Initially, Anna Karenina (1873-1877) was conceived by Tolstoy as a family novel about an unfaithful wife. In the process of work, the idea deepened and expanded. The writer focused not only on family, but also economic, social, public relations. On the pages of the novel a wide panorama of Russian life was recreated. One of the heroes of the work, Levin, said: “Now we have... all this has been turned upside down and is just falling into place.” This formula. I. Belinsky considered it a classic characterization of Russian post-reform development.

Everything has been turned upside down: not only the economy, but also the usual ideas about morality, morality... In this atmosphere of instability, anxiety, self-doubt, distrust of others, and in anticipation of impending catastrophes, Tolstoy’s heroes live. Hence the intensity of their experiences, the emphasized drama of events - despite the fact that the action takes place in peacetime and is confined to the relatively narrow sphere of family relations.

Tolstoy said that in “Anna Karenina” he loved “family thought” (and in “War and Peace” - “people's thought”). However, in his new novel, family thought is linked, although not always explicitly and directly, with folk thought. The problems of family, everyday life, and personal connections are perceived by the writer in close connection with the question of the state of the entire Russian society at a turning point in its history.

The author did not immediately formulate the image of the main character of the novel. In the process of work, Tolstoy consistently elevated Anna's appearance, endowing her not only with remarkable physical beauty, but also with a rich inner world, an extraordinary mind, and the ability for merciless introspection. This is one of the relatively rare cases in Tolstoy’s artistic practice when in the image of the heroine there is no contradiction between appearance and inner essence. The moral purity and moral decency of Anna, who did not want to adapt, deceive herself and others in accordance with the “norms” social life, served main reason her bold decision - to openly leave her unloved husband for Vronsky, which became the source and cause of her sharp conflict with the environment, which takes revenge on Anna precisely for her honesty, independence, and disdain for the hypocritical foundations of a fundamentally false secular society.

In Anna Karenina, Tolstoy avoids clear-cut decisions. In this respect, the new novel differs from War and Peace. There, the author's verdict was usually final; the negative characters were not given in dynamics or evolution. Now Tolstoy’s view is devoid of a certain bias: he knows how to see the truth of his heroine (and instill warm sympathy for her in his readers), but does not exclude Karenin from having his own truth (although this is not so obvious). The polyphony that is usually associated with the name of Dostoevsky is also inherent in Anna Karenina.

Karenin is the embodiment of the St. Petersburg bureaucracy, a dry, callous person, but still a person experiencing grief, suffering, capable of both generosity and cruelty^ Remarkable Soviet artist Nikolai Khmelev, the first performer of the role of Karenin in the famous dramatization, which great success walked on the stage of the Moscow Art Theater in the 930s, he said: “When I put on Karenin’s uniform and when I touched his sideburns with a lifeless hand, they told me with admiration: here, here, you have found the main thing - the personification of bureaucratic Petersburg, so play! I play like this, but there is no happiness in my soul, no creative happiness. To tell you the truth, I am secretly drawn to Karenin’s drama, because there is drama and even tragedy there...”

Alexei Vronsky also has his own drama, who turned out to be worthy of the high feeling that connected him with Anna. Love elevated and ennobled not only her, but also him. And yet Anna was not happy not only in her first family (with Karenin), but also in her second (with Vronsky). The worst thing is happening - the lack of spiritual unity, mutual understanding, the disintegration of human connections. It is difficult to find one specific culprit in this case. The inhumane secular society with its deceitful morality is to blame, the unfair marriage laws are to blame, Karenin and Vronsky are to blame, Anna herself is to blame.

The epigraph to the novel reads: “Vengeance is mine, and I will repay.” There is ongoing debate in the research literature regarding its interpretation. It is assumed that the threat of imminent punishment contained in the epigraph was connected with the original intention of the novel; Perhaps Tolstoy wanted to say that only God has the right to punish a sinner, but not people. But if this is so, the question of Anna’s guilt still remains. Secular society does not have the moral right to judge Anna, but Tolstoy judges her from the heights of that family thought, which he himself considered the main one in the novel.

The writer, who has seemingly done everything to arouse the reader’s fascination with the heroine of the novel, at the same time does not at all perceive her as an ideal. Only at the very beginning of the work “uncontrollable joy and revival” shine on Anna’s face. Then her state of mind (and the further, the stronger) is marked by completely different signs: suspicion, embitterment, despair, jealousy... This corresponds to the system of epithets used by Tolstoy: “the painful color of shame”; “once a proud, now shameful head”; happiness paid for at the “terrible price of shame,” etc.

Anna's rebellion against the false morality of the world turns out to be fruitless. She becomes a victim not only of her conflict with society, but also of what is in her from this very society (“the spirit of lies and deceit”) and with which her own moral feeling cannot be reconciled. The tragic feeling of her guilt does not leave her. Reflecting on her relationship with Vronsky, Anna clearly and frankly formulates the very essence of the contradiction, the tragic insolubility of which predetermines the unbearableness of her situation: “If I could be anything other than a mistress, passionately loving only his caresses; but I cannot and do not want to be anything else.”

The origins of Anna's tragedy lie not only in external obstacles, but also in herself, in the nature of her passion, in the inability to escape reproaches of conscience. The problem central to the novel is examined through the example of several married couples: Anna - Karenin, Dolly - Oblonsky, Kitty - Levin. And in all cases, Tolstoy does not find a positive answer to the questions that constantly concern him, which have not just a narrowly intimate, but also a social significance.

A stable system of mental qualities is called character. These qualities determine the basic style of a person’s behavior and determine his characteristics of interaction with society. The manifestation of a person's character lies in his judgments and actions.
To a greater extent, a person’s character is influenced by the society in which he grows and develops. Life situations change the facets of character, and sometimes affect psychological attitudes. The personality of the main character of L.N. Tolstoy’s novel “Anna Karenina” is very interesting to study from the point of view of clinical psychology.
The heroine’s behavior cannot be called unambiguous. It extends to the difference between truth and pretext. Although the heroine does not hide all the facts of her life, all this is a lie from the first to the last point - a lie generated by the laziness of the mind and the poverty of the people around her.
The portrait of Anna Karenina is composed as a story about one of the charming female images Russian literature. Her clear mind pure heart, kindness and truthfulness attract sympathy for her the best people in the novel.
To create a psychological picture of A. Karenina’s life, it is necessary to analyze the very clear cause-and-effect relationship between her actions and the actions of her husband.
To describe Karenina’s psychological portrait, it is necessary to determine her personality type. The most suitable type for her is the “introvert”. All people belonging to this type pay attention primarily to their inner world and on relationships between people.
Throughout the entire novel, Anna does nothing but commit one stupid thing after another. But she constantly justifies herself and blames others, like a person who denies the opinions and advice of others. Throughout the novel, Karenina’s consciousness begins to split into two, which indicates a deviation in psychological consciousness.
Anna's dual nature shines through already in the role she plays when she first appears in her brother's house, when, with her tact and feminine wisdom, she restores peace in him and at the same time, like an evil seductress, breaks him. romantic love young girl.
It is important to note that psychological duality occurs at the moment when Anna, who with such wisdom and tact reconciled the quarreling spouses, simultaneously brings evil by conquering Vronsky and destroying his engagement to Kitty. There is a psychological breakdown in Karenina’s life, and a revaluation of important moments.
After the murder of a servant, Anna seriously thinks about the meaning of life, she seeks understanding in every person, but cannot find a response in the eyes of loved ones.
To see “beauty” in suicide, and “an insignificant event” in another person’s suicide attempt, this question is interesting to Karenina.
Karenina understands that main truth her life is that she never loved anyone. No Vronsky, no son, no husband, no daughter. She is generally deprived of this feeling - she does not know how to love, and moreover, she does not want to love. And love that is not directed at her is completely annoying.
She cannot watch her calmly, she infuriates her, she is disgusted by her.
The novel draws great attention to Karenina's beauty - openly contrasted with Dolly's ugliness - and this is no coincidence. Her beauty was a bait and at the same time a trap, hiding underneath an insatiable, evil, arrogant manipulator, obsessed with self-pity, the demon of superiority and the thirst for unconditional power over the victim.
Introverts' interest in a subject is deep. People of this type, like Karenina, tend to create and remake objects, raising them.
Actually, superiority over everyone and unconditional power over the victim is Karenina’s only life goal. This is all that interests her and what she truly strives for.
Of course, such a goal gives rise to similar actions, and they, in turn, need justification - and here self-pity becomes Karenina’s assistant...............

List of used literature
1. Ananyev B. G. Man as an object of knowledge. - L., 2014 - 205 p.
2. Vasilyuk F. E. Psychotechnics of experience. - M., 2011. - 801 p.
3. Clinical psychology / Ed. B.D. Karvasarsky. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2012. - 169 p.
4. Sokolova E.T., Nikolaeva V.V. Personality features in borderline disorders and somatic diseases. M., 2015. - 272 p.
5. Tolstoy L.N. “Anna Karenina”, Moscow: Prosv. 2011 – 361 p.
6. The novel “Anna Karenina” [ Electronic resource] - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina

Anna Karenina. Psychological portrait and mistakes

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy is one of the most outstanding Russian writers. He wrote the novels “Anna Karenina”, “War and Peace”, “Resurrection”, autobiographical works “Childhood”, “Adolescence”, “Youth”, “Confession”, the stories “The Death of Ivan Ilyich”, “The Kreutzer Sonata”, “Cossacks” ", dramas "The Living Corpse", "The Power of Darkness". Lev Nikolaevich's books are filmed all over the world. Your creative activity Tolstoy gave birth to an original philosophical movement, the basic principles of which were discovered by him in constant attempts at self-analysis and projection of his own ethical system onto the outside world. Due to this, the books became famous during the author’s lifetime. The relevance of the problems raised by Lev Nikolaevich proves the immortality of his works.

“A perfect work of art will only be one in which the content is significant and new, and its expression is completely beautiful, and the artist’s attitude towards the subject is completely sincere and therefore completely truthful. Such works have always been and will be rare."

The truth without hiding

L. N. Tolstoy was born into a noble family in 1828. He was born in Yasnaya Polyana (Tula province) and became the fourth child in the family. 2 years later his mother died, and 7 years later his father died. The children were taken in by their aunt. Studying was difficult for Tolstoy, and he often received low grades. Unfortunately, Lev Nikolaevich never managed to graduate from the university. He was seriously interested in music and spent a lot of time at the piano. He learned works of great composers such as Schumann, Chopin, Mendelssohn, Bach, Mozart. In addition, he liked to express his thoughts on paper, and he led personal diary. Subsequently, this hobby led to the creation of great novels.

Lev Nikolaevich served in the army as a cadet and took part in the Crimean War. In those years, he wrote a story called “Childhood,” which was published in the Sovremennik magazine. In 1860, the writer began working on his first famous novel, War and Peace. And 13 years later he began creating a second one, no less famous novel, – “Anna Karenina”.

When writing the novel “Anna Karenina,” Lev Nikolaevich invested a lot of personal things in the relationship between Levin and Kitty; Konstantin’s courtship of his beloved girl is reminiscent of the writer’s courtship of his wife.

V. Ya. Lakshin wrote about Lev Nikolaevich: “The first thing Tolstoy learned (or knew how to do from birth?) was to tell himself the truth without concealment. He pursues in himself any shade of falsehood, any hint of insincerity, because without this condition - frankness with himself - there is no point in thinking about becoming better.”

Many of the writer’s heroes are endowed with useful and important human qualities that allow them to work on their character and become better.

In the footsteps of the heroes of the book “Anna Karenina”

Anna Karenina is the main character of the novel of the same name by the great writer. Storyline The work begins with Anna coming to her sister and intending to reconcile her with her husband, who cheated. At the station, Anna meets a charming young man named Vronsky, and this meeting radically changes her life.

At the beginning of the work, a terrible event is described: in front of Anna’s eyes, a caretaker dies under the wheels of a train. Often such fatal events deeply sink into a person’s soul, and they can often be regarded as signs of fate. Anna was no exception.

“It’s a bad omen,” she said.

Such “signs” can have a strong influence on people’s future behavior. Many people take these types of events to heart. They save them in memory, without wanting it, mentally return to them and remember them again and again.

This mental attitude can lead to trouble. It is wiser to focus on the positive aspects and try not to attach importance to the bad events that happen in life. But the main character was too sensitive and emotional to avoid dark thoughts after what she saw.

Fate once again pits Anna against Vronsky, this time at the ball. And the young man, having fallen madly in love with her, decides to follow the heroine wherever she goes. Anna likes Vronsky, his appearance is pleasant to her, she is attracted by his inner world. A gentleman several years younger than her, his attention flatters the main character. The woman does not push him away, despite the fact that she is married. Why is this happening? The fact is that Anna is completely unhappy in her marriage. And if a person does not feel satisfied with his life, then sometimes he is ready to grab any opportunity that can give hope for happiness.

Anna makes an attempt to return to her husband, tries to find something familiar in him, but his every action and every word only irritates the woman. They have a common son, Seryozha, but even for his sake, Anna is not ready to erase Vronsky from her life. She assures herself that this particular person can give her happiness.

Is Anna doing the right thing? She has a family. Alexey Karenin is devotedly faithful to her. Although outwardly he looks somewhat callous, in fact he loves his wife incredibly. He does everything he can for her and his son. But this is not enough for Anna, she wants something completely different. A woman lacks feelings, love passion, and adventure. Alexey lives according to a clear plan, without showing unnecessary emotions. Anna wants to experience life to the fullest, and therefore decides to have an affair with Vronsky. Thus, she hurts not only her husband, but also her beloved son. This act clearly shows the selfishness of the main character. She thinks exclusively about her desires and needs, forgetting about her loved ones who were always nearby.

A year later, Anna decides to confess to her husband that she is unfaithful to him. She hopes that her husband will file for divorce and let her go. But he does not agree, Karenin is ready to turn a blind eye to the betrayal and offers to hide her affair from the light, otherwise the woman will no longer be able to communicate with her son.

Anna is very surprised by her husband's proposal. After all, betrayal is a betrayal and upon learning about it, in most cases, a person will feel anger, resentment, disappointment, despair, and annoyance. Cheating can destroy the fragile trust that binds two people. And without it, marriage will be just a name: when you are happy in public, but in your soul you are alien to each other. However, Alexey loves Anna very much and believes that he made the right decision. In his heart, he hopes that his wife will come to her senses and return, that their marriage can still be saved. This kind of thinking is typical of people who love with all their hearts and are ready to fight for their love. Everyone wants to believe in the best and sometimes people turn a blind eye to the most obvious things.

Anna is angry. Probably, her ego is not able to accept the fact that everything around her is not happening at all as she wanted. But still, the main character agrees to her husband’s proposal. Under her heart she is already carrying a child from Vronsky, and her husband promises to accept him as his own.

What does Vronsky feel? He loves Anna, but marrying her will bring him too many difficulties. He will have to give up his old life, and he will be forced to retire. But he loves regimental life and does not want to say goodbye to it. Therefore, Vronsky, like Anna, silently accepts Alexei’s decision. However, he continues to visit her. The lives of young people are once again filled with lies and deceit.

Can a person be happy if he feels remorse? If he hides from the world and constantly deceives his surroundings? What did Anna experience during meetings with her lover? After all, her happiness was overshadowed by the bitterness of the upcoming separations and constant lies.

Anna's second birth is difficult, and she almost dies. The main character is sure that her torment will soon end. A woman asks her husband for forgiveness. Now it seems to her that he is a wonderful person. Karenin takes care of her and looks after the newborn baby. But Anna understands that she is not worthy of such treatment. After all, she has done a lot of bad things. She drives Vronsky away from her; it is unpleasant for her to see the face of her tempter. Anna is sure that it was he who was responsible for the dramatic changes in her life.

The main character feels that she will soon die. For the first time, she begins to see events from the outside, and not through the prism of her own self. Alexei now appears before her in a different light. He seems to her to be practically a holy man who took her back after a terrible deception. The woman calls him to the bed and says:

“I am still the same... But there is another one in me, I am afraid of her - she fell in love with him, and I wanted to hate you and could not forget about the one who was before. But not me. Now I'm real, all of me. I'm dying now... I need one thing: forgive me, forgive me completely! I’m terrible... I know this can’t be forgiven!.. You’re too good!” .

Anna finds for the first time peace of mind. She is happy that the end of the torment is near.

Before death, many people begin to replay their lives in their heads, remembering life situations and committed actions. And finally, they realize the most important thing: where they acted badly, and where they acted decently. Repentance comes with incredible force, and they are grateful for the enlightenment that comes in their soul.

Anna felt this too. But fate had other plans, and the woman does not die. She recovers and begins to hate her husband again. Anna is no longer affected by his actions. She packs her things and leaves with Vronsky on a trip.

For the first time ever, the main character finally felt boundless happiness. “...The misfortune of her husband gave her too much happiness to repent.” However, her lover begins to yearn for his old life. He tries to do everything so that Anna does not worry, but he himself loses interest in the new and so alien life for him.

A woman notices that she is not accepted in society. She is very worried and takes out her anger on her lover. Anna begins to blame Vronsky for the fact that she is separated from her son. She does not try to hear and understand her beloved. Karenina, as is typical for her, lives only by her feelings and emotions.

“Live alone,” said the sage. This means that decide the issue of your life with yourself, with the God who lives in you, and not according to the advice or judgment of other people.”

Anna is not used to solving problems. It seems to her that everything should be exactly the way she wants it. The main character does not see that she is making mistakes. And therefore I’m not ready to pay for them. Anna is used to blaming only others for all difficulties and troubles. She doesn't think at all that other people have feelings too.

Anna believes that no one loves her and can no longer make her happy. But herself, does she love someone? The woman left her home, hurt her husband, abandoned her beloved son and newborn daughter. All the time while they were suffering, the main character experienced great happiness next to Vronsky. She did not care about the feelings of loved ones, she thought only about herself.

As soon as the first problems appeared in her relationship with Vronsky, Anna again gave up and felt unhappy. She did not try to save their union, to figure out how they should live further. The main character despaired, blaming Vronsky alone for all her troubles.

The environment does not accept Anna. She feels lonely and unnecessary, it’s very difficult for her. The husband refuses to file for divorce, believing that it is a sin. And Vronsky cannot take Anna as his wife.

They often quarrel, the couple's situation becomes more and more complicated every day. Anna sees that she is a burden to her beloved and does not know what to do. Meanwhile, Vronsky decides to go to his mother. Anna follows him, hoping to make peace. But when she gets to the train station, she realizes what she is destined to do and throws herself under the train.

"There! “- she said to herself, looking into the shadow of the carriage, at the sand mixed with coal, with which the sleepers were covered, “there, in the very middle, and I will punish him and get rid of everyone and myself.”

All problems disappear under the wheels of the rushing train. Anna wanted to be happy for a long time. She did not want to fight for her “callous” marriage and did not try to save her relationship with Vronsky. The problems weighed on her too much, and Anna did not want to solve them.

If a woman is happy with Vronsky, then why don’t those around her understand this? Why doesn't her husband agree to the divorce? Why doesn't society accept them? Isn't love the most important thing in life?

Vronsky takes the news of suicide very hard. He believes that he is to blame for everything, repents and decides to volunteer for the war.

Anna, throwing herself under the wheels of the train, deliberately punished Vronsky. She did not think about what would happen to him after her death and what his future fate would be. Probably, when a person commits suicide, he thereby “kills” his loved ones. This happened in the case of Anna. Life became so difficult for Vronsky that he went to seek death in the war.

The book Anna Karenina examines several stories in parallel. If the reader does not become close and understandable to the main character, then he will certainly sympathize with the modest and pure-hearted Levin, who is in love with the wonderful girl Kitty.

“...But what always struck her as a surprise was the expression of her eyes, meek, calm and truthful, and especially her smile, which always transported Levin to a magical world, where he felt touched and softened, just as he could remember himself in the rare days of his early childhood."

But due to her youth and stupidity, Kitty rejects his proposal to marry him. Levin feels pain from the refusal, so he leaves for the village.

Physical pain is treated with medications, but heartache there is no medicine. Levin works constantly and does not allow himself luxury at all. However, he cannot forget Kitty. She sank too deeply into his soul. Fate brings the heroes together again after a few years. They are both happy, it is easy for them to communicate, they understand each other perfectly. And now, finally, they decide to get married.

L.N. Tolstoy clearly shows an example of bright, mutual and sincere love, describing the relationship between Levin and Kitty. Their words are honest, and their actions inspire approval from their readers. Such heroes are always empathized with and rejoice when they find happiness.

Levin and Kitty are also going through difficult times: the death of a loved one, a difficult birth. Konstantin has thoughts of suicide, but he understands that this is not a solution. Only he himself, through his actions, can fill the life of his family with happiness. And for this you need to try, you need to work on it.

Konstantin Levin is a positive hero, he is an example to follow. He teaches the reader to think about what is important. The endless question: “What am I living for?” can be disheartening. But there is no definite answer to it. Reflections on this topic evoke sadness and despair. A person may give up and mistakenly come to the conclusion that there is nothing worthwhile in his life.

But this is not the right path. Questions should not remain unanswered for long; people need certainty in all areas of life. Only a person himself can give significance to his destiny. It is necessary to try to live according to the laws of conscience and follow the path of good.

“Movement towards a virtuous goal is inseparable from self-improvement, and improvement is impossible without the strongest rein of will. The main thing is that you should not feel sorry for yourself, calm down, caress your pride, as is typical for many people.”

Why is the novel called Anna Karenina?

In his work, L.N. Tolstoy paid attention not only to the fate of the main character, but also to Levin’s relationship with Kitty. However, the novel was called Anna Karenina. But why not otherwise?

The actions of one person affect not only his life, but also the destinies of other people. Anna arrived in Moscow and witnessed the accidental death of a man. This terrible event predetermined her future. A few years later, a woman dies in a similar way under the wheels of a train.

But if Anna had not arrived, Vronsky would not have been interested in her. And perhaps he proposed to the lovely Kitty. The same circumstance is also noticed by the main character’s sister, Dolly.

“How happy it was for Kitty that Anna came, and how unlucky for her. “Exactly the opposite,” she added, amazed at her thought. “Back then Anna was so happy, but Kitty considered herself unhappy.”

The title of the book allows you to see some cause-and-effect relationships in the lives of the characters, which the author shows. Among many unrelated events, a thin thread is caught that unites them into a single story. The writer uses a similar technique in the novels “War and Peace” and “Lucky Ticket.” It provides readers with the opportunity to look behind the scenes of the universe and trace the connection between events that is hidden in everyday life.

Anna Karenina is a clear and instructive example of a person who destroys her own happiness through selfishness and the will to self-satisfaction at any cost. The name of the infantile, selfish and proud Anna Karenina in this sense becomes a household name. She is opposed to Levin and that is probably why the book is named after her.

Anna's path, full of loneliness

At the beginning of the novel, cheerful, emotional and capricious Anna appears before us. She is married to Karenin, but does not feel love for him. And that’s why her whole life seems empty to her. The main character is looking not only for happiness, but for understanding. Hoping to get all this, she succumbs to the advances of the charming gentleman Vronsky.

The relationships of young people are shrouded in lies. First they have to lie to Karenin, and then they deceive their surroundings. Anna struggles to be happy and longs for understanding. But everyone rejects her and turns away.

The alienation of society drives the main character to despair. Those around her, looking at her, feel only contempt. With their cold attitude they push the main character towards the abyss. A woman suffers from the fact that she is not understood and her feelings are not accepted. Anna is rejected by high society and does not feel support from her beloved. And that makes her feel completely useless to anyone.

The theme of loneliness permeates the entire novel, from the meeting of Anna and Vronsky to her decision to throw herself under a train. This step ends not only Anna’s painful life, but also her painful love wanderings.

Psychological mistakes of Anna Karenina

The main character is in search of happiness, understanding and love. She does not notice the merits of her husband, and does not realize that the Lord gave her a healthy son. Everything seems wrong to her. Anna feels an emptiness in her life. And therefore, it is no coincidence that she succumbs to Vronsky’s advances; she herself is looking for love adventures. Was the main character trying to save her family? No, she puts her needs above. For a long time, the woman played by the rules of secular society, which she deeply despised. She did not immediately succumb to Vronsky’s advances. She experienced strong feelings in her soul, and in the end she followed their lead.

Having rejected her family, the main character tries to build happiness with Vronsky. But for the sake of love, she breaks family ties. Having betrayed her family, she would hardly have become a good wife to Vronsky and a loving mother to her little daughter. Anna once and for all destroys two important spiritual qualities: maternal love and marital fidelity. Throughout the entire work, the main character thinks only about herself and her feelings. She does not feel sorry for her husband, who is trying very hard to save the family and appears before her as a defenseless, loving person. The woman also forgets about her son. And when he finds himself next to Vronsky, he begins to blame him for the troubles that have befallen them.

Everything is not going the way Anna wanted. She is not ready for difficulties and problem solving. Selfishness destroys her and leads her to the grave. Levin, on the contrary, due to his desire for life, resists all difficulties and creates with his own hands family happiness. The work is in many ways morally instructive. Tolstoy clearly contrasts happiness with unhappiness, which makes the described relationships against each other more contrasting and fascinating.

If Anna Karenina had the opportunity to stop indulging her instincts and change herself, then a way out of her difficult situation would be possible, but she does not even try. Anna is a slave of circumstances, but this is entirely her fault and her choice. Just like death is her choice and an attempt to show that she deserves more (a better fate). She is trying to change circumstances and does not accept the world as it is. This is what children do, and like an arrogant and impudent child, she receives punishment from fate for her arrogant behavior.

If Anna wanted to channel the energy of the “Ego” into a creative channel and remelt the desire for self-destruction, she probably would have found a way in humility or other practices. But then this book would not have existed, and its fate would not have served us as a vivid example of how not to cling to ideas about oneself and the world, to one’s Ego instincts, one’s pride and significance, thereby leading oneself to destruction.

Literature:

1. Tolstoy L.N. What is art? / Collected works in 22 volumes, Volume 15. M, 1983.
2. Lakshin V.Ya. Five great names: articles, studies, essays, M., Sovremennik, 1988, p. 305-307. // http://vikent.ru/enc/3077/
3. Tolstoy L.N. The path of life. M., 1993.a
4. Tolstoy L.N. Anna Karenina. M., 1976.

Editor: Bibikova Anna Aleksandrovna

Read 16995 once

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy is one of the most outstanding Russian writers. He wrote the novels “Anna Karenina”, “War and Peace”, “Resurrection”, autobiographical works “Childhood”, “Adolescence”, “Youth”, “Confession”, the stories “The Death of Ivan Ilyich”, “The Kreutzer Sonata”, “Cossacks” ", dramas "The Living Corpse", "The Power of Darkness". Lev Nikolaevich's books are filmed all over the world. With his creative activity, Tolstoy gave birth to an original philosophical movement, the basic principles of which were discovered by him in constant attempts at self-analysis and projection of his own ethical system onto the outside world. Due to this, the books became famous during the author’s lifetime. The relevance of the problems raised by Lev Nikolaevich proves the immortality of his works.

“A perfect work of art will only be one in which the content is significant and new, and its expression is completely beautiful, and the artist’s attitude towards the subject is completely sincere and therefore completely truthful. Such works have always been and will be rare."

The truth without hiding

L. N. Tolstoy was born into a noble family in 1828. He was born in Yasnaya Polyana (Tula province) and became the fourth child in the family. 2 years later his mother died, and 7 years later his father died. The children were taken in by their aunt. Studying was difficult for Tolstoy, and he often received low grades. Unfortunately, Lev Nikolaevich never managed to graduate from the university. He was seriously interested in music and spent a lot of time at the piano. He learned works of great composers such as Schumann, Chopin, Mendelssohn, Bach, Mozart. In addition, he liked to express his thoughts on paper and kept a personal diary. Subsequently, this hobby led to the creation of great novels.

Lev Nikolaevich served in the army as a cadet and took part in the Crimean War. In those years, he wrote a story called “Childhood,” which was published in the Sovremennik magazine. In 1860, the writer began working on his first famous novel, War and Peace. And 13 years later he began to create a second, no less famous novel, Anna Karenina.

When writing the novel “Anna Karenina,” Lev Nikolaevich invested a lot of personal things in the relationship between Levin and Kitty; Konstantin’s courtship of his beloved girl is reminiscent of the writer’s courtship of his wife.

V. Ya. Lakshin wrote about Lev Nikolaevich: “The first thing Tolstoy learned (or knew how to do from birth?) was to tell himself the truth without concealment. He pursues in himself any shade of falsehood, any hint of insincerity, because without this condition - frankness with himself - there is no point in thinking about becoming better.”

Many of the writer’s heroes are endowed with useful and important human qualities that allow them to work on their character and become better.

In the footsteps of the heroes of the book “Anna Karenina”

Anna Karenina is the main character of the novel of the same name by the great writer. The storyline of the work begins with the fact that Anna comes to her sister and intends to reconcile her with her husband, who cheated. At the station, Anna meets a charming young man named Vronsky, and this meeting radically changes her life.

At the beginning of the work, a terrible event is described: in front of Anna’s eyes, a caretaker dies under the wheels of a train. Often such fatal events deeply sink into a person’s soul, and they can often be regarded as signs of fate. Anna was no exception.

“It’s a bad omen,” she said.

Such “signs” can have a strong influence on people’s future behavior. Many people take these types of events to heart. They save them in memory, without wanting it, mentally return to them and remember them again and again.

This mental attitude can lead to trouble. It is wiser to focus on the positive aspects and try not to attach importance to the bad events that happen in life. But the main character was too sensitive and emotional to avoid dark thoughts after what she saw.

Fate once again pits Anna against Vronsky, this time at the ball. And the young man, having fallen madly in love with her, decides to follow the heroine wherever she goes. Anna likes Vronsky, his appearance is pleasant to her, she is attracted by his inner world. A gentleman several years younger than her, his attention flatters the main character. The woman does not push him away, despite the fact that she is married. Why is this happening? The fact is that Anna is completely unhappy in her marriage. And if a person does not feel satisfied with his life, then sometimes he is ready to grab any opportunity that can give hope for happiness.

Anna makes an attempt to return to her husband, tries to find something familiar in him, but his every action and every word only irritates the woman. They have a common son, Seryozha, but even for his sake, Anna is not ready to erase Vronsky from her life. She assures herself that this particular person can give her happiness.

Is Anna doing the right thing? She has a family. Alexey Karenin is devotedly faithful to her. Although outwardly he looks somewhat callous, in fact he loves his wife incredibly. He does everything he can for her and his son. But this is not enough for Anna, she wants something completely different. A woman lacks feelings, love passion, and adventure. Alexey lives according to a clear plan, without showing unnecessary emotions. Anna wants to experience life to the fullest, and therefore decides to have an affair with Vronsky. Thus, she hurts not only her husband, but also her beloved son. This act clearly shows the selfishness of the main character. She thinks exclusively about her desires and needs, forgetting about her loved ones who were always nearby.

A year later, Anna decides to confess to her husband that she is unfaithful to him. She hopes that her husband will file for divorce and let her go. But he does not agree, Karenin is ready to turn a blind eye to the betrayal and offers to hide her affair from the light, otherwise the woman will no longer be able to communicate with her son.

Anna is very surprised by her husband's proposal. After all, betrayal is a betrayal and upon learning about it, in most cases, a person will feel anger, resentment, disappointment, despair, and annoyance. Cheating can destroy the fragile trust that binds two people. And without it, marriage will be just a name: when you are happy in public, but in your soul you are alien to each other. However, Alexey loves Anna very much and believes that he made the right decision. In his heart, he hopes that his wife will come to her senses and return, that their marriage can still be saved. This kind of thinking is typical of people who love with all their hearts and are ready to fight for their love. Everyone wants to believe in the best and sometimes people turn a blind eye to the most obvious things.

Anna is angry. Probably, her ego is not able to accept the fact that everything around her is not happening at all as she wanted. But still, the main character agrees to her husband’s proposal. Under her heart she is already carrying a child from Vronsky, and her husband promises to accept him as his own.

What does Vronsky feel? He loves Anna, but marrying her will bring him too many difficulties. He will have to give up his old life, and he will be forced to retire. But he loves regimental life and does not want to say goodbye to it. Therefore, Vronsky, like Anna, silently accepts Alexei’s decision. However, he continues to visit her. The lives of young people are once again filled with lies and deceit.

Can a person be happy if he feels remorse? If he hides from the world and constantly deceives his surroundings? What did Anna experience during meetings with her lover? After all, her happiness was overshadowed by the bitterness of the upcoming separations and constant lies.

Anna's second birth is difficult, and she almost dies. The main character is sure that her torment will soon end. A woman asks her husband for forgiveness. Now it seems to her that he is a wonderful person. Karenin takes care of her and looks after the newborn baby. But Anna understands that she is not worthy of such treatment. After all, she has done a lot of bad things. She drives Vronsky away from her; it is unpleasant for her to see the face of her tempter. Anna is sure that it was he who was responsible for the dramatic changes in her life.

The main character feels that she will soon die. For the first time, she begins to see events from the outside, and not through the prism of her own self. Alexei now appears before her in a different light. He seems to her to be practically a holy man who took her back after a terrible deception. The woman calls him to the bed and says:

“I am still the same... But there is another one in me, I am afraid of her - she fell in love with him, and I wanted to hate you and could not forget about the one who was before. But not me. Now I'm real, all of me. I'm dying now... I need one thing: forgive me, forgive me completely! I’m terrible... I know this can’t be forgiven!.. You’re too good!” .

Anna finds peace of mind for the first time. She is happy that the end of the torment is near.

Before death, many people begin to replay their lives in their heads, remembering life situations and committed actions. And finally, they realize the most important thing: where they acted badly, and where they acted decently. Repentance comes with incredible force, and they are grateful for the enlightenment that comes in their soul.

Anna felt this too. But fate had other plans, and the woman does not die. She recovers and begins to hate her husband again. Anna is no longer affected by his actions. She packs her things and leaves with Vronsky on a trip.

For the first time ever, the main character finally felt boundless happiness. “...The misfortune of her husband gave her too much happiness to repent.” However, her lover begins to yearn for his old life. He tries to do everything so that Anna does not worry, but he himself loses interest in the new and so alien life for him.

A woman notices that she is not accepted in society. She is very worried and takes out her anger on her lover. Anna begins to blame Vronsky for the fact that she is separated from her son. She does not try to hear and understand her beloved. Karenina, as is typical for her, lives only by her feelings and emotions.

“Live alone,” said the sage. This means that decide the issue of your life with yourself, with the God who lives in you, and not according to the advice or judgment of other people.”

Anna is not used to solving problems. It seems to her that everything should be exactly the way she wants it. The main character does not see that she is making mistakes. And therefore I’m not ready to pay for them. Anna is used to blaming only others for all difficulties and troubles. She doesn't think at all that other people have feelings too.

Anna believes that no one loves her and can no longer make her happy. But herself, does she love someone? The woman left her home, hurt her husband, abandoned her beloved son and newborn daughter. All the time while they were suffering, the main character experienced great happiness next to Vronsky. She did not care about the feelings of loved ones, she thought only about herself.

As soon as the first problems appeared in her relationship with Vronsky, Anna again gave up and felt unhappy. She did not try to save their union, to figure out how they should live further. The main character despaired, blaming Vronsky alone for all her troubles.

The environment does not accept Anna. She feels lonely and unnecessary, it’s very difficult for her. The husband refuses to file for divorce, believing that it is a sin. And Vronsky cannot take Anna as his wife.

They often quarrel, the couple's situation becomes more and more complicated every day. Anna sees that she is a burden to her beloved and does not know what to do. Meanwhile, Vronsky decides to go to his mother. Anna follows him, hoping to make peace. But when she gets to the train station, she realizes what she is destined to do and throws herself under the train.

"There! “- she said to herself, looking into the shadow of the carriage, at the sand mixed with coal, with which the sleepers were covered, “there, in the very middle, and I will punish him and get rid of everyone and myself.”

All problems disappear under the wheels of the rushing train. Anna wanted to be happy for a long time. She did not want to fight for her “callous” marriage and did not try to save her relationship with Vronsky. The problems weighed on her too much, and Anna did not want to solve them.

If a woman is happy with Vronsky, then why don’t those around her understand this? Why doesn't her husband agree to the divorce? Why doesn't society accept them? Isn't love the most important thing in life?

Vronsky takes the news of suicide very hard. He believes that he is to blame for everything, repents and decides to volunteer for the war.

Anna, throwing herself under the wheels of the train, deliberately punished Vronsky. She did not think about what would happen to him after her death and what his future fate would be. Probably, when a person commits suicide, he thereby “kills” his loved ones. This happened in the case of Anna. Life became so difficult for Vronsky that he went to seek death in the war.

The book Anna Karenina examines several stories in parallel. If the reader does not become close and understandable to the main character, then he will certainly sympathize with the modest and pure-hearted Levin, who is in love with the wonderful girl Kitty.

“...But what always struck her as a surprise was the expression of her eyes, meek, calm and truthful, and especially her smile, which always transported Levin to a magical world, where he felt touched and softened, just as he could remember himself in the rare days of his early childhood."

But due to her youth and stupidity, Kitty rejects his proposal to marry him. Levin feels pain from the refusal, so he leaves for the village.

Physical pain can be treated with medications, but there is no cure for mental pain. Levin works constantly and does not allow himself luxury at all. However, he cannot forget Kitty. She sank too deeply into his soul. Fate brings the heroes together again a few years later. They are both happy, it is easy for them to communicate, they understand each other perfectly. And now, finally, they decide to get married.

L.N. Tolstoy clearly shows an example of bright, mutual and sincere love, describing the relationship between Levin and Kitty. Their words are honest, and their actions inspire approval from their readers. Such heroes are always empathized with and rejoice when they find happiness.

Levin and Kitty are also going through difficult times: the death of a loved one, a difficult birth. Konstantin has thoughts of suicide, but he understands that this is not a solution. Only he himself, through his actions, can fill the life of his family with happiness. And for this you need to try, you need to work on it.

Konstantin Levin is a positive hero, he is an example to follow. He teaches the reader to think about what is important. The endless question: “What am I living for?” can be disheartening. But there is no definite answer to it. Reflections on this topic evoke sadness and despair. A person may give up and mistakenly come to the conclusion that there is nothing worthwhile in his life.

The text is cut off due to the maximum character size in the post. See the continuation on the website.