The transaction reversal record is generated with negative value parameter. For example, the wiring was initially made:

Debit 20 Main production Credit 10 Materials in the amount of 120,854.45 rubles. at the planned cost of inventories. To get the actual price of 115,145.17 rubles, you will need the red reversal method:

Dt 20 Kt 10 – 5,709.28 rub. REVERSE

This method is used in the following cases:

• when it is necessary to make corrections to current accounting;
• to write off already realized trade margins;
• if the company's estimated reserves are to be adjusted;
• it is necessary to bring the accounting price of uninvoiced supplies to the actual one.

Red reversal method. Example

Suppose the company "Giant" has created a reserve for doubtful debts next entry in accounting:

Debit 91.02 “Other expenses” Credit 63 “Provisions for doubtful debts” in the amount of 1200 thousand rubles.

At the end of the reporting period, part of the reserve was written off by posting:

Dt 63 Kt 62 95 thousand rubles, and part of it is built - Dt 91.02 Kt 63 - 15 thousand rubles.

Please note that all reversals in accounting must be accompanied by the document “Accounting certificate”.

What is red reversal in accounting?

If we look at the legislative acts, we can see that the mechanism for adjustments in accounting is not strictly regulated, so accountants use both a reversal entry with a minus and a system of reverse entries. A red reversal in accounting implies the action of canceling a previous incorrect entry, because the amounts recorded in red are deducted from the total account turnover.

An entry with a minus is universal, as it allows you to correct synthetic data as soon as an error is detected, and does not distort the turnover of accounts for the period, since incorrect amount is actually destroyed, both in debit and credit. For clarity, you can consider several options for adjusting amounts using specific examples:

As a result, the turnover in accounts 20 “Main production” and 10 “Materials” will be only 7890-50 rubles, the turnover will not double. A reversal entry is just an opportunity to comply with all accounting rules by correcting incorrect entries immediately after an error is discovered.

Why is the posting with a minus called a red reversal?

The reversal entry is made with a minus sign; in addition, it is written on paper in red ink, and is highlighted in red in the automated accounting program. Therefore, the usual wiring is usually called “black”, and the reversal wiring with a minus is called “red”.

Why can't you do regular “black” wiring instead of “red”?

Sometimes, by mistake in accounting, instead of posting a reversal, the accountant makes a reverse entry. For example, you need to reverse an erroneous posting:

Debit 26 Credit 60 in the amount of 150,000 rubles. due to an error by the accounting service - in fact there should not be a write-off.

The specialist does not make the correction by writing:

Dt 26 Kt 60 – 150,000 REVERSE, and by recording Dt 60 Kt 26,150,000

The final account balances will be identical for both accounting entry options, but with reverse entries, the accountant artificially increases the turnover of debit and credit accounts, which distorts the data and requires additional analytics during analysis.

When is it necessary to do without STORNO?

Inaccuracies in accounting are possible due to a technical error or malfunction software product, and due to fatigue of the accounting service specialist. Local errors, when only the date is distorted, are easier to correct than transit errors, which involve several registers at once.

Errors in numbers are the most common. To make adjustments, the accountant uses:

• proofreading method;
• red STORNO;
• additional entry.

Additional posting cannot be avoided if the amount is underestimated; for example, it was necessary to make an entry:

Debit 26 – Credit 70 for 120,850 rubles. – accrued wages to the director, but only 120,050 rubles are listed in the accounting, and after issuing the correct amount, 800 rubles are stuck, they will need to be additionally accrued in the same way in Dt 26 from Kta 70 by 800 rubles.

Reversal entries are used when the amount of the transaction is overstated, for example, instead of RUB 120,850. 120,855 rubles would have been charged. (5 rubles will “freeze” if you do not make an adjustment in red).

The red reversal rule is enshrined in PBU 22/2010 on the procedure for correcting errors in accounting. It was approved on April 19, 2010 and is applied from reporting for 2011. You can use STORNO for the entire amount of the incorrect entry, adding an accounting entry with the correct amount, or only for the difference. For example, the following entry was made in accounting:

Debit 62 – Credit 90 – sale of the machine for 925,125 rubles.

In fact, 920,125 rubles were received for the machine. By posting to Debit 51 and Credit 62, the amount of 5,000 rubles was stuck in the account for settlements with customers under this agreement. Having raised the contract, the accountant was convinced that the sales amounted to 925,125 rubles. was carried out erroneously, the sales accounts should have had the amount of 920,125 rubles. The following fixes are possible:

1 way

Dt 62 Kt 90 – 925 125 rub. REVERSE for the entire amount

Dt 62 Kt 90 920 125 rub. – posting to the correct sales value

Method 2

Dt 62 Kt 90 – 5,000 rub. REVERSE the difference

3 way

Dt 90 Kt 62 5,000 rub. – reverse posting for the difference.

Mathematically, all 3 options will be correct, but from an accounting point of view, only the first method of adjusting the overstated amount will be the most informative.

There are several ways to reverse an erroneous amount.
With retro discounts, the reversal occurs for the seller, but not for the buyer.
Reverse postings distort account turnover.

Errors in accounting registers can be dangerous tax consequences. To avoid this, it is important for the company to detect possible distortions in time and correct them.
One of the adjustment methods is the “red reversal”. This method of making corrections is used if incorrect correspondence of accounts is given in the accounting. The bottom line is that at first the erroneous posting is repeated in red ink (or in red in computer program). When calculating the totals in the registers, the amounts written in red ink are subtracted from the total. Thus, the incorrect entry is canceled. After this, a new entry is made with the correct account correspondence or the correct amount.

Reflecting reverse postings instead of reversing an inflated amount entails a doubling of account turnover

Often errors occur due to the accountant's carelessness or a glitch in the accounting program. For example, the organization received a certificate of completion of work in the amount of 30,000 rubles. And the accountant made the following entry by mistake:
Debit 44 Credit 60 - 33,000 rub.
In this case, you can reverse the difference between the correct and incorrect amount:
Debit 44 Credit 60 - -3000 rub.
Or reverse the entire erroneous amount and reflect the correct entry:
Debit 44 Credit 60 - -33,000 rub.;
Debit 44 Credit 60 - 30,000 rub.
In both cases, there will be no accounting distortions. But if the accountant does not keep analytical accounting, it will be easier for him to remember the reason for the correction if the entire amount of transactions is reflected in the accounting, and not just the difference.
In addition, to make corrections, you can use reverse entries - the amount previously recorded on the debit side of the account is indicated on the credit side of this account and vice versa:
Debit 44 Credit 60
- 33,000 rub. - the incorrect transaction amount is reflected;
Debit 60 Credit 44
- 3000 rub. - the amount has been corrected.
The final account balances will be correct, but the turnover will double. Therefore, we do not recommend using this correction procedure.
Let us remind you that in any case, when making corrections, you must draw up an accounting certificate in which you indicate the error and justify its correction. The form of the certificate is not unified, but it makes sense to reflect all the mandatory details of the primary document, as well as the information necessary to determine the reasons for the correction: details of payment documents, contracts, settlements (Part 2 of Article 9 of Law No. 402-FZ).

It is impossible to correct mistakes of past years through reversal, if last year's reporting has already been approved

If an accountant has identified an error that was made last year, then the possibility of applying the “red reversal” method depends on whether the reporting for last year or not yet (clauses 5 - 14 PBU 22/2010).
Corrections are not made to the approved reporting, therefore it is impossible to reverse the data in accounting for the previous year (clause 10 of PBU 22/2010). The accountant will correct the erroneously inflated amount of the transaction on the date of discovery of the error with the recognition of profits or losses of previous years or in the accounts of other income or expenses (clauses 9 and 14 of PBU 22/2010).

Note. Errors from previous years cannot be corrected using reversal entries.

Example 1. Let's use the data from the example discussed above.
November 25, 2013
Debit 44 Credit 60
- 33,000 rub. - an error was made in the amount of expenses;
August 15, 2014
Debit 60 Credit 91
- 3000 rub. - other income is reflected in the amount of expenses incorrectly taken into account last year (the error is assessed by the company as insignificant);
August 15, 2014
Debit 60 Credit 84
- 3000 rub. - retained earnings increased (the error is assessed by the company as significant).

Let us remind you that this procedure does not apply in tax accounting. An error discovered last year is corrected in the tax period in which it was made, regardless of the time it was discovered. If expenses were inflated, then an income tax arrears arose. Therefore, it is necessary to submit an updated declaration for this tax (clause 1 of Article 81 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
If VAT was also claimed for deduction on an inflated amount of expenses larger size, then you will also have to submit an updated VAT return.

Note. "Red reversal" does not always mean correcting errors.

Reference. Methods for correcting data in accounting documents
Correction of accounting errors is regulated by Federal Law dated December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ “On Accounting” (hereinafter referred to as Law N 402-FZ) and the Accounting Regulations “Correcting Errors in Accounting and Reporting” (PBU 22/2010).
In order to correct errors, accountants, in addition to the “red reversal” method, have several other methods:
- proofreading method. Used to correct errors in primary documents and accounting registers. The incorrect word or amount is crossed out with a thin line so that the original version can be read, and the correct value is carefully written on top. The correction is certified by the signature of the person responsible for maintaining the register, the date and seal of the organization is affixed (Part 7, Article 9 and Part 8, Article 10 of Law N 402-FZ, Section 4 of the Regulations on Documents and Document Flow in Accounting, approved by the Ministry of Finance USSR 07/29/1983 N 105, and Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 03/31/2009 N 03-07-14/38). Thus, corrections to the accounting registers are made before the totals are calculated. This method is used for “manual” accounting, without the use of computer programs;
- method of additional wiring. It is used when the transaction was not reflected in a timely manner or, with correct correspondence of accounts, the transaction amount turned out to be less than the real one. In this case, an additional accounting entry is made for the amount of the transaction or for the difference between the correct and reflected amounts. At the same time, an accounting certificate is drawn up, which explains the reasons for the correction. Thus, errors identified both in the current and in previous periods are corrected.

Providing retrospective discounts entails reversal of revenue for the seller, the buyer does not change the price of goods

Accountants have to reverse previously carried out transactions not only in case of mistakes, but also when providing discounts based on the results of shipments for the past period. That is, after the seller ships the goods and records the revenue, and the buyer accepts these goods for accounting. At the end of the period, the seller provides a discount on already shipped inventory items (for example, for large volumes of purchases).
According to the accounting rules, revenue is recognized based on all discounts and markups provided to customers (clauses 6 and 6.5 of PBU 9/99 “Organizational Income”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 6, 1999 N 32n).

Example 2. The seller shipped the first batch of goods to the buyer in the amount of 11,800 rubles, including VAT - 1,800 rubles.
Then, within a month, the second batch for 23,600 rubles, including VAT - 3,600 rubles.
At the end of the month, the seller provided a 10% discount on shipped goods:
11,800 rub. + 23,600 rub. = 35,400 rub.;
RUB 35,400 x 10% = 3540 rubles, including VAT - 540 rubles.
The seller does the following in accounting accounting records:
July 15, 2014
Debit 62 Credit 90
- 11,800 rub. - revenue from sales is reflected;
Debit 90 Credit 68
- 1800 rub. - VAT is charged on sales proceeds;
July 25, 2014
Debit 62 Credit 90
- 23,600 rub. - revenue from sales is reflected;
Debit 90 Credit 68
- 3600 rub. - VAT is charged on sales proceeds.

Debit 62 Credit 90
- -3540 rub. - previously recorded revenue was reversed by the amount of the discount;
Debit 90 Credit 68
- -540 rub. - VAT on revenue has been reduced after issuing an adjustment invoice.
When receiving a retrospective discount, the buyer cannot adjust the cost of capitalized goods (clause 12 of PBU 5/01 “Accounting for inventories, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 06/09/2001 N 44n). Therefore, he will reflect the discount as other income, even if it received in the same year as the goods were registered:
July 15, 2014
Debit 41 Credit 60
- 10,000 rub. - purchased goods are reflected;
Debit 19 Credit 60
- 1800 rub. - VAT is reflected on the cost of goods;
Debit 68 Credit 19
- 1800 rub. - subject to deduction of VAT from the cost of goods;
July 25, 2014
Debit 41 Credit 60
- 20,000 rub. - purchased goods are reflected;
Debit 19 Credit 60
- 3600 rub. - VAT is reflected on the cost of goods;
Debit 68 Credit 19
- 3600 rub. - subject to deduction of VAT from the cost of goods.
On August 4, the buyer was given a 10% discount on shipped goods (RUB 3,540):
Debit 60 Credit 91
- 3000 rub. - other income is reflected in the amount of the discount received from the seller.
After receiving a document from the seller about granting a discount or receiving an adjustment invoice, the buyer needs to restore VAT from the cost of goods accepted for deduction:
Debit 19 Credit 60
- 540 rub. - VAT is reflected on the discount amount.

At the same time, the seller reflects the provision of discounts on goods shipped last year in accounting without using reversal entries, but posts them to account 91 “Other income and expenses” (Chart of accounts and Instructions for its use, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 31, 2000 N 94n).

Reversal entries are reflected when returning goods in the same year as the sale

Proceeds from the sale of goods are reflected in the seller’s accounting at the moment of transfer of ownership to the buyer (clause 12 of PBU 9/99). The buyer's right of ownership arises from the moment the goods are transferred to him by the seller - delivery of the goods to the buyer or the carrier (Articles 223 and 224 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
If the buyer returns part of the goods to the seller, this means that ownership has not transferred. Therefore, the seller has no reason to take into account the proceeds from the sale of these goods - he makes adjustments to the accounting.

Note. When the buyer returns goods or provides a retro discount, the seller reverses the proceeds.

In the event of a detected defect, the buyer draws up a report on the established discrepancy in quantity and quality upon acceptance of inventory items, which is the legal basis for filing a claim with the seller. And based on the claim made by the buyer, the seller’s records appear in red ink.

Example 3. On April 25, 2014, LLC "Company 1" shipped LLC "Company 2" freezers in the amount of 3 pieces at a price of 24,780 rubles. per piece (including VAT - 3,780 rubles).
The cost of one camera is 17,000 rubles.
On May 6, 2014, Company 2 LLC sends Company 1 LLC a claim that one of the supplied cameras was defective and returns it.
On the same day the seller lists cash for returned products.
In accounting, the seller makes the following entries:
April 25, 2014
Debit 62 Credit 90
- 74,340 rub. - revenue for sold products is reflected;
Debit 90 Credit 68
- 11,340 rub. - VAT is calculated based on the invoice;
Debit 90 Credit 43
- 51,000 rub. - the cost of goods sold is written off;
May 6, 2014
Debit 62 Credit 90
- -24,780 rub. - previously recorded revenue was reversed;
Debit 90 Credit 43
- -17,000 rub. - the previously written-off cost of sold defective products was adjusted;
Debit 90 Credit 99
206
- -4000 rub. - previously reflected profit from the sale of defective products was adjusted;
Debit 90 Credit 68
- -3780 rub. - claimed VAT deduction on returned products;
Debit 43, 28 Credit 43
- 17,000 rub. - acceptance of products returned by the buyer to the warehouse on the basis of an act;
Debit 62 Credit 51
- 24,780 rub. - money returned for defective products.

Note. When is the red reversal method still used?
Organizations register in accounting policy how they keep records finished products- according to actual cost on account 43 “Finished products” or according to standard cost, when along with account 43 account 40 “Release of finished products” is used. Count 40 is used in small industries and with a small range of products.
At the end of each month, the organization compares the balance of account 40 by debit and credit. The deviation shows the difference between the actual cost and the planned cost. The excess of the standard cost over the actual cost (savings) is reversed to the credit of account 40 and the debit of account 90 “Sales”. Overexpenditure - the excess of actual cost over standard cost - is written off from the credit of account 40 to the debit of account 90 “Sales” by an additional entry.
In addition, “red reversal” entries are constantly found in the accounting of organizations retail, keeping records of sales prices. Such organizations form the selling price of goods based on the price at which they purchased goods from suppliers and the trade margin.
The amounts of trade margins (discounts, markups) on goods sold, released or written off due to natural loss, defects, damage, shortages are reversed by the seller to the credit of account 42 “Trade margin” in correspondence with the debit of account 90 “Sales”.

Read on e.rnk.ru. Order tax accounting buyer discounts and other measures to increase sales
What is the position of departments and courts on the issue of accounting for the costs of displaying goods on the sales floor, sending advertising SMS messages, holding promotions and distributing product samples? Is the provision of goods in exchange for accumulated points considered a gratuitous transfer for income tax purposes?
Read the answers to these questions, as well as about other complex aspects of taxation of discounts on the website e.rnk.ru in the articles “Nuances of accounting for costs of stimulating potential and existing customers” // RNA, 2014, No. 7 and “Retrospective discounts have become safer in compared with the payment of premiums and bonuses to customers" // RNA, 2012, No. 9.

If the goods are returned in the year following the sale, then the seller does not need to reverse the proceeds. In this case, as part of other expenses, it will reflect the loss of previous years identified in the current year (clause 11 of PBU 10/99 “Expenses of the organization”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 05/06/1999 N 33n).

Question: Is there any document defining the use of the “red reversal” method - regulation, rule, etc.? Is it possible to use the “red reversal” method for account 51 “Current account”?

Question: Is there any document defining the use of the “red reversal” method - regulation, rule, etc.?

Is it possible to use the “red reversal” method for account 51 “Current account”?

Answer: It should be noted that at present there is no document defining the use of the “red reversal” method in accounting by an organization, although this term is often used, including in regulations in accounting.

Reversal is a commonly used method of correcting errors in accounting registers by drawing up additional accounting entries with negative numbers. On paper, such a transaction (Dt - Kt - amount) is written in red ink, which is why such an entry is often called a “red reversal”. When calculating the totals in the accounting registers, the amounts written in red ink are subtracted from the account turnover. Typically, reversal is used in accounting to correct errors.

Thus, accounting entries using the “red reversal” method can be made in certain cases, including in account 51 “Current account” (for example, in cases where the entries in account 51 reflected an amount that did not correspond to the bank statement).

S.S. Lysenko

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