Pronunciation of the English letter w. How to read and pronounce English transcription

Letter - letter. Today we will learn how to correctly read the y letter in English. The letter Yy can be either a consonant or a vowel.

If letter Y is the first letter in a syllable that contains some other letters except for herself Y- that means consonant. Yes, yeast, yield, yogurt. Anywhere else in the word - vowel. Let's look at cases when it is read as a vowel.

(letter Yy)- vowel letter English language. And like all vowels, it has 4 types of reading. We will also analyze other cases of reading and, if possible, see patterns.

1. y letter in an open syllable. (open syllable) - in an open syllable the letter Yy is read as [ ai]

This means that in any word where after the letter Yy there is a consonant and a vowel (or nothing) the letter Yy is read as [ai]. This is called an open syllable.

In words where there are no other vowels, the letter Yy is read as . The words buy, eye, bye, buy, dye are exceptions.

2. Closed syllable. When there is one or more consonants after it, this means that the letter y is in closed syllable(the syllable ends with a consonant). In a closed syllable y letter read as [i]. There are few words where Yy is in a closed syllable. In the most popular programs For 2nd grade English, I found only 3 such words.

3. Letter y in unstressed syllable at the end of a word of 2 or 3 syllables reads like[ɪ]

Such words are most common in the English language.

Family y[ˈfæməl i]- family	Pon y[ˈpəʊn i] - pony	Monke y[ ˈmʌŋk i] - monkey
Grann y[ˈɡræni] - granny	Man y[ˈmeni] - a lot	Ver y[ˈveri] - very
Funn y[ˈfʌni] - funny	Stor y[ˈstɔːri] - story	Volle y ball [ˈvɒlɪbɔːl] - volleyball
Mumm y[ˈmʌmi] - mommy	Histor y[ˈhɪstr̩i] - history	Suddenl y[sʌdn̩li] - suddenly
Dadd y[ˈdædi] - daddy	Fair y tale [ˈfeərɪteɪl] - fairy tale	Clums y[ˈklʌmzi] - clumsy
Hocke y[ˈhɒki] – hockey	Happ y[ˈhæpi] - happy	Mar y[ˈmeəri] – Maria
Hungr y[ˈhʌŋɡri] - hungry	Read y[ˈredi] - ready	Eas y[ˈiːzi] - light
An y[ˈeni] - any	Quickl y[ˈkwɪkli] - quickly	Angr y[ˈæŋɡri] - angry
Merr y[ˈmeri] - cheerful	Ugl y[ˈʌɡli] - ugly	Laz y[ˈleɪzi] – lazy
Sorr y[ˈsɒri] - sorry	Sunn y[ˈsʌni] - sunny	Countr y[ˈkʌntri] - country
Party[ˈpɑːti] - party	Wind y[ˈwɪndi] - windy	Especially [ɪˈspeʃəli] - especially
Craz y[ˈkreɪzi] - crazy	Bod y[ˈbɒdi] - body	Nann y[ˈnæni] - nanny

4.B ukva y at the beginning of a word before a vowel is read as[j]

5. In the letter combination - oy at the end of the word read

If you are just starting to learn English, start learning with the basic topics, which, of course, include English alphabet [ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈalfəbɛt] or the English alphabet. During express training, this topic is often omitted, they say, it will come on its own with time. However, if you do not know the entire list of letters, their pronunciation and writing, nothing will come of your learning process. Therefore, let's look at what the letters of the English alphabet are and how they are used.

But first, let's look at how the English alphabet was formed. It is quite difficult to say exactly when it appeared, but the very first fragments of the English alphabet found date back to the 5th century. Then, to write it, Latin letters were used in combination with runes, and therefore the letters were absolutely not like those used in modern English. Subsequently, however, this alphabet changed, all runes were replaced in Latin letters, the number of which by the 11th century amounted to 23 signs, which were ordered for numerological purposes. After this, the alphabet did not change significantly, but 3 more letters were added to it, which were also used in the creation of the modern alphabet.

English alphabet: composition

It was probably not difficult to calculate how many letters are used in modern English. There are 26 letters in English. They may sound different in different situations, since their pronunciation changes depending on the combinations. In total, there are 44 sounds in the English language. However, each letter has its own standard pronunciation, which is used when learning the alphabet. Are being written english letters not as they are pronounced, and therefore when studying them it is necessary to use transcription in order to avoid further errors. It is also worth noting that each letter of the English alphabet has serial number. Numerology in English, as in Russian, was created solely for convenience and is not of such importance.

List English letters with numbering, transcription and pronunciation
№	Letter	Name	Transcription	Pronunciation
1.	A a	a		Hey
2	B b	bee		bi
3	C c	cee		si
4	D d	dee		di
5	E e	e		And
6	F f	ef		ef
7	G g	gee		ji
8	H h	aitch		HH
9	I i	i		ah
10	Jj	Jay		Jay
11	K k	kay		kay
12	Ll	el		el
13	Mm	em		Em
14	Nn	en	[ɛn]	en
15	O o	o	[əʊ]	oh
16	P p	pee		pi
17	Q q	cue		Cue
18	R r	ar	[ɑː]	A
19	Ss	ess		es
20	T t	tee		you
21	U u	u		yu
22	Vv	vee		vi
23	W w	double-u	[‘dʌbljuː]	double
24	X x	ex		ex
25	Y y	wy		wy
26	Z z	zed		zed

The letter Z in American English is pronounced zee.

Please note that the pronunciation written in Russian letters is approximate. It is impossible to convey the exact English sound using Russian letters. It is indicated here to facilitate learning at the initial stage. However, the transcription option is preferable. If you are not yet very familiar with the sounds, try to listen and imitate native speakers.

English alphabet: frequency of use

All letters in the English alphabet have their own frequency of use. Thus, figures for 2000 show that the most popular letter in the English language is the vowel E. The second most frequently used consonant is the consonant T. It is not so difficult to explain such results. Both of these letters appear in definite article"the", which is the most commonly used word in the English language. The most unpopular is the letter Z, which is known only for zebra, zip and zigzag.

The other letters are arranged as follows:

Letters of English in order of frequency of their use
№	Letter	Frequency (~%)
1.	E	12,7
2.	T	9,1
3.	A	8,2
4.	O	7,5
5.	I	7,0
6.	N	6,8
7.	S	6,3
8.	H	6,1
9.	R	6,0
10.	D	4,3
11.	L	4,0
12.	C	2,8
13.	U	2,8
14.	M	2,4
15.	W	2,4
16.	F	2,2
17.	G	2,0
18.	Y	2,0
19.	P	1,9
20.	B	1,5
21.	V	1,0
22.	K	0,8
23.	J	0,2
24.	X	0,2
25.	Q	0,1
26.	Z	0,1

This numbered list gives an approximate frequency of occurrence of letters, which means that in any given passage, the frequency of letters may vary depending on the words used in it.

English alphabet: vowels

As you may have noticed, there are only 5 in the English language. These are the letters: A, E, I, O, U. Periodically, the letter Y is added to the list, which can convey both consonant and vowel sounds. By the way, regarding sounds: English vowels can change their sound depending on two aspects:

Locations, that is, from adjacent letters
Stressed or unstressed

Let's look at similar changes using the letter A as an example:

Some sounds contain a colon. The fact is that English vowel sounds are divided into short and long. Short ones are usually pronounced, but long ones last 2 or even 3 times longer. It is necessary to know the pronunciation of the letter in a word according to this principle, otherwise you can distort your thought. Examples:

Regarding the characteristics of vowels, we can also add that the letter E at the end is usually not pronounced. For example:

prejudice [ˈprɛdʒʊdɪs] (prejudis)	prejudice
demonstrate [ˈdɛmənstreɪt] (demonstrate)	demonstrate
paradise [ˈparədʌɪs] (paradise)	paradise

In addition, vowel letters can have diphthongs or a combination of two vowel sounds, but in order to avoid too much information, we will consider this issue in a separate topic.

It can be added that vowels, like consonants, do not have diacritics. Such signs include all sorts of dashes, squiggles, wavy lines above and below letters, which are characteristic, for example, of French or Spanish. However, in very rare cases such signs can be used with borrowed words. The most popular among them are:

cafe	cafe
resumé	resume

English alphabet: consonants

The number of consonant letters in the alphabet is 21. Despite the fact that these letters are different from Russian ones, some of them have a similar pronunciation. These include the letters: B, F, G, M, P, S, V, Z. Speaking of similarities with the Russian language, it can also be noted that if English words have a double consonant, it is pronounced with one sound:

In addition to simple letters, English contains digraphs or signs formed using two English letters . These include:

It is worth noting that the letter ch in words borrowed from Greek is pronounced as [k].

The letter ch is also read as the sound [k] in the name Michael, which is very common abroad:

Exception not applicable to the options above:

[ʃ]
champagne [ʃamˈpeɪn] (champagne)	champagne

The combination th is pronounced like “s” and “z” in Russian, only to pronounce them you need to position your tongue correctly. Bite down and then lower it, maintaining the position between your teeth. Now try to pronounce both of these letters.

The digraphs kh and zh are used in English with foreign surnames. Foreign surnames can also often contain the digraph sh, which, however, is also used in ordinary English words Oh.

English alphabet: how to learn

We've sorted out how many letters and how they are used, but how to learn them? IN modern world This issue is quite easy to solve, because there are a lot of materials on learning English in both printed and electronic versions. However, the choice in favor of electronic material in the case of studying the alphabet will, perhaps, be more correct.

Firstly, the English alphabet is something that one learns very quickly. Once you have mastered it, you will not have to return to this topic again and again, which means that the purchased alphabet books will lie idle on the very top shelves.

Secondly, on the Internet you can find the greatest variety of programs, videos, songs that will help you learn the alphabet in the fastest possible time. short term. Use only one method or combine several at once: hum songs, write each letter on a piece of paper, memorize the sequence of letters in English and the words in which they are used.

That's it. As you can see, there is nothing wrong with the English language. The only thing you may need when studying it is a little patience, seasoned with motivation. Don't think of language as overwhelming, but instead enjoy it.

The letter j when reading the alphabet, some abbreviations (in the case when the abbreviation is read by alphabetical name initial letters) should be pronounced as ( Jay)

If j is used as a transcription sign then [ j ] pronounced as very short [ ɪ ] . For example:

year - [ ˈjiə ]- year
yacht - [ jɒt ]- yacht

Diphthongs "on the contrary"

Although in classical phonetics the sound combinations [ j ] with other vowels are not considered diphthongs; the pronunciation of such combinations of sounds is similar to the pronunciation of diphthongs, only the main sound in them is in second place. The main sound can be either short or long, for example [ je ], [ju: ].

The sounds in such combinations, as in diphthongs, are unequal. The first sound sounds weak and short, and the second (main) sounds longer and stronger. Sound [ j ] pronounced very very short [ ɪ ] .

So, the combination [ je ] could be depicted as follows: [ j e] . Both sounds are pronounced together, without a pause. Yes, the sound [ je ] similar to Russian sound ( e) at the beginning of the words if, ate, and the sound [ ju: ] similar to the sound ( yu) at the beginning of the words spinning top, skirt.

In addition, the sound [ j ] can be combined with diphthongs [ ɪə ] , [ʊə ] And [ u:ə ], forming combinations [ jɪə] ], [jʊə ] And [ ju:ə ]. Oddly enough, but [ j ] refers to consonant sounds, therefore nouns starting with this sound attach the indefinite article a, not an. For example: a year, a yacht.

When you start learning English, the first thing you encounter is English alphabet (alphabet |ˈalfəbɛt |). Writing English letters is not something completely new even at the very initial stage of learning, because any modern man encounters English letters on computer and telephone keyboards every day. Yes, and English words are found at every step: in advertising, on the labels of various products, in store windows.

But even though the letters seem familiar, their correct pronunciation in English is sometimes difficult even for those who speak English quite well. Everyone is familiar with the situation when you need to spell an English word - for example, dictate an address email or the name of the site. This is where the wonderful names begin - i - “like a stick with a dot”, s - “like a dollar”, q - “where is the Russian th”.

English alphabet with pronunciation in Russian, transcription and voice acting

The English alphabet with Russian pronunciation is intended only for beginners. In the future, when you become familiar with the rules of reading English and learn new words, you will need to study transcription. It is used in all dictionaries, and if you know it, it will once and for all remove the problem of correct pronunciation of new words for you. We advise you to compare the transcription icons in square brackets with the Russian equivalent at this stage. Perhaps, from these short examples, you will remember some of the relationships between English and Russian sounds.

Below is a table showing the English alphabet with transcription and Russian pronunciation.

← Move the table to the left to view in full

Letter	Transcription	Russian pronunciation	Listen	Add. information

If you want to listen to the entire alphabet, please!

English alphabet cards

Cards of the English alphabet are very effective in learning it. Bright and large letters will be easier to remember. See for yourself:

Features of some letters of the English alphabet.

In the English alphabet 26 letters: 20 consonants and 6 vowels.

The vowels are A, E, I, O, U, Y.

There are several letters in the English language that we want to pay attention to special attention, since they have certain features that need to be taken into account when learning the alphabet.

The letter Y in English can be read as a vowel or as a consonant. For example, in the word “yes” it is a consonant sound [j], and in the word “many” it is a vowel sound [i] (and).
Consonant letters in words, as a rule, convey only one sound. The letter X is an exception. It is transmitted by two sounds at once - [ks] (ks).
The letter Z in the alphabet is read differently in the British and American versions (as you probably already noticed in the table). The British version is (zed), the American version is (zi).
The pronunciation of the letter R is also different. The British version is (a), the American version is (ar).

To make sure that you pronounce English letters correctly, we recommend not only looking at them and reading them (using transcription or the Russian version), but also listening. To do this, we advise you to find and listen to ABC-song. This song is usually used when teaching children the alphabet, but it can also be useful for adults. ABC song is very popular in teaching and comes in various variations. If you sing it with the announcer several times, you can not only check the correct pronunciation of the letters, but also easily remember the alphabet along with the melody.

A few words about spelling

So, we have learned the English alphabet. We know how to pronounce English letters individually. But moving on to the reading rules, you will immediately see that many letters in different combinations are read completely differently. A reasonable question arises - as the cat Matroskin would say - what is the benefit of memorizing the alphabet? In fact, there are practical benefits.

The point here is not the ability to recite the alphabet from beginning to end, but the ability to easily spell any English word. This skill is necessary when you need to take dictation english names. If you need English for work, this skill can be very useful, since English names, even those that sound the same, can be written in several ways. For example, Ashley or Ashlee, Mila and Milla, not to mention last names. Therefore, for the British and Americans themselves, it is considered absolutely natural to ask to spell a name if you need to write it down (spell it) - hence the word spelling (spelling), which you can see in various tutorials.

Online exercises for learning the alphabet

Choose the letter that goes

Complete the letter with which the word begins.

Complete the letter that ends the word.

Decipher the code and write down the secret message in letters. The number corresponds to the order of the letters in the alphabet.

Well, the final, interactive exercise “Dictation”, you can follow this link.

You can apply the acquired knowledge in practice with the help. With the help of unique exercises, even at the most basic level, you will be able to master not only reading, but also writing English words, as well as learn basic grammatical rules and continue learning further.

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