How animals prepare for winter (conversation). How animals prepare for winter: experiments, stories, poems, speech logic problems, pictures for children Autumn preparation of animals for winter

Autumn is a transitional season from the hot season to the cold season. At this time, dramatic changes occur in nature: the air temperature drops and daylight hours are shortened, leaves fall and the grass turns yellow, people migrate migratory birds And bats, insects and animals are preparing for winter. Those species of fauna that remain in temperate latitudes for the winter, behave differently:

• fish descend to great depths in wintering pits;
• newts crawl out of ponds onto land, hide under leaves, in the ground or in burrows;
• toads make places for themselves in the layer of silt;
• insects huddle in tree hollows and hide under the bark;
• some types of butterflies fly to warm regions.

Of greatest interest is how animals prepare for winter.

Hibernation and color change

Depending on the species, different animals prepare for winter in their own way. Some of them hibernate:

• bears;
• badgers;
• Sony;
• marmots;
• raccoons;
• bats;
• chipmunks, etc.

Many animals change color for the winter. So stoats, tundra partridges, reindeer, hares and arctic foxes turn white in winter, so they blend into the landscape, which allows them to hide from predators. Sometimes it happens that closely related species do not change colors equally. It also depends on geographical latitude. They and the same representatives can change color differently if seasonal changes and living conditions of a particular area require it.

Nutrient reserves for the winter

Many species of animals store food supplies for the winter. Mice and hamsters, voles and other rodents collect crops. Squirrels collect mushrooms, acorns and nuts. Chipmunks store pine nuts and seeds for the winter. Rodents such as haymakers store haystacks for the winter, in which various herbs are collected and neatly folded.

Predatory animals also store food for the winter. Stoats and weasels collect 2-3 dozen mice in their holes. Black hori stock up large number. For food, minks prepare themselves several kilograms different fish. Bears, wolverines and martens hide food in tree branches, rocks and burrows, depending on their wintering areas.

All representatives of the animal world prepare for the onset of frost in the fall. Some accumulate fat and fall into prolonged sleep, others store food in minks, and still others change the cold climate to a warm and favorable one. Each type of fauna has its own adaptations that allow them to adapt to harsh conditions and survive.

This is the body’s reaction to temperature changes; in other words, it is a way of survival, characterized by a decrease in body temperature and a reduction in heart rate.

In preparation for sleep, animals store up fat and prepare a shelter that is well protected from predators. During hibernation, an animal's body temperature can drop 10 times its normal temperature. So, for example, the temperature of a dormouse (a small rodent) drops from 38 degrees to 3.7. The heart slows down to 3 - 5 beats per minute, and in California ground squirrels it can even drop to one beat. Breathing decreases 10 times. In general, all body activity is reduced to a minimum.

Related materials:

Tits and people

Hibernation in cold-blooded animals (snakes, frogs, lizards)

The most amazing preparation for hibernation occurs in cold-blooded animals. As the body cools, ice forms in their organs. This is very strange, because the animal can die from dehydration, or burst from the ice piercing them. However, the American wood frog does an excellent job of this: it fills its body with glycogen, which guarantees the safety of its organs. In the spring, the frog simply thaws and uses glucose (which is obtained from glycogen) into energy. But some amphibians survive the winter at the bottom of reservoirs, burrowing into or breathing through their skin.

Interesting fact: Snakes, turtles, lizards and frogs can be put into hibernation on their own. You just need to lower the temperature and change the light mode.

Hibernation of Arctic ground squirrel, prairie dog and bear

Arctic green squirrel

But the hibernation of the ground squirrel, prairie dog and bear is not considered hibernation. You can call it a "nap" as they can be easily woken up. Yes, all the vital functions of their body also slow down, but at the level of ordinary sleep. It is clear that fat and food reserves are the key to the survival of these animals during hibernation. A bear can consume up to 20,000 calories in one day and accumulate about 15 cm of fat over the summer. It would seem that what could disturb him in winter?

Late autumn. Wild animals are preparing for winter.

Children should know:

Names of wild animals in our forests: bear, wolf, elk, wild boar, badger, beaver, fox, hare, squirrel, hedgehog, lynx;
- that wild animals get their own food, build their own homes;
- what is the name of the home of a bear (den), wolf (den), fox (hole), squirrel (hollow);
- which other animals live in minks (hares, moles, mice, gophers, hamsters);
- which of the animals changes the color of their fur coat (hare, squirrel), horns (elk, deer);
- distinguish between the names of body parts of animals and humans.

Extension vocabulary children:

Nouns: bear, wolf, fox, hare, hedgehog, elk, deer, wild boar, badger, lynx, squirrel, den, lair, hole, hollow, wool, skin, predators;

Adjectives: shaggy, shaggy, fluffy, strong, cunning, prickly, fast, dexterous, brown, toothy, clumsy, club-footed, timid, long-eared;

Verbs: hunts, sneaks, howls, gets scared, jumps, waddles, cunning, tracks, stores, digs, hibernates, lies down, hibernates.

Conversation "How wild animals"We're getting ready for winter."

Winter will come soon. The animals of the forest have the hardest time. They are preparing to face winter. Some animals will sleep peacefully in their houses all winter. Who is this? Bear and hedgehog. Three months is a very long time, so now these animals must eat well and accumulate a lot of fat so as not to freeze and not get hungry until spring. They insulate their houses.

Where will the hedgehog hide? In the hole.

Where will the bear sleep? In the den.

But there are animals that do not have a house and will run through the forest all winter, looking for food.

The hare changes his summer coat to a winter one. It is not only warmer, but also a different color.

Which one? - Why white?
- From whom do his long legs and white fur save the hare? From the fox and the wolf.

This beasts of prey. If they catch a hare, it won't be good for him. The fox has a home - a hole, where she can hide from the winter cold, and the wolf has a wolf's lair.

Do foxes and wolves need to change their fur coats to new winter ones? Of course it is necessary.
After all, in the summer you and I wear light clothes so that it is not hot, and in the winter we put on warmer ones, so the animals also have to change clothes.
This does not mean that they take off their skins and put on new ones, they just grow different, warmer fur. This period in the life of animals is called molting.

Another small furry forest dweller who changes the color of his coat for winter.
The squirrel was red all summer, but by winter it turns gray.

Where does the squirrel live? In the hollow.
-How did she prepare for winter?
All summer and autumn she collected mushrooms and berries and hid them in various places. In winter, she looks for her reserves, but, unfortunately, does not always find them. But in the place where the cones or nuts were hidden, a small sprout may appear in the spring and in a few years a new tree or bush will grow here.

But this handsome forest man wears a beautiful decoration on his head.
- Who is this? Elk.
- What does elk eat? Plants.
-Are there many plants in the forest in winter?
There are many trees and bushes in the forest. This big beast eats their bark. Does he need much for food? Many. Therefore, forest rangers feed these beautiful animals so that they can survive the winter. A forester is a person who monitors the safety of the forest.

Didactic exercise "One-many" (education plural nouns):

Fox is a fox.
Hedgehog - hedgehog.
Squirrel is protein.
Hare - hares.
Wolf - wolves.
Elk - moose.
Boar - boars.

Didactic exercise “Call it affectionately” (formation of nouns with diminutive suffixes in singular and plural):

Squirrel is a squirrel.
Fox is a fox.
Hare - bunny, little bunny.
Squirrel is a baby squirrel.
Bear is a bear cub.
Wolf is a wolf cub.

Didactic exercise "Count to Five"(agreement of nouns with numerals):

One rabbit, two birds, three birds, four birds, five birds.
One fox, ..., five foxes.
One wolf, ..., five wolves.
One bear, ..., five bears.
One squirrel, ..., five squirrels.

Didactic game "Whose? Whose? Whose? Whose?"

Fox tail - fox tail.
Bear paw - bear paw.
Wolf teeth - wolf teeth.
Hedgehog needles - hedgehog needles.

Whose footprint? - fox, wolf, bear, hare, squirrel.
Whose ears? - fox, wolf, bear, hare, squirrel.
Whose head? - fox, wolf, bear, hare, squirrel.

Didactic exercise "Pick up definitions" :

Wolf (what?) – gray, toothy, scary, ...
Bear (what kind?) – brown, club-footed, clumsy, ...
Fox (what kind?) - cunning, fluffy, red, ...
Hedgehog (what?) – prickly, small, ...
Hare (which one?) – long-eared, timid, cowardly, small,

Didactic game "Who lives where?" (use nominative case noun-x):

There lives (who?) a bear in the den.
Living in the hole (who?) is a fox.
There lives (who?) a wolf in the lair.
Living in a hole (who?) is a hedgehog.
In the hollow lives (who?) a squirrel.

Didactic exercise "Compare animals with people."

Man has a mouth, and animals have a mouth.
A person has a face, and animals have a muzzle.
Humans have teeth, and animals have fangs.
A person has a belly, and animals have a belly.
Humans have nails, and animals have claws.
Humans have hands, and animals have paws.

Didactic game “Name the family” (word formation exercise):

Dad is a bear, mom is a bear, cub(s) is a bear cub(s).

The father is a wolf, the mother is a she-wolf, the cub(s) are a wolf cub(s).

The father is a fox, the mother is a fox, the cub(s) are a fox cub.

Dad is a hare, mother is a hare, baby(s) is a hare(s).

The fox barks.
The bear growls.
The wolf howls.
Hedgehog - snorts, etc.

Didactic exercise "What's extra and why?"

Squirrel, fox, cow, wolf (cow, since the rest are wild animals).
Hedgehog, bear, hare, dog (dog, since the rest are wild animals).
Hare, dog, cow, cat (hare, since the rest are domestic animals).
Fox, cat, hare, wolf (cat, since the rest are wild animals).
Horse, bear, goat, dog (bear, since the rest are domestic animals).

Game "Who will we give what?"

Meat for the wolf.
Malina -...
Honey -...
Carrot -...
Apple - ...
Nuts -...
Mushrooms - ... etc.

Game "Who has who?"

The bear has cubs.
The fox has...
The wolf has...
The hare has...
The hedgehog has...
The squirrel has ... etc.

Class. Reading Bianchi's "How Animals Prepare for Winter."

1.Introduce children to the work.

2. To consolidate children’s knowledge about wild animals;

3. Teach children to think logically, pose questions, and make correct conclusions;

4.Develop children’s speech activity, creative imagination, observation, and ingenuity; cultivate an interest in nature.

Material: paintings depicting animals.

Progress of the lesson.

Introductory conversation. Riddles

The teacher makes riddles about wild animals.

A little ball of fur was meandering in the forest, making the animals laugh. And you take it and guess who made everyone laugh? Of course,….(BUNNY)

There is a mighty beast in the forests, believe me, son! He eats raspberries and loves honey. Who can name him for me? (BEAR)

I once saw a dark red beauty in the forest. She was jumping along the branches, apparently looking for pine cones there. (SQUIRREL)

My ears on the top of my head: Long, large, So that I could hear the fox Even if I’m not quiet. (HARE)

She is very cunning: She ate a bun in a fairy tale, she steals chickens and roosters. Who is ready to name her? (FOX)

What time of year is it now? Autumn.

Name the signs of autumn. (It’s cold outside, the sun is weak, it rains often, the leaves on the trees turn yellow and fall, people put on warm clothes, birds fly to warmer climes, animals prepare for winter).

Let's remember how animals prepare for winter.

How does a hare prepare for winter? Changes his gray fur coat to a white one.

How does a bear prepare for winter? He goes to bed in the den.

How does a squirrel prepare for winter? Prepares supplies of nuts, mushrooms, berries.

How does a hedgehog prepare for winter?

Emotional gymnastics “Turn around yourself and turn into a beast.”

Children depict animal behavior: an angry, angry wolf, a cowardly bunny, sly fox, alarmed squirrel.

Invite the children to listen to Bianchi's work.

"How animals prepare for winter." - V. BIANCHI

In the forest, everyone prepares for winter in their own way.

Those who could, flew away from hunger and cold on wings. Those who remained are in a hurry to fill their pantries, preparing food supplies for future use.

Short-tailed field mice carry it around especially diligently. Many of them have dug winter holes for themselves right under the stacks of grain and steal grain every night.

Five or six paths lead to the hole, each path leading to its own entrance. Underground there is a bedroom and several storage rooms.

In winter, voles go to sleep only in the most severe frosts.

Belkina drying room.

The squirrel took one of its round nests in the trees for storage. Here she has stacked hazelnuts and cones. In addition, the squirrel collects mushrooms - butterworts and birch mushrooms. She places them on broken branches of pine trees and dries them for future use. In winter, she will wander through the branches of trees and eat dried mushrooms.

They are hiding.

It's getting cold, cold! The water in the pond freezes.

The tailed newt left the pond and entered the forest and hid under the bark of a rotten stump.

Frogs dive and hide in the mud. Snakes burrow under roots and moss.

I'm getting hungry, hungry!

Bats hide in hollows, caves, and attics. They have nothing left to eat; the butterflies, flies, and mosquitoes have disappeared.

An overweight badger leaves his warm and clean hole less and less often.

Ants clog the entrances and exits of their high city. They huddle in heaps in the very depths of it, where it is warmer.

Fish flock in schools in pools and deep underwater holes.

The frost is not great, but it does not tell you to yawn - as soon as winter strikes, it will bind the earth and water with ice. Where will you go then?

What does the work say?

How do animals prepare for winter?

Which of the animals stores supplies?

Which forest inhabitants hibernate?

Didactic game “What has changed?” (several animals are exhibited; one is removed)

Summing up the lesson.

I have always been interested in how animals live at one time or another of the year. It is clear that they are forced to adapt to the conditions all their lives. weather conditions. I had to read a lot of books before I found out how animals prepare for winter.

How animals prepare for winter

In order not to go hungry winter time years, many the animals begin to stockpile food for themselves. Preparations begin in the fall. Some animals hide food starting in the summer. The first to make “nest eggs” is:

• mice;
• chipmunks;
• grandmas.

These rodents begin to hide in advance nuts and seeds in mink, which they are looking for in the forest. This will allow them not to leave their homes in winter. When it gets very cold, the animals begin to sleep. They interrupt their sleep only for a small snack.

Squirrels don't hibernate, but still carefully prepare for frost, stocking up on:

• acorns;
• mushrooms;
• nuts;
• seeds.

They spend most of the winter in hollows that are located high in the tree. Squirrels Necessarily insulate your home with the help of moss, because they do not tolerate frosty days very well.

The beaver has a waterproof coat, so he spends the winter in the water. He prepares his own housing in advance, which will be at the water level or slightly lower. Their shelters are very strong.

Badgers do not tolerate frost very well, so be sure to prepare a warm hole in order to survive. They begin to stockpile food in the fall so as not to starve.

How larger animals prepare for winter

The fox's metabolism begins to slow down because it becomes very difficult for her to find food for herself. Exactly subcutaneous fat begins to nourish and warm the animal’s body. The fox's paws are covered thick hair, which protects from severe frosts.

The wolf does not require any special conditions in order to survive the winter. He moves through the snow without problems, continuing to hunt. In winter they live in flocks to make it easier to survive.

Bears looking for a secluded place to build themselves den, which will serve as their home during cold weather. They prepare for winter in advance, insulating not only their homes, but also storing subcutaneous fat.