Akimushkin stories about animals lived a hedgehog. Akimushkin Igor Ivanovich

Igor Ivanovich Akimushkin

Once upon a time there was a bear

A bear cub was born in winter in a den - a warm, cozy hole under an inverted spruce tree. The den was covered on all sides with coniferous branches and moss. The little bear cub was born - the size of a mitten, and weighed only half a kilogram.

This is how the little bear lived: he ate, slept, sucked again, slept again in his mother’s warmth.

He was still completely blind: his eyes opened only a month after birth. When the newborn cub became cold and began to tremble, the mother covered the baby with her front paws and began to breathe hotly on him to warm him up.

Why did you leave it?

And then, so that there is someone to help care for the cubs that will be born in the den in winter. The older bear cub is called a nurse. Because he cares for newborns, nurtures them, like a good nanny.

...Spring is still early - April. There is still a lot of snow in the forest along the spruce forests, pine forests, and gullies. Raw, grainy, lies tightly.

When the mother bear sensed the smells of spring, she broke through the roof of her sleeping hole and climbed out into the light. And after the darkness of the den, the light struck her eyes with extraordinary brightness. With her sensitive nose, the bear sniffed the spirit from the damp earth, from the swollen buds, from the melted snow, from the pine trees that generously exuded resin.

It's time... It's time to leave the winter shelter. It's time to walk through the forest and collect food.

And so she went, collapsing immediately into a snowdrift that the blizzard had blown over the winter near the turnout. The nurse immediately came out of the den behind her, and the little bear cub whined pitifully: he had not overcome the obstacle. Then the pestun returned to the pit and pulled him out by the collar with his teeth.

The spruce forest rustles with needles, the wind rustles in the branches. Our bears got out of the forest and into the black forest. The snow has almost completely melted here. The earth became foggy under the steamy warmth of the sun.

The mother bear was not idle, she was in charge everywhere: she would pull out snags, some stones, turn over slabs. Great power at the beast. The wind fell the tree to the ground, the bear walked around it, sniffed under the trunk what the earth smelled like there. Suddenly she grabbed a pine tree and moved it from its place like a light log. Now the nurse poked his nose into that bed sore and scraped the ground with his claws: maybe there was some small thing alive to eat. An example for the baby! He also began to dig the ground with his new claws.

The bear has lost weight over the winter, is hungry, chews and gnaws everything that is green, that is alive, scurrying around in the spring. The cubs keep up with her and imitate her in everything. Last year's pine nuts and acorns are being collected.

The anthill is a particularly pleasant find. They dug it all up and scattered it far around. The bear licked her paws, and the cubs, looking at her, did the same. Then they shoved their paws into the very vanity of the ants. Instantly the paws turned black from the ants that rushed at them in droves. Here the bears licked the ants off their paws, ate them and reached for a new portion.

They ate a lot of ants, but did not feel full. The bear took the children to the moss swamps to pick cranberries.

The pike went to the floods to spawn, and the bear went there too. She sat down by the water and looked at it. The cubs also lay down nearby and became quiet. How long did they wait - no one watched the clock; But the bear spotted a large fish not far from the shore and suddenly jumped on it with a noisy splash with all four paws, like a fox on a mouse. The pike did not escape from the bear's claws. The loot is important. The whole family feasted.

Again noon approached, and the bears went to bed again. We slept until dawn.

One day, a bear and her children were walking early in the morning, well-fed and happy, and came across a tree broken by a storm, whose trunk was split. The bear stopped near him. She came closer to the trunk, grabbed a chip of wood with her paw, pulled it down and let go. A chip of wood hit the trunk - the trunk rattled and hummed, vibrating. Once again she took the chipped wood to the side and, releasing it, hit the trunk - a rumble went through the forest. This is music for bears. They love her: they bow their heads here and there to one side, listening to how far the loud echo carries across surrounding forests the noise they made.

Bears love different things. For example, throwing stones and snags from a steep slope. And they themselves look down with curiosity at how they roll and what noise it makes.

Summer passed quickly in business and fun. Autumn has begun to threaten with cold. It's time for bears to think about winter. The main thing is to choose a place for the den: remote, difficult to pass. There, usually under the roots of a fallen tree, bears dig a hole. Then the bed is prepared - from moss, from bark torn from trees. Others cover the pit with brushwood, branches, and moss. Such a den, as hunters say, has “sky.” And the hole in such a “sky” - an outlet - is called a “den brow”.

The first thing he remembered was something wet, but warm, licking him. He crawled towards him. The heavy beast that was licking him turned so that the baby was directly in front of the nipple. The little bear clung to the nipple and, smacking with impatience, began to suck the milk. This is how the little bear lived: he ate, slept, sucked again, slept again in his mother’s warmth. He was still completely blind: his eyes opened only a month after birth. When the newborn cub became cold and began to tremble, the mother covered the baby with her front paws and began to breathe hotly on him to warm him up.

Three months passed quickly - spring approached. One day, waking up, the bear cub, to his surprise, discovered another animal in the den, similar to his mother, but smaller than her. It was his older sister. Last summer, the bear drove away all the grown cubs and kept only one with her. The two of them lay down in the den.
Why did you leave it?
And then, so that there is someone to help care for the cubs that will be born in the den in winter. The older bear cub is called a nurse. Because he cares for newborns, nurtures them, like a good nanny.

...Spring is still early - April. There is still a lot of snow in the forest along the spruce forests, pine forests, and gullies. Raw, grainy, lies tightly.
When the mother bear smelled the smells of spring, she broke through the roof of her sleeping hole and climbed out into the light. And after the darkness of the den, the light struck her eyes with extraordinary brightness. With her sensitive nose, the bear sniffed the spirit from the damp earth, from the swollen buds, from the melted snow, from the pine trees that generously exuded resin.
It's time... It's time to leave the winter shelter. It's time to walk through the forest and collect food.
And so she went, collapsing immediately into a snowdrift that the blizzard had blown over the winter near the turnout. The nurse immediately came out of the den behind her, and the little bear cub whined pitifully: he had not overcome the obstacle. Then the pestun returned to the pit and pulled him out by the collar with his teeth.
The spruce forest rustles with needles, the wind rustles in the branches. Our bears got out of the forest and into the black forest. The snow has almost completely melted here. The earth became foggy under the steamy warmth of the sun.
The mother bear was not idle, she was in charge everywhere: she would pull out snags, some stones, turn over slabs. The beast has great strength. The wind fell the tree to the ground, the bear walked around it, sniffed under the trunk what the earth smelled like there. Suddenly she grabbed a pine tree and moved it from its place like a light log. Now the nurse poked his nose into that bed sore and scraped the ground with his claws: maybe there was some small thing alive to eat. An example for the baby! He also began to dig the ground with his new claws.
The bear has lost weight over the winter, is hungry, chews and gnaws everything that is green, that is alive, scurrying around in the spring. The cubs keep up with her and imitate her in everything. Last year's pine nuts and acorns are being collected.

The anthill is a particularly pleasant find. They dug it all up and scattered it far around. The bear licked her paws, and the cubs, looking at her, did the same. Then they shoved their paws into the very vanity of the ants. Instantly, the paws turned black from the Ants, who rushed at them in crowds. Here the bears licked the Ants off their paws, ate them and reached for a new portion.
They ate a lot of Ants, but did not become full. The bear took the children to the moss swamps to pick cranberries.

They walked as usual: the mother was in front, the little bear cub was behind her, and the nurse was behind. The swamps have long since been freed from snow and are red with red berries - last year's cranberries. The mother bear and cubs raked up whole clumps with their paws and put them in their mouths, swallowed the juicy berries and threw away the moss. The sun had already risen high - the mother bear and her cubs went to rest: they climbed into the very thicket of the chapyga. We slept until late in the evening. The dawn was already fading in the west when the mother of her children led her to a field at the edge of the forest: there the winter crops were growing green. They ate this greenery until the morning, grazing like cows in a meadow.
The pike went to the floods to spawn, and the bear went there too. She sat down by the water and looked at it. The cubs also lay down nearby and became quiet. How long did they wait - no one watched the clock; But the bear spotted a large fish not far from the shore and suddenly jumped on it with a noisy splash with all four paws, like a fox on a mouse. The pike did not escape from the bear's claws. The loot is important. The whole family feasted.

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This event was held at a meeting of the ecology circle and was intended for teachers primary school, GPA teachers and others educational institutions. The material is developed in the form of a game in order to increase students’ interest in literary reading. The script is intended for students in grades 2-3.

Target: Introduce the work of I. Akimushkin; through his story to show the diversity of the animal world; emphasize the features of the writer’s style (shows families of animals)

Progress:

Leading: -Throughout For many years, people have been observing animals, trying to unravel their secrets and mysteries, wanting to better understand their way of life and never tire of being surprised. After all, they are so funny, these animals.

“Unfortunately, we all know animals poorly, perhaps worse than even the stars in the sky. There are more than a million species and varieties of animals on earth alone. And they are all different, each with their own habits and ways of living and surviving.” - wrote Igor Ivanovich Akimushkin.

What extraordinary courage must a person have who undertakes to tell about almost every one of a million!

Little Igor spent his childhood at a dacha near Moscow, in nature. He loved to watch insects, small animals, birds and come up with names for them.

He studied in the circle of young biologists at the Moscow Zoo, graduated from the Faculty of Biology of Moscow University, was engaged in research work, and participated in expeditions. And, besides this, he still managed to write more than 60 books.

I. Akimushkin reveals to readers the magnificent world of animals and teaches them to perceive its diversity.

2. Introduction

Guess the riddle: Instead of a fur coat there are only needles.

Wolves are not afraid of him either.

A sharp ball, no legs visible,

Of course his name is... (Hedgehog)

3. Reading I. Akimushkin “Once upon a time there was a hedgehog”

4. Competition "Erudites"

What don't hedgehogs like? (dampness)

What do they love very much? (milk)

Close relatives of hedgehogs from the island of Madagascar (tenrecs)

Crunchy in the mouth of a trampling hedgehog (beetle)

5. Quiz

Who did you meet on the hedgehog's path? (fox, wolf, owl, beetle, grasshoppers, frogs, nightingale)

How many hedgehogs does a hedgehog breed? (two or three, or even ten)

How many types of hedgehogs? (twenty)

Who do hedgehogs destroy? (insects, slugs, mice, lizards, vipers, bird nests, tiny rabbits, frogs, toads)

6. Interesting facts

· The number of needles on a hedgehog’s body is 7-10 thousand, and the needles are renewed - old ones fall out, and new ones grow. It is noted that out of three needles only one changes in a year. The needle grows for a long time - more than a year.

· Hedgehogs communicate by whistling. They grumble when they get angry.

· They hibernate for the winter for 128 days. At this time, hedgehogs are cold-blooded animals, because... body temperature is only 2 degrees. Normal body temperature is 34 degrees (during wakefulness).

· The breathing frequency of hedgehogs during hibernation and wakefulness is different: in hibernation it is 6-8 times per minute, and when awake - 40-50 times.

7. Rereading the story. Insert

Put a "V" (yes) in the margin if what you read matches what you knew or thought you knew;

Put a “+” (plus) in the margin if what you are reading is new to you;

Put “--“ (minus) in the margin if what you read contradicts what you already knew or thought you knew;

Put "?" in the margin if what you are reading is not clear or if you would like more detailed information on the subject.

8. “Six Critical Thinking Hats”

Give six points of view on this story.

“Red hat” is what we feel in relation to the hero, to actions, to nature, etc.

“Yellow Hat” - is responsible for optimism, shows that you can take good things from the work for yourself.

“Green Hat” - gives advice to the hero, the reader

“Black Hat” will find everything that is bad in the actions of the heroes.

"White Hat" - teaches what you should learn from the hero

"Blue Hat" - continuation of the plot

9. Reflection. Sinkwine

Leisurely, fearless

Wandering, hurrying, rustling

Disturber of the pre-dawn peace.

Igor Ivanovich Akimushkin

Once upon a time there lived a beaver

Early spring - April. The ice on the rivers has disappeared, but on the lakes it still floats in the middle of the water surface, porous and wet. At the very dam through which the lake flows spring waters, some strange tubercle rises.

This is a beaver house, and in it - family celebrations: The babies are born! As many as five. They have only just come into the world, but they already see everything around them. Beavers are born sighted, unlike puppies or kittens.

Within a day or two they are crawling out of their relative’s house. They want to see what is going on around them.

Beavers can even swim! They are just crumbs, but they float without freezing in the still cold water. From birth they are covered with thick wool from the cold.

Summer has passed - the beavers have grown up. They learn from their parents the intricacies of the “engineering” science that beavers master.

Writers and zoologists call these rodents “engineers.” And not in vain...

It is customary for beavers to erect complex buildings.

The first “project” is holes. They are dug when the banks of a reservoir are high and steep. Beavers begin to dig a hole under water, and then lead it obliquely upward. It rises above the water level, so that the “bedroom” where the hole ends is always dry. And the bedroom is often so large that two people can easily fit in it.

The second “project” is huts made of branches and silt, which glues them together like good cement. Beaver lodges rise above the water by one and a half to three meters, and their width is up to ten to twelve meters. The entrance is also underwater.

The huts are so strong that even if a moose climbs onto this beaver house, it will not break or collapse.

The third “project” is channels. In the marshy area different sides from the beavers' home, when viewed from above, like rays from the sun on children's drawing, narrow, shallow strips of water disperse. These are waterways. Beavers float tree stumps and branches along them. This is easier than dragging them along the ground in your teeth and paws.

The fourth “project” is dams. You can’t take in the entire building with your eyes. The height of a beaver dam can be more than four meters, and its length can be six hundred meters!

Working together, beavers dump tree trunks, stones, branches, and silt in the middle of the river to form an island. Then, material suitable for a dam is also piled on the sides of the island towards the shores. They braid it with branches, coat it with silt, clay, and prop it up with stakes. They fold and weave... Until they reach the shore. The water goes wide and upward, overflows the edge of the dam, and makes gullies in it. But builders are persistent. They drag, weave, cover up... The water level in front of the dam has already risen, shines with a calm surface, and excess water pours out through a reliable drain built by beavers from branches. The river will no longer wash it away.

Without water, the beaver family will die. Water protects them from enemies. In water they are not so afraid of a wolf, a fox or some other predator. Beavers cannot walk quickly, and any animal can overtake them.

Beavers of the same family are friendly, peaceful, love to have fun and play.

Beavers eat shoots, bark, and leaves. They especially love aspen and willow, marsh grasses - reeds, iris, water lilies. They store branches under water for the winter.

Beavers cut down trees for food and construction. They chew them up. The front teeth - incisors - are powerful: up to twelve centimeters long! Two or three minutes - and the aspen as thick as your arm falls.

But beavers also fell large trees - half a meter thick. This kind of work takes them hours, or even the whole night.

Do beavers need a lot of trees for food and buildings? In the Voronezh Nature Reserve, scientists have calculated that one adult beaver spends so many branches and stumps of trunks per year for its needs that, if you put them in a pile, it would be only two meters high, long and wide. So there is little harm to the forest from beavers. But they are of great benefit! Where there are beavers, the river floods are wide, there is a lot of water and there is no drought. There are many different birds and animals here.

In the Middle Ages in Europe, the beaver was considered a fish. Its meat was a delicacy. Beaver tail was especially appreciated by lovers of delicious food.

The beaver's tail is flat, as if compressed from top to bottom. Such a tail is a good rudder and oar when a beaver swims. The beaver's hind legs also help it swim quickly: they have membranes between their toes, like those of a frog or a duck. And the front paws are without membranes: membranes would prevent the beaver from working. It is difficult to grab a branch with a webbed paw.