Vietnam words for communication. Vietnamese language

What language is spoken in Vietnam is of interest to all tourists who want to visit this country. And in Lately The number of people traveling to this southeastern state is only increasing. Vietnam attracts with its exotic nature, inexpensive holiday and the warmth of local residents, with whom you want to exchange at least a few words in their native language.

Official language

Vietnam is a multinational country. It has both official and unrecognized languages. But still, when finding out what language is spoken in Vietnam, it is worth recognizing that the majority prefer Vietnamese. It is state-owned, and part of the population speaks fluent French, English and Chinese.

The official language of Vietnam is used for education and international communication. In addition to Vietnam itself, it is also common in Laos, Cambodia, Australia, Malaysia, Thailand, Germany, France, USA, Germany, Canada and other countries. In total, it is spoken by about 75 million people, of which 72 million live in Vietnam.

This language is spoken by 86 percent of the population in Vietnam. It's interesting that until the very late XIX centuries it was mainly used only for everyday communication and writing works of art.

History of Vietnam

When telling what language is spoken in Vietnam, it should be noted that the history of the state has left its mark on this. In the 2nd century BC, the territory of the modern country to which this article is dedicated was conquered by China. In fact, the Vietnamese remained under the protectorate of the Chinese until the 10th century. It is for this reason that Chinese served as the main language for official and written communication.

In addition, the Vietnamese rulers paid close attention to competitive examinations when appointing a new official to a particular position. This was required to select the most qualified employees; exams were conducted exclusively in Chinese for several centuries.

How did the Vietnamese language appear?

Vietnam as an independent literary beginnings emerge only at the end of the 17th century. At that time, a French Jesuit monk named Alexandre de Rod developed the Vietnamese alphabet based on the Latin one. In it, tones were indicated by special diacritics.

In the second half of the 19th century, the colonial administration of France, in order to weaken the traditional influence Chinese language to Vietnam, contributed to its development.

Modern literary Vietnamese is based on the northern dialect of the Hanoi dialect. In this case, the written form of the literary language is based on the sound composition of the central dialect. Interesting feature is that in writing each syllable is separated by a space.

Now you know what the language is in Vietnam. Nowadays, it is spoken by the vast majority of residents of this state. At the same time, according to experts, there are about 130 languages ​​in the country, which are more or less common in this country. Vietnamese language is used as a means of communication in high level, as well as among ordinary people. This official language in business and education.

Features of the Vietnamese language

Knowing what language is spoken in Vietnam, it is worth understanding its features. It belongs to the Austroasiatic family, the Vietnamese group. Most likely, in its origin it is close to the Muong language, but was originally classified as a group of Thai dialects.

Him a large number of dialects, of which there are three main ones, each of which is divided into its own dialects and dialects. The northern dialect is common in the center of the country; the southern dialect is popular in Ho Chi Minh City and surrounding areas. They all differ in vocabulary and phonetics.

Grammar

In total, the Vietnamese language has about two and a half thousand syllables. Interestingly, their number may vary depending on belonging to a particular dialect. It is an isolating language that is at the same time tonal and syllabic.

In almost all languages ​​of this group Difficult words are simplified to monosyllables, often this also applies to historical words, although recently a reverse trend has begun. The Vietnamese language lacks inflections and analytical forms. That is, all grammatical relations are built solely on the basis of function words, and prefixes, suffixes and affixes do not play any role in this. Notional parts of speech include verbs, adjectives and predicates. Another one distinctive feature is the use of related terms instead of personal pronouns.

Word formation

Most words in standard Vietnamese are formed using affixes, mostly of Chinese origin, as well as adding roots and doubling words or syllables.

One of the key features of word formation is that all components involved in the formation of words are monosyllabic. Surprisingly, one syllable can have several meanings at once, which can change depending on the intonation when they are pronounced.

A sentence has a fixed word order: the subject comes first, then the predicate and object. Most Vietnamese words are borrowed from Chinese, from different historical periods, and there is also a lot of Austroasiatic vocabulary.

The names of people in Vietnam are made up of three words - the mother's or father's surname, nickname and given name. The Vietnamese are not called by their surname, as in Russia; most often they are identified by their name. Another feature of Vietnamese names in earlier times was that the middle name clearly indicated the child's gender at birth. Moreover, if a girl’s name consisted of one word, then for a boy it could be several dozen words. Nowadays, this tradition has disappeared.

Popularity of the Vietnamese language

Due to the fact that this language is spoken in many Asian and European countries, it is not surprising that its popularity is growing every year. Many people learn it in order to open a business in this rapidly developing country.

Certain goods from Vietnam are now not inferior either in quality or in cost, and the culture and traditions are so interesting and amazing that many strive to join them.

In Vietnam itself, English, French and Chinese are actively used in the tourism sector; quite a lot of Russian-speaking staff can be found, especially among those who Soviet time received education in the USSR. Those who master this language note that it is very similar to Chinese. In both languages, syllables carry a special meaning, and intonation plays almost a decisive role.

This is a rather rare language in Russia; there are only a few schools that will help you master it. If you still decide to study it, then be prepared for the fact that classes can begin only after the group has been recruited; you may have to wait quite a long time, so it is better to initially focus on meetings with an individual teacher.

Common phrases in Vietnamese

So it is not that easy to learn this language. At the same time, you often want to build communication in Vietnam in your native dialect in order to win over the local residents. It's easy to pick up a few popular phrases that will demonstrate in conversation how immersed you are in the local culture:

• Hello - Xing Tiao.
• Dear friends - like ban than mein.
• Goodbye - hyung gap lai nya.
• Where will we meet - tyung ta gap nyau o dau?
• Bye - dy nhe.
• Yes - tso, wang, yes.
• No - hong.
• Thank you - cam he.
• Please - hong tso chi.
• Sorry - hin loy.
• What is your name - an tein la di?
• My name is... - toy tein la...

We hope you learned a lot of interesting things about the language and culture of Vietnam. We wish interesting travels to this country!

Common phrases
		tso, wang, yes
Please		hong tso chi
Sorry
Hello
Goodbye
I didn't understand
What is your name?	ten anh (chi) la gi?	ten anh la gi
		Nya we sin
How much does it cost?	cai nay gia bao nhieu?	Tsai nai gia bao nhieu?
What time is it now?	may gio ro`i nhi?	Mau gio ro"i nhi?
Do you speak English	co noi tieng khong?	tso noi tieng hong anh?
How to say it?	cai nay tieng noi the?	Tsai nai tieng noi te?
I'm from Russia	tôi đến từ Nga	toi den tu Nga
Hotel
Shop (shopping)
Cash
Credit card	thẻ tín dụng thẻ	tae ting doong tae
To wrap up
No change	mà không cần dùng	ma hong san doung
Very expensive
Transport
Motorbike		he gan mai
Airport
		ga he lua
Departure		di, ho hanh
Arrival
Emergency cases
Fire Department	sở cứu hỏa	from suu hoa
		do"n tsankh sat
Ambulance	xe cứu thương	he suu huong
Hospital		benh vien
		Hieu Tuoc
Restaurant
		Nuots Trai Tsau
Ice cream

Language of Vietnam

What is the language in Vietnam

Official language in Vietnam- Vietnamese (tieng viet).

The Vietnamese language is also widely spoken in Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, Australia, France, Germany, the USA, and Canada. It is spoken by more than 80 million people worldwide.

Language of Vietnam has characteristics in different regions of the country. There are three main dialects: northern, central and southern.

Since Hanoi is a city with a developed tourist infrastructure, in hotels, restaurants and cafes the staff speaks conversational English language. In the service sector, French and Russian are also spoken. Difficulties in translation Russian travelers are ignored in developed tourist centers of Vietnam.

Language of Vietnam has a complex phonological structure. One word, pronounced with different intonation and tone, can have up to six meanings.

For a long time Vietnamese language was influenced by the Chinese language. Two-thirds of the words in the Vietnamese language come from Chinese, and during the period of French rule, Vietnamese vocabulary was enriched with French words.

Until the beginning of the 20th century Vietnamese alphabet was hieroglyphic. But a little over a century ago, the Latin alphabet was introduced in the country. Diacritics were added to Latin vowels to indicate the tone of pronunciation of the letter. The modern Vietnamese alphabet consists of 29 letters.

The pronunciation of Vietnamese words and phrases in this mini phrasebook is given approximately. It is not recommended to actively use these words and phrases, since if the intonation is incorrect, the meaning of what is said can be greatly distorted. This is due to the fact that Vietnamese is a tonal language and it would seem that the same word, but said differently, means completely different things and concepts.
The sound “g” at the end of a word is not pronounced clearly. If two “a” sounds are written, then this simply means an extended “a”. The sound “x” after “t” is pronounced weakly.

At the top of the image there is an inscription in capital letters in Vietnamese it means "Dong Xuan Market" (Cho -market). At the bottom is “Hanoi Station”. The word "ga" (station) comes from the French "gare".

Airport, arrival, control

Airplane - May Bai
Passport - whoa
Customs - hi kuaan
Immigration control - nyap kang
Visa - thii tuk.
Washing - zhatdo (GIẶT ĐỒ)

In a hotel

Hotel - Khaak Shan
I would like to book - laam en cho doy dat chyok moot
Can I have a look? - goy do te sam phom dyok khon?
From... to... (meaning stay from such and such a date to such and such) - du... den...
Number - with
How much does a room cost? Zya mot fom laa bou nieu?
Date - ngai taang
We are moving out tomorrow - ngai mai chung doi zeri dai
Credit card - tae ding zun
Air conditioning - may lan

At the restaurant

Restaurant - nya han[g]
I would like to - sin cho doi
Beef - thiit bo
pork - thiit kheyo
Chicken - thiit ga
Fish - kaa
Nuts - dau fong
Spoon - kai thia
Knife - gon zao
Fork - kai nyia

Numbers

Tourists often have to deal with numbers.
One is a spendthrift
Two - high
Three - ba
Four - bon
Five for us
Six - shaw
Seven - bye
Eight is there
Nine - ting
Ten - myoi
Then it’s simple: 11 - ten and one = my mot, twelve = my high, etc. Only 15 will not be for us, but for our lamas.
Twenty - hai myoi (that is, two ten), 21 - hai myoi mot (two ten one).
One hundred is mot cham, that is, one hundred. 101 - mot cham lin mot, that is, one hundred, then something like zero, then one. 123 - mot cham hai myoi ba (one hundred,
two tens, three).
A thousand is ngin, a million is chieu.
Percentage - fan cham. 100% - mot cham fan cham.

Pronouns

I am the one, my one is the one
You are a kau anh or a kau ti, depending on whether you are a man or a woman
addressed (an - man, ti - woman) your - ku:a kau, a
also kua:an, kua:ti
You - an, your - ku:a an
He is an_ey, om_ey, ku:a
She, her - ti_ey, ba_ey, ku:a, ti_ey,
ku:a ba_ey
We, ours - tyun[g]_ta, tyun[g]_toy,
ku:a tyun[g]_ta, ku:a tyun[g]_toy
You, your - how_an (how_ti, how om, how ba), ku:a how_an (ku:a how_ti,
ku:a like om, ku:a like ba)
They, their - ho ku:a ho
Who, whose - ah, ku:a ah
What - zi, kai zi
This, that, this, these are the most
That, that, that, those - cue

Greetings

Hello - xin tiao (the sound “t” is pronounced as the middle between “ch” and “t”). This greeting is the most universal and most commonly used.
Its varieties:

When addressing a man under 40-45 years old - Tiao an!
when addressing a woman under 40-45 years old - Tiao ti!
when addressing an elderly man/elderly woman - Tiao om!/Tiao ba!
… sir/madam - Tiao om!/Tiao ba!
... friend - Tiao ban!
... when addressing someone younger in age - Tiao em!
... when addressing a child - Tiao chau!
When addressing a group of people, the word is added How , denoting plural.
... when addressing men - Tiao kak_an/kak_om! (depending on age)
... when addressing women - Tiao kak_ti/kak_ba! (depending on age)
... when addressing men and women, if representatives of both are present
gender - Tiao kak_an, kak_ti (kak_om, kak_ba)!
... friends (gentlemen, master and madam, comrades) - Tiao kak_ban (kak_om, om_ba, kak_dom_ti)!
Goodbye - There _beats anh! (instead of an it is said ti, om, ba, etc., depending on who you are saying goodbye to). But this is what they say on special occasions. More common is simply "Tiao".

In the city

Please tell me - Lam_yn te_bet...
What's the address here? Diea chii laa zi?
Where is the bank - ngan_khan[g] o:dau?
The key word here is where - o:dow?
For example: “Where is the station?” - nya_ha o:dow? and so on …
Store - kya_khan[g]
Bus stop - cham se_buit
Hair salon - hieu kat_tauk
Toilet - nya ve sin
Taxi rank - ben taxi_si

Help me, please - lam_yn (please) zup (help) that (I, me)
Write to me, please - lam_yn (please) viet ho (write) toy (I, me)
Please repeat again - sin nyak_lai mot lan nya
Explain to me, please - lam_yn za_tyt aunty
Let me ask you - te_fep toy hoy
What is it called in Vietnamese? - kai_nai tyen[g] viet goi te_nao?
One hundred grams - mot_cham (one hundred) gam (gram)

Thank you - kam_yn.
Thank you very much - zhet kam_yn an (instead of an they say ti, om, ba, etc., depending on who you thank).

Communication

Sorry - sin_loy

Hong can. Pronounced “(k)hom kan” - don’t need, don’t need (categorical form).

Shopping, shopping - muah ban

I (toy) want (muon) to try on (mak_tkhy)…
dress (ao_wai) this is (nai)
kuan (pants) nai (these)
skirt (wai) nay (this)

What is the price? - Zao bao nieu?
Very expensive - dat kua
Couldn't it be cheaper? - ko zhe hyun khom?

Electronic phrasebooks

With the development of compact electronic devices, voice programs began to be “embedded” into them. electronic transfer, briefly called electronic phrasebooks. The same term applies to the devices themselves, whose sole function is electronic interpretation.
Electronic transfer is also carried out by other devices, for example, smartphones or tablet computers, if they have the appropriate hardware and software functionality.

Electronic phrase books can also be used as mini-teacher books for a foreign language.

Some models of electronic phrasebooks contain programs and dictionary databases for translating several dozen languages ​​in various directions. They are especially attractive for those who travel a lot and frequently. different countries. Their cost is in the range of $150-200.

The Vietnamese language is very complex, since the vowels in it have different tones, which is why Russian-Vietnamese phrasebook for tourists includes a minimum of words. The Russian-Vietnamese phrasebook will be useful to you in local markets and restaurants, but keep in mind that a person unfamiliar with the rules of Vietnamese pronunciation will speak with a strong accent and may not be understood. In tourist areas they are used to this and usually understand simple phrases spoken by foreigners, but if you go to places remote from the resorts, it will be much more difficult for you to express yourself, even using a Russian-Vietnamese phrasebook.

Russian-Vietnamese phrasebook: why is it needed

Use our short Russian-Vietnamese phrasebook, because if the Vietnamese manage to understand you, they will be very happy about it, treat you with great warmth and give you more discounts than they usually give.

Russian-Vietnamese phrasebook: greetings and farewells

When Vietnamese greet each other, they usually focus on who they are addressing. Depending on age and gender, the greeting may sound different. But, in order not to get confused in addresses, our Russian-Vietnamese phrasebook offers you a single general greeting that is suitable for everyone: Xin chào(Xin Chao). When you come to any cafe or shop, say “Xing Chao”, this will greatly please the Vietnamese.

You can say goodbye using the word Tạm biệt(It hits there). This expression is suitable for places to which you may not return (meaning more like “goodbye”). If you want to be even more polite and indicate the opportunity new meeting, one might say Hẹn gặp lại(Heng gap lai), which can be translated into Russian as “see you, see you later.”

What is the most useful word after greeting in any country? Well, of course, this is the word “thank you.” In Vietnamese it sounds like Cảm ơn(Kam he). It is very easy to remember, since many people are familiar with it English expression, which sounds similar, but means something completely different =)

If in response to your thank you, you will hear the words Không có gì(Hon ko chi), it means "you're welcome."

Russian-Vietnamese phrasebook: in a restaurant

The following mini Russian-Vietnamese phrasebook will be useful to you in a restaurant.

To find out which dish is best to order, ask the waiter a question Món gì ngon?(Mon zi nyeon). This phrase will be approximately equivalent to the Russian question - “Which dish is good?”

When eating in a Vietnamese cafe, you will definitely want to thank the chef and express your thoughts about the food. Vietnamese dishes can be as simple as chicken rice or noodle soup, or as exotic and intricate as swallow's nest soup or crocodile barbecue. Either way, this food will be delicious! This can be said using a simple phrase Ngon qua!(Non kwa), which means “very tasty”.
To ask for an invoice, say: Tinh tiền(Tinh Tien), the waiter must understand and calculate you.

Russian-Vietnamese phrasebook: on the market

To make it easier to navigate the market, you need to know the numbers:

• one - một(mot)
• two - hai(hi)
• three - ba(ba)
• four - bốn(bon)
• five - năm(us)
• six - sáu(sau)
• seven - bảy(bye)
• eight - tám(there)
• nine - chín(fix)
• ten - mười(muy)

In order to bargain, one basic thing will be enough đắt quá(Dat kva) - very expensive. For convenience, you can set your price using a calculator; every seller should have one.

It remains to add that if you don’t know a word of Vietnamese, that’s not a problem either. In most resorts, Vietnamese speak English or even Russian (in Mui Ne, most salespeople, managers and administrators speak Russian), so you are unlikely to have any difficulties communicating.

Today we want to share some really useful phrases in Vietnamese. This will be very useful when you arrive in Vietnam, for example, when you go to a market or a store. Vietnamese mostly do not know English; they would rather know a few words in Russian. However, if you show respect for their culture and country by knowing certain phrases, it will help you lower the price and win them over.

The Vietnamese language is very difficult to understand by ear because it contains many vowels and each of them can contain 6 tones. You have to have an almost musical ear to catch all these subtleties. For the Vietnamese, the Russian language is extremely difficult because it contains many hard, hissing and voiced consonants. But we won’t bother you again and present you with some really useful phrases:

"Hello" - Xing Tiao
“Goodbye” - it beats
"Yes Yes
"No" - hong
“Thank you” - KAM ON
“Thank you very much” - KAM ON NIE"U
"What is the price?" - bao NIE"U
"Ice" - yes
"Bread" - banh mi
"Iced tea" - cha da
“Iced coffee with condensed milk” - cafe here
"Score" - Tinh Tien
Addressing a waiter or someone - uh oh
"Rice" - com
"Fish" - ka
"Chicken" - ha
"Beef" - Bo Nol Hong
"One" -Mot
"Two" - Hai
"Three" - Ba
"Four" - Bon
"Five" - ​​Us
"Six" - Sau
"Seven" - Bai
"Eight" - There
"Nine" - Tien
"Ten" - Muoi