Shch series boats Type "Pike" (Type "Shch") III Series

The Shch-139 submarine and its crew By the mid-30s of the 20th century, the Soviet Union made every effort to create a modern Navy capable of reliably covering the sea and ocean borders of the state. Lack of funds and unpreparedness of the domestic industry

“Submarine in the steppes of Ukraine” The failure of Operation Clear Field in South Ossetia and the panicky flight of Georgian troops from the occupied part of Abkhazia - the upper part of the Kodori Gorge - and the subsequent recognition (August 2008) by Russia of the independence of these southern

Submarine Kesaev Astana Nikolaevich Submarine M-117 Submarine type "M" XII series was laid down under slipway number 287 at plant No. 112 (Krasnoye Sormovo) in Gorky on January 29, 1940. On February 12, 1941, the submarine was launched. In June 1941, the M-117 was loaded onto

Submarine of Alexander Sergeevich Morukhov Submarine M-35The type “M” submarine of the XII series was laid down on February 22, 1939 at plant No. 112 (Krasnoe Sormovo) in Gorky under serial number 269. The submarine was completed at plant No. 198 in Nikolaev. August 20

Submarine Pustovoitenko Nikolai Kupriyanovich Submarine M-32 Submarine type "M" XII series was laid down on August 31, 1938 at plant No. 112 (Krasnoye Sormovo) in Gorky under slipway number 259. In February 1940, the submarine was loaded on railway

The restoration of the national economy in our country made it possible already in the second half of the 1920s to begin building new surface ships and submarines for the Workers' and Peasants' Red Navy. According to the shipbuilding program approved by the Council of Labor and Defense in December 1926, in the first five-year period it was planned to lay down and build 18 Uragan-class patrol ships, 12 new submarines of the Dekabrist and Leninets type and 36 Sh-4 torpedo boats ", as well as complete the construction of 2 cruisers, 4 destroyers and other ships. Thanks to the dedicated work of shipbuilders, the Soviet navy began to be replenished with submarines, torpedo boats, destroyers and other modern ships created at domestic shipyards. In pursuance of the decision of the Council of Labor and Defense, the design bureau, headed by B. Malinin, began designing the first Soviet submarine of the “D” type, series I, and a team of TsAGI specialists under the leadership of A. Tupolev began designing the first domestic torpedo boat. And already in 1927, 6 “D” type submarines and 8 “Uragan” type patrol ships were laid down at Soviet shipyards. In the same year, the torpedo boat “Pervenets” was tested on the Black Sea and soon the factories mastered their mass production. The successes achieved by Soviet industry during the implementation of the first five-year plan for the development of the national economy of the USSR forced the leadership of the Navy to review and clarify the shipbuilding program of 1926. The basis for this revision was the resolution of the Revolutionary Military Council of May 8, 1928 “On the importance of the Naval Forces in the system of the country’s armed forces,” which set the priority task: “When developing the Navy, strive for a combination of surface and submarine fleets, coastal and mine-positional defense and naval aviation " In April 1929, the Council of Labor and Defense approved a new five-year shipbuilding program for 1928–1933, which, in addition to the 1926 program, provided for the construction of three destroyers, 4 small submarines, two gunboats, several submarine hunters and torpedo boats, and also the completion of several ships and the overhaul of three battleships. It was during the years of the first five-year plan that the ships laid down in 1927 began to enter service. Thus, in 1928–1929, 10 Soviet-built torpedo boats were assigned to the USSR Navy. On November 12, 1930, the first “D” type submarine entered service, and on September 12, 1931, the first patrol ship “Uragan” entered service. In total, during the first five-year plan, the fleet received 6 new submarines, two river monitors, 7 patrol ships and 60 torpedo boats. Meanwhile, Soviet ship designers developed projects for an underwater minelayer of the “L” type, Series II; medium submarine type "Shch" III series; squadron submarine of the Pravda type IV series. At the same time, the design of the leader of the Leningrad-class destroyers was carried out. All this taken together made it possible already in 1932 to create the Pacific Fleet, for which shipbuilders developed projects for a medium submarine of the "Shch" type V series and a small displacement submarine of the "M" type VI series, and a year later, in 1933, to create Naval forces in the North. On July 11, 1933, the Council of Labor and Defense adopted a resolution “On the naval construction program for 1933–1938,” according to which in the 1930s, our shipbuilding industry launched and commissioned new ships of various classes into the Navy, including: light cruisers "Kirov" and "Maxim Gorky", destroyers of the "Gnevny" and "Storozhevoy" types, leaders of the "Leningrad" type, large submarines of the "K" type, medium - types "S", "Shch" and "P", small - type "M", river monitors of the "Zheleznyakov" and "Udarny" type, basic minesweepers of the "Fugas" type, torpedo boats of the "G-5" and "D-3" type, small submarine hunters "MO-IV". These ships were armed with the most advanced technology at that time, created by Soviet scientists and designers. It was during these years that Soviet mechanical engineering mastered the production of diesel engines with a power of 2000 hp; high-power steam power plants for destroyer leaders; aircraft-type boat engine with a reversible clutch. And the defense industry created an excellent 180-mm three-gun turret MK-3-180, which fired at 45 km and had no equal in the world at that time. 130 mm B-13 guns with a firing range of 25 km were developed for new destroyers and leaders, as well as 45 mm 21-K anti-aircraft guns and 100 mm B-34 guns. The Navy received a large ship mine, an aircraft mine and a torpedo, a new torpedo for small ships and torpedo boats, and new torpedo and artillery firing control devices. In total, in the 1930s, 312 warships were built in the Soviet Union, 211 were under construction. New submarines and surface ships had powerful weapons and good seaworthiness. At the same time, much attention was paid to strengthening and developing coastal artillery and naval aviation. By the time of the treacherous attack of Nazi Germany on our country, the Soviet Navy was a significant force. It consisted of four large operational formations - the Northern, Red Banner Baltic, Black Sea and Pacific fleets, as well as the Amur Red Banner, Danube, Caspian and Pinsk flotillas, numbering more than 1000 surface and submarine ships of various classes. On June 1, 1941, the Navy included: 3 battleships; 7 light cruisers; 7 leaders and 52 destroyers; 218 submarines; 22 patrol ships; 20 monitors; 11 sea and 7 river gunboats; 18 minelayers; 80 minesweepers and 269 torpedo boats. In addition, organizationally the Navy included: 2,581 naval aviation aircraft and 260 coastal defense batteries. From the very first hour of the Great Patriotic War until its last salvos, Soviet sailors, together with soldiers of other branches of the Armed Forces, steadfastly and courageously defended our country. The Great Patriotic War began earlier for the Soviet Navy than for all other branches of the military. At about 3 o'clock in the morning on June 22, 1941, the observation and communications posts of the Black Sea Fleet reported the approaching noise of aircraft engines. And at 3 hours 7 minutes, low-flying German bombers appeared over the main base of the Black Sea Fleet - Sevastopol. And the first unpleasant surprise - the city was completely darkened - was immediately followed by other unpleasant events for enemy aircraft. Suddenly the searchlights flashed, and in the blink of an eye the main base of the Black Sea Fleet bristled with gun barrels. Anti-aircraft guns struck from ships and coastal batteries, several enemy aircraft burst into flames in the air, and the rest hastily began to randomly drop their deadly cargo anywhere. The Germans' attempt to eliminate the superiority of the Soviet fleet, both on the Black and other seas, with one sudden blow, failed. Brought to immediate combat readiness even before the start of hostilities, the fleets and flotillas repelled the first strikes of enemy aircraft in an organized manner. “Our fleet did not lose a single ship on the fateful night of June 22,” Fleet Admiral N.G. Kuznetsov, former People’s Commissar of the Navy and Hero of the Soviet Union, later recalled in his memoirs. The Soviet Navy made a worthy contribution to the common cause of Victory in the Great Patriotic War over a hated enemy. More than 400 thousand military sailors fought on all fronts. Fleets and flotillas reliably provided the flanks of the ground forces, became famous in the heroic defense of Liepaja, Riga, Tallinn, Leningrad, Moscow, Kiev, Odessa, Sevastopol, Kerch, Novorossiysk and other cities, the Hanko Peninsula and the Moonsund Islands, the North Caucasus and the Soviet Arctic. The Northern Fleet, operating in the harsh climatic conditions of the Arctic, immediately became involved in the most stubborn battles in the Murmansk direction with selected mountain ranger units of the German army. By landing amphibious assault forces, active operations of submarines, torpedo boats and aviation on sea communications, artillery support from ships and assault bombing strikes by aviation on enemy troop concentrations, fortifications and bases, and sending marching battalions to the land front, the Severomorsk soldiers helped the troops of the Karelian Front defend their main base Polyarnoye and one of the largest ice-free port of Murmansk in the North. Stopped in the first months of the war at the turn of the Zapadnaya Litsa River, the enemy was forced to stop the offensive in the Arctic. Submariners of the Northern Fleet M.I. Gadzhiev, I.A. Kolyshkin, I.F. Kucherenko, N.A. Lunin, V.G. Starikov, I.I. Fisanovnch and G.I. Shchedrin, boatmen V.P. Alekseev, V.I. Bykov, I.M. Zhelvakov, A.I. Kisov, S.G. Korshunovich, G.D. Kurbatov, V.M. Lozovsky, B.M. Lyakh, L.L.Novospassky, B.T. Pavlov, G.M. Palamarchuk, N.G. Taisky, minesweeper commander A.I. Ivannikov, ship division commanders A.I. Gurin and S.D. Zyuzin were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and the commander of the torpedo boat detachment A.O. Shabalin and the commander of the aviation regiment B.F. Safonov was awarded this high title twice. Many ships and units of the fleet were awarded high awards from the Motherland. Submarines "D-3", "M-172", "S-56" and "Shch-402" became Red Banner submarines; the guards rank was also awarded to the following submarines: “K-22”, “M-171”, “M-174” and “Shch-422”; and on the flagpoles of submarines - “K-21”, “L-22”, “S-51”, “S-101”, “S-104”, “Shch-403”, “Shch-404” and “Shch” -421” the Order of the Red Banner Naval flags were raised. The immortal exploits of the crews of the patrol ships “Tuman”, “Passat” and “Brilliant”, the minesweeper “T-120”, the icebreaking steamer “Sibiryakov”, who fully fulfilled their duty to the Motherland, will forever remain in the memory of our people. The sailors of the guards destroyer "Gremyashchy", the Red Banner ships: the leader "Baku", the destroyers "Grozny", "Gromky" and "Valerian Kuibyshev", the minesweepers "T-110" and "T-887" contributed glorious pages to the military chronicle of the Northern Fleet. . The Northern Fleet was the first to establish direct contact with the navies of Great Britain and the United States and ensure the safety of navigation in the Norwegian, Barents and White Seas. Sea communications connected the northern ports of the Soviet Union with the ports of the Allies. The bulk of weapons, military materials, vehicles and food came through this route. At the final stage of the Great Patriotic War in October 1944, the Northern Fleet, together with the troops of the Karelian Front, participated in the Petsamo-Kirkenes offensive operation, as a result of which the enemy was expelled from the Soviet Arctic and Soviet troops liberated part of the territory of Northern Norway. In the battles for Pechenga, Linahamari and Kirkenes, the North Sea soldiers again demonstrated mass heroism and high military skill. From the very beginning of the war, the Red Banner Baltic Fleet found itself in very difficult conditions. Already in the first days, Baltic sailors, together with soldiers of the Red Army, fought stubborn battles for Liepaja, defended Riga and the Gulf of Riga, and in August 1941 they fought to the death on the outskirts of the main fleet base - Tallinn. The Baltic sailors covered themselves with unfading glory in the heated battles for the Moonsund Islands and the Hanko Peninsula, in the unprecedented 900-day heroic defense of Leningrad. In the summer of 1941, when the Red Army was fighting heavy defensive battles with hordes of Nazi troops over a vast territory from the Barents to the Black Sea, pilots of the Baltic Fleet from the airfield of the island of Saaremaa (Ezel) launched several powerful attacks on Berlin. This was a worthy response to Goebbels’s propaganda, which trumpeted the “destruction” of the Soviet fleet and aviation to the whole world. The tragic evacuation of Tallinn and the Hanko garrison has gone down in history forever. Dozens of ships and vessels, thousands of sailors of the military and merchant fleet died in these campaigns. The ships had to break through a continuous minefield, under intense bombing and artillery fire, but most of them still reached Kronstadt. Protecting naval bases and providing support to ground forces, the Baltic Fleet actively operated on enemy sea communications. During the war years, the enemy lost more than 600 ships and merchant ships from attacks by submariners, aviators, and boat pilots, and about 400 ships were seriously damaged. Each of these victories was achieved at a difficult cost. The homeland highly appreciated the merits of the Baltic people. Submariners S.N. Bogorad, M.S. Kalinin, V.K. Konovalov, S.P. Lisin, E.Ya. Osipov and I. V. Travkin, torpedo boat officers A.I. Afanasyev, V.P. Gumanenko, V.M. Zhiltsov, I.S. Ivanov, S.A. Osipov, A.G. Sverdlov, V.M. Starostin, V.I. Tikhonov and B.P. Ushchev was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The crews of the submarines "L-3", "Shch-303" and "Shch-309" were converted into guards; a – submarines “K-52”, “Lembit”, “S-13”, “Shch-307”, “Shch-310”, “Shch-320”, “Shch-323” and “Shch-406” were awarded Order of the Red Banner. Throughout the war, Baltic ships provided fire support to ground forces. Occupying positions on the Neva and Kronstadt, battleships, cruisers, destroyers, and gunboats regularly fired devastating fire at artillery and mortar batteries, fortifications and concentrations of enemy troops near the walls of Leningrad for two and a half years. The battleship "October Revolution", the cruisers "Kirov" and "Maxim Gorky" were awarded the Order of the Red Banner; a – destroyer “Stoikiy” (“Vice Admiral Drozd”); The minelayer "Marti" ("Oka") and the minesweeper "T-205" ("Gafel") were awarded the Guards rank. After breaking the blockade of Leningrad, Baltic sailors took part in the liberation of the Baltic states, landed troops on islands in the Vyborg Bay and in the Moonsund archipelago, defeated the enemy in East Prussia and Courland, in Poland, and ended the war on May 9, 1945 with a landing on the Danish island of Bronholm. The sailors of the Black Sea Fleet performed thousands of feats during the war. Already at the end of June 1941, naval aviation and surface ships launched powerful attacks on oil storage facilities in the Romanian port of Constanta. In battles with the enemy near Odessa, Black Sea sailors, together with the troops of the Primorsky Army, delayed the advance of enemy hordes on the southern flank of the Soviet-German front for 73 days. The fleet's surface ships provided fire assistance to the city's defenders, escorted transports with reinforcements, ammunition and military equipment; in September they landed a large landing force near the village of Grigoryevna, ensured the removal of the wounded and the evacuation of the civilian population. When the Supreme Command Headquarters decided to leave the city, the fleet carried out an operation to evacuate troops from Odessa without losses. These units then helped delay the Nazi advance on the Perekop Isthmus and joined the ranks of the defenders of Sevastopol. The heroic epic of the defense of Sevastopol continued for 250 fiery days and nights. The hero city, completely cut off from land, unshakably fought a stubborn defense. All these days, ships of the Black Sea Fleet and ships of the Black Sea Shipping Company provided effective assistance to its defenders. Breaking through the fire curtains of coastal batteries, dodging numerous attacks by enemy aircraft, submarines and torpedo boats, they delivered reinforcements, fuel, food, ammunition to the Sevastopol residents, and during unloading, despite intense opposition from aviation and artillery, they fired powerfully at enemy fortifications . These dangerous flights did not pass without a trace. In heavy, dramatic battles, the cruiser Chervona Ukraine, the destroyers Bezuprechny and Svobodny, the base minesweeper T-413 (No. 27), and the ambulance transports Georgia, Abkhazia, Bialystok, and Svaneti were killed "and other vessels. At the end of December 1941, the fascist German command launched another assault on Sevastopol. During these critical days, the Black Sea Fleet stood up to defend its main base. In addition to participating in intensive military transport and fire assistance to the city’s defenders, the sailors, together with the troops of the North Caucasus Front, carried out the largest Kerch-Feodosia landing operation during the war, as a result of which the Kerch Peninsula was liberated and the Nazis’ attempt to take Sevastopol was thwarted. The Black Sea people also gained immortal fame during the defense of the Caucasus. Defending Novorossiysk, Tuapse, bases and ports on the coast of the Sea of ​​Azov, the personnel of the Black Sea Fleet and the Azov Military Flotilla showed examples of heroism and combat fortitude. Noting the merits of the Black Sea sailors in the defeat of the Nazi invaders, the Soviet government awarded the battleship "Sevastopol", the cruiser "Voroshilov", the destroyers "Besposhchadny", "Boikiy", "Zheleznyakov" and "Nezamozhnik", the gunboat "Red Abkhazia" , basic minesweepers "T-412" ("Arseniy Raskin"), "Mina", "Tral" and "Shield", ambulance transport "Lvov" with the Order of the Red Banner. By order of the People's Commissar of the Navy N.G. Kuznetsov, the cruisers "Red Caucasus", "Red Crimea", the destroyer "Soobrazitelny", the minesweeper "T-411" ("Defender") and patrol boat No. 065 were awarded the Guards title. The sailors of the Black Sea Fleet and the Azov Military Flotilla demonstrated massive heroism during the landings on Malaya Zemlya and Novorossiysk, on the coast of Taman and the Kerch Peninsula, in Nikolaev and during the liberation of the ports of Bulgaria and Romania. In these bloody battles, the Black Sea paratroopers Ts.L. especially distinguished themselves. Kunikov and K.F. Olshansky, as well as the personnel of the ships that landed on the shore. For unparalleled heroism, courage and bravery, many Black Sea residents were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, including commanders of divisions, detachments, units and patrol boats M. G. Bondarenko, D.A. Glukhov, G.I. Gnatenko, F.S. Dyachenko, I.V. Lednev, A.S. Markov and N.I. Sipyagin, Azov sailors A.K. Abdrakhmanov, V.I. Velikiy, K.I. Vorobiev, V.N. Denisov, P.I. Derzhavin, D.P. Levin, M.A. Sokolov and V.G. Us. During the Crimean offensive operation, submarines, torpedo boats and aircraft of the Black Sea Fleet blocked the Crimean group of enemy troops and actively paralyzed communications with the ports of Romania and Bulgaria. During the war, Black Sea boatmen and submariners showed themselves to be masters of torpedo attacks. The boatmen A.F. acted especially skillfully and decisively. Afrikanov, A.G. Kananadze, S.N. Kotov, K.G. Kochiev, A.I. Kudersky, B.M. Pershiy, V.S. Pilipenko, M.P. Podymakhin, A.R. Rogachevsky, A.A. Sutyrin, A.E. Chertsov and I.P. Shengur, submarine commanders B.A. Alekseev, M.V. Greshilov, Y.K. Iosseliani, A.N. Kesaev and M.I. Khomyakov, awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, as well as the crews of the guards submarines "M-35", "M-62", "S-33", "Shch-205" and "Shch-215", Red Banner "A-5" , “L-4”, “M-111”, “M-117”, “Shch-201” and “Shch-209”. River and lake flotillas, the basis of which were armored boats and monitors, fought on numerous rivers and lakes. The exploits of the Volga sailors are majestic; Pinskaya; Belomorskaya; Azov; Ilmenskaya; Chudskoy; Onega; Red Banner Caspian and Ladoga; Red Banner, Order of Ushakov of the Dnieper and Red Banner, Orders of Nakhimov and Kutuzov of the Danube Flotilla. By providing artillery support to units of the Red Army, ensuring the crossing of troops and military equipment across water lines, the security of internal communications, landings, delivery of ammunition and various equipment, they made a worthy contribution to the victory over the hated enemy. The heaviest burden during the war fell on the Ladoga flotilla, which ensured the supply of all the essentials for almost two and a half years to besieged Leningrad. The Dnieper flotilla took part in the Berlin operation, the Danube flotilla ended the war in Vienna. In the Far East, the Pacific Fleet, North Pacific and Red Banner Amur military flotillas actively participated in the hostilities that unfolded in August–September 1945 against the Japanese Kwantung Army. In these battles, military sailors, with landings and artillery support, helped the troops of the 1st and 2nd Far Eastern Fronts to defeat the million-strong Japanese Kwantung Army and force it and the ships of the Sungari flotilla to unconditional surrender. Patrol ships "Metel" and "EK-2"; minelayer "Okhotsk"; minesweepers "T-278" and "T-281" of the Pacific Fleet; Amur river monitors “Sverdlov” and “Sun Yat-sen”; the gunboats "Krasnaya Zvezda" and "Proletary" became guards, and the Pacific destroyer "Voikov"; patrol ship "Kirov"; minesweepers "T-275" and "T-525"; Great submarine hunters “BO-303” and “BO-305”, who participated in the liberation of Korea, Manchuria, South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, were awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Soviet sailors performed truly outstanding feats during the Great Patriotic War, playing a very important role in achieving a common victory over the enemy. The Navy participated in all defensive and offensive operations in coastal, lake and river areas. Providing assistance to the fronts and armies, the Soviet Navy landed more than 110 troops, with a total strength equal to thirty divisions, and used powerful artillery and air support. Fleets and flotillas destroyed more than 2,500 enemy ships and vessels during the war years, including 1,200 warships and over 1,300 transport ships, and ensured the transportation of about 10 million people and more than 100 million tons of cargo along waterways. For outstanding military merits, more than 350 thousand Soviet military sailors were awarded orders and medals, 513 people became Heroes of the Soviet Union, and seven of them were twice awarded this high title. 17 brigades, 16 air units and 78 ships were awarded the honorary name “Gvardeysky”. 238 ships were awarded military orders. The Northern, Black Sea and Pacific fleets earned the name "Red Banner", and the Baltic - "twice Red Banner". On the open area of ​​military equipment and weapons of the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War, an exhibition has been launched, including samples of military equipment and weapons of the USSR Navy during the Great Patriotic War. All these exhibits are placed in accordance with the thematic and exhibition plan, which provides for an association with a sea bay or ship base. In addition to surface ships, the deckhouses of two submarines that distinguished themselves during the war are on display; turret artillery installations; coastal defense guns; 37-mm and 85-mm anti-aircraft guns, covering the bases from attacks by enemy aircraft. The exhibition is complemented by the armament of battleships and mine and torpedo weapons. The collection of military equipment and weapons of the Navy has been created by museum staff since 1995. The High Command of the Navy provided great assistance in this work. Active participation in the creation of this section of the exhibition of the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War was provided by the Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Navy for Armaments, Vice Admiral M.K. Barskov, as well as the Head of the Missile and Artillery Weapons Department of the Main Headquarters of the Navy, Rear Admiral G.K. Eremeev.

Submarines of the Shch type, or, as they were also called, pikes, occupy a special place in the history of domestic shipbuilding. These were the most numerous (86 units!) medium submarines of the Soviet fleet during the Great Patriotic War. They actively participated in hostilities in the Baltic, Black Sea, and Arctic; their torpedoes and artillery sank a German submarine, a patrol ship, two landing craft and at least 30 enemy transports. But the price of victory turned out to be extremely high: 31 “pike” did not return to their home base and remained at sea forever. Moreover, the circumstances of the death of many submarines are unknown to this day...

However, we will not dwell on the history of submarine service. We offer exclusive material - a reconstruction of the appearance of pikes of all six series: III, V, V-bis, V-6hc-2, X and X-bis. The developed drawings are based on original documentation from the collections of the Central Naval Museum (TSVMM), the Russian State Archive of the Navy (RGAVMF), as well as special literature and numerous photographs.

Despite the fact that all series of boats of the “Shch” type were quite similar in their characteristics, in appearance they differed significantly from each other. Thus, the first four submarines Shch-301 - Shch-304 (III series) had a straight stem, a narrow superstructure and a wheelhouse fence, in the aft part of which there were gratings for the ventilation shafts. The bow horizontal rudders were of a unique design - they “horned” in the front part into special slots in the hull. The bow gun originally had a bulwark, but immediately after testing it was removed, and the wheelhouse fence itself was completely rebuilt. For the convenience of the crew of the 45-mm gun, folding semicircular platforms were installed, and later, during the overhaul, these platforms became permanent and were equipped with a tubular railing.

On Series V submarines built for the Pacific Fleet, the shape of the bow rudders was changed (it became standard for all subsequent series of pikes) and the width of the superstructure was increased. The wheelhouse fence was radically reconstructed, placing a second 45-mm gun on it. The stem became inclined, and its contours in the upper part formed a small “bulb”. The length of the light hull has increased by 1.5 m.

The submarines of the V-bis series differed from their predecessors only in the shape of the false keel and the fencing of the wheelhouse (the latter lost a kind of “balcony” above the first gun). But on the V-6nc-2 series, the contours of the light hull were changed and the wheelhouse fence was again redone. Moreover, Pacific boats of this type differed from the Baltic and Black Sea ones in the shape of the sides of the navigation bridge.

The X series submarines looked the most exotic due to the introduction of a streamlined wheelhouse fencing of the so-called “limousine” type. Otherwise, they were practically no different from the V-bis-2 series ships, with the exception, perhaps, of the “hump” that appeared above the deck tank and diesel mufflers.

Since the expected increase in speed underwater in the X series boats did not occur, and the flooding of the navigation bridge increased, the last series of X-bis pikes used a more traditional wheelhouse fencing, reminiscent of that designed for C-type submarines. The bow 45-mm cannon was now installed directly on the deck of the superstructure. The hull remained unchanged, but the underwater anchor disappeared from its equipment.

The racks of antennas and network outlets on boats of the III, V and V-bis series were L-shaped and connected by crossbars. The net drain cables ran from bow to stern; in front of the bow strut they were combined into one.

In the “pike” \/-bis-2 and X series, the power outlet racks became single; on the X-bis series they were absent altogether. Some of the boats were equipped with “Som” and “Crab” net cutters, which were a system of cutters (four on the stem, two on the forecastle linearly elevated and one on each side), as well as a system of guy ropes that protected the protruding parts of the boat from getting caught by net fence cables. In practice, these devices turned out to be ineffective, and they were gradually dismantled, covering the saw on the stem with metal sheets.

The exhaust openings of the mufflers in the superstructure on the boats of the first four series were located on both sides, on the submarines of the X and X-bis series - on one, left side. Only on the left side was there an anchor, which was used in the surface position.

The location of scuppers in the superstructure, which is often an individual feature of the ship and therefore of particular interest to modellers, is, as a rule, not indicated on design drawings (since it is not of fundamental importance). In the proposed drawings of the pikes, the scuppers are drawn from photographs and therefore their location may not be entirely accurate (this especially applies to the Shch-108). It should also be borne in mind that the cutting of scuppers on boats of the same series often differed greatly; These differences are most clearly demonstrated by the Baltic and Black Sea “pikes” of the X series.

The appearance of the "Shch" type submarines also changed due to modernizations carried out during the service. Thus, the folding parts of the gun platforms were gradually replaced by permanent ones and equipped with railings. Based on the experience of sailing in broken ice and in fresh weather, the outer covers of the torpedo tubes were removed from some of the boats. Instead of a second gun, a DShK machine gun was sometimes installed, and the Pacific Fleet had homemade installations, along with a standard pedestal one. The M-1 (Maxim) 7.62-mm remote machine guns were not always placed in their standard places on the surface. The emitters of the underwater communication installation were located on the deck (upper) and in a special enclosure (lower). During the war, some pikes received Asdik sonars (Dragon -129) and a demagnetizing device with windings outside the hull at the level of the superstructure deck.

Coloring: the hull and superstructure above the waterline were gray-spherical on the Baltic boats, dark gray on the Black Sea boats, and gray-green on the North Sea boats. The underwater part is black (kuzbasslak) or coated with anti-fouling compounds No. 1 and 2 (dark red and dark green). In besieged Leningrad, in addition to camouflage nets, they used to paint boats white to match the snow background. The screws are bronze. Rescue buoys were painted in the color of the hull; after the war they became red and white (three sectors of each color). The letters of the boat names in the bow (on III, V, V-bis, \/-bis-2 series) are brass. The letter-numeric designation on the wheelhouse is white (except for the V series, where it was yellow or blue with a black outline); during the war years they were painted over to match the main color of the body. The number of declared victories was indicated by a number in a circle located in the center of a red star with a white outline, drawn on each boat individually. The star was always placed in the bow of the cabin, approximately in the middle of the height or below the portholes.

Shch type submarines:

1 - rudder blade; 2- wave-cutting shields of torpedo tubes; 3.9 - wake lights; 4 bale strips; 5 - ducks; 6 - rescue buoys; 7,13,37 - racks of network outlets; 8- network outlet (combined with radio antenna); 10- gyrocompass repeaters; 11 - periscopes; 12 - magnetic compasses; 14 - radio direction finder antennas; 15 - 45 mm 21-K guns; 16 - mooring spiers; 17 - bollards; 18 - noise direction finder antennas; 19.35 - bow horizontal rudders; 20 - fender beam; 21 - wheelhouse hatches; 22 - emergency exit hatches; 23 hinged covers over the boats; 24 - folding superstructure grilles; 25 - aft horizontal rudders; 26 - folding gratings above the torpedo loading hatch; 27- stern flagpole; 28 muffler exhaust valves; 29 - retractable masts; 30 - anti-aircraft machine gun "Maxim"; 31,32 - running lights; 33 - guy rod; 34 - hatches above the fenders of 45 mm cartridges; 36 - anchor hawse (on all submarines - only on the left side); 38-V-shaped radio antenna post; 39 - bale strips with net outlets; 40- radio antenna; 41 - retractable davit; 42 lifting hook niches

Changes were made to some of the designs of these boats, which were supposed to eliminate the shortcomings identified during the operation of Shch type submarines. The main dimensions of the ship, the design of the durable and light hull, as well as the design of the main systems and devices were preserved. The main thing that was achieved on the X series boats was an increase in surface speed due to the installation of new 38K8 diesel engines with a power of 800 hp. With. at 600 rpm, which made it possible to obtain the highest speed of 14.1-14.3 knots versus 12.3 knots on submarines of the V bis-2 series. Other improvements and innovations include the installation of a desalinator of the NIIVK system, 40 l/h, a new muffler design that reduced the “hovering” of the muffler, and therefore reduced the unmasking of the boat, the installation of a “Crab” type net cutter, and a new periscope from the Italian company “Galileo” (length 9 m and diameter 180 mm).

On X-series submarines, fundamental changes have been made to the high-pressure air system. Distribution columns for emergency purging of main ballast tanks were used. In this case, the main ballast was blown directly with high-pressure air. As a result of the new high-pressure air scheme, emergency blowing of the main ballast tanks from periscope depth was reduced from 9-10 minutes to 3 minutes 13 seconds. Otherwise, the X series submarines were no different from the V bis-2 series submarines.

Thirty-two X series boats were commissioned before the war (eight in the North, seven in the Baltic, eight in the Black Sea and nine in the Pacific)

In 1940, the Baltic Shch-311 and Shch-324 were awarded the Order of the Red Banner for their participation in hostilities during the Soviet-Finnish War. "Shch-402" on July 14, 1941 opened the combat account of submariners of the Northern Fleet. On April 3, 1942, it became Red Banner, and on July 25, 1943, it became a Guards. By the time of her death in 1944, the boat had won 13 victories in 16 military campaigns. The first victory in the Black Sea was won on August 14, 1941 by the Shch-211, and in the Baltic by the Shch-307, on August 10, 1941, it torpedoed the fascist submarine U-144. The Guards became "Shch-215" (Black Sea Fleet) and "Shch-422" (Northern Fleet). The Orders of the Red Banner were awarded to the Black Sea "Shch-209", the Baltic "Shch-320" and "Shch-323", the North Sea "Shch-403", "Shch-404" and "Shch-421"

"Shch-126"

Laid down on July 23, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 194, factory No. 297. In 1934, it was transported in sections by rail to Vladivostok to plant No. 202 (Dalzavod), where it was launched on April 20, 1935. On October 3, 1936 it became part of the Pacific Fleet.

On August 9, 1945, as part of the 12th division, she met 4 submarine brigades in Nakhodka under the command of Lieutenant Commander Vladimir Andreevich Morozov. With the outbreak of hostilities, she took up her assigned position in the Sea of ​​Japan. On August 21, she discovered a Japanese motorboat and sank it with artillery fire from a distance of 7 - 8 cabs, expending 50 45-mm shells.

"Shch-127"

The lead submarine of the X series. Laid down on July 23, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 194, factory No. 296. In 1934, it was transported in sections by rail to Vladivostok to plant No. 202 (Dalzavod), where it was launched on June 13, 1935. On October 3, 1936 it became part of the Pacific Fleet.

On August 9, 1945, as part of the 12th division, it met 4 submarine brigades in Nakhodka under the command of captain 3rd rank Mikhail Dmitrievich Melnikov. With the outbreak of hostilities, she took up her assigned position in the Sea of ​​Japan. On August 14, she discovered a detachment of Japanese warships consisting of a cruiser (the commander mistook it for a battleship) and four destroyers, which she reported to the command. Having received orders to monitor the detachment, she watched him for more than an hour and reported on his course and speed, and then fell behind and lost contact with him.

"Shch-128"

Laid down on August 7, 1934 in Leningrad at plant number 189 (Baltic Shipyard), factory number 258. In 1935, it was transported in sections by rail to Vladivostok to plant number 202 (Dalzavod), where it was launched on June 9, 1935 . On October 3, 1936 it became part of the Pacific Fleet.

August 9, 1945 met, as part of the 1st Division, the 1st Submarine Brigade in Ulis Bay under the command of Lieutenant Commander Gnikul Grigory Ivanovich. She did not participate in hostilities.

"Shch-129"

Laid down on December 31, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 194, factory No. 298. In 1935, it was transported in sections by rail to Vladivostok to plant No. 202 (Dalzavod), where it was launched on October 10, 1935. On October 3, 1936 it became part of the Pacific Fleet.

On August 9, 1945, as part of the 12th division, it met 4 submarine brigades in Nakhodka under the command of captain 3rd rank Vladimir Ivanovich Avdashev. She did not participate in hostilities.

"Shch-130"

Laid down on August 7, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipyard), factory No. 257. In 1935, it was transported in sections by rail to Vladivostok to plant No. 202 (Dalzavod), where on June 8, 1935 it was launched . On December 11, 1936 it became part of the Pacific Fleet.

On August 9, 1945, as part of the 12th division, she met 4 submarine brigades in Nakhodka under the command of Lieutenant Commander Abram Aronovich Aleksandrovsky. She did not participate in hostilities.

"Shch-131"

Laid down on July 23, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 194, factory No. 192. In 1935, it was transported in sections by rail to Khabarovsk to plant No. 368 (Khabarovsk Ship Mechanical Plant), where it was launched on July 4, 1935. On December 11, 1936 it became part of the Pacific Fleet.

On August 9, 1945, as part of the 1st Division, she met the 1st Submarine Brigade in Ulis Bay under the command of Lieutenant Commander Sergei Timofeevich Zubarev. She did not participate in hostilities.

"Shch-132"

Laid down on December 31, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 194, factory No. 299. In 1935, it was transported in sections by rail to Vladivostok to plant No. 202 (Dalzavod), where it was launched on July 4, 1935. On December 11, 1936 it became part of the Pacific Fleet.

On August 9, 1945, as part of the 12th Division, she met 4 submarine brigades in Nakhodka under the command of Lieutenant Commander Mikhail Leonidovich Sokolov. She did not participate in hostilities.

"Shch-133"

Laid down on August 7, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipyard), factory No. 259. In 1935, it was transported in sections by rail to Vladivostok to plant No. 202 (Dalzavod), where on July 4, 1935 it was launched . On December 11, 1936 it became part of the Pacific Fleet.

On August 9, 1945, she met as part of the 2nd separate division of submarines in Vladimir Bay under the command of Lieutenant Commander Vladislav Matveevich Garvalinsky. She did not participate in hostilities.

"Shch-134"

Laid down on July 23, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 194, factory No. 293. In 1935, it was transported in sections by rail to Vladivostok to plant No. 202 (Dalzavod), where it was launched on September 4, 1935. On December 27, 1936 it became part of the Pacific Fleet.

On August 9, 1945, she met as part of the 2nd separate division of submarines in Vladimir Bay under the command of Lieutenant Commander Vdovin Alexander Kirillovich. With the outbreak of hostilities, she took up her assigned position in the Sea of ​​Japan, from where she was recalled on August 19.

"Shch-423"

Laid down on January 8, 1936 in Gorky at plant No. 112 (Krasnoe Sormovo) assembly of the hull began from parts manufactured at the Kolomensky Machine-Building Plant named after. Kuibyshev under the designation "Shch-315", serial number 85. In May 1937, it was launched. On December 6, 1937 it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. On May 9, 1938, she began the transition along the White Sea Canal to the North and on June 21 she became part of the Northern Fleet. On July 17 it received the designation "Shch-423". On August 5, 1940, she began the transition to the Far East via the Northern Sea Route. On October 17, she arrived in Vladivostok. On April 17, 1942 it received the designation "Shch-139".

On August 9, 1945, she met as part of the 2nd separate division of submarines in Vladimir Bay under the command of Lieutenant Commander Pridatko Ivan Antonovich. She did not participate in hostilities.

"Shch-208"

Laid down on May 18, 1934 in Nikolaev at plant number 200 (named after 61 communards), serial number 1032. October 7, 1935 launched. On March 9, 1937 it became part of the Black Sea Fleet.

On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Lieutenant-Commander Nikolai Mikhailovich Belanov as part of the 3rd Division of the 1st Submarine Brigade in Sevastopol. In December it went into routine repairs. In January 1942, having completed repairs and completed a training course, she entered combat operations. On August 23, she went on a military campaign to the Constanta - Portnitskoye Armo area, did not make contact and did not return to the base. Presumably she was blown up by a mine and died without ever going on the attack.

Duration of combat service - 14.2 months (June 22, 1941 - August 28, 1942). 6 military campaigns (93 days).

"Shch-209"

Laid down on May 25, 1934 in Nikolaev at plant number 200 (named after 61 communards), serial number 1033. March 2, 36 launched. On March 9, 1937 it became part of the Black Sea Fleet.

On June 22, 1941, she met Ivan Nazarovich Kiselev under the command of Lieutenant Commander (later captain 3rd rank) as part of the 3rd Division of the 1st Submarine Brigade in Sevastopol. On June 25, she took up a designated position off the coast of Bulgaria, but despite her activity in searching for the enemy, she had no contact with him. On March 8, 1942, 65 miles northwest of Sinop on the way to the designated area, it was suddenly attacked by an enemy aircraft that dropped 2 bombs; The turbopump and the commander's periscope failed - the commander received an order to return to Tuapse. On April 5, a new commander was appointed in place of the deceased commander - lieutenant captain (later captain 3rd rank) Vladimir Ivanovich Ivanov. In the second half of June, she made two flights to besieged Sevastopol, delivering 58.9 tons of ammunition there and taking 106 people to Novorossiysk, including the Military Council and the command staff of the Primorsky Army, the Coastal Defense Command of the Sevastopol Naval Base. On April 23, 1943, the only one of the Black Sea submarines was aimed at the enemy by reconnaissance aircraft, but the attack failed. On November 21, she successfully landed a reconnaissance group in the area of ​​Cape Olinka. On February 24, 1944, when returning from a position near Batumi, she lost her place and, walking along the coast, entered the territorial waters of Turkey, while she was fired at by machine-gun fire from our border post, and when leaving the territorial waters of Turkey - by Turkish border guards. In March, the personnel were completely replaced by the crew of the Shch-130 of the Pacific Fleet; on March 11, Lieutenant Commander Vasily Vasilyevich Stetsenko was appointed as the new commander of the ship. On April 4, Lieutenant-Commander Nikolai Vasilievich Sukhodolsky was appointed commander. The Black Sea crew of "Shch-209" left for Arkhangelsk on March 12. On July 26, she sank a 250-ton schooner with artillery fire. On the morning of September 15, the last of the Black Sea submarines returned safely to base. March 6, 1945 awarded the Order of the Red Banner

Duration of combat service - 38.8 months (June 22, 1941 - September 16, 1944). 18 military campaigns (337 days). 12 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 1 schooner (100 tons) and 1 ship were sunk, in addition, 1 ship and 1 ship were also sunk. 1 ship (250 tons) was sunk by artillery fire.

"Shch-210"

Laid down on June 3, 1934. in Nikolaev at plant No. 200 (named after 61 communards), factory No. 1034. Launched on March 13, 1936. On March 9, 1937 it became part of the Black Sea Fleet.

On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Lieutenant Commander Georgy Afanasyevich Mikhailov as part of the 3rd Division of the 1st Submarine Brigade in Sevastopol. On September 30, engineer-captain 3rd rank (later captain 2nd rank) Selbst Isai Leontievich was appointed commander. On October 11, she discovered the auxiliary cruiser Dacia, but due to an unfavorable position, she was unable to launch an attack. From March 15 to March 28, 1942 was supposed to operate at a position near Shabler, did not make contact and did not return to base. Presumably she was blown up by a mine and died.

Duration of combat service - 9 months (June 22, 1941 - March 23, 1942). 5 military campaigns (75 days). 1 torpedo attack, which may have damaged 1 ship.

"Shch-211"

Laid down on September 3, 1934 in Nikolaev at plant number 200 (named after 61 communards), serial number 1035. September 3, 1936 launched. On May 5, 1938 it became part of the Black Sea Fleet.

On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of senior lieutenant (later lieutenant commander) Alexander Danilovich Devyatko as part of the 4th division of the 1st submarine brigade in Sevastopol. On August 11, she landed a group of 14 Bulgarians north of Cape Karaburun. On August 15, the Peles transport was damaged, which subsequently sank; this was the first victory of the Black Sea submariners. On November 16, she went out on another combat mission, did not make contact and did not return to base at the appointed time. Presumably she was blown up by a mine and died in the Varna area.

Duration of combat service - 5 months (June 22, 1941 - November 22, 1941). 4 military campaigns (64 days). 4 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 2 ships (11862 GRT) were sunk and 1 ship was possibly damaged.

"Shch-212"

Laid down on November 18, 1934 in Nikolaev at plant number 200 (named after 61 communards), serial number 1036. December 29, 1936 launched. On December 15, 1938 it became part of the Black Sea Fleet.

On June 22, 1941, she met Ibragim Kasyanovich Burnashev under the command of Lieutenant Commander (later captain 3rd rank) as part of the 4th Division of the 1st Submarine Brigade while being repaired in Sevastopol. On October 25, while at a position in the Varna area, she was hit by a mine while laying on the ground, but, despite significant damage, she managed to return to base and was put into emergency repairs. New 1942 met in repair. In the second half of June, it twice broke through into besieged Sevastopol, delivering there 54 tons of ammunition, 6 tons of food, 27 tons of gasoline and taking 117 people to Novorossiysk. On July 2, she was unable to approach the shore due to enemy opposition and was forced to return to base without completing the task. On July 7, I went into scheduled maintenance for two weeks. On October 23, captain-lieutenant Kukuy Grigory Aronovich was appointed commander. On December 19, she was sunk by aircraft north of Cape Sinop while returning to base after a military campaign. During the entire period of hostilities, she did not use a single torpedo.

Duration of combat service - 17.9 months (June 22, 1941 - December 19, 1942). 9 military campaigns (99 days).

"Shch-213"

Laid down on December 4, 1934 in Nikolaev at plant No. 200 (named after 61 communards), serial number 1037. On April 13, 1937, it was launched. On December 15, 1938 it became part of the Black Sea Fleet.

On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Senior Lieutenant Denezhko Dmitry Mitrofanovich as part of the 4th Division of the 1st Submarine Brigade, while being repaired in Sevastopol. On February 23, 1942, after an unsuccessful torpedo attack, she sank a schooner by artillery fire. March 23 Denezhko D.M. died in Tuapse during an enemy air raid. On May 16, Captain-Lieutenant Nikolai Vasilyevich Isaev was appointed in his place. On June 20, "Shch-213" is recalled from its position to participate in the supply of besieged Sevastopol. Arriving there with the cargo, she was unable to approach the shore and was forced to return to Novorossiysk without completing the task. On October 14, she was sunk by depth charges of the anti-submarine ship "Uj-80" 5.5 miles east of Portitsky Arm.

Duration of combat service - 15.7 months (June 22, 1941 - October 14, 1942). 7 military campaigns (114 days). 4 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 1 ship (144 GRT) was sunk. 1 ship was sunk by artillery fire.

"Shch-214"

Laid down on July 13, 1935 in Nikolaev at plant number 200 (named after 61 communards), serial number 1038. April 23, 1937 launched. On April 10, 1939 it became part of the Black Sea Fleet.

On June 22, 1941, she met the 1st submarine brigade as part of the 4th division, while being repaired in Sevastopol, the temporary acting commander was captain-lieutenant Georgy Petrovich Apostolov. On July 20, Vlasov Vladimir Yakovlevich was appointed commander. On November 3, she sank the schooner Kraltepe (350 tons) with artillery fire. January 1, 1942 sank the schooner "Kaynakdere" with artillery fire. On May 29 and 31, as well as June 2, she sank a schooner with explosive cartridges, landing boarding parties on them. In mid-June, she made one trip to besieged Sevastopol, delivering there 26 tons of ammunition and 4 tons of food. On the way back on June 19, near Cape Aytodor, she was sunk by the Italian torpedo boat "MAS - 571", two members of the crew were taken prisoner.

Duration of combat service - 11.9 months (June 22, 1941 - June 19, 1942). 5 military campaigns (75 days). 2 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 1 ship (3336 GRT) was sunk. 2 ships were sunk by artillery fire; in addition, 3 ships were sunk by explosive cartridges from boarding parties.

"Shch-215"

Laid down on March 27, 1935 in Nikolaev at plant No. 200 (named after 61 communards), serial number 1039. Launched on January 11, 1937. On April 10, 1939 it became part of the Black Sea Fleet.

On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Lieutenant Commander Vladimir Yakovlevich Vlasov as part of the 4th Division of the 1st Submarine Brigade, while being repaired in Sevastopol. On July 20, captain-lieutenant Apostolov Grigory Petrovich was appointed commander of the ship. February 9, 1942 senior lieutenant (later captain-lieutenant) Viktor Anisimovich Korshunov was appointed commander. On July 2, she tried to break into besieged Sevastopol with 30 tons of ammunition and 27 tons of gasoline, but the city fell and she returned to Novorossiysk. On October 23, lieutenant captain (later captain 3rd rank) Alexander Ivanovich Greshilov was appointed commander. January 20, 1943 tried to attack the convoy, but the commander got confused in maneuvering and lost the transport against the background of the coast. On January 23, she discovered two self-propelled barges and unsuccessfully attacked one of them with two torpedoes. Continuing the pursuit in a positional position, she soon attacked the barge again with three torpedoes, but they all missed. After that, she surfaced in a cruising position and opened artillery fire. The barges returned fire and one 76-mm shell hit the wheelhouse fence. Despite the damage, the Shch-215 was able to dive and evade two dropped depth charges. June 10, 1944 Captain 3rd rank Strizhak Alexander Ivanovich was appointed commander of the ship. On July 22, she was awarded the title "Gvardeskaya"; on August 24, she sank the motor-sailing schooner "Mefkure" (53 GRT) with artillery fire - the last enemy ship sunk by Black Sea submariners.

Duration of combat service - 38.8 months (June 22, 1941 - September 16, 1944). 15 military campaigns (306 days). 18 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 3 ships (more than 2082 GRT) and 1 ship were sunk, in addition, 2 ships and 1 ship were sunk. 1 ship (53 GRT) was sunk by artillery fire.

"Shch-317"

Laid down on July 23, 1934 in Leningrad at plant number 194, factory number 295. September 24, 1935 launched. On November 1, 1936 it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet.

On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Captain 3rd Rank Andronov Alexei Gerasimovich as part of the 7th Division of the 2nd Submarine Detachment in Tallinn. On November 2, she left Kronstadt to take a position in the area of ​​the Elandsrev lighthouse, and from about. Gogland part of the route "Shch-317" was supposed to go as part of a convoy en route to Hanko. On the night of November 3, she independently arrived at Fr. Gogland and lay down on the ground at the designated point. At 18.00 on November 3, she began to ascend according to the plan to join the convoy, but was discovered in the air bubble by the Soviet boat "MO", mistaken for the enemy and attacked with depth charges. Having received damage to instruments and mechanisms from nearby explosions, she surfaced and came under artillery fire: of the 15 45-mm shells fired at her, several pierced the durable hull in the area of ​​the second compartment. Only after the identification light signals were given, the hunter stopped firing at the boat. After repairing the hole, she entered Surkyul Bay, jumped onto the rocks at the entrance, and ultimately returned to Kronstadt on November 6 for repairs. January 24, 1942 Captain-Lieutenant Nikolai Konstantinovich Mokhov was appointed commander. On June 11 she left Fr. Lavensari and went on a military campaign. On June 16, she reported on the successful crossing of the Gulf of Finland, and only on July 10 did she get in touch again with a report on the use of torpedoes, the sinking of five transports (the death of all ships was subsequently confirmed by foreign sources) and the start of movement to the base. She did not return to Kronstadt: according to Finnish data, on July 12 in the area of ​​\u200b\u200b. Roadsher aerial reconnaissance discovered an oil slick, and after repeated bombings, wooden debris, mattresses, life preservers, etc. surfaced there. It can be assumed that the "Shch-317" was blown up by a mine in the Gulf of Finland on July 12, and only then, on July 15, was sunk by depth charges of the Finnish minelayers "Ruotsinsalmi", the patrol boat "VMV-16" and aircraft.

Duration of combat service - 12.8 months (June 22, 1941 - July 15, 1942). 2 military campaigns (55 days). At least 5 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 5 ships (10997 GRT) were sunk.

"Shch-318"

Laid down on July 23, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 194, serial number 294. On August 11, 1935, it was launched. On August 30, 1936 it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet.

On June 22, 1941, she met Vladimir Konstantinovich Afanasyev under the command of Lieutenant Commander (later captain 3rd rank) as part of the 7th Division of the 2nd Submarine Brigade in Tallinn. On September 26 and October 2, while stationed in Kronstadt, she received damage to her durable hull from nearby shell explosions. On October 26, she left Kronstadt on a military campaign. but in the area about. Gogland sat on a stone ridge from where she was able to get off only with the help of three minesweepers, after which on October 31 she returned to the base for repairs. In August 1942, captain 3rd rank Butyshkin Nikolai Nikiforovich was appointed commander. On October 13, while practicing combat training tasks in an underwater position on the Neva, it hit the bull of the Volodarsky Bridge, damaged the propellers and hull rudders, and was again undergoing lengthy repairs. On May 17, 1943, captain-lieutenant (later captain 3rd rank) Loshkarev Lev Aleksandrovich was appointed commander. At the end of the summer, she practiced combat training tasks at the training ground on the Krasnogorsk roadstead. In the first half of 1944 received the Dragon-129 hydroacoustic station and by August was ready to go to sea. On September 28, she left Kronstadt and on October 7 took up a holding position 50 miles west of Libau. Due to the unpreparedness of the personnel and equipment, instruments and mechanisms began to fail (vertical and horizontal rudders, anti-aircraft periscopes, electric motor station, fuel tank No. 1), however, having exceeded autonomy, it was able to achieve success. 1945 I met in the next renovation. On January 16, it took up a position in the Memel-Libava area. Bad weather conditions and continuous breakdowns of equipment made it possible to sink the transport only on February 4th. On February 10, at night, in poor visibility, she was hit by a ramming attack from an unidentified target, as a result of which the vertical and horizontal rudders failed, returned to base and was repaired. Based on indirect data, it can be assumed that the Ammerland transport collided with the Shch-318, which sank as a result.

Duration of combat service - 46.5 months (June 22, 1941 - May 9, 1945). 3 military campaigns (97 days). 4 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 2 ships (8120 GRT) were sunk.

"Shch-319"

Laid down on December 31, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 194, serial number 367. On February 15, 1935, it was launched. On December 11, 1936, it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet.

On June 22, 1941, she met the 2nd submarine brigade in Tallinn under the command of Lieutenant Commander Agashin Nikolai Sidorovich as part of the 7th Division. On September 20, she left Kronstadt for operations in the Libau region, but did not make contact and did not return to base. Presumably hit a mine and died in the Gulf of Finland west of the Rodsher lighthouse.

Duration of combat service - 3 months (June 22, 1941 - September 22, 1941). 2 military campaigns (17 days).

"Shch-320"

Laid down on December 31, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 194, serial number 368. On February 12, 1935, it was launched. On December 11, 1936 it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet.

On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Lieutenant Commander (later captain 3rd rank) Ivan Makarovich Vishnevsky as part of the 7th Division of the 2nd Submarine Brigade in Tallinn. June 13, 1942 left Kronstadt to operate on enemy communications. In violation of the instructions of the command, she made the transition to Fr. Lavensari was on the surface and was attacked by enemy aircraft: as a result of the explosion of 16 bombs in the immediate vicinity of the ship, mine branches were torn off, and many instruments and mechanisms were damaged. Despite this, the military campaign continued. The exit was relatively successful and on October 1, the submarine again went on a combat mission. This time she did not get in touch and did not return to the base: she was allegedly blown up on October 3 by a floating mine in the battery charging area northwest of the island. Vaindlaw. On October 23, she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

Duration of combat service - 15.4 months (June 22, 1941 - October 3, 1942). 4 military campaigns (97 days). 4 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 1 ship (676 GRT) was sunk and in addition, 2 more ships were possibly sunk.

"Shch-322"

Laid down on December 31, 1934 in Gorky at plant No. 112 (Krasnoe Sormovo), serial number 550/6. April 10, 1935 launched. On November 4, 1936, she became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet.

On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Lieutenant Commander (later captain 3rd rank) Viktor Andreevich Ermilov as part of the 7th Division of the 2nd Submarine Brigade in Tallinn. On October 10, she set out on her second military campaign from Kronstadt. The crossing of the Gulf of Finland was to be carried out as part of a group of three submarines, and to the Cary lighthouse in providing minesweepers and small hunters. When leaving Fr. Gogland on the night of October 12, minesweepers hit two mines at once and the marching formation was disrupted, while the Shch-322 rammed the MO-310, and did not receive serious damage, but fell behind. Soon, a strong explosion was heard on the ships that had gone ahead; it can be assumed that the Shch-322 was blown up by a mine.

Duration of combat service - 3.7 months (June 22, 1941 - October 12, 1941). 2 military campaigns (32 days)

"Shch-323"

Laid down on December 31, 1934 in Gorky at plant No. 112 (Krasnoye Sormovo), serial number 550/7. April 10, 1935 launched. On November 3, 1936 it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet.

On June 22, 1941, she met the 2nd submarine brigade in Tallinn under the command of Lieutenant-Commander Fyodor Ivanovich Ivantsov, as part of the 7th Division. On October 13, she discovered the light cruiser Cologne, which was shelling Cape Ristan while guarding destroyers, but due to the unpreparedness of the personnel, the attack failed. On October 18, during a storm, the vertical rudder failed due to the impact of the waves, so we switched to controlling the machines. Subsequently, the steering wheel was put into operation, but it worked very unreliably. On the night of October 19, in poor visibility conditions, to avoid a collision with oncoming traffic, she turned on her running lights, and at 6.31 she separated from other vehicles only 6 cabs apart. On January 17, 1942 she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. On July 9, captain 2nd rank Andronov Alexey Gerasimovich was appointed commander. On August 23, she left Kronstadt for the Baltic Sea, but only on September 1 was she able to start moving from the island. Lavensari. On the same day, she was blown up by an antenna mine, received serious damage to the hull, which limited the diving depth to twenty meters, and returned to base... On November 28, while parked in Leningrad, shrapnel from an aerial bomb pierced the durable hull and damaged the battery. May 1, 1943 began the transition from Leningrad to Kronstadt. in conditions of poor visibility, due to an error in calculating its position (the tachometer readings when the electric motors were running were taken for the propeller revolutions under diesel engines) and the absence of a control vessel in the designated place, it left the fairway, was blown up by a bottom mine and sank - only periscope stands, most of the crew, including the commander. died. In 1944, the boat was raised, but was not put into operation.

Duration of combat service - 22.3 months (June 22, 1941 - May 1, 1943). 2 military campaigns (51 days). 7 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 1 ship (3724 GRT) was sunk and possibly 4 more ships were sunk.

"Shch-324"

Laid down on December 31, 1934 in Gorky at plant No. 112 (Krasnoye Sormovo), serial number 550/8. April 10, 1935 launched. On October 31, 1936, it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. She took part in the Soviet-Finnish War, and on April 21, 1940 she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Lieutenant-Commander Georgiy Ioramovich Tarkhnishvili as part of the 7th Division of the 2nd Submarine Brigade in Tallinn. On November 3, it left Kronstadt with the task of taking up a position at the entrance to the Gulf of Finland by November 5 to cover the evacuation from Hanko. At the appointed time, a report was received about the occupation of the area, but she did not make contact again and did not return to the base, presumably she was blown up by a mine and died.

Duration of combat service - 4.5 months (June 22, 1941 - November 7, 1941). 2 military campaigns (23 days).

"Shch-401"

Laid down on December 4, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipyard) under the designation "Shch-313, serial number 253. Launched on June 28, 1935. July 23, 1936 became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. 16 May 1937 assigned the designation "Shch-401".

On May 28, 1937, she began the transition to the North along the White Sea-Baltic Canal. On June 27, 1937 it became part of the Northern Fleet. On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Captain-Lieutenant Moiseev Arkady Efimovich as part of the 3rd division of the submarine brigade in Polyarny. On the same day, she went on a military campaign to the area of ​​Fr. Vardo. On July 14, a minesweeper was attacked in Persfjord. During the attack, she was discovered, was bombarded with depth charges, was damaged and was forced to return to base. On August 13, while parked for repairs in Rost, 1 person was killed, three were wounded, and another was missing from air bombs that exploded nearby. In April 1942, she operated in the Tanafjord area - Cape Nordkin, from where on April 23 she reported an attack on two transports, but did not make contact again and did not return to base. It is possible that when returning to the base in Varangerfjord on April 24, she was mistakenly attacked by Soviet torpedo boats TKA-13 and TKA-14 and sunk by torpedoes and depth charges.

The duration of combat service is 10 months (June 22, 1941 - April 24, 1942). 8 military campaigns (127 days). 7 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 1 ship (1359 GRT) and 1 ship were sunk, and possibly 1 more ship was sunk,

"Shch-402"

Laid down on December 4, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipyard) under the designation "Shch-314, serial number 254. Launched on June 28, 1935. September 29, 1936 became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. 16 May 1937 assigned the designation "Shch-402".

On May 28, 1937, she began the transition to the North along the White Sea-Baltic Canal. On June 30, 1937 it became part of the Northern Fleet. On June 22, 1941, she met Nikolai Guryevich Stolbov under the command of senior lieutenant (later captain-lieutenant, captain 3rd rank) as part of the 3rd division of the submarine brigade in Polyarny. On July 11, she took up a position in the Porsangerfjord area, but, without finding the enemy, on July 14, she penetrated the roadstead of the port of Honningsvåg and attacked transport there. On August 16, she returned to base ahead of schedule, since, according to the commander, she could not be at sea due to the passage of water through the rivet of the diesel gas outlet. At the same time, when approaching the shore, it turned out that the submarine had a position discrepancy of 29 miles and instead of Cape Kildin-East it ended up at Cape Sharapova, which could lead to shelling of it by coastal defense artillery. When examining the "Shch-402" at the base, they came to the conclusion that it could well have been in position with such a malfunction; this was simply a reason for an early return from the sea. In the order of the Fleet Commander, the ship's commander was arrested for 10 days while performing his duties, and the military commander, senior political instructor, Alexander Borisovich Kochergin, was severely reprimanded. On August 27, a new military commissar, political instructor Nikolai Afanasyevich Dolgopolov, was appointed to "Shch-402". On September 10, she returned to base early again, this time due to electrolyte spillage.

On March 3, 1942, after an attack by an anti-submarine warfare ship, she was pursued and damaged by nearby depth charge explosions. On March 10 at 22.11, due to an error in measuring the presence of fuel in the tanks, it remained idle 30 miles from the North Cape. On March 11 at 2.10, "D-3", located 40 - 60 miles north, was sent to help "Shch-402". to the west of it, and at 18.45, “K-21” left Polyarny at full surface speed; to reduce the time of transition to the “Shch-402” area, it was assigned a route only 25 miles from the enemy coast. At 6.47, being 22 miles from the enemy’s coast, she successfully launched a diesel engine using oil diluted with kerosene and began moving to base at 4 knots. On March 12 at 13.00 "K-21" arrived in the area, but "Shch-402" did not find it and began searching for it in a square with a side of 40 miles. On March 13 at 5.45 the oil ran out and the submarine began to drift again. The commander, not knowing what measures had been taken to assist his ship, decided to contact the coastal command post without any restrictions and thus attract enemy forces in order to inflict maximum damage on him in battle. However, having received updated data on the location of "Shch-402", at 11.53 "K-21" discovered at a distance of 40 - 50 cabs the silhouette of a submarine, which turned out to be "Shch-402". At 12.45, the transfer of 8 tons of fuel and 120 liters of oil began. The fuel was transferred by a hose fed through the wheelhouse hatch and the open neck of the fuel tank in a durable casing. All the weapons of both submarines were prepared for immediate action, and people with axes stood on the mooring lines to ensure an urgent dive. At 13.43, the fuel transfer was completed, and both submarines, after trimming one by one, headed to the base. On April 3, she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. On August 14, during the ventilation of batteries in Tanafjord, an explosion occurred in the second and third compartments. Of those in the bow of the submarine, one torpedoman survived in the first compartment, who could only be removed to the upper deck through a hatch: the door from the fourth compartment to the third was jammed, and a fire was raging in the 2nd compartment. A total of 19 people died, including: the commander, military commissar, assistant commander and navigator - the boat returned to base. On August 14, captain-lieutenant (later captain 3rd rank) Alexander Moiseevich Kautsky was appointed commander.

On July 25, 1943, awarded the title "Guards". In August, it deployed east of Cape Zhelaniya to cover our Arctic communications. On September 17, 1944, she went to sea to operate on enemy communications. On September 21, three Soviet torpedo bombers flew into the same area, one of which discovered an idle submarine on the approaches to the village of Gamvik and attacked it with a torpedo, as a result of which the Shch-402 was sunk. She became the last submarine of the Northern Fleet to die.

Duration of combat service - 39 months (June 22, 1941 - September 21, 1944). 16 military campaigns (232 days). 11 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 1 ship (682 GRT) and 1 ship were sunk.

"Shch-403"

Laid down on December 25, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipyard) under the designation "Shch-315", serial number 261. On December 31, 1935, it was launched. On September 26, 1936 it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. On May 16, 1937, the designation "Shch-403" was assigned.

On May 28, 1937, she began the transition to the North along the White Sea-Baltic Canal. On June 19, 1937 it became part of the Northern Fleet. On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Lieutenant Commander Semyon Ivanovich Kovalenko as part of the 3rd division of the submarine brigade in Polyarny. With the outbreak of hostilities, she was relocated to Iokanka and in July carried out patrol duty on the approaches to the White Sea. On November 20 she returned to Polyarny.

On February 13, 1942, to ensure the landing of the reconnaissance group on the shore, 5 people were sent on two rubber boats, but the boats, before reaching the shore, for some reason began to drift. The boats, pulled to the side of the ship by the rescue ends, found themselves without Red Navy men and oars, the commander refused to land the reconnaissance group and departed from the shore on February 19 at Honisvåg, following on the surface, in poor visibility conditions she was suddenly attacked from the stern by a surface ship, and as a result of a shell hit she received a hole in a durable hull. Evading the attack, she made an urgent dive, but at a depth of 7.5 m she was damaged by a ramming blow. During the urgent dive, remaining on the bridge penultimate, the military commissar of "Shch-403", senior political instructor F.V. Polyansky. battened down the conning hatch behind him, leaving the seriously wounded commander on the bridge

On March 28, captain-lieutenant (later captain 3rd rank) Konstantin Matveevich Shuisky was appointed commander. During the repair, it received the Dragon-129 hydroacoustic station. On July 7, while in position, she was attacked by torpedoes from an enemy submarine, but evaded them. On July 24, she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. On August 11, after a transport attack, she was attacked by anti-submarine ships for 2 hours and 47 minutes, 118 depth charges were dropped on her. On September 12, while moving from base to position, she was attacked by three torpedoes from an unknown submarine, but she noticed them in time and dodged. On October 2, 1943, she went on another military campaign and did not return from it; she presumably died from a mine explosion in the Congofjord area.

Duration of combat service - 49.6 months (June 22, 1941 - October 10, 1944). 14 military campaigns (165 days). 10 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 1 ship was possibly sunk.

"Shch-404"

Laid down on December 25, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipyard) under the designation "Shch-316, serial number 262. On December 27, 1935, it was launched. On September 26, 1936, it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. 16 May 1937 assigned the designation "Shch-404".

On May 28, 1937, she began the transition to the North along the White Sea-Baltic Canal. On June 30, 1937 it became part of the Northern Fleet. On June 22, 1941, she met Vladimir Alekseevich Ivanov under the command of Lieutenant Commander (later captain 3rd rank) as part of the 3rd division of the submarine brigade in Polyarny. With the outbreak of hostilities, she was relocated to Iokanka and in July carried out patrol duty on the approaches to the White Sea. In October he returns to Polyarny. On April 1, 1942, after a transport attack, she was pursued and, as a result of close explosions of depth charges (a total of 58 of them were dropped), she received damage to her hull and mechanisms. On April 3, she launched a torpedo attack, but due to the fault of the personnel, the torpedoes did not come out; finally, the stern horizontal rudders jammed and she spontaneously lay down on the ground at a depth of 51 m. On June 30, while parking in Murmansk, she was damaged by close explosions of aerial bombs

On February 28, 1943, captain-lieutenant (later captain 3rd rank) Makarenkov Grigory Filippovich was appointed commander. On April 19, while attempting to attack a convoy, she was discovered, was pursued for nine hours during which 174 depth charges were dropped on her, but remained in position. Upon arrival at the base, she went into repairs where she received the Dragon-129 hydroacoustic station. On July 24 she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. On September 14, after the sinking of the transport, she was persecuted during which 100 bombs were dropped on her. Since the end of 1943, it has not taken part in hostilities. In June 1944, captain 3rd rank Golev Sergei Aleksandrovich was appointed commander.

Duration of combat service - 46.5 months (June 22, 41 - May 9, 1945). 14 military campaigns (231 days). 12 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 1 ship was sunk (2793 GRT), in addition, 2 ships were possibly sunk and 1 ship was damaged.

"Shch-421"

Laid down on November 20, 1934 in Gorky at plant No. 112 (Krasnoye Sormovo) from parts manufactured at the Kolomensky Machine-Building Plant named after. Kuibyshev under the designation "Shch-313", serial number 83. On May 12, 1935, it was launched. On December 5, 1937 it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet.

On May 19, 1939, she began the transition to the North along the White Sea-Baltic Canal. On June 17, 1939, the designation "Shch-421" was assigned. On June 21, 1939 it became part of the Northern Fleet. On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Lieutenant Commander (later captain 3rd rank) Nikolai Aleksandrovich Lunin as part of the 3rd division of the submarine brigade in the dispersal area in Olenya Bay. On the same day it reached the Kerkenes area, but did not find the enemy; on July 18 it was damaged by aircraft in Polyarny. On February 28, 1942, captain-lieutenant Fedor Alekseevich Vidyaev was appointed commander. On April 3, she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. On April 8, in the area of ​​the North Cape at a depth of 15 m, it was blown up by an antenna mine, lost speed and the ability to dive. On April 9, it was sunk by a torpedo from the K-22. which previously removed the crew from it.

Duration of combat service - 9.6 months (June 22, 1941 - April 9, 1942). 6 military campaigns (98 days). 8 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 1 ship was sunk (2975 GRT), in addition, 1 ship was possibly sunk.

"Shch-422"

On December 15, 1934, in Gorky, at plant No. 112 (Krasnoye Sormovo), the assembly of the hull began from parts manufactured at the Kolomensky Machine-Building Plant named after. Kuibyshev under the designation "Shch-314", serial number 84. On April 12, 1935, it was launched. On December 6, 1937 it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet.

On May 19, 1939, she began the transition to the North along the White Sea-Baltic Canal. On June 17, 1939, the designation "Shch-422" was assigned. On June 21, 1939 it became part of the Northern Fleet. On June 22, 1941, she met Alexey Kiryanovich Malyshev under the command of Lieutenant Commander (later captain 3rd rank) as part of the 3rd division of the submarine brigade in the dispersal area in Olenya Bay. On October 6, upon arrival at the position, the commander reported that he could not continue to carry out the assigned combat mission due to three fingers being broken by the bulkhead door. "Shch-422" was returned to base. On January 26, 1942, she discovered a motorboat and, having removed the crew, sank it with artillery fire. On January 27, after the attack on the transport, while charging the batteries, suddenly at a distance of 20 kb she discovered an enemy destroyer coming towards her, which from a distance of 10 kab opened artillery fire on the already sinking submarine, and after passing over it, dropped several depth charges. She received some damage and returned to base. On March 29, while in position, she discovered a submarine on the surface, but considering it her Shch-421, she refused the attack. On June 10, captain-lieutenant (later captain 3rd rank) Fedor Alekseevich Vidyaev was appointed commander. After the vehicle attack on August 24, she was pursued for an hour and 48 minutes. During this time, 177 depth charges were dropped on it.

1943 met in navigation repairs. On July 1, she went out on another military campaign and did not return to the base. Presumably she died from a mine explosion or was sunk on July 17 by depth charges of the anti-submarine defense ships "Uj-1206", "Uj-1212" and "UJ-1217", on July 25 she was awarded the title "Gvardeiskaya".

Duration of combat service - 24.8 months (June 22, 1941 - July 17, 1943). 15 military campaigns (235 days). 14 torpedo attacks, which may have sunk 1 ship. 1 ship was sunk by artillery fire.

"Shch-424"

Laid down on December 17, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipyard) under the designation “Shch-312, serial number 260.” Launched on April 27, 1935. On December 15, 1935, renamed “Shch-321.” On July 17, 1936 it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet.

On May 19, 1939, she began the transition to the North along the White Sea-Baltic Canal. On June 17, it was renamed Shch-424. On June 21 it became part of the Northern Fleet. On October 20, at the exit from the Kola Bay, it was rammed by the fishing trawler "RT-43". The blow hit the left side in the wheelhouse area, after 3 minutes the submarine sank at a depth of 250 m. 10 (according to other sources 7) people were saved, including commander-lieutenant Shuisky, military commissar Kondakov, assistant commander Malyshev, navigator Gavrilov, miner Sinyakov.

The main area of ​​operation of submarines of types S, Shch, V

8.2.1. S-14 series IX bis

Lieutenant Commander, Captain 3rd Rank V.P. Kalanin

Laid down in 1938 at the Krasnoe Sormovo plant in Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod). Launched in 1939. By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the ship had 94.7% readiness. In the fall of 1941, the submarine was transferred to the Caspian Sea, where it was completed in Astrakhan and underwent acceptance tests in Baku. In 1942 it entered service as part of the Caspian military flotilla.
14.04.-25.05.43 “S-14”, as part of a separate detachment of submarines, made the transition from Baku to the North along the route: Astrakhan – Volga – Rybinsk – North Dvina Canal – Kubenskoye Lake – Sukhona – Northern Dvina – Arkhangelsk and was assigned to the 2nd division of the Northern Fleet submarine brigade .
18.06.43 By order of the People's Commissar of the Navy, the ship received the name "Heroic Sevastopol".
07-09.43 refurbishment and combat training course.
28.09.43 The submarine arrived in Polyarnoye.
01.44 The first combat exit took place in the area between Vardø and the North Cape. During its cruising, the submarine detected targets only twice: on the afternoon of January 8, a minesweeper and on the evening of January 9, a motorboat, but both times the submarine commander refused to attack, the first time due to strong seas; the second, considering the target to be of little value. The next patrols in the same January in the Laksefjord area did not produce results.

02-03.44 patrolling at Cape Nordkin.
04.44 The patrols also did not bring results, and therefore the command was very dissatisfied with the actions of the S-14 commander, considering them unsatisfactory.
11.07.44 in this fifth military campaign, which took place in the Porsangerfjord area, the submarine left under the tutelage of the commander of the 5th submarine division, captain 2nd rank P.I. Egorova. On the afternoon of July 11, “S-14” happily evaded an attack by an unknown (no enemy data) submarine, and on the morning of July 12, having received intelligence information about the passage of an enemy convoy, it moved to Cape Harbacken. During the shift in the evening in the Berlevog-Makkaur area, in two stages she discharged the bow torpedo tubes at a single ship, which in fact turned out to be a storm-tossed and sitting on the rocks transport "Natal", which had already been fired upon with torpedoes "M-201", "M- 104" and "M-105".
08.08.44 S-14 is on its sixth combat mission in the Kongsfjord area. No results. On the morning of August 9, off Cape Makkaur, the S-14 fired four torpedoes at a transport escorted by two minesweepers. Soon, an explosion was recorded on the submarine (due to the whistle in the speaking pipes, only two crew members heard it), and when examining the horizon through the periscope, one of the minesweepers was not observed, which was the reason for the victorious report. As a result, the command considered the minesweeper attacked by the submarine to be only “damaged”, and the German convoy consisting of the Reinhard L.M. transport. Russ" under the protection of patrolmen "Nki-03" and "Nki-05" (see) arrived at their destination without losses.
09.44 access to the Tanafjord area again became fruitless. The submarine spent a significant part of its patrol time in a waiting position, since the submarine commander misinterpreted the order of the Northern Fleet commander (which is not specifically stated in the source).
13.10.44 As part of the Petsamo-Kirkines operation, the submarine S-14 left the base and took up a position near the North Cape. On the afternoon of October 16, “S-14” attacked a group of minesweepers. As a result of the attack, according to the report of the submarine commander, one of the ships was literally torn to pieces, the second received a torpedo under the bridge. In response, the “sunk” minesweepers “M-302”, “M-321” and “M-322” from the 22nd flotilla subjected the submarine to a 3-hour pursuit, dropping three dozen depth charges on it at a safe distance. The second attack by the S-14 took place on the morning of October 20, when off the North Cape the submarine fired 4 torpedoes at a guarded transport. After 120 seconds, a strong explosion was heard on the submarine, and when examining the horizon through the periscope, the target was not detected. The enemy does not comment on this attack; the torpedoes were probably fired at a ship from a group of Norwegian coasters, the fact of whose death can neither be confirmed nor denied now. On October 22, the S-14 arrived in Polyarnoye.
In October 1944 The end point of German communications was Tormsø, which was in the area of ​​operational responsibility of Great Britain. From November 1944, the Northern Fleet submarines stopped entering their positions.
11.11.44 "S-14" is undergoing routine repairs. The ship celebrated Victory Day at the side of the Red Horn floating workshop.

8.2.2. S-15 series |X- encore

Captain 3rd Rank A.I. Madisson (22.04.43-24.02.44),
lieutenant captain, captain 3rd rank G.K. Vasiliev (24.02.44-09.05.45).

19.02.44 The S-15 submarine went on a combat mission. The next day, the submarine returned to base due to the commander’s illness, and four days later, on February 24, 1944, Captain 3rd Rank A.I. Madison committed suicide. In 1938 A.I. Madisson was unreasonably repressed and spent more than a year in prison, after which he returned to the fleet. He met the Second World War as a captain-lieutenant in the position of commander of the submarine "Ronis", which was under repair in Liepaja on June 22, 1941. Due to the threat of the ship being captured by the enemy, on the orders of the senior commander, he blew up his boat and, together with the crew members, went to his own. Madisson was lucky to survive the defense of Liepaja. On April 22, 1943, he received under his command the submarine C-15 of the Caspian military flotilla, which he then transferred to the North.
03.44 Captain-Lieutenant Georgy Konstantinovich Vasiliev was appointed commander of the S-15.
25.05.44 By evening, the S-15, under the command of Lieutenant Commander G.K. Vasiliev, received a message from aerial reconnaissance that an enemy convoy had been detected in the area of ​​Cape Nordkin.

The convoy consisting of 5 transports and 25 escort ships (5 EM, 6 SKR, 10 SK, 4 TSCH) was heading east. The S-15 was approaching the enemy at full speed while on the surface. On the approach to the minefields, the S-15 submerged and then followed under water. At the end of the day, she arrived at the settlement point near Cape Kharbacken. The convoy was discovered around 0400. After 30 minutes, from a distance of 14, the S-15 fired four torpedoes at the end vessel. It later turned out that the boat sank the German transport Solviken (3500 GRT) with three torpedoes. ( Although the commander claimed that he heard the explosions of all four torpedoes.). Wanting to make sure of success, Vasiliev gave the command to surface under the periscope, but a strong wave threw the bow of the "esque" to the surface. A counterattack immediately followed from the Germans. In a few hours, hunters Uj-1209, Uj-1219 and Uj-1220 (see) dropped about 80 depth charges on the S-15. The explosions broke the tightness of the ballast tank, the diesel cooling pump and the anti-aircraft periscope lifting device failed, and eight battery tanks were broken. Then, at the moment of crossing the minefield, the electrolyte on the boat caught fire. The fire was extinguished but further stay in position became impossible. Before the S-15 attack late at night, the convoy had already been successfully attacked by the M-201 submarine, which also received information from aerial reconnaissance. The TFR was sunk and the transport was damaged. Then she was chased. In just 5 hours, 52 close and two and a half hundred distant explosions were counted on the M-201; just at this time the convoy was bombed by Soviet aircraft (Results are unknown).
08.44 the next sixth operation was carried out using the tactical technique of an overhanging curtain, in which four submarines (“S-15”, “S-51”, “S-103” and “M-201”) took part in the variant of using heterogeneous forces of the Northern Fleet on communications enemy, operation "RV-7". In this operation, submarines used trackless electric torpedoes for the first time.
The essence of the operation was the delivery of coordinated attacks by disparate fleet forces on enemy convoys along their entire route from Tromsø to the Varangerfjord, including loading and unloading ports.
The operations usually lasted two to three weeks and were timed to coincide with periods of the most intense convoy traffic. The maximum possible number of submarines, aircraft, and surface ships participated in the operations.
From January 16 to October 18, 1944, the Northern Fleet carried out seven “RV” (“Defeat the Enemy”) operations. “RV-1” January 16-February 5, “RV-2” February 20-30, “RV-3” May 16-31, “RV-4” June 10-25, “RV-5” July 9-17 , “RV-6” August 19-28, “RV-7” September 24-October 18. The results of the participation of PL, MA and NK in “RV” operations are reflected rather sparingly in the relevant sections and paragraphs due to the lack of data. Moreover, in the open literature, no analysis of the results of each individual “RV” operation as a whole has been found (in terms of the composition of forces, the system and means of controlling heterogeneous forces, the results of detection and enemy attacks, etc.).


The basis for the success of the operation was considered to be continuous reconnaissance, which was carried out by all forces and means. They were supposed to mutually inform each other about the movement of the detected convoy and direct strike groups at it. In the intervals between operations, which usually lasted two to three months, daily (systematic) combat operations were carried out. There were still some examples of such actions.
August 23 The submarine "S-15" (commanded by captain 3rd rank G, K. Vasiliev) received a notification from a reconnaissance aircraft about the movement of an enemy convoy. Having crossed a minefield at a depth of 80 m, the boat approached the shore near Cape Sletnes. On the morning of August 24, the commander, using a periscope, discovered a convoy consisting of three transports and 14 escort ships. Having approached to a distance of 10 cabins, the S-15 attacked the largest ship in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bCape Omgang with four traceless torpedoes. Two torpedoes hit the target. Two torpedoes hit the target, the Dessau transport (about 6000 GRT) sank (see table at the end of the page). The submarine "S-15" (Captain 3rd Rank G.I. Vasiliev) carried out the first attack in the Northern Fleet using electric torpedoes.

8.2.3. S-16 episode |X-bis

captain 2nd rank I.K. Century (11.42-13.06.44),
captain 3rd rank A.V. Lepyoshkin (13.06.44-09.05.45).

20.02.44 entered service and became part of the Caspian Flotilla.
15.03.44 The submarine left Baku.
24.04.44 By order of the People's Commissar of the Navy, the ship received the name “Hero of the Soviet Union Nurseites.”
20.05.44 arrived in Molotovsk (now Severodvinsk). On the same day, the submarine was assigned to the Northern Fleet.
13.06.44 Captain 3rd Rank Alexey Vasilievich Lepeshkin was appointed commander of the S-16.
19.10.44 arrived in Polyarnoye.
07.11.44 "S-16" reached a position in the area between Tanafjord and North Cape. The first combat campaign of the submarine was provided by the commander of the 2nd division, captain 2nd rank I.F. Kucherenko. On the morning of November 8, the submarine occupied the indicated area.
10.11.44 The submarine, by order of the command, moved to the area of ​​Cape Nordkin, where on the afternoon of November 10, due to the large heading angle, it was unable to attack the convoy.
12.11.44 The submarine moved to the mouth of the Porsangerfjord.
19.11.44 "S-16" interrupted the campaign and headed to the base. A high-pressure air compressor coil burst on a submarine.
21.11.44 "S-16" arrived in Polyarnoye. Went in for repairs.
10.44 The end point of German communications was Tormsø, which was in the zone of operational responsibility of the Allies; the departure of the Northern Fleet submarines to attack the convoys was soon stopped. However, German submarines operated off our coast until the end of the Second World War. Apparently the command of the Northern Fleet at that time was not ready to use our submarines en masse to search for and destroy German submarines, and yet the S-54 went to sea twice to search for enemy submarines, and although on August 23 the S-54 discovered an enemy submarine "U-bot", but pre-success "S-101" failed and the boat returned to base.
So, the S-16 made 1 combat mission. She did not launch torpedo attacks.

8.2.4. S-51 series |X

lieutenant captain, captain 3rd, 2nd rank Hero of the Soviet Union I.F. Kucherenko (06.12.41-04.43),
captain 3rd rank K.M. Kolosov (04.43 -09.05.45).

11/15/44 awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

06.12.41 S-51
05.11.42 together with "S-54", "S-55", and "S-56" began the transition from the Pacific Ocean to the North. The commander of the submarine division, Hero of the Soviet Union, Captain 1st Rank Tripolsky, who was on board the S-51, commanded the transition. Having covered 17,000 miles, two oceans and nine seas in 2,200 running hours, on January 24, 1943, the boat arrived in Polyarnoye.
09.05.43 "S-51" went out on its first combat mission. On May 13, she unsuccessfully attacked the Africana transport with torpedoes, after which she was subjected to a counterattack by enemy anti-aircraft forces.
06.43 The next two trips ended in vain, although the boat attacked twice (June 23 and 27).
03.09.43 in the fourth military campaign in the Kongsfjord area, the S-51 attacked a convoy from Kirkenes with four torpedoes (the commander of the boat identified 1 transport, 2 minesweepers. In fact, the S-51 attacked a detachment of warships - 3 submarine hunters from the 12th flotilla, as a result of which the hunter “Uj-1202” “Franz Dankworth” sank. Human intelligence confirmed the sinking of the German TFR at 70.47 north latitude / 29.35 east longitude. Of its crew, 15 people were killed, 7 were wounded. The S-51 submarine was unsuccessfully counterattacked by the remaining ships of the detachment, the submarine hunters - Uj 1209 and Uj 1214, who dropped 7 depth charges at a safe distance from the submarine. Subsequently, the S-51 went out to the detected targets. attacked again on September 5 and 8, but both times were unsuccessful.
10.09.43 "S-51" returned to base and went into repairs, which lasted until February 1944.
18.03.44 "S-51" went on a combat mission to attack the battleship "Tirpitz", which, according to intelligence data, was supposed to return to Germany after eliminating the damage caused to it by British small submarines (see paragraph 4.14.), but the battleship did not go to sea, and "S-51" returned to base And got up for repairs and its commander, Captain 2nd Rank I.F. Kucherenko, began to command the 2nd Division of the Northern Fleet submarine. On June 8, 1945, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Captain 3rd Rank Kolosov Konstantin Mikhailovich, who previously commanded the M-119, was appointed the new commander of the boat. The last two campaigns with the new commander were unsuccessful.
According to the report on the combat activity of the submarine "S-51" 1944 August 17 - September 2
“... At 20-14 17.08 she went on the sixth combat campaign to the Porsangerfjord area in sector No. 1 according to the plan of operation “RV-7” as part of an overhanging curtain. 19.08. The submarine did not have time to take up a position in time to intercept the convoy, arriving only on the afternoon of August 19, and thus had a discrepancy of 45 miles to the island. 26.08. at 07-58 north of the mouth of the Porsangerfjord it was unsuccessfully attacked by the German submarine “U-711”. 28.08. in the evening she was unable to attack the convoy in the area of ​​Cape Sletnes due to the long distance and unfavorable heading angle. 29.08. The cable of the commander's periscope broke and the periscope came out of position. 01.09. at 01-07 she began returning. 02.09. at 04-45 arrived in Polyarnoye.
So, the S-51 completed 7 combat missions. 1 warship was sunk 09/03/1943 TFR “Uj-1202” (“Franz Dankward”).

8.2.5. S-54 episode |X-bis

Lieutenant Commander, Captain 3rd Rank D.K. Brother

05.01.42 became part of the Pacific Fleet.
05.10.42 began the transition from the Pacific Ocean to the North through the Panama Canal, and on June 7, 1943 arrived in Polyarnoye.
27.06.43 that night the S-54 went out on its first combat mission. The submarine was to operate in the Berlevåg-Persfjord area.

The baptism of fire for the submarine crew was provided by the commander of the 2nd division of the Northern Fleet submarine, Captain 1st Rank A.V. Tripolsky. On the afternoon of June 28, off Cape Makkaur, the S-54 attacked an enemy patrol ship from a group of hunters heading to join the convoy with four torpedoes. 90 seconds after the launch of the torpedoes, a dull explosion was recorded on the submarine; A German anti-submarine ship recorded the explosions of three torpedoes on the coastal rocks. Since the enemy did not observe the salvo point or the torpedo trail, the submarine was not pursued.
On the morning of June 30"S-54" moved to the Berlevog-Nord Cape position area. On the same day, when crossing a possible minefield for the first time in the Northern Fleet, using the Dragon sonar installed during the submarine’s stay in England, the submarine carried out mine reconnaissance of the area. Subsequently, during combat patrols, the S-54 repeatedly (July 3, 5, 7 and 9) detected enemy mines with the help of the Dragon. It did not launch torpedo attacks, despite repeated detection of targets; On June 30, a detachment consisting of two minesweepers and a patrol ship was missed; on the night of July 4, a group of minesweepers was not attacked, and an hour later a schooner; on the evening of July 6, the commander refused to attack the patrol ship, and on the evening of July 8, the schooner was missed. The reasons for refusing to attack were the poor training of the submarine’s personnel (the steering group did not keep the boat at depth), and, as a result, the commander’s assumption that the submarine had been discovered. On the evening of July 11, the S-54 completed its first combat campaign.
07-08.43 The submarine made two trips to sea to search for enemy submarines. The submarine spent the end of July north of Cape Nordkin, but did not find anything except faint noises and oil stains of unknown origin on the surface of the water. The submarine spent the rest of August at the northern tip of Novaya Zemlya in the area of ​​​​Cape Zhelaniya, but even this time, although the submarine twice had contact with enemy submarines (in the morning of August 23 using hydroacoustics, and then visually, and in the evening of August 24 it detected the transmission of light identification signal), due to the long distance and thick fog, she was unable to launch an attack. It was not possible to repeat the success of the S-101; the submarine returned to Polyarnoye and soon began ongoing repairs, which lasted until the end of 1943.
02.44 "S-54" under the flag of the commander of the 2nd division, captain 1st rank A.V. Tripolsky went out for cruising in the Vardø area - North Cape. The enemy was discovered only once, on the morning of February 12, but the attack was prevented by stormy weather and a long distance to the target.
05.03.44 "S-54" set out on its last trip to the Kongseyfjord area to Cape Berleog.

March 10, 1944 the boat reported that it was heading to the base after a battle with the enemy, but did not arrive at the base.
05 — 20.03.1944 There are two versions regarding the death of the S-54: either it died on the NW-31 barrier mine in the Kongsfjord - Cape Sletnes area, which was laid by the Ostmark minelayer in July 1943, or the boat died as a result of the resulting damage from combat with the enemy on the way to base. There were 50 people on board the S-54 at the time of its death.
So, the S-54 made 5 combat missions. Didn't achieve results.

8.2.6. S-55 episode |X –bis

captain 3rd rank L.M. Sushkin (until 12/21/43?).
22.08.41 became part of the Pacific Fleet.
05.10.42 under the command of Captain 3rd Rank Lev Mikhailovich Sushkin, she began the transition to the North through the Panama Canal, and on March 8, 1943 she arrived in Polyarnoye.
24.03.43 The S-55, together with the destroyer Uritsky, ensured the return to Polyarnoye of the M-174 that had exploded on a mine in the Varanger Fjord.
28.03.43 "S-55" went on its first combat mission. The submarine operated northwest of Vardø and already 9 hours after the submarine occupied the designated area, it launched its first attack.

Four torpedoes were fired simultaneously at two collapsing ships of an enemy convoy heading west. Soon two dull explosions were recorded on the submarine, and both targets were considered hit. However, the convoy vessels, the tanker Liselotte Esberger and the transport Kifissia, noticed one of the torpedoes fired by a Soviet submarine in time and managed to carry out an evasive maneuver. The hunters “Uj-1103”, “Uj-1104” and “Uj-1109” accompanying the convoy, following a tip from an aircraft that had marked the torpedo launch site by dropping two bombs, counterattacked the submarine, adding another 21 depth charges. However, the Germans soon had to stop the pursuit; the convoy was attacked by Northern Fleet aviation (there is no data on the results of this attack by naval aviation in Section 6). The submariners attributed the bombs dropped by planes on the convoy to their own account, considering them (107 explosions were recorded on the submarine) as continued pursuit by anti-aircraft forces. Having received any serious damage (several outboard valves were blown up, several lighting bulbs were broken) as a result of a counterattack by PLO ships, the submarine continued operations in the designated area.
On the night of April 1, 1943“S-55” landed a reconnaissance group on the enemy’s coast, but the next day the campaign had to be interrupted. When crossing the Sperre-IV minefield at a depth of 60 m, the submarine touched the minefield, winding an 85-meter cable around the left propeller; the left shaft line is jammed, the electric motor burned out because the electric motor was not stopped in violation of the instructions. Fortunately, the mine did not explode, and the submarine received permission to return to base in the evening.
22.04.43 after a short renovation "S-55" left in the evening for operations between North Cape and Nordkin. The submarine had been patrolling the area for more than five days when on the evening of April 29 it discovered a convoy, which, according to the submarine commander, consisted of two transports guarded by three patrol boats and six minesweepers. (The actual composition of the convoy: four transports, a minesweeper, six guards and hunters). Four torpedoes were fired at two collapsing targets, and soon three explosions were recorded on the submarine, considering that hits were achieved on both ships. Meanwhile, the German coal miner “Schturtsee” (708 brt) with a load of iron ore, which did not have time to carry out an evasive maneuver, caught two torpedoes and quickly went under water. The Klaus Howald transport, which became the second target, escaped with a slight fright; The torpedo that jumped to the surface exploded after passing in front of the ship. The minesweeper M-343, which noticed the point of the torpedo salvo, counterattacked the submarine, quite accurately dropping 15 depth charges; their explosions threw the submarine 10 meters up, then the hunters “Uj-1207” and “Uj-1208” joined the anti-submarine search, dropping another 72 depth charges in three hours at a safe distance from the submarine. Having broken away from pursuit and surfacing, the submariners discovered that The bow of the light hull on the submarine was completely destroyed - the stem was torn off up to the third frame. In addition, the bombing on the S-55 damaged the front covers of the bow torpedo tubes, the kingstons of the bow ballast tanks, and the echo sounder was damaged. In this state of the ship it was impossible to continue the voyage; on the evening of April 30, the S-55 arrived in Polyarnoye.
30.04.43-15.09.43 emergency and current repairs, during which the Dragon-129 sonar was installed on the submarine
30.09.43 in the evening the submarine went out for operations in the area of ​​the island of Serø. On the night of October 6, the submarine landed a reconnaissance group on the enemy coast, after which it continued operations in the Porsangerfjord area. On the morning of October 12, 1943, the S-55 discovered an enemy convoy. As in previous attacks, the submarine commander fired torpedoes at two targets at once: ships weighing 8-10 and 3-4 thousand tons. The enemy noticed the submarine’s attack only thanks to an aircraft circling over the convoy; it was the first to drop depth charges at the salvo point. Meanwhile, the transport "Ammerland" (5281 brt) was already sinking; and the German Lapland group lost almost 2,400 tons of food and fodder. The hunters “Uj-1206”, “Uj-1207” and “Uj-1208” who came up to search for the submarine only had to carry out pinning bombing, not giving the submarine the opportunity to repeat the attack, dropping 40 depth charges at a safe distance from the submarine. Having safely escaped pursuit, the S-55 headed to the base at the end of October 14th. During its entire patrol, the submarine, using the Dragon, crossed German minefields 14 times. All passages between enemy mines were carried out in violation of instructions in a surface or positional position.
04.12.43 in the evening “S-55” set out on its last campaign; its operations were supposed to take place in the Tanafjord area. On the morning of December 8, 1943, at the mouth of the Tanafjord, an unexploded torpedo hit the stern of the Norwegian ship Valer (1016 GRT). The convoy escort ships did not leave their place in the order, since the submarine attack was discovered too late. The further actions of the S-55 are unknown, the submarine never made contact, She also did not respond to the order to return given to her on the evening of December 21.
Probably, the “S-55” died on one of the mine barriers “NW-27”, “NW-28” or “Karin”, which the commander of the “S-55” (judging by the previous campaign), trusting the sonar, forced into dangerous positions . It is possible that the skeleton of a submarine discovered in 1996 at the bottom of Cape Sletnes is a mass grave for 52 crew members of the S-55.
So, the S-55 made 4 combat missions (65 days). Results: 2 transports (6089 GRT) sunk, 1 transport damaged (presumably).

8.2.7. S-56 episode |X –bis

07.11 41 became part of the Pacific Fleet.
05.10.42 under the command of Lieutenant Commander G.I. Shchedrin, together with "S-51", "S-54" and "S-55" under the overall command of Captain 1st Rank Hero of the Soviet Union A.V. Tripolsky began the transition from the Pacific Ocean through Panama Canal to the North. The boats passed two oceans and nine seas (Japanese, Okhotsk, Bering, Caribbean, Sargasso, Northern, Greenland, Norwegian and Barents), covering 17,000 miles in 2,200 sailing hours.
08.03.43 "S-56" arrived in Polyarnoye.

Lieutenant captain, captain 3rd rank, captain 2nd rank Hero of the Soviet Union Shchedrin Grigory Ivanovich commander of the submarine S-56 until 05/09/45. Northern Fleet. During the Great Patriotic War he sank 9 enemy ships. In terms of combat effectiveness, it ranks 6th among domestic submariners.

On March 31, 1944 she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

23.02. 45 transformed into a guards unit.

04.43 The boat's first combat campaign was unsuccessful, although the S-56 went on the attack twice (April 10 and 14, 1943), but both times the torpedoes missed the target. In both cases, the Germans unsuccessfully counterattacked the boat, dropping a total of 39 depth charges on it. On April 5, 1943, the submarine “S-56” approached the shore in the area where the reconnaissance group was landing before dark and lay down on the ground. With the onset of darkness, she surfaced into a positional position and, having received a prearranged signal, approached the shore. After the landing, which lasted about an hour, the S-56 headed to the area to search for and destroy enemy transport ships.
14.05.43 “S-56” went on its second campaign, which brought real results.


On May 17, in Tanafjord, she attacked a convoy. Of the four torpedoes fired, two exploded before reaching the target, one hit the Wartheland transport, but, unfortunately, did not explode. But the fourth torpedo from the boat sent the tanker “Oirostadt” (1118 GRT), transporting oil products, to the bottom. In response, the Germans pursued the boat, dropping 70 depth charges on it, but the S-56 managed to escape and returned safely to base on May 29.
07.43 the next campaign became even more productive. On July 17, 1943, the S-56 attacked German ships that were returning from laying mines, and although the minelayer Ostmark managed to dodge the torpedo, the minesweeper M-346 did not have time to do so. On July 19, 1943, a boat in the area of ​​Cape Gamvik (see figure above, item 24.08.44 for C-15) attacked a convoy with four torpedoes, resulting in the sinking of the patrol boat "NKi-09" ("Alane"). Twenty minutes later, the S-56 attacks the transport again, and although torpedo explosions were heard on the boat, the result of this attack is not clear.


On July 21, “S-56” returned safely to Polyarnoye and immediately began repairs, which lasted until the end of 1943.
18.01.44 went on the next trip. On January 20, she carried out a torpedo attack on an enemy convoy. Unfortunately, the torpedoes missed. The next day, the S-56 itself became the target of an attack by enemy anti-aircraft defense forces. Success came only on January 28, when the S-56 sent the transport Heinrich Schulte (in some sources Henrieta Schulze) with a displacement of 5056 brt to the bottom with two torpedoes.
04.09.44 The next four trips initially did not produce results, although the boat repeatedly launched attacks on enemy ships and transports. The torpedoes either missed or exploded before reaching the target, or the target itself evaded the torpedo.
September 24, 1944 During the last campaign, a convoy heading to Varanger Fjord was discovered and attacked. The attack was successful - one transport was sunk. The results were reported to the command. The fleet command decided, under cover and with the assistance of aviation, to destroy the remaining ships of the convoy by attacking torpedo boats. The convoy was destroyed (see).
September 27, 1944“S-56” returned from its last combat campaign, and on November 5, its commander, Captain 2nd Rank G.I. Shchedrin was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union
After the end of WWII the boat served in the North.
Summer 1953“S-56” made the transition to the Far East along the Northern Sea Route, thereby completing its circumnavigation of the world, which began in 1942. On November 6, 1953, the S-56 again became part of the Pacific Fleet.
May 9, 1975“S-56” was installed on Korabelnaya Embankment in Vladivostok as a memorial and a branch of the Pacific Fleet Museum.

8.2.8. S-101 series |X-bis

captain 3rd rank, captain 2nd rank I.K. Wecke (until 12/02/42),
captain 3rd rank P.I. Egorov (02.12.42-07.43).
captain-lieutenant, captain 3rd rank E.N. Trofimov (07.43-17.08.44),
captain-lieutenant, captain 3rd rank) N.T. Zinoviev (17.08.44-09.05.45).

05.24.45 awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

22.06.41 WWII was met at the Baltic Fleet in Ust-Dvinsk.
27.06.41 "S-101" reached a position in the western part of the Irben Strait. For 17 days the boat lay on the ground, only occasionally emerging under the periscope. Naturally, there was no meeting with the enemy. For passivity in this campaign, the commander received a reprimand from the command. While returning to base, the S-101 was attacked by an enemy aircraft. The two bombs he dropped, fortunately, did not explode, although the pilot scored a direct hit (the bomb hit the barbette of a 100-mm gun and pierced the main ballast tank). This trip was one of many incidents in the combat career of the S-101, which was nicknamed the “bomb catcher.” Upon returning from the trip, the boat began to be urgently prepared for the passage along the White Sea Canal to the North, which the S-101 successfully did in mid-August 1941. The transition was commanded by Captain 3rd Rank Mikhail Fedorovich Khomyakov, senior in transferring boats to the North (together with the S-101, the S-102 was relocated there), who later became the commander of the submarine division, which included the Baltic "esques" and the submarine "D- 3″.
08.09.41 the boat arrived in Belomorsk.
September 17, 1941 became part of the Northern Fleet.
07.10.41 The boat goes to Polyarnoye, but on the way it was mistakenly attacked by two Soviet MBR-2 aircraft. One bomb exploded near the boat. On the S-101, some mechanisms moved from the foundations, and the boat itself, having begun an urgent dive, fell to a depth of 45 meters. After 45 minutes, “S-101” surfaced and headed to Arkhangelsk, where I stopped for repairs. Only on December 13, 1941, the boat arrived in Polyarnoye.
31.01.42 S-101 went on its second combat campaign, which became the first in the Northern Fleet. The enemy could not be found in it, although on February 6 the boat attacked the transport, but it turned out to be the steamer Mimona, washed ashore by a storm on January 11, 1942.
11.04.42 went on the next military campaign to cover the allied convoys PQ-14 and QP-10. Due to an error by an operator at the Northern Fleet headquarters, the S-101 patrol area was directly in line with the convoys. Fortunately, several dozen depth charges that were dropped on the boat by British escort ships did not cause any damage to the C-101.
17.05.42 The fourth campaign (17 - 27.5.1942) for the S-101 almost became the last. On the morning of May 25, the boat launched an attack on an enemy convoy in the area of ​​Cape Nordkin.


Her torpedoes passed close to the hospital ship Meteor. The convoy proceeded further, and the enemy command sent a group of hunters to the area. Having discovered them, Vekke decided to attack them. The Germans spotted the boat and staged a 22-hour hunt for it, during which UJ-1102, Uj-1105, Uj-1108 and Uj-1109 dropped about two hundred depth charges and caused severe damage to the submarine: one periscope failed, the seal was broken fuel tank No. 2, some of the electrolyte cans were broken. Until the evening, the “eska” lay at the bottom, but then surfaced and tried to break away in a submerged position. From 4 a.m. on the 26th, the crew began to feel an acute lack of oxygen. Two hours later, the commander decided to surface and take the fight on the surface, preparing the boat for an explosion just in case. Fortunately, the pursuers fell behind, and the submarine was able to return to base and began repairs.

06.42 The submarine once again confirmed its nickname “bomb catcher”, having received damage during a German air raid on Murmansk.
07 and 11.42 went out twice to ensure the passage of single ships from Novaya Zemlya to Iceland. In both cases the enemy was not detected.
Then the boat went into overhaul, and on December 2, 1942, the commander was replaced. He became captain 3rd rank Egorov Pavel Ilyich, and captain 2nd rank Wekke was transferred to the submarine "S-16".
22.03.43 "S-101" went on its next combat mission with a new commander. On March 22, she unsuccessfully attacked the Drau transport. Success came only a week later, when, as a result of the S-101 attack, the Ajax transport (2997 brt) sank to the bottom. Enemy anti-aircraft forces subjected the boat to long pursuit, dropping 60 depth charges on it without causing any damage.
04-05.43 in this campaign, the S-101 unsuccessfully attacked the Neukuren transport, and the enemy PLO forces also dropped 46 depth charges on the boat to no avail.
11-25.06.43 During this campaign, the S-101 attacked enemy convoys 4 times (June 13, 14, 19 and 21), damaging only the patrol ship V-6104 on June 14, 1943. In July 1943, the commander of the S-101 was changed again, Egorov began to command the 5th Submarine Division of the Northern Fleet, and lieutenant captain (then captain 3rd rank) Trofimov Evgeniy Nikolaevich came to the boat as commander.
07.08.43 S-101 went on another military campaign to Cape Zhelaniya (the northern part of the Novaya Zemlya islands). (her former commander, Egorov Pavel Ilyich, came out to provide support). On August 28, the S-101 noise direction finder detected an enemy submarine. The attack was led by Egorov. At 20:50 he fired a three-torpedo salvo, which sent the German submarine U-639 to the bottom. This is how historian Sergei Kovalev describes this attack on the Internet “Swastika over Taimyr.” Submarine S-101 (commander - Lieutenant Commander Evgeniy Trofimov) left Polyarny on August 7, 1943 to a position carved out for it near the icy rocks of the Novaya Zemlya Cape Konstantin. In the endless Arctic, the polar summer was ending, with fogs, snow and rain squalls during the day, and prickly frosts at short nights. Daily underwater watches in the deathly light of dim red lamps were like one another; they gradually accumulated psychological and physical fatigue among the submariners. But the acousticians continued to tirelessly listen to the depths of the sea, and the watch commanders continued to examine the endless expanse of the sea, knowing full well that the same underwater, but fascist “hunter” could look for his prey somewhere in the neighborhood, for example, near the Gulf of Natalia or at the Ice Harbor . Imagine the surprise of the commander and senior officer on the campaign when, through the periscope, instead of an enemy raider, they saw several icebergs surrounded by strips of broken ice. It was this “company” that misled our acoustician, who was not yet accustomed to the sounds of hummocking ice. Meanwhile, there was not a single enemy ship nearby. True, taking into account current knowledge about the actual location of Nazi submarines and their support vessels off the coast of Novaya Zemlya, it is quite possible to accept the fact that the North Sea people actually heard an underwater enemy, and not icebergs at all. And yet, that day the enemy was not detected, and the submariners dispersed to their compartments. The agonizing hours of underwater search began again
Early morning on August 28 , when the Soviet submarine was not far from Cape Konstantin in Novaya Zemlya, the vigilance of its “listeners” was rewarded. At 10-20, the hydroacoustic on watch, Red Navy man I. Larin, heard, among the blue and white silence, the barely audible, but gradually increasing “singing” of the ship’s diesel engines. Such a ringing sound was characteristic of a submarine moving at maximum speed. But there could be no Soviet submarines in the Kara Sea. On alert, the crew quickly scattered to the boat compartments again. Very soon, through the periscope in the darkness of the snow charge, Lieutenant-Commander Trofimov saw the low silhouette of an enemy submarine with an anti-network “saw” and a snow-white “whisker” at the stem. And then - her barrel-shaped cabin. There was no doubt - this was a fascist submarine “ringing” with diesel engines in the silence of the icy desert. And the S-101, as if on cat’s paws, began to get closer to the enemy. Half an hour later, when there were six cables left before the blue and white silhouette of the stranger, three torpedoes flew out of the bow torpedo tubes of the 101st, as if spring-loaded. At the same time, Lieutenant Commander Trofimov provided for various options for the development of the battle. All three torpedoes had different depth settings: one was prepared for a target going at a depth of two meters, the other two - for a target that, if torpedoes approaching it were detected, would begin to dive, that is, they went with settings of five and eight meters, respectively. And fifty seconds later, the roar of an explosion was heard over the sea. The huge column of water paused for a moment in its upward movement, and then began to fall. Suddenly, a swirling yellow-brown bulge appeared inside this pillar: either torpedo ammunition or artillery shells detonated on board the enemy ship. Another second, and deathly silence fell over the sea. Only the eerie guttural gurgle and the clearly audible metallic crack of the Nazi submarine's bulkheads breaking under the monstrous pressure gradually subsided in the cold depths. A few minutes later, the Soviet “eska” surfaced under the wheelhouse and, under electric motors, went to the point where the blue and white silhouette of the enemy had recently been located. Here, slightly swaying on the surface of the calm water, floated the disfigured corpses of two German submariners in rubberized suits, and a huge rainbow stain of solarium spread around them. Before it surrounded the Soviet submarine, the North Sea men managed to catch the signal book, the diary and jacket of the commander of U-639, Oberleutnant Walter Wichmann, individual drawings of the boat and a whole life preserver. It turned out that the German submarine U-639 was sunk, returning after laying mines in the Ob Bay and raiding in the Kara Sea. It can be assumed that on board the German submarine, in addition to the main crew, there could actually have been either a change of meteorologists, or a change of service personnel from one of the secret bases. And the boat itself was not going to Norway, but to Franz Josef Land.
18.10.43 went on her last campaign in 1943. Having unsuccessfully attacked a pair of minesweepers on October 26, the boat returned safely to base and got up for repairswhich lasted almost a year.
August 17, 1944 The captain-lieutenant (then captain of the 3rd rank) Zinoviev Nikolai Trofimovich, who was previously the first mate on the S-15, was appointed commander of the boat.
26.10.44 As part of the Petsamo-Kirkines operation, the S-101 went on its last combat mission. On October 31, she unsuccessfully attacked a pair of German destroyers from the 4th flotilla, and a few hours later, just as unsuccessfully, the hunters “Uj-1207” and “Uj-1222” counterattacked the “S-101” with depth charges, from the explosions of which the boat received damage, which did not prevent it from breaking away from the pursuit and returning safely to base.
Since in October 1944 the end point of the enemy’s communications became Tormsø, which was located in the Allied zone of operational responsibility, the entry of Soviet submarines into position was stopped.
So, the S-101 completed 12 combat missions (186 days). 1 transport (2997 GRT) and 1 warship were sunk, 1 warship was damaged: 03/29/1943. TR "Ajax" (2997 GRT). 06/14/1943. The patrol ship "V-6104" was damaged. 08/28/1943 submarine “U-639”.

8.2.9. S-102 episode |X-bis

Lieutenant Commander B.V. Ivanov (until 07.41),
captain-lieutenant, captain 3rd, 2nd rank L.I. Mayor (?)

22.06.41 The Second World War met the 2nd Division of the 1st Submarine Brigade in Ust-Dvinsk and fought in the Baltic until September 1941.


27.06.41 "S-102" reached a position in the Gulf of Riga. On board as support was the commander of the 2nd division, captain 2nd rank V.A. Chervinsky. On the evening of July 12, the boat discovered, south of Cape Kolkasrags, a numerous convoy of boats, motorboats and airborne landing gear of the Baltika experimental landing force, heading to Riga. An attempt to approach the ships sailing close to the shore could end tragically for the submarine - the shallow depths were visible by planes circling above the convoy, and there was no opportunity to evade bombs by maneuvering in the depths. The commander reasonably refused to attack. However, upon returning to base, he was removed from his post.
The new commander was appointed captain-lieutenant (then captain 3, 2 ranks) Gorodnichy Leonid Ivanovich. The boat is urgently preparing to move to the North.
September 12, 1941 Having arrived along the Belomorkanal, "S-102" together with "S-101" arrives in Belomorsk.
September 17, 1941"S-102" is part of the Northern Fleet.
21.10.41 The submarine embarks on its first combat campaign in a new theater. On October 25, when the boat was on the surface, the divisional navigator, senior lieutenant E.G. Kalnin, who was alone on the bridge, was washed overboard by a wave, the boat was sailing without any top watch. On October 29, 1941, while trying to attack a convoy, the S-102, by mistake of the crew, took on 6 tons of water and fell to a depth of 110 meters, and then, just as quickly, it was thrown to the surface. After an unsuccessful three-week patrol, the S-102 returned safely to Polyarnoye on November 13, 1941.
03.01.42 The submarine went on another voyage. On board as support was the division commander Khomyakov. On January 5, “S-102” landed a reconnaissance group on the enemy’s coast. This campaign brought success, and although the attack on a single transport on January 10, 1942 was unsuccessful (the commander announced the sinking of a transport of 2000 GRT), four days later the S-102 attacked the enemy convoy, sinking the Türkheim transport to the bottom. 1904 brt (the commander declared a “double”). The boat came under a fierce attack from the hunters “Uj-1205”, “Uj-1403” and the patrol boat “V-5903”, who dropped 198 depth charges on the “S-102”. The boat received significant damage, due to which it left its position and returned to base .
The repair lasted a month.

03.42 The submarine went on combat missions three times. The S-102 did not attack the enemy.
At the end of September 1942 S-102 (commander captain 3rd rank Gorodnichy) was in the Kara Sea to search for and attack the heavy cruiser Admiral Scheer. Replaced by K-21 (commander captain 3rd rank N.A. Lunin). Search area “triangle”: Cape Zhelaniya – Solitude Island (the center of the Kara Sea) – Dikson Island. But in mid-October she also left Novaya Zemlya with nothing, because... "Scheer" left the Kara Sea at the end of August (see paragraph,).
In January 1943 The boat was back up for repairs. which lasted four months.
06-10.43 The boat made the next three trips to the North Cape. The S-102 was able to attack only once, on August 18, 1943, but the torpedoes missed the target. On October 7, 1943, the boat again landed a reconnaissance group on the enemy coast.
26.12.43 in the evening, the S-102 was sent to intercept the heavy cruiser Scharnhorst, but even before the boat arrived at the position, the British sank it, and the boat returned to base.
In 1944"S-102" made three flights, which did not bring results. She attacked only once - on January 20, 1944, and although her commander was credited with defeating the target, the enemy did not even notice the attack.
In October 1944 The final route of enemy communications was Tormsø, which was in the Allied area of ​​responsibility, so the entry of Soviet submarines into position was stopped.
So, the S-102 completed 13 combat missions (211 days).
Results: 1 transport (1904 GRT) was sunk on 01/14/1942 and the Türkheim TR (1904 GRT).

8.2.10. S-103 episode |X-bis

captain-lieutenant, captain 3rd rank N.P. Nechaev (until 05/09/45)

15.04.43 As part of a separate detachment, the submarine began moving along inland waterways from Baku to Arkhangelsk.
May 28, 1943 became part of the Northern Fleet. After completing combat training tasks, the boat arrived in Polyarnoye on September 20, 1943.
19.09.43-05.44 "S-103" made three combat missions, which were unsuccessful.
29.05.44 "S-103" went out on the fourth campaign and managed to attack a group of hunters "Uj-1209", "Uj-1211", "Uj-1219". The torpedoes passed by, and the enemy ships did not even notice the attack Upon returning from the trip, the boat was undergoing routine repairs.
08.44 went on another cruise as part of Operation RV-7 (see paragraph for submarine “S-15”). Using a new type of torpedoes, she attacked a large tanker with fuel. The commander watched through the periscope as the ship sank under the water.
August 28 “S-103” received information about the movement of the convoy. To meet him, the boat had to travel with maximum time savings. The commander took the boat along the shortest route. Minefields were forced at periscope depth. The risk turned out to be justified - we reached the calculated point (Cape Kharbacken) on time. The enemy ships did not have time to pass. Of the four torpedoes fired by the boat, three exploded. Two targets were destroyed - the transport and the security ship that approached it at the moment of the salvo. The enemy PLO forces dropped about 80 depth charges on the boat, which did not prevent the S-103 from returning safely to base. The need for new repairs did not allow the S-103 to go to sea in September.
Extract from the combat report of the submarine “S-103”
“...1944 August 16-29
Combat campaign to the Kongsfjord area - m.. Makkaur (sector No. 3, operation “RV-7”).
At 19-57 16.08. came into position. At the crossing I found a floating mine. At 18-48 17.08. arrived at the position. In the evening of 18.08. was unable to attack KON due to poor visibility. At 03-46 23.08. discovered a floating mine. At 11-11, she launched a torpedo attack on a single BLB in the Makkaursandfjord area (BDB, underwater attack, 2 torpedoes, distance 12 cables, one torpedo jumped to the surface, BDB evaded torpedoes, no foreign data). There was no persecution. At 12:23, she launched a torpedo attack by KON consisting of 5 TN and 15 NK (TN 3000 tons, surface attack, 3 ET-80 torpedoes (including 1 ET-80 with NAF and a lightweight combat charging compartment, torpedo from TA No. 2 was not released due to a malfunction), distance 5 cables, after 60 seconds 2 explosions were heard, at 12-25 the VT was observed without moving with a list to starboard, at 12-26 the VT sank - the German TR "Gretchen" was unsuccessfully attacked, who observed the passage of 5 torpedoes). At 14:50, when crossing the minefield, it touched the minrenp, but there was no explosion. From 14:35 to 05:34 on 24/08, 57 explosions were recorded at a safe distance, presumably GB. In the morning, permission was received to operate in the area of ​​Blodskytudde - Makkaur (sector No. 4). At 13-39 28.08. carried out a torpedo attack by KON (2TR, 2 SKR, "SKA") in the area of ​​Cape Kharbacken (Tr 6-8000 t, underwater attack, 4 torpedoes, distance 12 cables, after 90 seconds 2 dull explosions were heard, after 120 seconds a large explosion forces, and at 13-45 only 1 TR, 1 SKR and 2 SKA were detected through the periscope; the German KON “Ki-128-Lf”, including 3 TR, was unsuccessfully attacked, the passage of 3 torpedoes was observed, 1 of which was on the surface). According to Morozov M.E. there was no pursuit; according to some other data, enemy submarine forces dropped about 80 depth charges on the submarine to no avail. At 22-41 28.08. began returning to the base and at 18-58 on August 29. arrived in Polyarnoye."
A in October 1944 Tromsø became the end point of enemy communications and boats stopped entering positions, since Tromsø was in the zone of Allied operational responsibility.
So, the S-103 completed 5 combat missions (73 days). The tanker, transport and convoy escort ship were sunk.

8.2.11. S-104 episode |X-bis

Lieutenant Commander, Captain 3rd Rank M.I. Nikiforov (until 02/05/44),
Lieutenant Commander S.S. Calibers up to 03/13/44),
captain 3rd rank V.A. Turaev (13.03.44 -04.45),
Lieutenant Commander G.M. Vasiliev (04.45-09.05.45).

On May 24, 1945, the boat was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

09.15.42 became part of the Caspian military flotilla.
15.04.43 as part of a separate detachment, the submarine began moving along inland waterways from Baku to Arkhangelsk
02.07.43 became part of the Submarine Training Division of the Northern Fleet.
30.09.43 "S-104" arrived in Polyarnoye and began preparations for a combat exit, but as a result of a raid by a flight of Fw-190 fighters, got damaged and got up for repairs.
02.44 made her first military campaign, which ended in vain. Upon the return of the S-104 to base on February 5, 1944, Captain 3rd Rank Nikiforov was removed from command of the boat.
13.04.44 “S-104” went to sea, but was almost immediately abandoned due to detected malfunctions.
April 21, 1944 the boat set off again, and the next day almost became a victim of a German U-bot. The S-104's attempt to intercept an enemy convoy also failed. Success came only on the next campaign.
20.06.44 The boat sends the enemy hunter “Uj-1209” to the bottom with a four-torpedo salvo. Enemy PLO forces counterattacked, causing damage to the S-104, as a result, upon returning to base, the boat was put up for repairs.
08-09.44 The next campaign in August-September 1944 did not bring results.
12.10.44 As part of the Petsamo-Kirkines operation, the submarine achieved success - it sank the Lumme transport (1,730 GRT), some sources say that the Uj-1220 hunter was sunk along with the transport, that is, the boat made a “doublet”. On the night of October 15, 1944, “S-104” once again attacked the convoy, and although its commander was credited with sinking a transport of 5,000 GRT, there was no confirmation of this from the enemy.,br>Due to the fact that the end point of the enemy’s communications in October In 1944, Tormsø, which was located in the zone of operational responsibility of the Allies, became the location of Soviet submarines, and the entry of Soviet submarines into position was stopped.
04.45 Captain-Lieutenant G.M. was appointed commander of the S-104. Vasiliev.
After the end of the war, the S-104 served in the North.
April 6, 1954 it was transferred to the Pacific Fleet and moved to the Far East via the Northern Sea Route.
So, the S-104 completed 6 combat missions:
18.01.1944 — 05.02.1944, 13.04.1944 — ??.??.????, 21.04.1944 — 07.05.1944, 11.06.1944 — 26.06.1944,
15.08.1944 — 13.09.1944, 08.10.1944 — 24.10.1944.

Results: 06/20/1944 PLO ship “Uj-1209” was sunk, 10/12/1944 TR “Lumme” (1,730 GRT) was sunk, 10/12/1944 PLO ship “Uj-1220” was presumably sunk.

8.2.12. Shch-401 series X

Senior lieutenant, captain-lieutenant A.E. Moiseev
(until 04/24/42?)

23.06.41 patrolling off the northern coast of Norway. No results received. Divisional Commander Kolyshkin is on board. Having not encountered enemy ships at sea, the boat approached the roadstead of the port of Varde on June 27. Having discovered that two small Norwegian ships had taken refuge in the harbor, the Pike fired a torpedo at one of them, which became the first torpedo fired by a Soviet submarine in WWII. The absence of an explosion can be explained by the fact that the torpedo was fired from a distance exceeding its range. Although in his report Kolyshkin claimed that the boat fired from 16 kbt, there is reason to believe that in reality this value exceeded 4000 m (21.6 kbt). Having moved further to the sea, "Shch-401" lay down on the ground.


By order of the commander, the setting of the depth of travel of the torpedoes located in the torpedo tubes was changed. To perform this operation it was necessary to pull the torpedoes into the compartment, which took several hours. By the end of the work, the battery capacity was insufficient to repeat the maneuver. Only on June 28, “Shch-401” re-entered the bay, but there was no transport at the site.
07-24.07.41 in the second campaign, Moiseev first tried to attack two armed transports, but was easily discovered by them (the commander was using the periscope at full speed in a weak sea) and fired at by diving shells. On the afternoon of the 14th, the commander missed the convoy, and the next morning fired a torpedo at one of the armed trawlers, which turned out to be German submarine hunters. A minute after the shot, a dull explosion was heard on the boat (apparently, one of the torpedoes spontaneously exploded), after which the hunters who noticed the wheelhouse dropped 36 depth charges on the Shch-401, which, fortunately, did not cause damage to it.
In August 1941 the submarine underwent navigation repairs at the Murmansk shipyard, Moreover, during one of the air raids the crew lost two people killed and three wounded.
10.9 -6.10.41 and 25.10 -12.11.41 These two campaigns did not lead to encounters with the enemy, but revealed numerous technical problems, aggravated by improper operation of the mechanisms. The boat had to return to Polyarnoye using only a diesel engine.
November 1941 repair work.
22.12.41-13.01.42 went to a position in the Kongs fjord area. The polar night and stormy weather greatly complicated the boat's navigation, but allowed it to stay close to the shore around the clock without fear of detection by observation posts from land.


On the evening of December 29, Moiseev, from the surface, missed a detachment of German auxiliary minesweepers, and on the night of January 7, he attacked the convoy. Although the commander subsequently claimed that he heard an explosion a minute later, the enemy did not notice this attack.
05 - 26.02.42 The sixth trip was made to the Varde region. Storm waves flooded the central post several times through the open conning hatch, disabling its electrical equipment. The roll reached values ​​at which electrolyte poured out of the battery tanks, and the horizontal rudders jammed several times due to wave impacts. Of the enemy ships, we encountered only patrol ships, which themselves repeatedly dropped depth charges on the “pike” or threatened to ram them.
On the night of 04/11/42 went to sea on her last voyage. During the first week of the campaign, she was in a covering position for the allied convoy QP-10, but from the 18th she moved to the Norwegian coast in the area of ​​Cape Nordkin (for orientation, see the figure above). After 5 days, Moiseev reported that he had used up the torpedoes in the bow tubes, expecting that this should be followed by an order to return to base. The fleet headquarters chose not to take the hint, and this led to fatal consequences. Apparently, following along the Norwegian coast in a westerly direction, Moiseev suddenly ran into the German anti-submarine minefield “Karin”, which was placed a month ago at Nordkin. Fleet headquarters at that time was not yet aware of the laying of mines in the area and, therefore, did not warn the commander to take any precautions. After the war, it became clear from German materials that the “pike” managed to inflict considerable damage on the enemy. On the morning of April 23, in the area of ​​Cape Sletnes, the Norwegian ship “Stenzaas” (1359 GRT), mobilized by the enemy, sank from an underwater explosion, transporting military equipment to Kirkenes. During a two-hour pursuit, two German hunters dropped 29 depth charges on the submarine, but did not notice any signs of its destruction. The Germans themselves explained this by the correct evasion tactics chosen by the Russian commander: move simultaneously with the hunters and stop at the moment of the hydroacoustic search.
24.04.42."Shch-401" (commanded by captain-lieutenant A.E. Moiseev) went missing in the area of ​​Tanafjord - Cape Nordkin. She may have died in a mine or on April 24th she became the victim of an erroneous attack by Soviet torpedo boats TKA-13 and TKA-14 off Vardø. 43 people died.

After the death of Shch-401, a rule was introduced according to which a boat that had expended torpedoes in its bow tubes had the right to return to base without asking permission, but only by informing the command.

8.2.13. Shch-402 series X

Senior lieutenant, captain-lieutenant N. G. Stolbov (until 08/14/42)
Captain 3rd rank A. M. Kautsky (31.08.42-09.44?)

04/03/42 awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

07/25/43 became a guards

Since the beginning of the Second World War made 16 military campaigns, sinking 9 TR and BK (50,000 GRT).
07/14/41 entered the harbor of Honningsvåg (Magerø Island).


She discovered an enemy transport at anchor, approached it at a distance of 4 kb and fired two torpedoes. The explosion was clearly visible through the periscope. The transport tilted and soon sank. Without being pursued, the boat left the harbor. This was the first of the Soviet submarines to achieve combat success in the Great Patriotic War.
03.03.42 After a successful attack by the enemy, the TSC 30 miles from the North Cape was subjected to brutal bombing, as a result of which the seams of the fuel tanks came apart. The submarine was left without fuel on the surface.


“K-21” was sent to help her, which transferred fuel to her (see paragraph for “K-21”).


11.08.42 The submarine Shch-402 under the command of captain 3rd rank Nikolai Guryevich Stolbov, who met the war in this position with the rank of lieutenant commander, entered the position in the area of ​​Cape Nordkin - port Berlevog on his next, tenth military campaign during the Second World War.
During two years of hostilities, the boat carried out 15 torpedo attacks on enemy ships and vessels on the approaches to the fjords of Northern Norway, sinking two of them.


August 14, 1943 In the Tana Fjord area at 1:58 a.m., while charging batteries on a boat, a gas explosion occurred - the electricians missed the ventilation deadline by 25 minutes and left their posts. The resulting fire engulfed the 2nd and 10th compartments of the boat, killing 18 ship crew members and its commander, Captain 3rd Rank N.G. Stolbov. Of the command staff, only the commander of the electromechanical unit, engineer-captain-lieutenant A.D. Bolshakov, survived, and took command of the ship. Clear, selfless actions allowed the crew to bring the wounded submarine to base. Upon returning to the base, the bodies of the dead were removed from the compartments and buried in a mass grave in the cemetery of the city of Polyarny.
September 1943(commander captain 3rd rank A.M. Kautsky) covered an Arctic convoy with valuable imported cargo in the Kara Sea. Returned safely to base.


17 — 22.09.44 "Shch-402" went missing in the Kongsfjord area.
She may have died in a mine, or as a result of an erroneous attack by a Boston torpedo bomber from the 36th mine-torpedo air regiment of the Northern Fleet Air Force, 5.5 miles north of Gamvik on the morning of September 21. 45 people died.

8.2.14. Shch-403 series X

lieutenant captain, captain 3rd rank S. I. Kovalenko (until 03/03/42),

Lieutenant Commander P.V. Shipin (03.03.42-28.03.42 vrid),
captain 3rd rank K.M. Shuisky (28.03.42-17.10.43?)

July 1941 patrolling off the northern coast of Norway. No results received. The enemy was not detected.
18.12.41 , following along the coast on the surface, discovered a transport accompanied by three escort ships. Having approached to a distance of 6 cabs, the commander caught the transport on target with the protruding parts of the boat and fired a salvo. There were no explosions. Then Kovalenko attacked the transport with feed devices. Again aiming at the protruding parts of the boat, and again missing. Soon the convoy disappeared into the darkness. The incident became a good lesson for the commander of Shch-403. The next time he met the enemy, he no longer ignored the night sighting device.
22.12.41 was on the surface. White fire was seen. Turning towards him, the commander began approaching. It was soon possible to establish that the source of light was the undarkened porthole of the vehicle. The ship was accompanied by four escort ships (as it seemed to the commander). In order to take an advantageous position for the attack, the boat took a parallel course and began to approach the convoy's bow angles at full speed. Kovalenko announced an artillery alarm. Unexpectedly, two enemy patrol boats were discovered on the left side, traveling parallel to the convoy. The commander immediately turned left with the expectation of passing behind them. After 3 minutes, two more boats appeared, now directly on the bow. In addition, six more ships were seen around the boat. When there were 6 cabs left to the target of attack, the transport suddenly turned to the right and Kovalenko began to quickly bring it to the lead angle (this time using a night sight). The next moment, a patrol ship overtaking it appeared from behind the bow of the transport. The commander hastened to release the torpedo, believing that if it passed along the bow of the transport, it would hit the patrol ship. The second torpedo was fired by the boat at an interval of 10 seconds. The distance to the target was only 3 cabs. One torpedo hit the transport, the other hit the patrol ship. For the first time in the fleet, two targets were hit with one salvo. And this is in conditions when the submarine found itself in the enemy’s security ring, and the enemy boats were located on the right abeam and astern just 0.5 cabs from it. After releasing the torpedoes, the Shch-403, on the surface, headed towards the shore at full speed so that against the backdrop of dark rocks the enemy would not be able to notice it. And so it happened. Enemy activity was directed towards the sea. He did not imagine that our submarine was located under the shore, which was just a stone's throw away. Soon "Shch-403" headed deep into the nearest fjord, successfully avoiding pursuit.
12.02.42 left Polyarny on a military campaign to the area of ​​Cape Nordkin - Laksefjord under the command of Lieutenant Commander Semyon Ivanovich Kovalenko.

On the night of February 19, 5 miles from Honningsvåg Bay, in poor visibility conditions, she met a detachment of German ships consisting of the minelayer Brummer (formerly Norwegian Olav Tryggvasson) and minesweepers M-1502 and M-1503. Knowing that there was an enemy in front of him, the commander of the enemy minefield ordered full speed, from a distance of 400-500 meters he went to ram the boat, which began to move and, having bypassed the Brummer in a large arc, passed in front of his bow. At the same time, her watch officer, navigator and boatswain, standing on the deck of the Pike, mistaking the Brummer for ... an escort ship of an allied convoy (!), waved their hands to the German sailors and shouted about themselves “Russians, Russians!” Since the boat avoided the ram, the enemy opened fire on it with all guns, achieving a direct hit on the durable hull. The German TSH M-1503 made a maneuver and a few minutes later went towards the boat and struck it at an angle of 45° with a glancing ram behind the conning tower. Commander S.I. Kovalenko, jumping onto the bridge and assessing the situation, gave the command to stop the diesel engines in order to carry out an urgent dive. At this time he was seriously wounded and fell on the bridge. His assistant, navigator and boatswain managed to go down. However, the next minute the navigator jumped up again and shouted: “Is there anyone on the bridge?” Having received no response, he commanded “Everyone down!” urgent dive!” and, standing on the ladder, managed to slam the conning tower hatch just before the bow of the German minesweeper, which again went out to ram. A new powerful ramming attack on the boat followed. BUT the boat loaded and left, and the seriously wounded commander and two foremen (where did they come from?) were lifted aboard the German technical unit. Next is captivity, where S.I. Kovalenko's wounded leg was amputated. Soon the Germans learned that he was the commander of a submarine and interrogations began, but they apparently were unsuccessful and he was thrown into a camp near Paris for prisoners of war of submariners, where in 1944 he was shot by the Germans.
The fate of the next commander.. In November 1939, as a result of a collision with a fishing vessel in the Barents Sea, the submarine "Shch-401" sank. Among the survivors were the boat commander K.M. Shuisky and his senior assistant A.K. Malyshev. For the death of the ship and people K.M. Shuisky was sentenced to death by a military tribunal, which was commuted to ten years' imprisonment. In the fall of 1941 he was returned to the fleet. After the disappearance of S.I. Kovalenko was entrusted with the command of Shch-403. Konstantin Matveevich Shuisky made several successful military campaigns on the Shch-403 and was awarded orders.
02 — 17.10.43"Shch-403" (commander captain 3rd rank K.M. Shuisky) went missing in the Kongsfjord - Tanafjord area.
Probably died on a mine or from depth charges of the patrol ship "V-6102" on the morning of 13.10 in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bCape Makkaur. 46 people died.

8.2.15. Shch-404 seriesX

Captain 2nd rank V.A. Ivanov (until 03.43),
Lieutenant Commander G.F. Makarenkov (03.43-06.44)

01/17/42 awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

In WWII he completed 8 combat campaigns ( 123.76 days) as a submarine commander. There were 9 torpedo attacks (13 torpedoes were fired), 1 artillery attack (2 45-mm shells were fired).

Combat campaigns:
05.07-23.09.41 (46.9 days). Torpedo attack 09/12/41.

6 torpedo attacks (6 torpedoes fired): the Norwegian transport “Ottar Jarl” /1459 brt/ was sunk), the Norwegian transport “Tanahorn” /336 brt/ was slightly damaged by an unexploded torpedo).
05.10.42-31.01.42 (27.8 days). 3 ineffective torpedo attacks (7 torpedoes fired): The Norwegian fishing motorboat “Bjørge” F 3 G (about 10 GRT) was sunk by artillery fire.
08.03-08.06.42 (48.6 days). No results.
The fate of Alexei Kiryanvich Malyshev. The former first mate on the submarine "Shch-401" escaped along with commander K.M. Shuisky during her death in November 1939. November 20, 1940 A.K. Malyshev became the commander of the Shch-422, on which he went to sea several times, and was awarded the Order of Lenin for completing combat missions of the command. But in June 1942, during the eighth campaign, disagreements arose between the commander and his new commissar, senior political instructor Abram Efimovich Tabenkin. In addition, the gyrocompass on the boat broke down, and the commander, a former divisional navigator, undertook to repair it, but after the repair the device fell into a completely hopeless state. As a result of all this, the military commissar sent a radiogram to the base with a request to recall the boat from the position due to the obvious cowardice of the commander. The ship was recalled to base. The military tribunal convicted and sentenced Malyshev to death. The sentence was carried out by fascist planes, as if a bomb had hit the guardhouse cell in Polyarny, where he was being held at that time.. It should be noted that in the fate of A.K. Malyshev has quite a lot of “blank spots”. According to the official version, there was no verdict and Malyshev died during an air raid on Murmansk on September 4, 1942, although it is known that neither in these nor in the coming days German aircraft carried out raids on either Murmansk or Polyarnoye. The reason for his removal most likely lies in his conflict with political agencies.
In June 1942 Captain 3rd rank F.A. was appointed commander of the submarine. Vidyaev. Effective torpedo attacks followed. Three enemy transports and one patrol ship were sunk.

09.42 under the command of captain 3rd rank F.A. Vidyayev entered the battle with two patrol ships and sent one of them to the bottom with a two-torpedo salvo from under the periscope. This attack went down in the history of the war as one of the few cases of a submarine destroying an anti-submarine ship that was pursuing it (see the paragraph for the “Active” submarine). Upon returning to the base, F.A. Vidyaev was awarded the second Order of the Red Banner.


In June 1943 F. A. Vidyaev was awarded the third Order of the Red Banner.
Before going to sea again, Fyodor Alekseevich wrote a letter to his family in Leningrad. He put a photograph in the envelope and wrote on the back: “To my son Konstantin, the future defender of our dear Motherland, from his father. Vidyaev. June 23, 1943. Active fleet." This was his last letter.
01.07.43 Fedor Alekseevich Vidyaev went on his last, 19th campaign.
14.07.43"Shch-422" (commander captain 2nd rank F.A. Vidyaev). Missing in the area of ​​Cape Makkaur - Vardø.
She probably died on a mine, or was sunk with her entire crew (45 people) by depth charges and the ram of the hunter "Uj-1217" in the Vardø area on July 5. Although, perhaps, as a result of the attack by Uj-1217, it was not Shch-422 that died, but M-106.
A village in the Murmansk region and a submarine base in the Northern Fleet were named in honor of F.A. Vidyaev. Once upon a time, the ship “Fedor Vidyayev” plied the Northern Seas.

8.2.18,19,20,21. "B-1, 2, 3, 4" former British submarines

Year of construction 1931; Crew 38; Surface displacement - 640 tons, underwater -927 tons; Dimensions: 58.8m x 7.3m x 3.2m; Armament: six 533mm TA, 76mm deck gun; The power package is two-shaft, diesel-electric, with a power of 1900/1300 hp; Underwater cruising range 4000 nm. miles (7412 km) at 10 knots; Surface speed is 15 knots.
At the end of 1943 According to the agreements in Tehran, a number of Navy ships were intended to be transferred to the Soviet Union as part of the division of the Italian fleet after the surrender of Italy. The Soviet Union, the USA and Great Britain agreed on the division of the Italian fleet, but, taking into account some technical and diplomatic issues, the allies proposed to transfer American and British ships to the USSR for temporary use: a battleship, a cruiser, 8 destroyers and 4 submarines. All of them were supposed to be part of the Northern Fleet. Submarines turned out to be the most modern of them. Three boats (P-42 Unbroken, P-43 Unison, P-59 Ursula), which entered service from 1938 to 1942, were Unity class, and the fourth (S-81 Sunfish), launched in 1937, was to the Swordfish type.
The Soviet command, having appreciated the combat qualities of British submarines, decided to entrust them to the most trained crews. Captain 1st Rank A.V. was appointed commander of the division of new boats accepted into the Navy on April 10, 1944. Tripolsky, awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union back in the Finnish war. The commander of “B-1”, the former Sunfish, was the famous submariner of the Northern Fleet, Hero of the Soviet Union I.I. Fisanovich, the commanders of the remaining submarines are captain 3rd rank N.A. Panov, captain 3rd rank I.S. Kabo and captain 3rd rank Hero of the Soviet Union Y.K. Iosseliani.
10.04.44 (according to other sources on March 9) 1944, the submarines were enlisted in the Navy of the USSR under the designations “V-1”, “V-2”, “V-3” and “V-4”.
30.05.44 A solemn ceremony of handing over the ships to Soviet crews took place in Rosyth.
10.06.44 The submarines moved to Dundee, where, under the guidance of British specialists, they practiced combat training tasks.
25.07.44 exactly at 20-00, “B-1” was the first of the division’s boats to leave the British shores. The rest of the ships followed her one by one. Apparently, the enemy became aware of the Soviet submarines going to sea. Aviation and submarines were deployed along the division's transit route and attempted to attack the B-3 several times. However, she arrived safely at her destination, as did her “sisters” B-2 and B-4.

Only B-1 did not return home , Possibly on the morning of July 27 at 64°34′N/01°16′E. (according to other data 64?31′N / 01?16′W) was sunk by mistake by a Liberator aircraft of the 18th Air Group of the RAF Coastal Command. The entire crew (51 people) was killed.

The fate of the submarine V-1 still worries historians and descendants of those who were waiting for it on the shore. The fleet has lost one of its best commanders. A special British Admiralty commission investigating this case found that the boat deviated from its route by 80 miles and was discovered on the surface by an Allied air patrol aircraft. Contrary to the instructions, when the plane appeared, the boat, without giving identification signals, began to dive, after which it was classified by the pilot as an enemy submarine and attacked with depth charges. Under similar circumstances, in May 1942, the Polish submarine Jastrzeb was lost, which, due to a navigation error, found itself on the route of the PQ-15 convoy and was shot by escort ships. Another victim of a tragic mistake was the crew of the British submarine Oxley. She left Dundee on 4 September 1939, the second day after Britain entered the war. Six days after Oxley mistakenly entered the patrol zone of another British submarine, Triton, fire was opened on her. The boat sank, killing 23 of the 25 crew members.
16.09.2009 In the Scottish city of Dundee, the grand opening of a monument to submariners who left here on their last voyage during World War II took place. Here, at the mouth of the River Tay, from 1940 to 1946 there was a base for the 9th Flotilla of the Royal Navy - a formation that, along with British submarines, included submarines that fought under the flags of Norway, the Netherlands, Poland and the Free French. These boats covered convoys going to Russia, landed sabotage groups on the coasts of European countries occupied by the Nazis, and hunted for German raiders in the Atlantic.

On the stone slab of the monument are engraved the names of 6 submarines and the names of 296 sailors from different countries, including crew members of the Soviet submarine “B-1” under the command of Hero of the Soviet Union, Captain 2nd Rank I. Fisanovich.
Israel Ilyich Fisanovich selflessly overcame all obstacles and difficulties on the way to the command bridge. Among the naval school cadets, he initially turned out to be the youngest and least prepared for military service. However, Fisanovich became the first in his graduation and received from the hands of the People's Commissar of Defense Marshal K.E. Voroshilov personalized silver watch. The arrest of his father, who admitted under torture that he was engaged in espionage for Nazi Germany and later died in a prison hospital, would seem to have ruined the career of the young talented commander, but this did not happen.

I.I. Fisanovich was a born submariner, romantic and naval poet. Under the command of Fisanovich, the submarine M-172 made 17 combat missions, destroying 7 enemy ships and 1 patrol ship. According to the domestic rating, he ranks 7th among submariners in terms of combat effectiveness in WWII. Fisanovich even had the courage to come to his father’s funeral in his native Kharkov at the very height of Stalin’s repressions, which is why he immediately found himself on the list of politically unreliable officers and slid several steps down the official ladder.
In the very first military campaign, Fisanovich, who replaced the commander of the “baby” M-172, who was put on trial for cowardice, and observed his actions, Hero of the Soviet Union I.A. Kolyshkin made a daring breakthrough into the enemy port of Liinakhamari, where they successfully attacked a transport stationed under unloading. This technique was immediately adopted by other commanders, as well as, somewhat later, the method of periscope-less attack on a surface target based on hydroacoustic observation data, which he used for the first time in the Soviet fleet.
But submariners remember not only Fisanovich’s military achievements. From the pen of Israel Ilyich came “The Story of a Baby,” which soulfully describes the everyday life and exploits of the crew of the native M-172. He also owns the wonderful words of the “Hymn of Submariners”:

There is no higher happiness than fighting enemies, And there are no bolder submariners, And there is no firmer soil under our feet than the decks of submarine ships.

Pay attention to the quatrain from Valentin Pikul’s book “Requiem for the PQ-17 caravan,” published in 1970:

The enemy is doomed. We walk through steel and flame. Let them bomb. Let's see who is smarter. and there is no firmer ground under our feet than the decks of submarines.
………………………………………………………………….

So this is the 3rd verse of the “Submariners’ Hymn”. True, Pikul replaced the first words “The enemy is drowned” with “The enemy is doomed”; apparently, according to the meaning of the book, Pikul dedicated these lines to the commander of the K-21 submarine N.A. Lunin, who received orders to attack the battleship Tirpitz and protect the convoy PQ-17.
Fisanovich’s character can also be judged by an excerpt from a letter he wrote on December 21, 1943, shortly before his last campaign: “...The day after tomorrow I will turn 29. Considering that Alexander the Great died, having conquered the universe earlier than these years, and Don Juan (Don Juan) of Austria, being several years younger, won one of the greatest naval battles in the Gulf of Lepanto, then I did not have enough time in my life. However, times are apparently not the same, and I am the youngest captain of 2nd rank in our country and the youngest person in my position. This somewhat reassures me, although it does not certify me in any way.”
It is difficult to say why exactly the B-1 became the only boat lost during the passage from England to Polyarny. Although it was Fisanovich who was overwhelmed by the greatest doubts about the choice of the route he proposed and the distrust of the allies that he expressed to the division commander before going to sea. To top it all off, a few hours earlier, some “well-wisher” reported that a time bomb had been planted on the submarine. The boat was thoroughly examined, but no mine was found...
The opening ceremony of the monument was attended by a member of the royal family, the Duke of Gloucester, the ambassadors of the Russian Federation, the Netherlands and Poland, the commanders of the submarine forces of Norway, France and the British Navy, representatives of local authorities, members of the British Submariners' Association, as well as veteran submariners from Norway.
In response to the greetings of the veterans, the Duke of Gloucester said: “I was born in 1944, it is I who must salute you. Front-line 100 grams for those at sea.”
Among the ceremony participants was a former German submariner, 89-year-old Mr. Time, whose submarine sank the British destroyer Kingston in a Norwegian fjord in 1939. Time said: “These people deserve our respect. It didn't matter what nationality they were - they all did their duty. It’s great that now this monument will remind them of them.”
For comparison, we present the following data:

Ships and vessels sunk (+) and damaged (=) by submarines of type S, Shch, V of the Northern Fleet in 1941-45