Download the presentation about holidays on the Black Sea. Presentation on the topic "Black Sea"

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Area, depth and length of the Black Sea coastline

• The area of ​​the Black Sea is 422,000 km² (according to other sources - 436,400 km²). The outline of the Black Sea resembles an oval with the longest axis about 1150 km. The greatest length of the sea from north to south is 580 km. Greatest depth- 2210 m, average - 1240 m. The volume of water in the sea is 555 thousand km3
• The area of ​​the Sea of ​​Azov is 38 thousand km2, maximum depth is 14 m, average depth is 8 m.

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Black Sea

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Salinity of the Black Sea

• The salinity of the Black Sea is not high compared to other seas and oceans. In the surface layer there are only 18 grams of salts per 1 thousand grams of water. For comparison, in Atlantic Ocean this is 35 grams of salt, and in the Red Sea - 39 grams of salt.
• In the north-west of the Black Sea, the water has an even lower salinity, only 13 grams of salt per 1 thousand grams of sea water.

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Depths

• Greatest depth: 2210 m
• Average depth: 1240 m
• In the depths of the Black Sea, below 200 meters, there is no oxygen at all, and only anaerobic saprotrophic bacteria live there, continuing the decomposition of the remains of living things sinking from the upper layer of the sea.

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Black Sea

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Flora and fauna of the Black Sea

In total, there are more than 660 species of plants and 2000 species of fauna in the Black Sea. The resources of the Black Sea, namely anchovy, horse mackerel, sprat, mullet, flounder, mackerel, etc., algae and invertebrates (mussels, shrimp, oysters) are of industrial importance. Every year the sea produces up to 300 thousand tons biological resources. Industrial reserves of flammable gas and oil have been explored here.

History of the name of the Black Sea Ancient Rus' In the 26th century, the name “Russian Sea” was found in chronicles; in some sources, the sea is called “Scythian”. Modern name“Black Sea” has found its corresponding reflection in most languages: Bulgarian. Black Sea, Ukrainian Chorne More, etc. There are a number of hypotheses regarding the reasons for this name. The Turks and other conquerors who tried to conquer the population of the sea coast met fierce resistance from the Circassians, Circassians and other tribes, for which they called the Karaden-Giz Sea the Black, inhospitable. But in Turkey there is another legend, according to which a heroic sword rests in the waters of the Black Sea, which was thrown there at the request of the dying wizard Ali. Because of this, the sea is agitated, trying to throw out deadly weapons from its depths, and turns black.

Another reason may be the fact that during storms the water in the sea becomes very dark. However, storms in the Black Sea are not too frequent, and the water darkens during storms in all the seas of the earth. Another hypothesis about the origin of the name is based on the fact that metal objects (for example, anchors) lowered into sea water deeper than 150 m at long time, became covered with a black coating due to the action of hydrogen sulfide. Another hypothesis is related to the “color” designation of the cardinal directions adopted in a number of Asian countries, where “black” denoted the north, respectively, the Black Sea and the northern sea.

The greatest length of the Black Sea in the direction from east to west is kilometers; greatest extent from north to south kilometers; Average depth – 1315m Maximum depth – 2210m

Near the very water level, in heavily surfed areas, pink, lime-impregnated, coralline algae is often found, which has the appearance of bare, highly branched, very fragile bushes. Near the very water level, in heavily surfed areas, pink, lime-impregnated, coralline algae is often found, which has the appearance of bare, highly branched, very fragile bushes. In addition to these algae, there are many other species seaweed. Almost all algae of the Black Sea require solid support; on soft sand and silt they are relatively very rare and in most cases are attached to mollusks living in the sand and silt, to living or dead ones, or to random stones. In addition to these algae, there are many other types of seaweed. Almost all algae of the Black Sea require solid support; on soft sand and silt they are relatively very rare and in most cases are attached to mollusks living in the sand and silt, to living or dead ones, or to random stones. Some algae, especially in winter and spring, rise to the rocks relatively high above the water level and are content to be occasionally washed over by waves or even just wetted by splashes from waves. Some algae, especially in winter and spring, rise to the rocks relatively high above the water level and are content to be occasionally washed over by waves or even just wetted by splashes from waves.

In the Black Sea, as well as in other seas, you can easily observe jellyfish, which can move from place to place. In the Black Sea, as well as in other seas, you can easily observe jellyfish, which can move from place to place. The body of a jellyfish contains a huge amount of water. If you take a jellyfish, the composition of the body of a jellyfish includes a huge amount of water. If you take a jellyfish, which sometimes can hardly fit in a bucket, and put it on a sheet of paper in the sun, then after a while only a film will remain on the sheet, since the water, which contains up to 95% of the body of the jellyfish, will evaporate.

In Black and Seas of Azov, together, there are up to 134 species of fish, and 4 or 5 species of mammals, including 3 or 4 species of dolphins and seals. In the Black and Azov Seas, together, there are up to 134 species of fish, and 4 or 5 species of mammals, including 3 or 4 species of dolphins and seals. In the Black Sea itself, up to 20 species of fish are of great commercial importance. In the Black Sea itself, up to 20 species of fish are of great commercial importance.

In terms of fishing, in terms of the number of fish caught and profitability, the Black Sea, together with the Azov Sea, of all fishing areas European Russia takes second place. In terms of fishing, in terms of the number of fish caught and profitability, the Black Sea, together with the Azov Sea, ranks second among all fishing areas of European Russia.

Sultanka or barbunya is highly valued for its taste; The ancient Romans paid absolutely incredible sums for large sultans. In summer it is caught on all banks. Sultanka or barbunya is highly valued for its taste; The ancient Romans paid absolutely incredible sums for large sultans. In summer it is caught on all banks.

The acanthias shark living in the Black Sea does not pose a danger to humans; she gets caught with sturgeon fish on hooks and in Sevastopol, used as food. Rays, related to sharks, sea ​​cat And sea ​​fox, despite their edibility, are not used as food in our country. In addition to fish, mammals are also inextricably linked with the sea: seals and three or four species of dolphins. Dolphins are, of course, true mammals, since they feed their young, which they usually have one at a time, with milk and breathe with lungs, not gills. They feed on fish. Unlike seals, dolphins are absolutely unable to get onto land, and once they get on it they die from hunger and disturbance. mutual relationship organs, since their body is built to be supported by water. Newborn dolphins are forced to start swimming immediately and therefore they will be born very large, in some species even longer than half the mother’s height. Dolphins swim very quickly.

A natural disaster in November caused environmental disaster in the Azov and Black Seas. A natural disaster in November caused an environmental disaster in the Azov and Black Seas. One autumn day due to strong storm Four ships sank, six more ran aground, two tankers were damaged, and one barge is adrift. One autumn day, due to a strong storm, four ships sank, six more ran aground, two tankers were damaged, and one barge was adrift. As a result, about 6,800 tons of sulfur and about 1,300 tons of oil got into the water. As a result, about 6,800 tons of sulfur and about 1,300 tons of oil got into the water. According to the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations, the wind raged here at a speed of more than 32 meters per second, and the sea state was 67 points. According to the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations, the wind raged here at a speed of more than 32 meters per second, and the sea state was 67 points.

High mountains protect a narrow strip of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus from cold winds from the north. The sun rises high above the horizon here. Even in winter, its rays heat the surface of the earth so much that the air temperature remains above zero. At a time when frosts are raging in the north and snowstorms are raging, roses are blooming in the local gardens.

The sea has a great influence on the weather of the Black Sea coast. How beautiful you are, O night sea, - Here it is radiant, there it is bluish-dark... In the moonlight, as if alive, It walks and breathes, and it shines. In the endless, free expanse, Shine and movement, roar and thunder... The sea is bathed in dim radiance, How good you are in the solitude of the night! (Tyutchev F.I.)

Indeed, it warms in winter and moderates the heat in summer. A lot of water evaporates from the surface of the sea. Water vapor rises and is carried by winds to the mountain slopes. Here it cools and turns into powerful clouds, from which heavy precipitation falls. Warmth and moisture create favorable conditions for the development of lush vegetation. Evergreens grow here.

What does the word “subtropics” mean? Translated from Latin, the prefix “sub” means “under”. The subtropics are the areas below the tropics. More precisely, close tropical zone. Subtropical zone located south of Russia, and here on Black Sea coast, - just a small piece. So we have to find out what are distinctive features flora of the subtropics.

Favorable conditions– warmth and moisture – allow growth tall trees with large leaves (beech, oak, chestnut) Beech reaches a height of meters. its trunk is smooth, the leaves have the shape of an oblong ellipse, the fruits are nuts, but they cannot be eaten. Beech lives up to 500 years.

Dolphins are toothed whales, only much smaller. These are the smartest sea animals, they are excellent swimmers. Dolphins never leave their relatives in the white: they support the wounded and sick on the surface so that he can breathe, and help him swim. Dolphins navigate and communicate with each other using sound signals.

Sochi created national park to save unique nature. The plants of these places are listed in the Red Book of Russia (colchis broom, Colchis boxwood, yew berry)