The use of chess composition in the preparation of IV-II categories. Chess problems

A chess problem is the position of the pieces on the board, accompanied by a problem that needs to be solved. Such a task can be to obtain a numerical advantage in the game, or to announce checkmate to the opponent in a certain number of game moves, for example, checkmate in 1 move, checkmate in two moves.

Constantly solving chess compositions is necessary to improve the level of your game, developing combinational vision, when you can quickly assess a position and find ways to attack or defend, checkmate and win. To successfully develop your abilities, it is enough to devote 30-40 minutes a day to solving tactical tasks.

On our website, tasks are divided into difficulty levels based on the number of moves, how many pieces are on the board. This is the best solution book, you can solve problems, watch video lessons on various topics.

How are problems useful for beginners?

Regular exercises in solving chess studies perfectly develop the intellect, and at any age. Even simple tasks contribute with answers:

Chess players can quickly find the right move in the game;
Development of logic and thinking, composing interesting combinations;
Ability to find a way out even in a difficult position;
Children develop abilities in mathematics.

The most exciting tasks are those that involve checkmate in 1 move; white or black pieces start. Checkmate in two moves is already aerobatics, allowing you to move on to learning full game in chess to participate in competitions and tournaments. It is recommended to start them after successfully mastering simpler chess puzzles and rules.

Until recently, meager collections of problems were on the shelves of bookstores, but now the Internet and interactive online chess problems for beginners with answers and solutions provide enormous opportunities, some of them were developed by the authors specifically for preschool and school age. Allows you to play online, analyze game miniatures, and complex puzzles. There are variants of problem books for adults with different levels preparation.

Solving chess problems for free on websites can teach you how to play chess almost “from scratch,” like a coach, such Internet resources as Chessday, Chesfield. The rating and activity of the chess player are considered. Properly selected materials.

Rating: / 13

Publication date

In this article, I invite you to get acquainted with several famous and very beautiful chess studies. Etudes are called an invented position in which one of the parties needs to achieve a win or a draw. The most interesting thing about sketches is that to achieve the goal you need to use original idea. In each original sketch it is different and very often completely different from the others. Solving sketches perfectly develops imagination and accurate calculation of options.

First, let's look at probably the most famous etude that every chess player should know. This study was created by the Czech grandmaster Richard Reti. This position really amazes everyone who is first introduced to it. It seems that nothing can save White here, because his king is far from the black pawn's square, and the black king will easily stop the white pawn. But the incredible becomes obvious!

A very bright and colorful sketch. After Reti came up with it, a large number of related studies on a similar idea appeared. The most striking of them can be considered the Study of the Sarychev brothers, since although the idea of Reti is present in it, it is modified, plus there is also a very interesting backstory! Black has an extra piece compared to the previous position and only one pawn. If Black loses it, he won't be able to win. White's task is to destroy the black pawn. You can't just eliminate it! To solve this position you need to use considerable imagination and ingenuity!

The Sarychev brothers are not the only etudist brothers. The Platonov brothers are also very famous. Let's look at their most beautiful sketch. He is famous not only for his beautiful idea, but also because it was decided by Ilyich Lenin himself! Black stands very solidly, but it turns out that White must win...

The sketches on the theme of stalemate are very beautiful. Especially those in which the party misleads itself. In Kasparian's next sketch, White does just that.

Troitsky has a very beautiful sketch on the topic of stalemate.

This is a beautiful sketch, but not the most famous by Troitsky. His most famous checkmate is with the help of a king and a lone bishop. “Mat of the Trinity” - that’s what it’s called in the composition.

I can’t ignore another beautiful sketch by Troitsky with a vivid illustration of a “good” knight against a “bad” bishop. The most impressive thing is that there are only one more pawn on the board, which essentially do not play a special role other than constraining Black’s bishop. Plus, the game ends in checkmate thanks to the beautiful maneuvers of the knight!

As you can see, the sketches are very colorful and interesting. You will experience a special aesthetic pleasure by solving them. They will also help you a lot when playing at the chessboard!

This problem was compiled in 1907 by Konstantin Gavrilov. It should be noted that he was an excellent chess composer of those times, who composed excellent two-moves. We propose to solve one of these for you too. White starts and checkmates.

We hope everyone great mood- our compatriots make us happy great game! “Gold” and “Silver” at the World Team Championship, and Nikita Vitiugov also showed good game. We are very happy for everyone! In the meantime, let's solve this sketch. White starts, as already stated in the condition, and wins.

Chess problems online

Our site is unique in its kind because it provides our users with the opportunity to solve chess problems online. Users have a choice of tasks:

checkmate in 1 move
checkmate in 2 moves
checkmate in 3 moves
checkmate in 4 moves
checkmate in 5 moves
winnings

Choose and solve problems depending on your level of play. For beginner chess players, one- and two-move problems are suitable, and for professionals, 7-move checkmate and positional problems are suitable.
In addition, our users have a number of privileges. You can write to us by email and ask us to supplement this or that section of tasks. We will try to do this as quickly as possible, literally within a few days, and sometimes the next day, depending on the load of requests.
Problem solving is very good way increasing the level of a chess player's play. Those who are just starting to enter this game will learn new positions, and as a result will be able to apply them in serious games. And chess players are more high level, can hone and improve the level of their game by repeating and sometimes learning new positions.
Chess problems not only stimulate interest in playing chess, but also develop logical thinking, which is important for the development of the child in principle.
. For example, you can prepare interesting tasks for the next lesson with a student, take some positions from our website. In the end, you can even solve this or that problem with your student directly on our portal.
I won't tell you much about myself, but at the moment I am teaching a student who is 5 years old. From the very beginning of our studies, he had the third category. I don't work with him very much for a long time, and using a special technique, which includes solving chess problems at every lesson. I noticed that no other chess tasks attract him as much as chess problems. He always treats their solutions with joy, and always waits for the time when we will begin to solve them. A week ago he competed in a tournament and fulfilled the second-class standard. I am sure this is primarily due to the fact that he solved chess problems. Coaches can take note of this.

By chess composition we mean the form human activity, which arose from chess, the result of which is a certain chess position with a task and a solution. These chess positions satisfy a number of criteria, namely:

The position must be legal (that is, there is a sequence of moves that lead to the given position from the initial position);
The position must be economical (that is, there must be no pieces not involved in the solution);
The task must be performed in a unique way (requirement of unique solution);
The solution must express some idea;
The solution must be beautiful.

The last point of the requirement is the most abstract, but a chess game is also assessed by the same criterion.

The chess composition is divided into two large groups– chess problems (positions requiring checkmate in a certain number of moves) and chess studies (positions for a win or a draw). Features of the requirements for tasks and studies make them the ideal remedy training of chess players. The chess composition is used in following cases:

Checkmate training
Demonstration of the simplest combination motifs
Demonstration of typical combinations
Calculation of options
Development of combination vision
Training in correct position assessment
Studying the endgame

At the initial stage of training chess players, coaches prefer to give students tasks - this teaches students to see and checkmate. Small-figure problems are preferred due to the ease of the position. Usually, mate problems are offered in 2 moves. When the need arises to demonstrate some typical chess checkmate techniques, they offer problems with a large number figures. (see diagrams 1-8)

When the student acquires some skills in checkmate, the stage of development of combination vision begins. Combination vision must be developed at all stages of learning. Often combinational vision comes down to recognizing familiar or similar positions, which allows you to quickly calculate options. It is easiest to identify a familiar position pattern when the student perceives only the figures involved in the combination.

D.1 checkmate in 2 moves	D.2 checkmate in 2 moves
D.3 checkmate in 2 moves	D.4 checkmate in 2 moves
D.5 checkmate in 3 moves	D.6 checkmate in 4 moves
D.7 checkmate in 7 moves	D.8 checkmate in 12 moves

The simplest sketches demonstrating typical tactical techniques

In this case, the student is given tasks with a short solution, in which the demonstrated idea is clearly expressed. Typically, studies with a short but memorable solution show the tactical ideas on which the combinations are based. The effectiveness of using a chess composition in this case is determined by the requirements for it, namely: it represents a certain chess idea in an artistic and economical form. This allows the student to not be distracted when familiarizing himself with the idea.

In Diagram 9, Black carries out a distraction, but in response White carries out a combination of attracting + dumping material. In Diagram 10, attraction with the goal of winning a piece (or a profitable exchange) is implemented. Diagram 11 – line/field clearing. Diagram 12 shows the overlap.

	D.10 win
D.11 win	D.12 win

Studies for developing counting

When developing a chess player’s calculation of options, the coach selects tasks with a long but forced solution, or with a solution in which the side options are very short (do not exceed, for example, 3 moves - depending on the level of the chess player).

Chart 13 shows an example of a long forced variation. However, we should not forget that the opponent has quiet intermediate moves, which also create a threat. For example, as in diagram 14.

D.13 win	D.14 win
D.15 win	D.16 win

Endgame studies to demonstrate the laws of chess

Special group etudes – so-called endgame (analytical) studies. Studying these etudes forms a chess player’s base of so-called “precise positions.” These studies help to evaluate the correct endings, and also indicate the strategies that must be followed to achieve the goal. Such studies are often not recommended to be solved, but are required to be played so that the chess player becomes familiar with the idea of the study and remembers it. It should be noted that endgame studies regulate not only general principles playing out endings, but also showing “exceptions” to the rules. The coach must select tasks that demonstrate typical endgame techniques, “precise” positions (as defined by Mark Dvoretsky), and also demonstrate ways to combat these techniques, depending on the characteristics of the position.

D.17 win	D.18 win
D.19 draw	D.20 draw

Diagrams 17-20 show some typical techniques found in pawn endgames.

Studies with position assessment

One of the most important stages in the development of the student is learning to correctly assess a position. The ability to correctly evaluate a position significantly influences the choice of candidate moves, and, as a result, reduces the tree of options. In this case, any studies are suitable, but for beginning chess players it is recommended to select tasks with clearly visible weaknesses of the parties.

D.21 evaluate the position

D.22 evaluate the position

On the benefits of knowledge of chess composition topics

Chess composition has made great strides in the field of alternating tactical moments and building combinations from them. Therefore, it makes sense for chess players to familiarize themselves with these ideas in order to apply these ideas in the future. For example, the strategic school in composition works with combinations of tactical moments: blocking, overlap, distractions, etc.

You also need to pay attention to the theme of the logical school, the essence of which is that when some side tries to carry out a plan, the enemy has protection. Then a preliminary plan is carried out to destroy this protection.

D.23 Checkmate in 2 moves. Novotny's theme	D.24 White's move
D.25 Checkmate in 4 moves	D.26 White's move
D.27 win	D.28 Bronstein - Botvinnik, 1951, black to move

Despite the fact that modern problem composition is quite divorced from practice, it can be used in teaching junior grades, and is even recommended. Sketch composition has always been a powerful means of improving chess players at any stage. She was recommended by both the most famous coaches and grandmasters. At one time, grandmaster Lev Polugaevsky said this: “Only after solving 100 studies did I feel ready to fight for the chess crown.”

Conclusions

When summing up the lecture, the following conclusions can be drawn:

Chess composition is useful for teaching chess practitioners, as it offers a wide arsenal of tools that allows you to cover various aspects of chess education. Over the years of development of chess composition, about 70,000 studies and 300,000 problems were compiled. All these studies and problems are available in special databases of studies and problems. The advantage of these databases is that they are well structured - and this allows great success find a suitable example on a topic than when searching for a position from 5 million games. In addition, the theory of the endgame is closely related to the sketch composition - often valuable theoretical research in the field of the endgame was carried out by sketchists - they also compiled sketches demonstrating the results of the research.