Zhostovo painting (master class for teachers).

Bright magnificent flowers: roses, peonies, daisies, forget-me-nots, chrysanthemums and lilies of the valley (it is impossible to list them all), skillfully scattered by the artist’s skillful hand on a dark glossy metal surface - this is the traditional Zhostovo painting on trays. Unique and unparalleled!

The history of ancient Russian crafts goes back almost 2 centuries, and during this time the products of Zhostovo masters not only did not lose their popularity and beauty, but, on the contrary, gained even greater fame throughout the world and were enriched with the innovative ideas of today's young painters.

The origins of Zhostovo crafts

Today, any modern housewife will be happy to receive a real Zhostovo tray as a gift, which can be used not only for its direct utilitarian purpose, but also as an original decoration for the kitchen interior. Women rejoiced in the same way in early XIX c., when they were given such beauty.

But Art began to take shape in Russia at the end of the 18th century. It was from that time that the first trays, boxes, snuff boxes, cigarette cases, all kinds of boxes, etc., painted using the technique of lacquer miniatures, were made in the villages of the Moscow district: Ostashkovo, Troitskoye, Novosiltsevo, Sorokino and Zhostovo.

Gradually, the production of trays emerged as a separate area, and the village of Zhostovo firmly took the leading role in their production. By the way, the first trays were made exclusively from papier-mâché. Now it is difficult for us to imagine a Zhostovo tray made of such material.

Further development of Zhostovo art

In 1825, the workshop of Osip Fillipovich Vishnyakov was opened in Zhostovo. It is from this event that the existence of individual folk gesture crafts is calculated. Of course, this workshop was not the only one. Gradually, other artels were organized: Egor Vishnyakov in the neighboring village of Ostashkovo, A. A. Zaitsev in the Troitsky village. The popularity of their products was enormous! The Zhostovo tray sold well in Moscow, St. Petersburg and other cities.

In 1830, several workshops opened in Zhostovo and neighboring villages, the founders of which were E. F. Belyaev, T. M. Belyaev, F. V. Shapkin, V. L. Leontyev and I. S. Kolomenskoy. Gradually, production expanded, and items for painting began to be made not from papier-mâché, but from a more durable and modern material - iron.

Legendary artists of Zhostovo

Gradually, a new Zhostovo tray, familiar to us all, was born. The story, preserved in regional chronicles, tells how gradually more and more local talented peasants were involved in the work of art workshops. It is surprising how much talent there was among ordinary, uneducated serfs. The first master mentioned in historical document 1839, there was a serf of Count Sheremetyev - Veshnyakov Philip Nikitin, he was engaged in painting trays together with his son. This is how artistic dynasties were born in Zhostovo.

The most famous masters of Zhostovo trays: O. E. Burbyshev (there are legends about this artist in Zhostovo, he was such a virtuoso master), N. M. Tsaplagin, A. E. Vishnyakov, K. V. Gribkov, I. S. Leontyev , D. S. Kledov, P. S. Kurzin, I. A. Savelyev, M. R. Mitrofanov, A. P. Gogin, I. P. Plakhov, B. V. Grafov. All these masters and many others left a deep mark on the art of Zhostovo; it was they who created wonderful works of Zhostovo miniatures, which were included in the golden fund of crafts.

Zhostovo tray - manufacturing technology

The original technology for the production of Zhostovo trays has been polished over many years. Masters have many secrets of their craft that they are not going to share with anyone. So the technology for manufacturing Zhostov’s products can only be described in general terms.

As mentioned above, modern trays are made of iron. They can have the most bizarre shape; it all depends on the artist’s original intention. Before painting, the tray must be carefully sanded and covered with a double layer of soil prepared on the basis of soot and kaolin. After which the workpiece is sanded again and covered with several layers of colored varnish. Moreover, each layer must be well dried and also perfectly polished.

Next, the production of Zhostovo trays moves to the next stage. After all the preparatory work, the product is ready for painting, and further work the master artist begins to work on it. Zhostovo trays are traditionally painted oil paints. After its completion, the product is again varnished in several layers, followed by drying and polishing to give the finished tray an almost mirror-like shine.

Artistic techniques and features of Zhostovo painting

Zhostovo painting has its origins in traditional Russian lacquer miniatures, but, of course, has its own characteristics. The basis can perhaps be called a drawing bright colors on a dark background and design of the composition with gold ornaments. The background of Zhostovo trays is not necessarily black; it can be any color: red, brown, green, blue and ocher. Sometimes there are even compositions made on gold leaf (imitation gold), mother-of-pearl or a light, almost white background, but this is rather a deviation from the rules, dictated by the artist’s imagination.

A gestural tray is usually painted in such a way that in the center of the composition (flower bouquet) are the largest and brightest flowers, which are the main focus. Closer to the edges, the elements of the bouquet become smaller and darker, they seem to merge with the background. This achieves visual depth and volume of the painting. Zhostovo flowers are not painted from life, most often they are conventional, much in their depiction depends on the creative imagination of the master.

Main motives and plots

The main motifs of Zhostovo painting, of course, are all kinds of floral motifs, the variety of which is endless! Zhostovo painting adheres to several traditional types of composition. Flowers can be collected in large bouquets consisting of 3-5 inflorescences, displayed in baskets, or placed in garlands along the entire perimeter of the tray.

Sometimes the painting can be supplemented with images of berries, fruits or birds. There are examples of Zhostovo painting that are similar to ancient precious ones. Despite the fact that the design of plants is quite conventional, there are all the signs of careful elaboration of details, general color, and free improvisation.

Zhostovo trays: how to draw step by step

The entire process of painting a tray can be divided into 4 stages. First, the so-called “painting” is done: a generalized silhouette of the future drawing and the location of the main spots are sketched onto the product with whitened paints.

Next come “shading” and “laying”: applying transparent shadows and marking the lightest places with thick paints. After which the shape of flowers and leaves becomes more defined.

The third stage is highlighting: applying quick whitening strokes. With their help, all volumes are specified.

And finally comes the final 4th stage, at which the “drawing” and “binding” are performed. Using the thinnest brush, the master traces the outline of each leaf and petal with elastic, flexible lines, draws small branches and details, which are called binding.

Prospects for the development of fisheries

Currently, artistic Zhostovo crafts are not experiencing better times. Until the 90s of the last century, the workshops were under the care and financing of the state, after perestroika and collapse Soviet Union The factory passed into private hands. Now profit has become the priority, but not the preservation of traditions and a creative approach to the craft.

The number of artists at the enterprise was significantly reduced. Many craftsmen began to work independently, at home. Many private orders are carried out, tailored not only to the Zhostovo tray. Modern masters often work on painting a variety of objects: from refrigerators and mobile phones to bottles of expensive collectible wine. The influx of talented youth - graduates of the Fedoskino School of Lacquer Miniatures in lately decreased. But nevertheless, the company still lives, works with dedication and faith in the future.

How to get to Zhostovo?

For everyone who wants to get to know the history and art of Zhostovo, the company organizes interesting 5-hour excursions with master classes. There is always a store at the factory where you can buy handicrafts, as they say, “hot, hot.”

Getting from Moscow to Zhostovo is not difficult. You need to cover only 50 km along the Ostashkovskoe highway towards the Mytishchi district. You can also easily get there by train or bus. Another option: from the Medvedkovo metro station to Zhostovo, bus number 438 constantly runs.

Zhostovo painting - Russian folk fine arts, defined in the painting of metal trays. The coloring has something in common with Tagil painting, although, in fact, it is a late branch from it at the beginning of the 19th century.

The first independent workshop was created around 1825 by Osip Vishnyakov in the village of Zhostovo in the Moscow region. He was engaged in the manufacture of trays from papier-mâché and metal using varnishes, and along with him there was a workshop for “remaking trays” by Ivan Mitrofanov. New workshops began to open along the chain. The tray-making craft has had its ups and downs. The fact is that with the advent of Soviet principles, drawings were often subject to simplification, which did not have a very good effect on the works themselves, because the masters were required to repeat the style of the ornament, which was not the principle of this applied arts. Now the situation remains at a stable level.

To this day, mass production of trays painted with this technique is carried out; in modern art, the old traditions of ancient crafts are often supported and developed. It is not surprising that painting of trays from Zhostovo is flourishing, since the painting technique created over the years is truly mesmerizing with three-dimensional masterpieces.

Characteristic signs

Decorative painting of trays with Zhostovo motifs - these are magnificent flower bouquets, most often on a black or red background. The technique is accompanied by complete improvisation, mainly large open flowers and wide leaves. Flowers are not repeated exactly as in nature, but have the basic structure of a natural flower, thereby creating the line between reality and fiction, adding more tenderness and brightness to flower bouquets. Less common, but still found, are birds and animals, as well as silhouettes of dishes and people

In ancient times, gold and silver colors predominated, but now the works have gained bright colors.

Steel is used to make trays. Before painting begins, the product must be prepared for work. Primer is applied to the trays, sanded, and varnished black several times. Each layer is dried.

Techniques for drawing compositions

How do they draw such a miracle? For painting, materials such as oil-based paints, natural brushes, gold paste, a blank metal tray, varnish, linseed oil for correcting mistakes, and related tools are used - a glass for water, a ruler and a palette for mixing paints.

The drawing is applied directly to the background in stages. Compositions can be bouquets or placed along the edges of the tray. How to draw and what colors can you use? IN Zhostovo painting They use many colors, mainly red, pink, blue, green, and white and black will definitely be needed to completely complete the picture, giving volume to the petals.

The first stage of work will be the so-called "painting". Broad strokes of the main colors are used, this is the basis for future flowers and leaves.

Then the shadows are drawn with a brown or darker shade, while on the other side we highlight with a lighter shade. Photo below.

Here are more photos of color options that can be included in your work. The colors are varied by the master, depending on the wishes. The drawing does not end here, there is still a lot of work, because this type The painting should look voluminous and colorful. Subsequently, highlights, shading on the leaves and background, veins and openwork edges are applied. The most important step in the work is "pad": dense corpus writing. The shapes of the bouquet take on flesh, are accentuated, brightened, and a contrasting or more harmonious color structure of the entire composition is realized. With the help of thin strokes, the composition is collected into a single bouquet. At the end of the work, the tray is framed with geometric patterns in gold and white paint.

The style of Zhostovo trays will perfectly complement the kitchen decor, they simply look gorgeous and can be presented as a souvenir to friends from other countries. Setting the table with these trays will add color and warmth to any home. Pictures of trays with red and other backgrounds with a predominance of gold designs.

Brief information

Art of Zhostovo

Zhostovo painting- Russian folk artistic craft, developed in the village of Zhostovo, Mytishchi district, Moscow region.

Originated at the beginning of the 19th century. mainly under the influence of Ural flower painting on metal.

The classic Zhostovo style involves several floral arrangements:

Bouquet in a spread

Wreath

Branch from the corner

Bouquet collected

Masters of Zhostovo use oil paint. Zhostovo equipment There are two types: easel and glaze.

Many people don’t know what Zhostovo is. Nowadays, this art has become modernized and is acquiring non-standard approaches to painting. You can apply the painting anywhere. For example, I did a painting in the Zhostovo style.

It will be stylish, bright and extraordinary. Can you do it to your loved ones? unusual gift with your own hands. I'm sure they will be delighted and even curious about what it is.

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Zhostovo painting technique

We will need:

1) Oil paints

2) Flaxseed oil

3) Pinene (thinner No. 4)

4) Brushes: synthetic round brush (No. 8, No. 10), kolinsky (No. 2)

6) Palette (not paper)

No palette? - use a saucer or ceramic tile.

Before starting work, you should apply a thin layer of Linseed oil on the surface to achieve the best effect!

So, how to draw Zhostovo bouquet?

Zamalevok

Using whitened paints I outline the general silhouette of the composition, the location of the main color spots.

It is very important to decide on the composition first. There must be large flower buds, medium and small ones - these are very important not only to Zhostovo.

If it is difficult to compose a composition yourself, then you can take this one presented by the author as a basis.

Tenyozhka

On dried paintings I apply shadows with glaze paints. This technique immerses the bouquet in the depth of tone, which is very important in further stages.

What are glaze paints?- translucent paints.

Glare

At this stage I add highlights. This brings out volume and light and completes the sculpting of forms.

Drawing

With this technique I quickly and easily outline petals and leaves, seeds in flower cups.

First you can practice on the palette. In any case, you can always wrap a cloth soaked in thinner around the handle of the brush and erase the bad stroke.

This type of painting, named after a village near Moscow, is known throughout the world. Even people far from art will unmistakably distinguish the Zhostovo tray from the variety of folk crafts. Bouquets of flowers, berries and fruits, like an explosion, appear from a dark background, shimmer with many colors and are about to disappear. To catch this beautiful moment and capture it with soft brushes and paints - this is the skill of the artist.

A painted tray stops your gaze for a long time, forcing you to examine each petal, trace the curves of twigs and grass, and guess the graceful figures of birds among the flowers. You can watch the painter’s work endlessly: his hand movements are precise and dexterous, and buds instantly bloom from under his obedient brush. It seems that Zhostovo tray painting is not difficult. And this would indeed be the case if the work were not preceded by years of training and skill development.

A step-by-step description of the work on the painting will help you get acquainted with the creativity of Zhostovo residents. Perhaps it’s hidden in one of the steps main secret skill?

Trays of ordinary shapes (round and rectangular) are made from sheet iron using machines. Sheets are cut, are pressed, then the sides are squeezed out onto them and the sharp edge is carefully bent. When creating unique forms, the manual labor of a farrier is used - a blacksmith who works with cold metal.

The finished trays are sent to the grinding and priming shop, where they are coated with several layers of primer and dried. The primer gives color to the background, most often it is black. Red or green backgrounds look very smart.

Finally , the tray goes to the coloring shop. The artist does not have a model; a Zhostovo bouquet is created only by imagination.

The next stage is ornamentation or “cleaning”. Using a thin brush, the ornament is applied along the edges, which completes the composition. This is done by another master, whose hand is accustomed to fine and precise work.

Finally, the tray is sent to be coated with several layers of special varnish. As a result, it becomes smooth and shiny.

Gallery: flowers from Zhostovo (25 photos)

Gesture painting for children and adults

Having taken your child away from the computer, you must immediately offer him another absorbing activity. Coloring trays, fueled by looking at photographs of finished products, can captivate both a child and an adult drawing enthusiast for a long time.

Making a tray at home is, of course, difficult. But mastering the technique of Zhostovo painting and enjoying creativity is available to everyone. A bright pattern will decorate the cutting board, wooden dishes, Christmas ball or Easter Egg. But you should start with training - drawing on paper.

“Zhostovo painting” coloring book, produced by the book industry, can also be used to teach preschool children. The contours here are already assembled according to the laws of composition or represent individual elements. But you shouldn’t get carried away with it: the principles of coloring contradict the free spirit of the Zhostovo pattern.

Materials and preparation

Train the skills of each step of the work The painting will take a long time, so first the child can use watercolor, gouache and ordinary sketchbooks. Later they switch to silhouettes of trays cut out of black cardboard.

Once the basic elements have been mastered, you can purchase a cutting board or papier-mâché molds onto which the design will be applied. They are bought in art salons or made independently. At the factory in Zhostovo, including via the Internet, you can buy blank trays for painting. A less expensive purchase would be an ordinary galvanized bucket or basin. Fear of ruining expensive products will increase the responsibility of the novice artist before each stroke.

Wooden and paper products are primed special compounds, choosing the background color. Metal objects are degreased, cleaned and coated with metal primer (it is convenient to use black or red aerosols). Used items are especially carefully cleaned, since Zhostovo painting requires a perfectly smooth surface.

Oil paints are used for work; they are recommended to be mixed with glossy varnishes to achieve an expressive image. All you need to do is buy the basic colors:

• red kraplak;
• cobalt blue;
• burnt bone;
• light ocher;
• emerald green;
• titanium white.

Inexpensive kits are suitable for training, but you should know that the properties of oil paints vary greatly depending on the composition. To thin the paint you will need linseed oil or turpentine.

The arrangement of Zhostovo flowers on a household item should correspond to the shape of the vessel being decorated. On a board or bucket you can depict a bouquet, and on the sides of a bowl or plate - an endless garland of flowers.

Zhostovo painting is multi-layered. Applying layers of paint from dark to light creates volume and convexity of the design. Of course, each layer is applied after the previous one has completely dried.

First you should master the basic stages of creating an image:

Analyzing finished goods, you need to pay attention to the composition, basic forms and try to reproduce them in the form of color spots. It is not recommended to make a pencil sketch; sticking to the lines will only harm the work of the imagination.

Elements of Zhostovo painting

Training should begin with simple, one-time strokes (sheet). By connecting three leaves, you get a “trefoil”. Two green strokes and one red make up a bud. The bud is planted on a stem and surrounded by leaves - a “twig” is obtained.

Next lesson master broad strokes, from which large flowers (roses and dahlias) and medium ones (poppies, bells, pansies) are composed.

There is no task to reproduce the flower exactly: the image of plants on the Zhostovo tray is creative, fantasy and only vaguely resembles nature.

Training and application

Having noticed your child’s passion for drawing, you can send him to special Zhostovo painting courses for children. The best of them, including for adults, are held in Zhostovo itself. The scope of knowledge is quite wide. In addition to traditional trays, fabrics, nails, cars are painted in the Zhostovo style, and fashionable designs for kitchen furniture and walls are created.

Folk crafts associated with images flowering plants, symbolize eternal life, resurrection, love and joy. Any dream or wish can be expressed with elements of painting. To the recipient of a Zhostovo bouquet All that remains for the artist to do is to unravel the message written in such an unusual, bright letter.

Zhostovo painting arose in the 18th century in the Urals, where large metallurgical plants in Russia were concentrated at that time, and in the 19th century it spread to the Moscow region, where it received its greatest development. Traditionally, only metal trays are painted in Zhostovo painting, but recently pictures in the Zhostovo style can be found both on metal dishes and on glass, ceramics, leather and even nails.

The main motif of Zhostovo painting is flowers, bouquets of them, branches or wreaths and garlands, mainly on a black or red background. Moreover, the painting is carried out immediately on the tray, without the use of preliminary sketches or templates. We can say that the artist “thinks with a brush”, and quite quickly - a real master manages to paint up to ten trays in a day. Thanks to this, no two trays are alike; each painted item is unique and inimitable.

Let's look at the basics and features of Zhostovo painting

Zhostovo painting is multi-layered, done in several stages with special transparent dyes, as a result of which the lower layers of paint are visible through the upper ones, giving a special effect of glow and depth.

A distinctive feature of the painting is that the flowers and leaves are painted with bright colors - blue, green, red or yellow, and their brightness is further highlighted due to the black background on which the painting is carried out.

The painting itself is done with oil paints, and it does not matter in what form they are produced - in cans or tubes, because in any case they are diluted immediately before painting linseed oil and turpentine to the desired consistency for this. So that the paint does not protrude beyond the surface of the design after varnishing.

For painting, soft squirrel brushes are mainly used, which absorb large number paints and as a result give a long stroke. In this case, an ordinary stone slab is used as a palette for mixing different colors.

There are two types of compositions of Zhostovo painting - if the main composition is located in the center of the tray, then it is an assembled bouquet, and if the elements of the design are located along the edges of the product, then it is a wreath.

Decorative painting in the Zhostovo style is applied in stages and therefore it is very complex and requires not only imagination, but also steadiness of the hand, speed of drawing, as well as knowledge of mixing dyes to obtain the desired result.

Stages of Zhostovo painting.

At this stage, the metal blank is prepared for painting - priming, puttying, grinding and varnishing. They are also determined by the background color - most often it is black, but in some cases it can be white, red, turquoise, silver or any other at the discretion of the artist.

Silhouettes of the elements of the future design are applied to the prepared surface of the tray with diluted paint. After this painting, the tray is dried in the oven for several more hours.

Using translucent paints, colored shadows are applied. This gives volume to the flowers, and the remaining plants show shady places.

At this stage, all the details are clarified, contrast is realized and the structure of the entire composition is harmonized - this is the most important stage of painting.

This stage is called glare, since glare is superimposed on the entire drawing, and the bouquet becomes as if illuminated different sources light with different sides.

To complete the work, the artist uses a special thin brush to apply the finishing touches - the veins on the leaves and the seeds in the center of the flower cups.

This is the penultimate stage of painting the tray. At this stage, blades of grass, leaves and tendrils are drawn in, with the help of which the bouquet becomes part of a single bouquet and connects with the background.

At this stage, the sides of the tray are decorated. Decoration can be with a floral or geometric pattern; without it, the tray looks unfinished. Without any specific “zest”.

As a result of such complex and labor-intensive processes, a truly unique product is born that cannot be repeated, even if it is made by the same master, since this type of painting combines a strict sequence of painting with improvisation of the creative process.

Video on the topic of the article

In conclusion, we invite you to familiarize yourself with the video lessons, from which you can learn how to paint pictures using the Zhostovo painting technique, as well as how to draw unique products for interior decoration and other things in this style.