of the eruption of a permanent tooth.
Pain in the gums, where the permanent tooth erupts, increased temperature, and poor health of the child indicate problems have arisen, and it is necessary to see a doctor. The process of erupting molars should be painless.

Possible problems

At the moment the molars appear, certain dental problems are possible. In order to take timely measures to eliminate them, parents must have an idea about them.

Molars do not erupt

A situation is possible in which baby teeth do not fall out in a timely manner, or they have fallen out, but molars have begun to appear in their place. The reason for this must be determined by the dentist, who must be visited without delay. A general x-ray is usually taken to show the degree of development of the molars.

Among the options for the lack of eruption of molars in due time can be indicated:

Hereditary predisposition, which is the cause of a possible delay in the appearance of molars. If the x-ray shows that the process of forming the rudiments of teeth is underway, then you will just have to wait a little for their appearance.
Adentia. Disturbances in the processes of formation of tooth germs during the intrauterine development of a child, inflammatory processes can lead to a similar pathology - the absence or death of tooth germs. The solution is prosthetics.

Pain

The first time after teething, the tooth is poorly protected from caries and the effects of various bacteria. This is explained by the low degree of enamel mineralization at the initial stage. Almost nothing interferes with the development of caries; tooth tissue is destroyed, pulpitis occurs, with the subsequent risk of its transition to periodontitis. Severe pain, changes in body temperature and deterioration in well-being may occur.

It is highly advisable not to let the situation get worse, not to cause severe pain, but to visit a dentist as soon as painful sensations appear. If a child is predisposed to caries, it is better to carry out preventive procedures, for example, fissure sealing. The folds on the chewing surface are covered with a composite material that protects such natural cavities from the accumulation of food debris in them, the development of bacteria, and inflammatory processes.

In the worst case, you can lose a tooth.

Teeth grow crooked

A common situation is when the molar has already begun to erupt, but the baby tooth does not want to fall out. The result is that the new tooth seeks alternative growth paths, which leads to its displacement and change in the direction of growth. Hence the malocclusion and the alignment of the dentition. Treatment will be required.

If this situation occurs, you should not remove or loosen a baby tooth yourself; you should visit a doctor.

Loss of molars

An alarming symptom of the presence of diseases (caries, etc.) in the oral cavity, or there are problems with the entire body (connective tissue diseases, diabetes, etc.). A visit to the doctor is mandatory.

This is necessary to develop a strategy for restoring a lost tooth. This is necessary for the proper growth of the remaining teeth and the formation of the maxillofacial system. Considering that the jaw tissue is still in the process of growth, prosthetics are only possible temporary, which must be adjusted as the jaws develop. Permanent prosthetics will be available only after their formation is completed.

Injuries

The first few years after teething, teeth are at increased risk of injury from impact. Sports injuries, falls, and blows can lead to chipping of parts of the tooth and cracks. Be sure to contact a dentist who will restore the lost part with modern materials.

Conclusion

Permanent teeth are not subject to regeneration; they are given once and for life. Attentive attitude, especially during their development, careful care, timely visits to the pediatric dentist for treatment and preventive procedures will help preserve them.

Teeth grow twice during a lifetime – by the age of 2-3 years (baby teeth) and 11-12 years (permanent). How does the replacement process take place, which teeth do not change in a person?

When do children lose teeth?

At normal conditions the shift begins at six years old. There are 20 milk units, 28 permanent units. 20-25 years is the age of appearance of third molars. Not everyone grows them, but absence (complete or partial) is not considered a pathology. The table shows the order of teething in children.

The numbers are relevant for both jaws, except for the canines and molars: the lower ones change before the upper ones. Premolars, which erupt for the first time at 10-12 years of age, are not present in the primary dentition. Loss occurs as the roots are reabsorbed from the top to the base.

Scheme of changing teeth.
Will the molars change? The term refers to molars (chewing units) that erupt twice. The name is also used in relation to permanent units that grow once and remain until the end of life.

Deviations

Loss and growth rarely occur with difficulties, but problems are possible:

Violations of deadlines. Changes are determined by individual factors. If there are no unpleasant symptoms, no complaints from the child about pain, discomfort, there is no reason to worry. But early loss provokes malocclusion: neighboring teeth strive to occupy the vacant space. The doctor, after conducting a diagnosis, will decide to install a prosthesis.
Retention(stopping eruption) occurs due to improper placement, lack of space, inflammatory processes, and premature removal of milk. An orthopantogram () will reveal the cause of retention. For treatment, a hardware method is used to stimulate eruption; if there are no results, surgery is performed.

Prevention of retention – control over the condition of baby teeth, elimination of caries.
Prevention of retention – control over the condition of baby teeth, elimination of caries. If removal is required ahead of schedule, it is recommended to install children's prostheses: soft temporary, easily removable structures.

3. Signs of inflammation. Usually the replacement process is painless: the gums are prepared for the growth of massive units, the roots of the milk in children are gradually absorbed. If teeth fall out with the appearance of swelling, fever, severe pain, go to the dentist: the symptoms accompany the inflammatory process.

- It is possible to loosen a loose tooth, accelerating tooth loss. It is impossible to shake strong units. Dentistry operates with the concept of “spatial balance”, to maintain which there is no need to accelerate the natural process.
- When the milk does not fall out, and a new tooth appears nearby, consult a doctor: it may grow crooked or in the second row.
- After falling out, a bleeding wound appears. For a while, you should give up hard foods, carbonated drinks, and spices that irritate the mucous membranes. It is prohibited to cauterize wounds with alcohol, brilliant green, or hydrogen peroxide.
- Empty spaces on the gums cause difficulty chewing. Offer your child pureed, soft food so that unchewed pieces do not enter the stomach, disrupting the work.
- During the shift period, the need for phosphorus, which protects against caries, and calcium is high. Expand the children's diet with a large number of fish dishes, cottage cheese, and dairy products.

Limit sweets. The acid remaining after their consumption eats away thin enamel, causing cavities to appear.
Choose ones that contain a specially selected combination of calcium and fluoride.

At the end of the exciting and painful period of eruption of the first incisors and canines, parents begin to worry about the next problem, at what age, how, when do children change their milk teeth to permanent ones, what complications and difficulties may lie in wait at this part of their life’s journey.

Knowing the approximate number corresponding to age periodization makes it possible to understand how many baby teeth fall out in children over the entire period allotted by nature for this.

Their presence can be independently calculated by subtracting the number 4 from the age (in months). Consequently, a baby can have 8 erupted milk jugs per year (12 – 4). Of course, it is difficult to expect such accuracy in reality; each baby is individual. Therefore, he can demonstrate all twenty young teeth at both two and a half and three years old.

Changing teeth: the essence of the process

Baby teeth appear in children relatively early short time. Already by the age of six, their loss begins, due to the natural course of growing up. During normal flow, gaps form, indicating the imminent beginning of the important stage of farewell. In this case, the permanent replacement canines and incisors will easily be placed in their rightful places.

Scheme of loss of milk teeth and eruption of permanent teeth

If there are no gaps, difficulties may arise due to lack of space.

The process of changing types of teeth in the ideal course of events does not cause any difficulties. The shallow root gradually dissolves, which is accompanied by pronounced wobbling. Children actively help by constantly touching the tooth with their tongue and fingers. This often leads to the fact that the milk jug falls out before its permanent counterpart hatches.

Approximate dates

In the theory of medicine, of course, patterns have been developed for the entire process of changing teeth, taking into account that it begins with the front incisor, which is lost at 5.5 ÷ 6 years. Next, a certain sequence can be traced, which allows us to understand at what age children’s milk teeth change to permanent ones. The diagram showing up to what age the process of forming a permanent smile extends demonstrates this clearly. It is built as follows:

6 ÷ 7 years – central incisors of the lower jaw, first molars – lower and upper;
7 ÷ 8 – upper central incisors, lower lateral incisors;
8 ÷ 9 – lateral incisors of the upper jaw;
9 ÷ 10 – fangs from below;
10 ÷ 12 – premolars – the first simultaneously with the second on both jaws;
11 ÷ 12 – upper canines, second premolars from below;
11 ÷ 13 – lower second molars;
12 ÷ 13 – second molars on the upper jaw;
18 ÷ 22 - “wisdom teeth” - not every person appears.

Such an algorithm is considered the norm, allowing it to become an approximate guideline that determines when and at what age a child’s baby teeth – canines, incisors – change.

If any violations of the order are discovered, it is imperative to seek consulting help from a dentist.

Diagram - at what age do baby teeth change to permanent ones?

Oral hygiene

To maintain the excellent condition of the enamel of the emerging permanent incisors, canines on for many years, careful monitoring by parents over the child’s compliance with hygiene procedures is needed. For morning and evening cleaning, select types of brushes with soft bristles that are not capable of causing damage to the gums.

Pastes are purchased that are recommended for children and contain calcium and fluorine in the structural formula. Children do not like lengthy procedures and may not perform them thoroughly enough without parental supervision. Therefore, control is necessary to form the habit of properly cleaning all dental surfaces.

An important component of hygiene measures is rinsing the mouth with herbal decoctions - chamomile, St. John's wort, yarrow, a weak salt solution or just water after finishing a meal. This simple and accessible method for the child, which has become a familiar ritual, will prevent negative consequences in the form of inflammation when plaque accumulates. It is advisable to visit the dentist every six months, even in the absence of visible disorders.

Sometimes children's teeth, when they change, leave a bleeding socket. A piece of sterile bandage must be applied to it, which the child bites and holds for about ten minutes. If the appearance of blood lasts more than twenty minutes, you must definitely get the help of a doctor. Eating is stopped for two hours immediately after the tooth falls out. The child must know about this and accept it independently. the right decision, if at that moment there are no parents nearby. There is no need to eat excessively hot or cold foods, as well as sour or spicy foods during the day.

At what age and when do children change their baby teeth to permanent ones?

The necessary vitamin and mineral complex that promotes the formation of healthy and strong enamel, the duration of the course of treatment, and the frequency are determined by the doctor.

Violation of deadlines

The length of the period determined by the natural course of the child’s growing up for the complete replacement of temporary milk jugs is quite long. The diagram and photos that are presented on the website clearly show which teeth change in children.

In some cases, irregularities do occur, the cause of which can be discussed with your dentist. The most common cause of concern is when all acceptable deadlines have passed, and there are still no permanent analogues. By this time, the milkmen may hold their positions, or they may already fall out. A plain radiograph prescribed by a doctor can clarify the picture. Analysis of the resulting image will reveal the stage of formation of all teeth.

The child will experience the most severe discomfort when he or she is deprived of baby teeth, which makes chewing difficult. To organize a complete diet, parents should prepare various types of cereals, pureed soups and vegetable purees.

“Shark teeth” - the reasons for their appearance

In a normally occurring process, the loose baby tooth first falls out and is helped in this by its permanent counterpart that grows after it. However, not all children follow the algorithm in full and the real representative is in a hurry to appear before the milkman gives way to him.

It is especially alarming if, in this way, a whole series of permanent analogues that have replaced them erupt in parallel with the temporary teeth that have not fallen out. It was this position, outwardly similar to the three-row jaws of a shark, that gave rise to such a figurative name for the incorrect flow of replacement.

Timely provision of dental care in the form of removal of delayed primary teeth will help to avoid the manifestation of unaesthetic growth in permanent replacements. If your teeth continue to grow crooked, you will need the help of an orthodontist who will select special apparatus helping to prepare favorable conditions for further proper growth. This device expands the growing jaw, creating enough space for new teeth.

How many baby teeth do children lose?

Resorting to forced removal baby tooth and in a situation of a serious inflammatory process on the gum, at the site of the swaying that began. You will need to see a doctor if the baby is hindered by the mobility of an incisor or canine tooth, causing discomfort and even pain when chewing.

Features of changing molar milk teeth

Due to confusion with concepts and terms, many parents wonder topical issues whether all baby teeth fall out in children. the radicals are changing. Which are chewable and which are not. It should be noted that the word indigenous is not synonymous with the concept permanent. A molar is a tooth that is responsible for chewing movements. These include four milk jugs - the last in a row on both jaws.

When they appear, pain and other negative manifestations. During the change to permanent types of problems, if observed, they are not so acute. Minor pain, local inflammation, and low temperature pass quickly enough.

Factors affecting tooth stability

The stability of permanent teeth required for long-term use depends on a number of factors:

heredity;
conditions for the formation of rudimentary dental tissues;
correct formation of primordia;
inflammatory processes;
dairy workers' injuries;
compliance with hygiene procedures;
complete diet.

Causes of incorrect position of permanent teeth

The sometimes observed crooked arrangement of the growing incisors is explained by the fact that they did not have enough space, since their deciduous predecessors did not part in a timely manner, and there were no gaps between them.

When do baby teeth change to permanent ones?

The reason for the growth of permanent species in a crooked direction can also be bad habits, consisting in the development of constant sucking of a finger, tongue, or any objects. Corrective measures are prescribed only by a specialist, who must be contacted immediately if negative situations are identified.

Sometimes parents have a question - is the 5th tooth milky or permanent, since it appears quite late. You need to understand that the fifth molar in the row is the last milk representative. If redness begins behind it and the gums swell, then these are manifestations of the imminent appearance of the sixth tooth, which will remain there for life, since it is permanent.

Modern dentistry has such an innovative arsenal of techniques that it is able to level out almost all deviations observed when children change teeth. It is important not to miss favorable dates by visiting a medical facility in a timely manner.

Many people think that molars are those that grow to replace milk teeth and form a permanent bite. But that's not true. A molar can be either a baby tooth or a permanent tooth.

Considering molars from a scientific point of view, these are the so-called molars and premolars, located behind the incisors and canines.

Primary molars

Timing of tooth formation, starting from the embryo.

The formation of molars begins in the second half of pregnancy, and has a special influence on it and on the further growth of molars. balanced diet mother, rich in calcium and phosphorus.

Photo of molars

What time do baby teeth appear?

The appearance of baby teeth begins at about six months, but the time of eruption can vary. This is due to a genetic predisposition, that is, if one of the parents began to erupt milk teeth not at 6, but at 7.5 months, then this phenomenon in the child should not be regarded as a pathology.

Growth pattern of baby teeth according to the child’s age.

Complementary feeding is also introduced to the child from 6 months, so that by the time the baby begins to eat solid food, he can grind and grind food with the help of erupted milk teeth.

A complete set of primary teeth is formed at 2 years of age and lasts for approximately 5-8 years.

The lower central incisors emerge first, followed by the upper central and upper lateral incisors. By the age of one year, the lower lateral incisors and upper and lower first molars erupt. Last, at the age of 1.5-2 years, the first canine and second molars appear.

When the first teeth (baby teeth) grow, this process is accompanied by a violation general condition child (the temperature may rise, a slight runny nose and cough, upset stool may appear).

During the teething period, the child is often capricious and sleeps poorly. The gums swell and hurt. These sensations are caused by the child’s desire to put various objects in his mouth and reach into them with his hands. Even though baby teeth will last for several years, this does not mean that they do not require care. Teaching a child to properly care for their teeth from early childhood is the task of any parent.

Baby teeth are also susceptible to caries and gum disease.

Children's milk teeth, as well as permanent ones, need care, and failure to do so can affect the improper formation of permanent ones, and the presence of caries can provoke the eruption of permanent ones that are already affected.

Changing baby teeth to permanent teeth (molars)

The process of replacing teeth with molars is not accompanied by pain.

This is due to the anatomical features of baby teeth:

dissolving roots that diverge over time, which leads to their loss;
small in size, they do not extend much beyond the gums, and the presence of fewer tubercles.

Loss begins with teeth becoming loose and possibly causing slight pain. The loss itself is not accompanied by pain; there is slight bleeding from the tooth socket, which stops within 2 minutes.

The growth of permanent teeth begins with the first molars and ends by age 13, with the exception of the third molars. They grow up to 30 years of age, but they may also not develop at all.

Video

What problems can lead to disruption of the eruption of molars?

In addition to the presence of general dental diseases, such as caries, periodontitis and others, which can affect both milk and permanent molars.

There are also problems with the eruption of molars.

Delayed eruption of molars for several months may indicate the following problems:

. This is the absence of bookmarks and, accordingly, their eruption.

False edentia, or retention- delay in eruption due to a genetic predisposition to late eruption.

Anomalies of the maxillofacial skeleton. Various congenital abnormalities of the jaw can lead to delayed teething or incorrect positioning.

Rickets. Vitamin D deficiency in a child’s body is accompanied not only by late eruption of molars, but also by other anomalies of the facial skeleton, the formation of malocclusion and an elongated palate.

When changing milk teeth to molars, an alarming factor may be the absence of a permanent tooth in the place of the fallen milk tooth.

The reasons for the lack of eruption of permanent molars are various anomalies of the anlage, metabolic disorders in the body and nutritional disorders.

Functions of molars

Each group of teeth has specific function, which consists in their effect on the food consumed:

They bite with the front incisors.
The canines hold food in the mouth and serve to separate fibrous food into its components.
Small and large molars actually serve for grinding and final crushing of food before it enters the next sections of the digestive tract.

Therefore, teething is important not only in proper food consumption, but also affects the formation of health. Insufficient mechanical processing of food can lead to the formation of diseases of the stomach and intestines.

At what age do wisdom teeth grow?

Third molars, or as they are also called wisdom teeth, can cause serious problems.

They erupt for a long time, the process is always accompanied by pain, the inability to chew food, and sometimes just lead a normal life.

Third molars are larger than other molars, so they can lead to cracks in adjacent teeth, the development of periodontitis, and even the loss of large or small molars. And even though wisdom teeth can distort a smile and lead to curvature and loss of teeth, dentists do not recommend removing them, since they retain the entire dentition. Incorrect placement of third molars.

An exception to the rule is the incorrect location of the third molars, when their apex is directed not towards eruption, but towards the jaw, when the tooth “lies” and grows directly in the socket, or when they emerge at an angle directed towards the cheek or the back of the oral cavity .

Then wisdom teeth must be removed before they erupt. The function of holding the dentition is taken over by the second molars, so regular visits to the dentist will ensure the health of the molars and help avoid implantation.

Funny children's poems about turtles

For preschoolers 4-5 years old

D. Room

Ours doesn't turtles
No pants, no shirt.
Everything separately is no reason,
He only wears overalls.

However, it is not simple,
It's a cozy house inside.

I. Nudelman

Here's the senora turtle,
Hides his head in fear.
The postman comes to her - knock-knock-knock:
- Your friend sent you a letter.
The turtle responded:
- I don’t even have a friend.
And the letter and all the newspapers,
You leave it with a neighbor.

V. Bredikhin

Tell us turtle:
Is the shell your home, or your shirt?
If the house is too small,
Where is the hallway, where is the hall?
If it’s still a shirt,
Why are you walking around like a slob?
Look how much dust there is
At least wipe it with a brush.
The turtle answers:
- Every day I tremble with fear,
I can't live from my enemies,
The shell is my body armor.

A. Eroshin

Turtles of all stripes
They don’t invite guests
Because they themselves are in the house
Difficult to fit.
Somehow they will fit in,
Like a foot in a tight shoe,
And four legs
They stick it out the windows.
The head sticks out in the door -
Doesn't fit inside

U. Yavorskaya

Sad turtle be -
Do not invite guests into the house!
And it’s still a terrible pity -
Don't jump rope!
It's the little things! But
Armor - helmet and coat.
Well, if you're lucky,
It might as well pass for a tank!

G. Dyadina

my turtle,
Probably two hundred years -
It will crawl a little
And freezes in place.
It will reach the box
Where are the soft shavings?
And takes a breath away
Just like an old lady.
And if we judge
Over wrinkled skin
Egyptian mummies
She's not younger.
This is how I remember her
From an early age -
I got it
Inherited from my grandfather.

Auntie Au

The poor one doesn't have it Turtles
No pants, no shirt!
Naked, obviously
It's a shame to leave the house!
And she went to tea with friends
Goes right with the house.

O. Kvitash

Turtle Mila
I was in a hurry to visit
Sunday morning
to make it in time for lunch.
We're waiting for the guest
only by lunchtime on Wednesday.
Sweets for Mila
carefully stored;
Take a break from the road
the guest was put to bed.
On the difficult journey back
good elephant Cecy
I ordered it for my girlfriend
kangaroo - taxi.

S. Borodin

Walks in silence turtle.
She is wearing a reliable shirt.
The goat understands - this is a shell
And you can't go to the dance in it,
Or you can only go to the library.
Well, as a last resort - to the pharmacy.
She crawls - where can she go?
You can't go change clothes.
She crawls, barely breathing
And he hurries slowly.

V. Sibirtsev

Everyone is dressed turtles
In uncomfortable shirts!
It's hard in such shirts
Run and jump for turtles.
And yet you have to
They walk at a leisurely pace.
All dressed up as turtles
In very strange shirts:
In them for the little poor things
Not a single pocket is sewn in!
You cannot take it with you on the road.
Nothing! Well, what good are they?
All dressed up as turtles
Into very durable shirts!
Let the shirts be uncomfortable
And the outfit is not at all fashionable,
The turtles know for sure:
Their shirts protect.
If you meet the enemy
Shell is the best home!

A. Noskov

As a gift to me turtle
They brought it on an autumn day.
At this time the turtles
You should sleep deeply.
Barely out of the box
She got out and suddenly,
Raising his neck like a mast,
I looked around.
His eyes blinked sleepily.
Dragging a short tail,
She crawled into the darkness,
Under the sofa. What a cross!
Step, other, front, back,
Again with the front foot,
The heavy shell rumbled
Along the parquet pavement.
Arrived safely
And it died down until spring.
Who said it's boring
Dreaming?

E. Yaryshevskaya

Tie, new shirt...
Dressed up SkullPashka,
I put the handkerchief in my pocket
And I picked a bouquet of daisies.
All week at the ravine
The loving Turtle was waiting.
And the poor fellow sighed heavily:
- Where is this one? ChereMashka?
Apparently he's choosing a dress...
So I'll be waiting for a long time!
If you're very lucky,
He'll be crawling in a month!"

M. Pridvorov

In an adult turtles -
Shirt with squares,
And the turtle -
Just a vest.
But even Vaska with a spoon,
But even Murka is a cat
Neither nose nor paw,
Neither bite nor grab,
Nor pull out
Two turtle girlfriends
They can't.
Well, it’s easy for me!
I'll slowly pour the milk...
They run and knock with their claws
And the necks are pulled towards the saucer.

G. Sivak

Crawled along the highway turtle,
Dreaming of crossing the road,
But it's a pity, there are obstacles on the way...
The tires rustled at the curb,
People were scared as they passed by,
Cars honked,
It's not easy for her to come to her senses...
After all, somewhere in a hole the children are waiting,
They worry, tears are shed.
Then I decided to help her,
Don't wait until it's night...
I silently raised the animal,
And her family met her.

L. Burtan

Swims without fear
sea turtle
Through the endless ocean
Hastens to a distant island.
He will dig a hole in it,
A pile of sand will be poured.
And soon hundreds of babies
They rush from the eggs to the water.
And may their children be small,
And they are dressed in shells.
Beneath them are flippers, a head
They are barely visible in the water.

V. Tkacheva

Look! Turtle!
Like a house, she's wearing a shirt,
Bone, painted
And so cozy!
A hard shirt keeps you warm
And saves the turtle.
If there is an enemy somewhere nearby -
He will hide the body in a hard tailcoat.
There's no way he'll get there
Whoever bites fights.

N. Shemyakina

I wanted turtle
Change your usual home
Grunting, gasping a little,
She threw down her house with difficulty.
He walks and wanders around the apartment,
It's been four hours already.
I found a shawl in the corner made of fluff,
Soft fluff crawled into her ear.
I climbed this way and that
Into an inverted shoe.
Even a porcelain cup
Pull it all the way
But she leaned awkwardly -
The cup shattered.
She got into her mitten,
In a jar, in a box, in a cosmetic bag,
And in the pan, and in the pot,
Even in a trash bag.
She wandered all day
I couldn’t find the right house,
And returned to her native
Durable bone shell.
- Sweet home! Together with you
We've been friends for two hundred years now,
Please forgive me
You couldn't find a better home!

V. Gvozdev

Awkward box
Legs, tail and head,
She crawled closer to me -
Now I see perfectly.
There is a shield on the top of the box -
He will protect anyone.
That's why he knows no fear
A beast with a name, turtle.

R. Zaitseva

Elderly turtle
I drank tea - a cup after a cup -
And sometimes she sighed:
"Life was sweeter before!
Sugar is sweeter and whiter
And the water was wetter!
The dryers were rounder,
Have some fun my girlfriends.
..Yes, I was then
Turtle - anywhere!"

They'll talk about what she does and what she loves.

Once upon a time on some islands
lived Ertel - the great king of turtles!
he ruled a swamp with clear water
with neat duckweed and excellent food.
and all the turtles ate and lived there..
and happy, happy, happy they were.
But somehow it occurred to Ertel...
that the whole kingdom is terribly small.
he said: when I sit on the throne,
I control what I look at!
the swamp is beautiful, but what’s offensive is
From here I can only see the swamp!
And Ertel stands up on his throne,
and Ertel immediately issues an order!
and without a single extra word
The pyramid of devoted servants is ready.
and Ertel climbed up the huge throne
sat down and threw the crown into the air.

In an adult turtle -
Shirt with squares,
And the turtle -
Just a vest.
But even Vaska with a spoon,
But even Murka is a cat
Neither nose nor paw,
Neither bite nor grab,
Nor pull out
Two turtle girlfriends
They can't.
Well, it’s easy for me!
I'll slowly pour the milk...
They run and knock with their claws
And the necks are pulled towards the saucer.

A turtle walked through the forest
And she bit everyone out of fear:
Kus-kus-kus-kus
I'm not afraid of anyone.

Some about a dog, some about a bird, some about a real horse,
And I dreamed of a turtle,
She appeared to me in a dream.
I thought I'd bring it in my briefcase
And this will surprise the whole class,
And everyone will say: at Timothy's
There is a turtle in the briefcase. Class!
The languor of hopeless passion,
The limit of a boy's dream.
In your protective clothing
I still dream about you today,
Your snake head
Mysterious like China...
Reveal your face to me, you rascal,
Like Gyulchatay.

Turtle soup

What is more precious to us than death?
What's cheaper here than life?
Hurry up and finish your turtle soup
And remember - you can't look down

There are people moving around down there
And they drag their everyday life along with them
Nobody knows that they live in paradise
Where the purgatory number is punched on the edge

And the three elephants are tired of standing
They are hungry, they want to sleep
And the debt runs out, the limit is reached
AND fairy forest sealed in granite

Last name of non-lifting slab
Forgotten data with echoing hiccups
From outside to inside with a crimson line
Where the letters form the eternal: Who are you?

You won't forget her wisdom:
“If you walk more quietly, you will continue.”
"Bone" is her shirt,
Crawling without fear... TURTLE

Costume for turtle

In the distant desert
lived the Turtle.
There was a turtle
big slob:

walked around in clothes
crumpled and torn,
without using
no toilet
no bathroom.

Although I changed it often
Turtle outfit,
but was quickly torn
behind the shirt is the shirt.

When is it the case
I'm completely tired
took the turtle
and put on the armor.

Since then
just crawling
with a gloomy look.

And the shell serves her
reliable suit:

doesn't wrinkle,
doesn't tear,
always on the spot -
for a hundred years...
or even two hundred!

Tim Sobakin

A turtle wears a shell
Hides his head in fear.

Turtle, not boring,
He sits for an hour with a cup of tea.

Turtle, turtle
Wears a shell like a shirt.
There is nothing stronger.
This is a bulletproof vest.
A sharp horn does not penetrate,
A sharp tooth does not gnaw through
And you can’t break it with a hoof.
It is very convenient to live there.

It's a long walk to the swamp, It's not easy to walk to the swamp.
“Here is a stone lying by the road. Let’s sit down and stretch our legs.”
And the frogs put a bundle on the stone. “It would be nice to lie down on a rock for an hour!”
Suddenly a stone jumped to their feet and grabbed them by the legs.
And they screamed in fear:
“This is HUGE! This is RE! This is PAHA!
This is CHECHERE! DAD! DADDY!”

Let the fish seem to be doing something else...

Even at night a turtle
Will not part with his shirt,
Like behind a stone wall
He sleeps in a bone shirt.
The shirt was not made by a tailor -
Serves as home and protection.

TURTLE
Makes everyone laugh
Because he's in no hurry.
But where
Hurry up
Who is always at home?

Here comes a turtle
The shell is like a hat,
Rows his paws quickly,
It's swimming straight to the shore!
The turtle rarely eats
Not enough food per sitting
The turtle will live
Three hundred years and he will not die!

She won't jump over the bench,
She's not a dog, she's a turtle.
But he can drink a little milk,
Although she is a turtle, not a cat.
Not a skin on her, a bone shirt,
She's not a sheep, she's a turtle
But she is not afraid of shaky water,
Although she is a turtle, not a fish.
When you see her, you will jump with fear!
Quite a terrible looking turtle.
Although for her (this is clear to everyone)
We look pretty terrible too.

They are silent, like those stone turtles, the only living creatures that my father found on Mars.

If you want, throw a bag with a stone turtle, we will get another one later.

E.S. Veltistov, “A Sip of Sun”

He looks like a driven turtle - he can barely catch his breath under the strong shell of the ceiling of his apartment.

But you can’t let him fall asleep right away - otherwise the turtle will die from doing nothing.

E.S. Veltistov, “Nocturne of Emptiness”

In the middle of the circle stood Gromov and Elektronik, and in front of them stood a rabbit, a turtle, a flamingo, a mouse and other animals.

E.S. Veltistov, “Adventures of Electronics. Part 1 - Electronic boy from a suitcase"

If the turtle looks as if through green glasses; a dog, a cow, a horse cannot distinguish any colors; an eagle, an ostrich, an octopus see like a person; The dragonfly divides the world into a blue top and a variegated bottom, and a bee clearly distinguishes the invisible part of the rainbow, then Ressi looked at the world spread out in front of him in a way that was convenient for him.

Birds, lizards, snakes, crocodiles, insects, frogs, turtles - everything woke up at once; The usual time of hunting, songs, and games has arrived.

Friends recalled how cybernetic models that the owner loved to collect were once tested in this office: turtles, foxes, an electronic boy.

E.S. Veltistov, “Adventures of Electronics. Part 2 - Ressi - the elusive friend" J. Verne, “Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. Part 2." J. Verne, “Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. Part 2." J. Verne, “Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. Part 2." J. Verne, “Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. Part 2."

These fish, like turtles, armadillos, sea urchins and crustaceans, are protected by a shell, but not calcareous, not silica, but completely bony, consisting of hexagonal or tetrahedral plates tightly adjacent to each other.

Here in these clear waters, the crabs moved with amazing speed, while sea turtles, such as those found on the Malabar coast, slowly crawled between the rocks.

Among the zoophytes swarming around the sponge thickets, most of all were jellyfish of extremely graceful shape; shellfish were presented different types squid, which, according to d'Orbigny, are characteristic of the waters of the Red Sea; among the reptiles, there were sea turtles, the so-called soup turtles, which brought a tasty and delicate dish to the table.

J. Verne, “Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. Part 1."

Conseil had time to make out a turtle with a shell six feet wide, along which three ridges, or ribs, protruded.

J. Verne, “Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. Part 1."

I regretted that I had not been able to see this reptile, which, according to Conseil, apparently represented rare species turtles.

J. Verne, “Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. Part 1."

In addition, sea turtles are also valuable from an edible point of view, just like ordinary turtles, which are very delicate in taste.

J. Verne, “Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. Part 1."

Hans tries to change direction to avoid the dangerous neighborhood, but notices no less terrible enemies on the other side: sea turtle forty feet wide and sea snake thirty feet long, its enormous head emerging from the waves.

But it seems to me that other animals also appear to take part in the fight: a porpoise, a whale, a lizard, a turtle.

J. Verne, “Journey to the Center of the Earth”

Herbert and Naboo, when they were wandering along the shore two miles from the Granite Palace, were lucky enough to meet a magnificent turtle of the genus Midas, with a beautiful shield-shell, shimmering green.

We will turn the turtle on its back, and it will not be able to escape.

At that moment, only the turtle's head was visible - small, flat, but very wide at the back thanks to the deep temporal cavities hidden under the bony arch.