What will happen to the earth in a black hole. What happens if you fall into a black hole

Black holes enjoy enduring popularity in modern culture. It is unlikely that any other type of space object (except asteroids and meteorites, of course) attracts such a number of researchers and those simply interested in space. Interest in black holes is fueled by both the hadron collider and the recent discovery of gravitational waves.

Just in connection with the latest discovery, it can be argued that black holes still exist. This means that we may well meet with them. Astrophysicist Kevin Pimbblet from the University of Hull in the UK explained what would happen if our planet began to fall into a black hole. According to Pimblett, there are several scenarios for the development of events.

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The most interesting and difficult to imagine and understand scenario was the one called “spaghettification.” Let's take a closer look at this process.

The part of our planet that is closest to black hole, will be attracted somewhat faster. So the substance will gradually begin to flow in a thin stream towards the black hole, becoming thinner and longer. As a result, the Earth will take the form of an infinitely long thread, which will disappear from view at the boundary of the event horizon. The same thing will happen with all objects on the planet. And only then, after a sufficiently long time, the black hole will suck in all the matter that makes up the Earth.

How the human senses will work at this time is unknown. It is quite possible that when falling into a black hole, earthlings will not notice anything unusual. At least if it is a very large black hole - that’s how the physics of the event horizon works.

Another scenario involves a less original and more unambiguous development of events. If the black hole is located in the center of the quasar, the planet will be burned on the way. And talk about any unique physical processes in this case it is not necessary.

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Well last scenario, proposed by Pimbblet, seems completely fantastic. According to the scientist, there is some probability that as a result of the attraction of the Earth by a black hole, the planet will not disappear forever. No, the planet we know will be destroyed. But instead of it, a certain “hologram” will appear, an inaccurate copy.

Unfortunately, all options are now unconfirmed hypotheses. We know too little about black holes. Thanks to research conducted with the giant LIGO interferometer, we only know that they exist. But what is in a black hole, beyond the event horizon, and whether the human brain operating in three-dimensional space can imagine it remains one of the most interesting riddles modern science.

The danger to Earth comes from the star Betelgeuse, which can turn into a black hole after an explosion.

Betelgeuse is one of the most big stars in the Universe, which is a red giant. The diameter of Betelgeuse is 1000 times the diameter of the Sun. Its radiance attracts the attention of professional astronomers and amateurs, but now its light is no longer so pleasing to observers, since the star began to represent real threat for the inhabitants of the Earth. The point is that in lately Betelgeuse sharply accelerated its rotation. According to astronomical laws, this foreshadows its imminent transformation into a supernova, which scientists initially expected as important event in astronomy. But, having calculated the potential consequences, they were horrified - a possible supernova explosion of such a scale could easily lead to its subsequent transformation into a black hole. In this case, our planet will face a very sad prospect: after a supernova explosion, two Suns will be visible in the sky at once, after which a wave of intense radiation will follow, and then a black hole will swallow the Earth in one moment.

Now astronomers are closely monitoring changes in the “behavior” of Betelgeuse; for this they use specially created infrared telescopes, with which they can observe the giant stars. Of particular concern is the speed of the supergiant, which already exceeds what it should be by 150 times. The outer layers of Betelgeuse move very quickly - 15 m/s. Usually stars of this scale slow down their rotation, increasing in diameter, but Betelgeuse still lives according to some of its own laws, unknown to modern science.

This supergiant brighter than the sun 80-100 thousand times, and the weight of Betelgeuse is 13-17 times the mass of the Sun. But its atmosphere is more rarefied and the density is lower. The Earth is separated from the star by about 500-640 light years. Betelgeuse is considered a semi-regular variable star, due to the fact that its size and luminosity can change with different periods. The star has a reddish color due to the fact that its surface temperature reaches 3326.85 degrees Celsius. Compared to the temperature of the Sun - 5504 degrees on the same scale, Betelgeuse has a much colder upper atmosphere, which is why its hue is different from the yellow of the sun.

Betelgeuse is a fairly young star by astronomical standards, its age is about 10 million years. Whereas the same Sun has existed for about 5 billion years (this is approximately half of its allotted “life”). The explosion of Betelgeuse in the form of a class II supernova is predicted by scientists as a result of the burning of carbon in its core, which is considered one of last stages existence of a star. A supernova explosion, according to scientists, can occur in the next few centuries, and, given the global acceleration of the star in recent times, at any moment. Of course, this will be a massive spectacle, the star is expected to be visible even during the day, and along with the Sun, it will be the second brightest object in the sky. Such a bright glow will continue for more than one week, during which time Betelgeuse will release as much energy as our star can release in its entire life. But further process is still in question and scientists cannot calculate it: maybe in the place of the star there will only be a nebula with neutron star or a black hole inside, similar, for example, to the Crab Nebula.

Some scientists suggest that Betelgeuse will not explode, but will simply become a white dwarf, shedding its outer layers of atmosphere and leaving only a dense core (most likely consisting of oxygen and neon). So far, the star is losing the bulk of matter from its surface, which is why a giant cloud of gas and dust is forming around it. These gas nebulae are clearly visible in recent photographs of the star. Regarding the plume of gas that surrounds the star, experts have not yet reached a consensus - it is possible that this is a substance that is not related to the supergiant, then Betelgeuse will only have to collide with it in the future. But, most likely, the trail is still the “property” of the star, and means its imminent death. Betelgeuse passes through the interstellar stream flowing from Orion's belt at a speed of 11 km/s. The star itself moves at a speed of 30 km/s, producing solar wind. An analysis of observations of Betelgeuse suggests that over the past decade its surface has become significantly smaller, but its luminosity has remained at the same level. Scientists cannot yet find an explanation for this phenomenon.

The star loses mass, throwing out its matter in the form of giant jets that shoot from its surface and the same huge bubbles that cover top layer planets are like a boiling cauldron. The ejected material, according to scientists, is silicon and aluminum dust. It is worth noting that from the same building material At one time the Earth was formed.
Although, regarding the reduction in the surface of the star, astronomers suggest that this statement may not be entirely true, since observers can take a moving dense layer of molecular gas as the true diameter of the star, which gives the impression of a change in the size of Betelgeuse itself.
By the way, a supernova explosion in our galaxy can be observed approximately once every few thousand years.

Juric.P/Depositphotos.com

The most interesting and difficult to imagine and understand scenario was the one called “spaghettification.” Let's take a closer look at this process.

The part of our planet that is closer to the black hole will be attracted somewhat faster. So the substance will gradually begin to flow in a thin stream towards the black hole, becoming thinner and longer. As a result, the Earth will take the form of an infinitely long thread, which will disappear from view at the boundary of the event horizon. The same thing will happen with all objects on the planet. And only then, after a sufficiently long time, the black hole will suck in all the matter that makes up the Earth.

Another scenario involves a less original and more unambiguous development of events. If the black hole is located in the center of the quasar, the planet will be burned on the way. And there is no need to talk about any unique physical processes in this case.

Alexmit/Depositphotos.com

Well, the last scenario proposed by Pimblett seems completely fantastic. According to the scientist, there is some probability that as a result of the attraction of the Earth by a black hole, the planet will not disappear forever. No, the planet we know will be destroyed. But instead of it, a certain “hologram” will appear, an inaccurate copy.

Almost every day our planet is predicted to have several “apocalypses” at once - from destruction through nuclear war until global famine, no less global warming(although something completely different is observed so far) and so on. An important place in these doomsday predictions is occupied by the “threat from space,” in particular from the action of black holes.

According to various scientists and not only them, an asteroid, the Moon, a comet may fall on us, another planet will collide with us, and so on. Some of these forecasts are even conditionally realistic - after all, objects in the Universe do tend to collide, they are constantly in motion, and an asteroid, for example, actually fell on our planet at one time.

However, the time frame of all these catastrophes is greatly exaggerated - if the Earth collides with something, it will certainly not be in ten years or even a hundred, as is actively predicted, but at least in a couple of thousand years, or even in millions or billions. After all, the distances between objects in the Universe are enormous, so in order for something to fall on us, it first needs to get to us, and also plan its course in order to get exactly to Earth, and this is enough in mind The small volume of our planet compared to others, as well as being around many other planets and stars, is extremely difficult. An asteroid can fly towards Earth, but it can also fly past us, as has often happened.

In addition to the phenomenal prediction of the “fall” of almost the entire cosmos on our home planet, apocalypse lovers also predict the end of the world due to the fact that the Earth can be pulled into a black hole. First of all, it is worth noting: if a black hole, at least theoretically, gets to us, then this will happen no earlier than in two thousand years, if not in millions.

What is a black hole anyway? This is a region of space and time that has an incredible gravitational attraction, from which, once pulled in, nothing can escape. Although gravity is related to physics, it is believed that no laws apply inside this thing.

If we theoretically assume that a person falls inside the hole, then he will not be torn into small pieces or even crushed, as one might assume. It is believed that the space in this thing is so distorted that two realities can exist. In one you will burn on the spot, and in the other you will penetrate deep into the black hole in good health.

In theory, a black hole could be the outcome of any massive star. That is, in due time even our Sun can turn into it. However, to do this, it must first cool completely, become a white dwarf, then explode, form a supernova - and the remnant of this supernova collapses into a black hole. However, it is not a fact that the Sun will turn into this hole at all - scientists have doubts whether our star even has enough mass to stop. Perhaps everything will end only on a white dwarf. However, even if it doesn’t end, this will no longer threaten the Earth - according to the most likely forecasts, our planet will burn up when the Sun gets very hot and increases in size, and this will generally happen in several billion years. Accordingly, the white dwarf will occur even later. Thus, the Sun, as the nearest theoretical black hole, definitely does not threaten humanity.

Could closer black holes that currently exist threaten them? It can be said with a high degree of probability that there is no such threat. Even from the asteroids described above, the Earth has a greater chance of dying.

The fact is that a black hole is an incredibly massive object. It is larger than most stars, even the largest ones. In order to suck anything into itself at all, this cosmic natural colossus needs to at least get closer, but there is no way to do this unnoticed. Moreover, you also need to manage to influence what needs to be sucked in, influencing through gravity, so that the object can be attracted, and objects are not simply selected, like goods in a store. The black hole grabs everything into itself at once, reaching out to what is, in fact, closer.

Our solar system is far from adjacent to a black hole. The closest of these giant gravitational bending things is located in the center of our Milky Way, that is, our Galaxy. Actually, this is the case in most galaxies, and, what is most characteristic, everything revolves around the black hole, wandering around it, only at a certain distance.

The sun also revolves around this hole, but our star makes even one full revolution in 250 million years, given the speed of 220 kilometers per second. For comparison, the Earth is composed of solar system managed to cover this distance only 25-30 times during its entire existence. As you can understand, this is due to the fact that the Sun is located far from the center, but practically “on the outskirts” of our Galaxy, on inner edge Orion arms, on the outskirts of the Super Virgo cluster. To be more precise and specific, according to the conventional line, our star is approximately 25 light years away from the center.

Thus, the black hole will not reach the Earth very soon. In addition, there is a possibility that such formations, over time, after billions of years, generally dissolve and disintegrate, and in some way evaporate. It is quite possible that even with a hole in Milky Way this will happen. True, then there will be a need for a new black hole to ensure movement in the galaxy, and, perhaps, the approximate parameters of the stars will change altogether, move to a new orbit, and so on, in order to again receive their gravitational center, which could turn into a disaster for some of them , but scientists don’t even predict anything about when this will happen: the numbers may be too large.

Irina Letinskaya

What will happen to the earth in a black hole. What happens if you fall into a black hole

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