The weight of the king of the bell. Tsar Bell: photo and description of a monument of Russian foundry art of the 18th century

In the Moscow Kremlin, at the foot of Russia's (once) tallest bell tower, stands the world's largest bell. Because of the Russian love for everything big and majestic, popular rumor decided that they named it the Tsar Bell for its colossal size. Indeed: the mass of the bell is about 202 tons (!), the tongue of the bell weighs 5 tons. The height is 6 m 60 cm, and the diameter of the “skirt”, i.e. the lower, wide part of the bell is 6 m 14 cm. At the end of the twentieth century, there was still a legend in the provinces that inside the Tsar Bell a carriage drawn by three horses could ride in a circle. In fact, the name of the bell has nothing to do with its size. It appeared only 100 years after casting. However, let's talk about everything in order.

Russian sovereigns always sought to have the largest and heaviest bell cast during their reign. The reason for this is not the sovereign’s vanity or the desire to become famous, but, on the contrary, the faith of Christ and fear of God. After all, the lower the sound made by the bell, the more like prayers those who are lifted up under him will reach the Lord. And the tonality of the bell ringing directly depends on the mass of the bell. Sovereign Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, who received the nickname “The Quietest” in Russian history, was a very pious ruler.

It was during his reign in 1654 that the largest bell at that time, weighing 127 tons, was cast. However, only 20 years later it was possible to lift it and install it on a special extension to the Assumption Belfry.

In 1701, during a fire, the bell fell from the belfry and broke. As you know, the son of Alexei Mikhailovich, Tsar Pyotr Alekseevich, was more interested in cannons than bells. We will also remember the legends telling about Peter and his attitude towards bells, but now let’s return to historical facts. 8 years after the death of Peter the Great, his niece Anna Ioannovna ordered the broken bell from the time of Alexei Mikhailovich to be rebuilt with the addition of weight up to 160 tons.

By decree of the empress, foreign masters were invited for this work, but the Russian master Ivan Motorin and his son Mikhail volunteered to surpass this weight.

Casting work was carried out for about 3 years from 1733 to 1735. The place for the casting was found in the courtyard of the Kremlin, between the Chudov Monastery and the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, approximately in the place where it is now pedestrian crossing from the Tsar Bell to the Kremlin garden. More than 100 craftsmen were involved in the work: stove makers, masons, carpenters, blacksmiths and their assistants. An entire metallurgical plant with four smelting furnaces was built around the pit for installing the mold (10 meters deep). The first attempt was unsuccessful. Work was resumed a year later, Ivan Motorin had already died by that time, and the work was completed by his son, Mikhail. The second melting took place in front of a large crowd of people; it was an amazing school of skill. About 400 firefighters were constantly nearby, ready to immediately fight the fire. The casting took three days and three nights and was a complete success.

After the work was completed, the bell could not be lifted from the foundry pit, and in May 1737, a devastating fire occurred in the Kremlin, known as the Trinity Fire. “Moscow wife” Maria Mikhailova, on the day of Holy Pentecost, lit a candle in front of the image and left. Almost all the wooden buildings of the Kremlin burned down from this candle. During a fire, to prevent the bell from melting, water was poured over it. Due to the temperature difference during heating from the flame and cooling from the water, 11 cracks formed in the body of the bell.

In addition, a piece weighing 11.5 tons broke off from the bell.

The damaged bell remained in the pit for as long as 100 years. During this time, a legend appeared that connected the broken Tsar Bell with the heavy hand and harsh disposition of Sovereign Peter Alekseevich.

According to legend, Peter, returning to Moscow after the Poltava Victoria, ordered all bells to be rung. The Tsar Bell was the only one of all that did not ring, no matter how hard the bell ringers tried to shake its tongue. The angry king sent an entire company of guards to help them, but the tongue of the bell broke off without ringing. “He was more stubborn than the tsar,” people said. The tsar had a club in his hands, which he took from the Swedish king Charles XII near Poltava. Peter in anger hit the Tsar Bell with his club: “Here’s to you for not wanting to notify the people about my victory!” A piece of the bell broke off from the blow, and the bell itself began to hum and sank into the ground.

They say that the bell was silent in revenge for its brothers, who were poured into cannons by order of the king.

There is another not very censored legend about Peter’s order, according to which the bells were stripped and poured into cannons. Upon completion Northern War The clergy, led by the metropolitans, turned to Peter with a request to return to them the bell copper seized for military needs. Peter in anger imposed the following resolution on their petition: “Get x...!” After Peter’s death in 1725, the clergy again submitted a petition to his wife, Empress Catherine I. The Empress demanded from the archives a paper with the decision of her august husband. Having read the petition and the resolution imposed on it, the empress answered the hierarchs with a sweet smile: “Alas, I cannot give even that!”

Let us return, however, to the history of the Tsar Bell. The broken bell lay in a foundry pit at the foot of Ivan the Great for 100 years (well, maybe 99 🙂) Only in 1836, the French engineer and architect Auguste Montferrand, author of the famous St. Isaac's Cathedral and Alexander Column in St. Petersburg, developed and implemented a lifting project bells According to Montferrand's drawings, several hundred soldiers (700?) with the help of 16 gates began raising the bell. The first attempt was unsuccessful - the bell dragged along the iron grate on which it rested in the foundry pit. Several ropes broke and the ascent had to be stopped. On July 23, 1836, a second attempt was made to raise the bell. The ropes were replaced, the number of gates was increased to 20. This time the operation was successful. Raising the bell took only 42 minutes. According to Montferrand's design, the bell was installed on a pedestal trimmed with white stone. On the pedestal there is a memorial plaque with the following text: “This bell was cast in 1733 by order of the EMPRESS Anna Ioannovna. He remained in the land for one hundred and three years and by the will of the most pious GOVERNOR EMPEROR Nicholas I was installed on the 4th day of August 1836.”

Montferrand crowned the bell with an orb - a symbol royal power. Thanks to this power (and not at all because of its size), the bell received its nickname “Tsar Bell”.

Of course, the Tsar Bell, like the Tsar Cannon, serve as symbols of the Russian State. It is no coincidence that Bolshevik provocateurs tried in every possible way to downplay their significance. After the installation of a scandalous monument to the emperor in St. Petersburg in 1909 Alexander III the following derogatory ditty appeared in the work of Paolo Trubetskoy:
Third wild toy
For the Russian slave
There was the Tsar Bell, the Tsar Cannon
And now the Tsar-well!
“The bell is cast from bell bronze - a complex alloy containing 80% copper, 19% tin, 1% silver (about 2 tons!) and 72 kilograms (!) of gold. Noble metals added to the alloy to make the bell's voice clear and pure. This is how they talk about it in the Kremlin.

But bell-making experts claim that there should not be any impurities of even precious metals in the alloy. Any impurity affects the sound, the “voice” of the bell, and significantly worsens it. Therefore, when casting, ancient craftsmen made sure that there were no foreign metals or compounds in the alloy, only copper - 80% and tin - 20%. True, no one managed to hear the voice of the Tsar Bell. Except…

Here begins another, probably the youngest legend about the Tsar Bell. In 1979, a military tank platform and a heavy-duty crane arrived at the Kremlin. The bell... was removed from the pedestal, loaded onto a platform and taken to the Military Engineering Academy. Dzerzhinsky. (I don’t know if the Academy still exists, but if it does, it’s definitely not Dzerzhinsky anymore 🙂). Its specialists carried out the first restoration of the famous Tsar Bell since its casting. This information is completely real, but then unbridled fiction begins :)

According to this latest legend, military engineers managed... to synthesize the sound of the Tsar Bell using a computer. The result was stunning. Firstly, the ringing of the bell would be heard within a radius of 40 km. That is, it could be heard throughout present-day Moscow and a good quarter of the territory of the Moscow region. And if we take into account that in the time of Anna Ioannovna, Moscow only slightly extended beyond the boundaries of the current Garden Ring, then half of the Moscow province would have heard the bell. However, the old Muscovites themselves would not have heard anything, but only experienced a very discomfort: within a radius of approximately 4 km, only infrasonic waves would propagate, turning beyond the Garden Ring into a very low hum, bordering on infrasound.

So, in the Kremlin there is the world's largest bell, which has never rung. Nevertheless, it is an outstanding monument of foundry art, distinguished by its excellent finishing. The body of the bell is decorated with bas-relief images of Alexei Mikhailovich and Anna Ioannovna, a cast cartouche with an inscription telling the story of the creation of the bell. Finally, the Tsar Bell is a signature item. A brand is visible at the bottom of the bell skirt. left by its creators:

Lil this bell is a Russian master
Ivan Fedorov son Motorin with his son
Mikhail Motorin.

Other inscriptions on the bell read: “ Blessed and eternally worthy of the memory of the Great Sovereign, the Tsar and the Grand Duke Alexy Mikhailovich, the autocrat of all Great and Little and White Russia, by command, to the First Council Church of the Most Holy Theotokos, of Her honorable and glorious Assumption, a great bell containing eight thousand pounds of copper was poured, in summer from the creation of the world 7162, from the Nativity of the flesh of God the Word 1654, and from this copper he began to preach the gospel in the year of the universe 7176, the Nativity of Christ 1668 and preached the gospel until the summer of the universe 7208, the Nativity of the Lord 1701, in which the month of June is the 19th day, from The great fire in the Kremlin was damaged until 7239 years from the beginning of the world, and from Christ in the world of Christmas 1731 it remained silent.”

On the other side there is an inscription: “ The Most Blessed and Autocratic Great Empress Anna Ioannovna, Autocrat of all Russia, by command for the glory of God in the Trinity of Her glorified Dormition, this bell was cast from the copper of the former, eight thousand pounds of bell, damaged by fire, with the addition of two thousand pounds of matter, from the creation of the world in 7241, from the Nativity of God the Word in the flesh 1734“.

When preparing the article, I used the book by V.A. Gorokhov “Bells of the Russian Land. From time immemorial to the present day.” M, “Veche”, 2009
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The famous Moscow bell, which is rightfully considered one of the largest in the world, is 282 years old. The Tsar Bell is also famous for never ringing. However, it would not be amiss to note that its creators planned to use the bell for its intended purpose, and this silence was only the result of a coincidence. This silent giant is a unique monument foundry art of the 18th century. The hero of our story can be safely called a real long-liver, with an unenviable and dramatic fate.

The mass of the Tsar Bell is 203 tons. Today it is believed that the Kremlin giant, in terms of weight and size, is second only to the Great Bell of Dhammazedi in Burma, which weighs 94 tons more. However, the largest and most famous Russian bell is located on a pedestal in the very center of the capital - the Moscow Kremlin, but no one has seen the record holder from Burma for a long time. Over time, the story of Shwedagon becomes more and more like a legend.

The fact is that at the beginning of the 17th century, during the internecine wars in Burma, a certain Portuguese adventurer named Felipe de Brito Nicote captured the area where Shwedagon was located. Nikote decided to melt down this cultural monument into cannons and even managed to load it onto rafts for transportation. However, the floating structures could not withstand the load and capsized. It is then located at the place where it sank. Attempts to rise to the surface were unsuccessful.

The history of our Tsar Bell is longer and no less dramatic. It owes its considerable size to Empress Anna Ioannovna, who ordered a new giant to be cast from pieces of an old, broken bell. It just so happened that our record holder from the Moscow Kremlin has an impressive history with a difficult fate.

The pedigree of our most famous bell dates back to the 17th century, when Boris Godunov ordered the casting of the largest bell, which was called the “Tsar Bell”. It weighed 35 tons, but one day the bell was caught in a fire during which it fell and was destroyed when it fell. From its fragments, by order of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, a new bell was cast, which, however, managed to ring only a few times and also broke.

In 1654, from the remains of the former bell, another one was born, already weighing 128 tons, the Great Assumption Tsar Bell. But this work of art, repeating the fate of its predecessors, fell and broke, this happened after a fire in the Kremlin. Thus, we have come to the time that is considered the date of birth of the modern Tsar Bell. According to sad tradition, it was cast in 1730 from what was left of the previous bell.

As for the exact dimensions, the height of the Tsar Bell is 6 meters 24 centimeters, and its diameter is 6 meters 60 centimeters.
During the Trinity Fire in Moscow on May 20, 1737, the fire penetrated the wooden structure above the pit in which the bell was located. Local residents, to prevent the bell from melting from the fire, began to pour water on the hot bell alloy. Such a sharp temperature change could not but affect the integrity of this bulky, but at the same time fragile musical instrument. As a result, ten through cracks formed, as a result of which the bell lost an impressive fragment - a fragment weighing 11.5 tons broke off.

The bell was so damaged that they decided to leave it in the foundry pit, where it remained for almost a hundred years. All finishing work has been stopped. Only in 1836 the bell was raised and installed at the foot of the Ivan the Great bell tower.

Interesting information

Interesting facts about the Tsar Bell:

The Tsar Bell never rang. It is worth noting that a tongue was even cast for him. Although the one on the pedestal belonged to a different bell.
The largest bell of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra has a similar name. Cast in 1748, it weighed 64 tons, but was destroyed in 1930. In the early 2000s, a new “Tsar Bell” weighing 72 tons was installed on the Lavra’s bell tower.
At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the Tsar Bell housed the communications center of the Kremlin regiment. He himself was repainted and camouflaged from air strikes.
General Denikin, during Civil War issued thousand-ruble bills on which the Tsar Bell was depicted. Crimeans nicknamed the depreciated money “bells.”
According to chemical analysis, the Tsar Bell alloy contains 525 kilograms of silver and 72 kilograms of gold.

Attempts were made twice to restore the Tsar Bell, however, in the end they decided to abandon this idea, suggesting that after the soldering process the sound of the bell would not be good enough. In 1936, this example of the achievements of Russian foundry art became an independent monument, which was located on a pedestal in the Moscow Kremlin. This legendary landmark remains there to this day.

Having never called, he amazes tourists with his gigantic size. Located on Ivanovskaya Square, it is a monument to foundry art of the 18th century. It was cast by masters Motorin - Ivan and his son Mikhail. Famous foundry masters cast a dozen cannons, and the bells of their work rang not only in Moscow, but also in St. Petersburg, Kyiv and other Russian cities.

From the history of the Tsar Bell in Moscow

The first Tsar Bell in Moscow, weighing about 40 tons, was cast back in 1600. During a fire in the mid-17th century, it fell from the bell tower and was broken. It was decided to smelt a new, more powerful one. And the new “giant”, installed on the belfry next to the bell tower of Ivan the Great, weighed 130 tons. In 1654, when Christmas was celebrated and all the bells were ringing, it crashed. The newly cast Tsar Bell already weighed more than 160 tons. It was cast by master A. Grigoriev. A strong fire on June 19, 1701 again did not spare the “Tsar”: it fell and also crashed. In 1730, by decree of Empress Anna Ioannovna, it was decided to develop a project for a new bell. Preparatory work took 4 years. On Ivanovskaya Square, next to the bell tower, a form was built in a hole 10 meters deep. Its walls were strengthened with bricks and oak. The bottom was lined with oak piles, on which an iron grating was placed. A mold and casing for casting the giant were installed on it. Four smelting furnaces were built for smelting. The metal of an old bell with the addition of copper was used. The casting work was entrusted to Ivan Motorin. By November 1734, all preparatory work was completed. On November 26, after the service in the Assumption Cathedral, the stoves were flooded. But the casting did not begin, because an accident occurred in two furnaces and copper leaked under the furnaces. As a result, a fire started. Restoration work has begun. And soon in August 1735, Ivan Motorin died. The work was continued by his son Mikhail. On November 25, 1735, the bell was cast within 1 hour and 12 minutes. After it cooled down, minting work began, which continued until the Kremlin fire in May 1737. The people who came running wanted to put out the burning wooden boards and logs above the pit in which the bell was located, since high temperature he could melt. They started pouring water on him. Due to a sharp temperature change, the hot metal began to crack, and a piece weighing 11.5 tons broke off. So, for almost 100 years (from 1735 to 1836) it lay in a foundry pit. After Patriotic War with the French, when they were restoring the Kremlin, the Tsar Bell was installed on a pedestal near the Ivan the Great bell tower as an example of Russian foundry art.

Description of the Tsar Bell

The Tsar Bells in Moscow are the largest metal bell in the world. Its height is 6.24 meters. Diameter - 6.6 meters, weight - almost 200 tons. On it you can see the inscription that it was cast in 1733 by Ivan Motorin and his son Mikhail. In fact, it was cast in 1735 by Mikhail Motorin. The inaccuracy of the inscription suggests that the “giant” was cast according to the original mold. It was raised under the leadership of Augustus Montferrand, the architect of the famous St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg, who has experience working with heavy structures. The people were amazed at the power and beauty of the raised giant. Once it was cleaned and the top was gilded, a silvery gray surface could be seen. Newspapers wrote: “...the images on the bell are quite skillful, the ornaments are elegant.”

The pedestal on which the “giant” was installed was created according to the design of A. Montferrand. The copper orb with a gilded cross at the top was also made according to his design. The full-length image of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in a ceremonial dress with an orb and a scepter in his hands reminds us that under him, in the 17th century, the Tsar Bell, his predecessor, was cast.

Empress Anna Ivanovna is depicted in her coronation dress. It was she who issued the decree on the casting of a new bell. Below the image of Anna Ivanovna there is an inscription in a round medallion: “The Russian master Ivan Fedorov, son Motorin, ran this bell with his son Mikhail Motorin.” You can see Christ and the Mother of God, John the Baptist and Saint Anne, as well as the Apostle Peter.

Between the figures of Anna Ivanovna and Alexei Mikhailovich there are two beautiful figured cartouches, inside of which there are inscriptions about the history of the creation of the bell. Unfortunately, the fire of 1737 prevented the plans from being fully realized. Some minting work remained unfinished. Recently the archives helped restore forgotten name sculptor, author of decor. It was Fedor Medvedev.

The Tsar Bell in Moscow has no analogues in the world. It remains the largest and amazes visitors with its gigantic size and weight

Dear visitors! We draw your attention to some changes in the Museum's operating hours.

In connection with repair and restoration work, visitors enter the Kremlin through the Trinity Gate, exit - through Spassky and Borovitsky. Visitors enter and exit the Armory through the Borovitsky Gate.

From October 1 to May 15 The Moscow Kremlin museums are switching to winter operating hours. The architectural ensemble is open to the public from 10:00 to 17:00. The Armory is open from 10:00 to 18:00. Tickets are sold at the box office from 9:30 to 16:00. Closed on Thursday. Exchange electronic tickets is carried out in accordance with the terms of the User Agreement.

From October 1 to May 15 The exhibition of the Ivan the Great bell tower is closed to the public.

In order to ensure the safety of monuments during unfavorable weather conditions Access to some cathedral museums may be temporarily limited.

We apologize for the inconvenience caused.

Address: Russia, Moscow, Moscow Kremlin
Created date: 1735
Placed on a pedestal: 1836
Coordinates: 55°45"02.9"N 37°37"07.1"E

The Moscow Kremlin is famous for one of its most notable historical landmarks - the Tsar Bell.

Moreover, it amazes not with its sound (the Tsar Bell never rang), but primarily with its own mass and enormous size. Currently, the bell is located on Ivanovskaya Square and everyone can see it. It is reliably known that the Tsar Bell was cast in the 18th century by a family of then-famous foundry masters, the Motorins: father Ivan and son Mikhail.

Of course, the Tsar Bell is their best and most monumental work, but the Motorins cast many other bells and over 10 cannons. And not only for the churches of the Russian capital - bells of their work, for example, can be seen in St. Petersburg and Kyiv.

The history of the creation of the Tsar Bell

The Tsar Bell, which can be seen in Moscow today, is not the first. It turns out there was an earlier version of it. It was cast in 1600 and weighed approximately 40 tons. Unfortunately, in the middle of the 17th century it crashed. Immediately after this sad event, they decided to smelt a new bell, much larger than the previous one. The weight of the new bell was 130 tons, which was installed next to the bell tower of Tsar Ivan the Great. But he was not destined to “live.” Known exact date his fall - it was 1654, Christmas. The bell was damaged during the Christmas bell ringing. But they decided not to stop there either. Turning to professional foundry worker A. Grigoriev, the master was ordered an even larger bell - already weighing 160 tons.

However, it was not destined to ring for a long time - the Grigorievsky bell broke during a severe fire that happened in 1701. And only 30 years later, Empress Anna Ioanovna decided to make another attempt to revive the Tsar Bell. The duration of preparatory work was 4 years.

To cast a new bell on Ivanovskaya Square, a special form in a hole 10 meters deep. The walls of the form were reinforced with bricks and special oak inserts, and an iron grate was placed on the bottom. Oak piles were used as the foundation of this structure. Next, a bell shape was placed in the pit, into which the metal melted in four smelting furnaces was poured. The casting material was made from the remains of the old Tsar Bell, which was broken during a fire. The project was “officially” led and performed by Ivan Motorin. From this moment on, the chronology of the creation of the Tsar Bell is as follows: the preparatory work was completely completed in November 1734. On November 26, a service was held in the Assumption Cathedral, immediately after which the smelting furnaces were flooded.

And now, it would seem, nothing should prevent the casting of a new bell. However, unexpected things happened again. Two furnaces malfunctioned, molten copper began to flow out and it all ended in a big fire. And after some time, Ivan Motorin died...

They decided not to abandon the work they had started, and Ivan Motorin’s son Mikhail took up the next attempt to create the Tsar Bell. 1 hour and 12 minutes is the exact time it took to cast the final version of the Tsar Bell. The exact date of its creation is also known - November 25, 1735. After casting, the bell began to be decorated with chasing. However, fate intervened here too. In May 1737, another fire started in Moscow. As a result, wooden logs and boards that served as a frame for the casing in the casting pit caught fire. The Tsar Bell began to heat up and to prevent it from melting again, it was decided to fill it with water. Naturally, the metal could not withstand such a temperature difference, and a piece broke off from the Tsar Bell. The weight of this piece was 11.5 tons. The most interesting thing is that after the fire no one pulled him out of the foundry pit. And the Tsar Bell lay in it for a long time - almost 100 years.

And only when the Kremlin was restored after the war with Napoleon, in 1836 the Tsar Bell was erected on a special pedestal. This is how you can see him now. Installed near the bell tower of Tsar Ivan the Great, this is truly a masterpiece of the foundry art of Tsarist Russia.

The history of the creation of the last Tsar Bell, which is now accessible to tourists, is inextricably linked with another remarkable person - Augustus Montferrand. August Montferrand gained fame as a great specialist in working with heavy structures weighing several tens of tons after the construction of St. Isaac's Cathedral. By the way, he was its chief architect. It was he who helped organize the raising of the Tsar Bell to its pedestal. By the way, the pedestal itself was also designed by Augustus Montferrand. People of that time were literally stunned when they saw the power and beauty of the raised Tsar Bell! The ornamental decorations were especially well done; this was noted in the newspapers of that time.

The same Augustus Montferrand cast a copper orb with a cross installed at the top of the Tsar Bell. The cross is not gold, as many people think, but just gilded. Nevertheless, this does not make the view of the Tsar Bell any less breathtaking. On the bas-reliefs decorating the Tsar Bell, you can see Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, under whom the previous copy was created, and Empress Anna Ioannovna, the inspiration for the creation of this copy.

After all, it was thanks to her decree that work began on casting a new copper bell. Immediately below the image of Empress Anna Ioanovna there is an inscription informing about the creators of the Tsar Bell - father and son Motorins. They also did not forget about the Christian saints - on the Tsar Bell there are images of Christ with the Mother of God, the Apostle Peter and John the Baptist. However, the fire that happened in 1737 once again did not allow the plan to be completed. It is for this reason that traces of unfinished minting are visible on the Tsar Bell. By the way, another master did the chasing. Only recently was his name established - Fedor Medvedev.

The Legend of the Tsar Bell

There is an incredible legend about the Tsar Bell. According to it, the bell was cast during the time of Peter I (late 17th – early 18th centuries). With the return of the Tsar to Moscow after Battle of Poltava, all the bells rang in honor of the victory. Only one bell did not ring, despite the efforts of the bell ringers to shake up the bell language. In anger, Peter I sent a company of soldiers to help, but they only tore off his tongue, and the Tsar Bell never rang.

People said that the bell is more stubborn than the king. In his hands Peter held the club taken from the Swedish king. Furious that the bell did not want to announce the victory, the king hit it with a club. A piece broke off from the blow, and the Tsar Bell itself sank into the ground with a roar. Old Believers and sectarians believe that on the day of the Last Judgment, the Tsar Bell will rise and begin to ring.

In 1941, the bell housed the communications center of the Kremlin regiment. To prevent the giant from shining and being visible to German bombers, it was specially painted;
Several times conversations began about soldering the bell to use it for its intended purpose. But experts assure that it will not be possible to obtain clear sound;
72 kg of gold and 525 kg of silver were added to the melt. This was supposed to improve the sound;
The Tsar Bell never had a tongue. The tongue next to it was taken from another bell.