Such a different line of officers. Officer's line What an officer's line looks like and how much it costs

And other working documents).

In English - combat mission plotter (line of combat events)

Officer's line in the USSR it was made of transparent yellow-gray celluloid, in the modern period of Russia - from hard transparent plastic (polystyrene) of various colors. In the Allied Armed Forces there was also Marine officer line .

Purpose

The only thing left was the prepared flight maps. In addition to the route with airfields, it was necessary to designate restricted areas, radio navigation aids, elevation of the terrain, and much more. Helped a lot with this officer line. Officer's line had stencils, and preparing cards was not too tedious. However officer rulers They were not included in the set of mandatory navigator’s equipment, but were sometimes sold in military stores, and were not only officer lines, but also in short supply. I had such a valuable officer line.

It is used for orienting on a topographic map, on the ground, determining coordinates, with its help it is possible to draw fonts, figures, numbers, and measure angles. In fact, it is a universal tool and a complete set of drawing devices in one tool.

Designed for:

• measurements, including on topographic maps and plans;
• applying symbols to working documents (topographic map), such as:
  • friendly and enemy formations.
  • their tasks according to purpose
  • their actions, planned and actual
  • placement of various weapons, equipment and equipment
  • the use of various weapons and equipment
  • prohibited zones, zones of fires, floods, radiation, chemical, biological (bacteriological) contamination
  • military roads, routes, column tracks
• creating graphic images, diagrams, plans.

Compound

Includes:

• ruler;
• protractor (180 degrees) with double-sided millimeter graduation scale;
• various geometric shapes (circles, rectangles, squares, triangles, ovals, and so on);
• special graphics and inscriptions Officer's ruler, prices and manufacturer;
• scale scale;
• stencils.

Size

Price

• USSR - 47 kopecks;
• Russian Federation - from 20 to 100 rubles.

See also

Notes

Literature

• I. D. Pombrick, N. A. Shevchenko, “Commander’s Work Card”, Military Publishing House, Moscow, 1967.
• Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
• Textbook, “Military Topography”, team of authors, Voenizdat, M., 1983.
• Combat Manual of the Ground Forces, Parts I, II, III, Voenizdat, M., 1983.
• Universal German-Russian Dictionary, Akademik.ru, 2011.

Links

• Officer's line in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
• Information portal for parents, Officer Line.

Military topography

Military topography is a discipline of military affairs that studies methods and means of assessing terrain, terrain orientation and making field measurements to support the combat activities of troops (forces), defining the rules for maintaining commanders’ work maps and developing graphic combat documents.

History of computing

Computer technology is a critical component of the computing and data processing process. The first devices for calculations were probably the well-known counting sticks, which are still used today. primary school many schools for teaching numeracy. As they developed, these devices became more complex, for example, such as Phoenician clay figurines, also intended to visually represent the number of items being counted. Such devices seem to have been used by traders and accountants of the time.

Gradually, from the simplest devices for counting, more and more complex devices were born: abacus (abacus), slide rule, adding machine, computer. Despite the simplicity of early computing devices, a skilled accountant can obtain results using simple abacus even faster than the sluggish owner of a modern calculator. Naturally, the performance and calculation speed of modern computing devices have long surpassed the capabilities of the most outstanding human calculator.

Ruler

A ruler is the simplest measuring instrument, usually a narrow plate with at least one straight side. Typically, a ruler has strokes (divisions) that are multiples of a unit of length (centimeter, millimeter, inch), which are used to measure distances.

According to the classification, it is a multi-valued measure of length (see line length measure).

Drobyshev's ruler

Drobyshev's ruler - a tool (ruler) for accurately constructing an orthogonal grid, named after the inventor - F.V. Drobyshev.

Slide rule

Slide rule, adding rule - an analog computing device that allows you to perform several mathematical operations, including multiplication and division of numbers, exponentiation (most often squaring and cube), calculating square and cube roots, calculating logarithms, potentiation, calculating trigonometric and hyperbolic functions and some other operations. If you break the calculation into three steps, then using a slide rule you can raise numbers to any real power and extract the root of any real power.

Before the advent of pocket calculators, this tool served as an indispensable calculation tool for the engineer. The accuracy of the calculations is about 3 significant figures.

Rulers produced in the USSR, unlike the ruler in the photo, almost always had an additional centimeter scale at the beveled edge, just like a regular ruler. The standard ruler had a length of 30 cm, which was convenient for geometric work in A4 format. In this case, the logarithmic scales had a length of 25 cm; their designations were usually applied at the ends. Less common were small rulers with scales 12.5 cm long and large size- with scales 50 cm long.

Circular slide rules (logarithmic circles) were also produced, the advantage of which was their compactness. At the beginning of the 20th century, for calculations with increased (10-100 times) accuracy, they used tabletop counting rollers - a mechanical device in which logarithmic scales are applied to the generatrices of cylinders, one of which can move coaxially along the other and rotate around it.

Navigation calculators

Navigation calculators are calculating instruments (special rulers, tablets) designed to perform navigation calculations.

Field bag

Field bag - a special bag for command (commanding) personnel (officers, warrant officers and sergeants), used for carrying, storing and using working documents (maps, etc.), writing instruments and tools necessary for command personnel (officer’s ruler, compass, curvimeter , meter and so on), in early models also included a palette bag.

Also colloquially called - commander's bag, officer's bag, officer's tablet, sergeant's bag, tablet, tablet, palette, flight.

The field bag was widespread in the 20th century in armed forces many states.

Conventional signs (cartography)

Cartographic symbols are a system of symbolic graphic symbols (signs) used to depict various objects and phenomena, their qualitative and quantitative characteristics on maps.

Symbols are sometimes also called "map legend".

Various officer (commander) lines of the operational-tactical control level, navigator, “standard” officer and simply having patterns in them in accordance with the regulatory documents of the Russian Guard, the Armed Forces of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and other law enforcement agencies (departments), as well as There are rulers for dentistry...

1. A topographic ruler measuring 15*12.5 cm is very convenient when working with maps of main scales 1:10,000, 1:25,000, 1:50,000 and 1:100,000. Allows you to very quickly determine the coordinates of objects (points) and angles on them. Indispensable when passing topography standards. Price 250 rubles per piece.

2. The ruler of the operational-tactical control level (medium) in A5 format and size 21*15 cm has the main tactical patterns (figures) and allows you to quickly and conveniently plot the tactical situation, take coordinates and determine angles using standard ruler scales and a hemispherical protractor. Price 450 rubles per piece.

3. A large officer’s line of operational-tactical control level for working with topographic maps (diagrams) of various scales, measuring 27*18 cm, just under the field (commander’s) bag. It has many more patterns (figures) and allows you not only to plot the tactical situation, take coordinates and determine angles with a full-fledged protractor with a 360-degree scale, but also to sign conventional signs with the same height of letters and numbers (especially convenient for those whose handwriting is “lame”). Price 600 rubles per piece.

4. Ruler for dentistry (orthopedists). It helps to count where the teeth should be moved in millimeters, to the correct position, their inclination, etc. Price 220 rubles per piece.

5. The officer’s “standard” line contains characters developed back in Soviet era and a number of additional ones. Price 300 rubles per piece.

6. The navigator’s ruler contains dials intended for use by aviation military personnel military units and units, directly by navigators and cadets of the relevant higher educational institutions. Price 280 rubles per piece.

7. Military liqalo size 15*10 cm, compact enough to fit a breast pocket. It does not have a ruler scale and is designed to work on conventional topographic maps ( work map, map, decision of the commander), diagrams and plotting on them the tactical situation of the areas of defense and concentration of troops, directions of the main and other attacks, aviation fire, a number of command posts of the battalion, company, platoon and a number of reconnaissance agencies. Price 250 rubles per piece.

If rulers are available, shipping is carried out by mail on the same day after ordering and payment or the next. All rulers are made of modern material with a thickness of 0.5-0.7 mm, they bend and do not break (without fanaticism, of course). Payment in cash or transfer to a Sberbank card. If you have any questions, write here by email or WhatsApp, call, ask! I'll send you via WhatsApp additional photos rulers. If you don't answer the phone, it means I'm busy, I'll call you back...

Having arrived after graduating from the Academy in the sunny city of Arkhangelsk, work began on preparing for flights, which consisted, first of all, of the desire to fly, solid theoretical knowledge, prepared flight maps and black socks, as a bright future showed.
I’ve already written about the role of black socks, but if you haven’t read it, read it.
The desire to fly became obsessive. The only thing left was the prepared flight maps. In addition to the route with airfields, it was necessary to designate restricted areas, radio navigation aids, elevation of the terrain, and much more. The officer line helped a lot in this. The officer's line had stencils, and preparing the cards was not too tedious. However, officer's rulers were not included in the compulsory navigator's equipment, but were sometimes sold in military markets, and were not only officer's rulers, but also in short supply.
I had such a valuable officer line. In addition, I was quite talented in drawing, so my flight maps could compete with works of art. In general, the flight cards were prepared and began to fly. Flights, by the way, were not in short supply.
Somehow it was necessary to show the flight maps to the chief navigator with a new top-secret zone designated. We were in reserve, and I decided to draw that top-secret zone on the flight map. I was just about to go draw when I discovered that I had lost the officer’s ruler. No need to talk about that. I was so upset. My mood was corrected by the commander of the An-24 with whom we flew. He said:
- Hold the ruler, Lech. You've got a bubble!
I gratefully took the ruler on which the commander’s name was scratched and put it in a safe place, and we safely drank the bottle I bought after the flights.
I have already retrained on the Tu-134, managed to get married and buy an apartment, and my wife gave birth to a child, and the child grew up to sledding. The whole family went for a walk and passing by the military trading center we decided to go there.
It was the end of the month, military trade, fulfilling the plan, “threw away” the deficit in the form of officer lines, of which I bought about ten of them.
The next day I went into the navigation room and gave everyone sitting there a ruler. The same commander of the An-24 with whom I flew, and who helped me out with an officer’s line for the bubble, was sitting there.
“And for me,” he asked.
I gave him the same ruler that I had once received from him for a bubble.
Another important navigational attribute was the NL-10 navigation ruler. A navigation slide rule is a very convenient thing for calculations, spine scratching and other equally useful things. We were given these rulers, but I had obvious respect for the ruler, so it lasted me 2 or even 3 times longer than it was supposed to. So I saved rulers and was very pleased that the country was getting richer. The country is rapidly getting richer, and I am getting richer with the country.
I moved to my homeland, Leningrad, St. Petersburg.
There they gave me a new navigation ruler and I flew again. Then I met an American woman (When Bolivar can’t stand two)
That American woman had a cousin who flew a Lear-Jet. All the foreigners were obsessed with our wooden abacus. Therefore, I decided that NL-10.
will simply delight that cousin! That’s what happened, but that’s another story.
In general, the NL-10 navigation line flew with me for 5 years in the North and another 2-3 years in St. Petersburg and was destroyed. I also had a spare NL-10, which I used. Maybe he was showing something to someone, maybe he was teaching someone, maybe something else, but there was no ruler in the navigator’s briefcase! And I was very upset about this. We were supposed to fly first to Arkhangelsk, and then to Naryan-Mar, but there was no line. No, these are the routes of my childhood in Aviation, but there is no NL-10! I flew there without navigation instruments, but there is no navigation ruler! It's like being on a steamship and suddenly discovering that there is no life preserver!
I flew with a very heavy heart and without any spark of inspiration.
We sat down in Arkhangelsk, where everyone remembers and loves me. I'm going to the chief navigator, they say there is no ruler. And Leonid Aleksandrovich would be happy to give, but there’s nothing.
We flew to Naryan-Mar. There is no mood at all. (What a state they have brought the country to. There are not even navigation lines!)
I come to the navigation room, and there on the table is an almost new NL-10, but with the name of the happy owner. I almost fell to my knees just to have the ruler handed over. And that navigator on duty told me, they say, if only I change to an officer’s. I almost jumped for joy! I still have those rulers from those Northern times, and after 5 minutes the navigator on duty had them, and I had the NL-10!
Then we boarded to Pulkovo. My ruler was found soon, and after a couple of days all our pilots began bringing me navigation rulers. They brought it to the whole squadron! When I was written off in 2004, I gave all the rulers to the young guys, and kept two for myself. The one with whom I flew before the “loss”, and the one from Naryan-Mar.

Tablet:
The 1935 model tablet began to arrive in units in 1936. It was usually made of high-quality black leather with a granular surface that did not give glare. Soldiers could also use civilian tablets, and there were also captured copies. By the end of the war, green or brown became the main color of tablets. The manufacturer's stamp and year of manufacture were affixed to back side top valve.

The 1935 model Meldekartentasche 35 tablet was used by officers, some non-commissioned officers, artillery observers, military field
gendarmerie, signalmen, couriers and other military personnel in accordance with their type of activity.

The most common model was a rectangular bag made of black or black grain leather. brown. Its upper part was closed with a flap using a strap with a buckle (sometimes a bracket was used).

Under the flap there were seven slots for pencils and several pockets for
rulers. Inside the bag was divided by a partition into two compartments.

One of them contained a protective card case made from two transparent celluloid sheets held together by a leather frame.

The tablet was worn on the belt, threading the belt through loops sewn to its back wall.
It was possible to carry the tablet on a strap thrown over right shoulder. According to the charter, in any case, it should have been located in front on the left side or on the thigh

Field Officer Recruitment:

Pencils and erasers:

Cards

German map times of World War II

Deckungswinkelmesser - "goniometer"

Deckungswinkelmesser (protractor). It was included in the field kit of almost everyone who was involved in shooting (artillerymen, machine gunners, mortar men). Inside the optical device of the device there is an angle measuring scale with markings up to 30 degrees (in increments of 0.25 degrees). The tablet was stored in a special designated pocket:

Compartments for pencils and protractor

Kurvimeter (Kurvenmesser) is a device for measuring the lengths of curved lines on maps. Must be present in any tablet:

Topographic protractor (kartenwinkelmesser):

"Officer" line

Slide rule

Ruler-protractor

Celluloid protractor ruler, kept in a specially designated pocket

Pencil sharpeners:

Set of colored pencils

Case for collet pencils capable of writing on any surface, including acetate, celluloid and pigment. Pencils of excellent quality, produced for the army by Eberhard Faber. The name of the model speaks for itself: Taktik.
Nearby lies a kilometer ruler (Kilometermesser). This simple device made it possible to quickly estimate distance on maps of different scales. Plastic, aluminum and painted metal were used as ruler materials.

This subject is familiar to most children who grew up in the USSR. Classmates looked with envy at the happy owner of a transparent strip with many holes in the form of various geometric figures. These days this item is more of a rarity. Even the military itself is increasingly resorting to using paper maps.

A little history

The exact time when people began to use a ruler is unknown, but during excavations of settlements of the ancient Hellenes buried under layers of sand and stone, archaeologists found smooth wooden tablets with divisions. This is not surprising, because architectural monuments that era are impressive. The ancient designers who created these structures probably used one or another drawing tools when developing their projects.

A ruler with modern measures of length appeared in France. One fine day, people got tired of endlessly converting some measures of length into others (pounds, inches, arshins, elbows, etc.) and a meter was adopted as a measure of length - one forty-millionth of the circumference of the globe.

Well, like any human invention, the line, when it was born, quickly began to develop. There are all kinds of rulers. Regular strip with divisions. A ruler in the form of a square with different angles. The usual protractor, indispensable in drawing, is a semicircle with divisions into degrees, etc.

Why did the officers need a ruler?

Since time immemorial, military personnel have used maps to plan their actions. And if the commanders of antiquity had no questions about how to plot the location of their troops and the enemy’s forces on the terrain map, then in times close to modern times, everything became not so simple.

The success of a planned offensive often depended on the strict execution of a specific task by subordinate units at a specified place and time. The maps of the area that the commanders had played an important role in this. The locations of units, directions of strikes and counterstrikes, and locations of fortifications were marked on them.

The troops have long ceased to consist only of cavalry and infantry. On the map it was necessary to indicate machine gun nests, locations of communications equipment, gun crews, positions military equipment and much more.

It is precisely because of the variety of symbols and signs applied to military topographic maps, and the need arose to unify all these designations. The goal is to make the map developed by one officer understandable and “readable” for all his other colleagues in uniform. The standard officer line began to be widely used during the First World War, and by all warring parties at once.

What is an officer's line?

Probably everyone knows what this drawing tool looks like. The officer's ruler is more of a kind of stencil with which special signs can be applied to paper. For ease of use, it is usually made of some transparent material. The USSR officer's ruler was made of transparent celluloid. The material was not completely transparent, but had a yellow-gray color. In modern Russian army An officer's ruler is used, cast from hard transparent plastic.

Lovers of antiques appreciate the Soviet version. But it’s not only collectors who are drawn to antiquities. Officers who, due to their occupation, still have to use a ruler, oddly enough, also prefer “Made in the USSR.” The fact is that the officer's ruler, made of celluloid, practically does not break, unlike its modern counterpart.

What are there

The officer's line is not 100% universal. Some troops had separate types. Here, for example, is the standard officer line. Photo from the standard set of officer's tablet.

The next option is not much different. This is a naval officer's line. Military school cadets also had their own line.

And here is another officer's line. Photo from US Army equipment.

And such rulers were found among prisoners or killed German officers during the Great Patriotic War.

How to use it

Any of listed types rulers contains a set of various icons that the military usually uses to designate certain tactical units. Just put the ruler down, press it down and trace the desired shape with a pencil. A whole set of all kinds of symbols and various figures(contours aircraft, ships, other pieces of equipment) contains any officer line.

Scale windows are designed to allow you to estimate the distance on the map in real units of measurement without wasting precious time on calculations. All other features of the standard ruler No. 2 are the same as those of any other drawing device. Individual edges of the officer's ruler are made in the form of irregularities of various configurations. With their help, wavy lines are drawn on the map. Almost all rulers have a familiar protractor - an angle meter.

Some copies have a section in the form of a magnifying glass, with which you can make out small symbols and inscriptions on the map.

Specialized rulers are more difficult to use. For example, an artillery officer's line. This is a whole measuring device with which the artilleryman could calculate, in addition to the firing range, some parameters of the ballistic trajectory, the sector of fire, etc.