Political map of the Caucasus in Russian. Transcaucasian countries and their capitals on the map

We study the countries of Transcaucasia and their capitals on the map (list 5) ➤ included in the Caucasus region. Below is a map of the location of the Caucasus republics + capital, alphabetical list, borders by land and sea, flags and continents, in English

Presentation with flags for children and adults: the capitals of the 5 republics in Transcaucasia. The ability to sort the table alphabetically, select the necessary neighboring countries and their capitals, friendly and unfriendly. Go to a detailed map in Russian, look at the surroundings of the city, show border areas nearby, find and write down the names. Find out the number of adjacent third-order neighboring states, their location in the region, as indicated. See on the diagram who it is adjacent to and the places nearby where the nearest city on the border is located. List the names of continents and parts of the world, surrounding seas and oceans. Find out the number of letters in the name and which one it starts with

Full list of countries in the Caucasus region + capital:

Abkhazia, Sukhum
Azerbaijan, Baku
Armenia, Yerevan
Georgia, Tbilisi
South Ossetia, Tskhinvali

Republic of Transcaucasia on the map + capitals

The table is alphabetical, it contains all the states of the region (Zakavkazya), which are united by location and territory, which have common borders. Both land/by land and sea/by sea. The above republican formations are geographically located between the Black and Caspian Seas, on the border of Europe and Asia. Previously part of the former USSR -

According to the list of 5 states in the region and a detailed geographical diagram of their location in the world for 2020, for clarification, switch to the “MAP” or “SATELLITE” view type. Nearby countries with territories around: western, eastern, northern, southern. More details here,

Show or name the mountains that are located between the Black and Caspian seas? The Caucasus Mountains are divided into two mountain formations: the Greater Caucasus and the Lesser Caucasus. Abkhazia and Georgia belong to the state territories of the Black Sea coast, Azerbaijan has access to the coast of the Caspian Sea

In English:

A country

Select country Abkhazia Azerbaijan Georgia Armenia South Ossetia

English version:

Here is a detailed map of the Caucasus Mountains with the names of cities and towns in Russian. Move the map while holding it with the left mouse button. You can move around the map by clicking on one of the four arrows in the upper left corner.

You can change the scale using the scale on the right side of the map or turning the mouse wheel.

In which country are the Caucasus Mountains located?

The Caucasus Mountains are located in Russia. This is a wonderful, beautiful place, with its own history and traditions. Coordinates of the Caucasus Mountains: northern latitude and eastern longitude (show on large map).

Virtual walk

The “man” figurine above the scale will help you take a virtual walk through the cities of the Caucasus Mountains. By clicking and holding the left mouse button, drag it to any place on the map and you will go for a walk, while inscriptions with the approximate address of the area will appear in the upper left corner. Select the direction of movement by clicking on the arrows in the center of the screen. The “Satellite” option at the top left allows you to see a relief image of the surface. In the “Map” mode you will have the opportunity to get acquainted in detail with the roads of the Caucasus Mountains and the main attractions.

antiqus classics

Caspian mountains

and gates (Greek Κασπία ὄρη, Latin Caspii monies).
1. The fanatical mountains between Armenia and Albania on the one hand and Media on the other (now Qaradagh, Siah-Koh, i.e. Black and Talysh Mountains). In a broad sense, this name refers to the entire chain of mountains running south of the river. Arak (from the Kotur River to the Caspian Sea). Here were the so-called.

Caspian Gate (Kaspiapili), a narrow mountain pass 8 Roman miles long and one chariot wide (now the Chamar pass between Narsa-Koh and Siah-Koh). This was the only way from Northwestern Asia to the northeastern part of the Persian state, because the Persians locked this passage with iron gates, which were guarded by guards (claustra Caspiarum).

2. The Elborz mountain range in Iran, with the main pass leading from Media to Parthia and Hyrcania.

3. Mountains north of the Cambyses and Aragva rivers, the Central Caucasus, Mount Caspian - Kazbek. K. Gate - Daryal and Cross Pass. One of the two routes from Transcaucasia to Eastern Europe known to the ancients ran through this pass along the valleys of the Aragvi and Terek rivers; it was along this pass that the Scythians most often carried out raids.

The Caucasus Mountains are a mountain system between the Black and Caspian seas.

It is divided into two mountain systems: the Greater Caucasus and the Lesser Caucasus.
The Caucasus is often divided into the Northern Caucasus and Transcaucasia, the border between which is drawn along the Main, or Watershed, ridge of the Greater Caucasus, which occupies a central position in the mountain system.

The most famous peaks are Mt. Elbrus (5642 m) and Mt.

Kazbek (5033 m) is covered with eternal snow and glaciers.

From the northern foot of the Greater Caucasus to the Kuma-Manych depression, the Ciscaucasia stretches with vast plains and hills. To the south of the Greater Caucasus are the Colchis and Kura-Araks lowlands, the Inner Kartli Plain and the Alazan-Avtoran Valley [Kura Depression, within which the Alazan-Avtoran Valley and the Kura-Araks Lowland are located]. In the southeastern part of the Caucasus are the Talysh Mountains (up to 2492 m high) with the adjacent Lenkoran Lowland. In the middle and west of the southern part of the Caucasus is the Transcaucasian Highlands, consisting of the ridges of the Lesser Caucasus and the Armenian Highlands (Aragats, 4090 m).
The Lesser Caucasus is connected to the Greater Caucasus by the Likhsky ridge, in the west it is separated from it by the Colchis Lowland, in the east by the Kura Depression. Length - about 600 km, height - up to 3724 m.

Mountains near Sochi - Aishkho (2391 m), Aibga (2509 m), Chigush (3238 m), Pseashkho and others.

Location of the Caucasus Mountains mountain system on the world map

(the boundaries of the mountain system are approximate)

Hotels in Adler from 600 rubles per day!

Caucasus Mountains or Caucasus- a mountain system between the Black and Caspian seas with an area of ~ 477488 m².

The Caucasus is divided into two mountain systems: the Greater Caucasus and the Lesser Caucasus, very often the mountain system is divided into the Ciscaucasia (North Caucasus), the Greater Caucasus and the Transcaucasus (South Caucasus). The state border of the Russian Federation with the countries of Transcaucasia runs along the crest of the Main Ridge.

Highest Peaks

The largest mountain peaks of the Caucasus Mountains (indicators from different sources may vary).

	Height, m	Notes
Elbrus	5642 m	the highest point of the Caucasus, Russia and Europe
Shkhara	5201 m	Bezengi, the highest point of Georgia
Koshtantau	5152 m	Bezengi
Pushkin Peak	5100 m	Bezengi
Dzhangitau	5085 m	Bezengi
Shkhara	5201 m	Bezengi, the highest point of Georgia
Kazbek	5034 m	Georgia, Russia (highest point of North Ossetia)
Mizhirgi Western	5025 m	Bezengi
Tetnuld	4974 m	Svaneti
Katyn-tau or Adish	4970 m	Bezengi
Shota Rustaveli Peak	4960 m	Bezengi
Gestola	4860 m	Bezengi
Jimara	4780 m	Georgia, North Ossetia (Russia)
Ushba	4690 m
Tebulosmta	4493 m	highest point of Chechnya
Bazarduzu	4485 m	highest point of Dagestan and Azerbaijan
Shan	4451 m	highest point of Ingushetia
Adai-Khokh	4408 m	Ossetia
Diklosmta	4285 m	Chechnya
Shahdag	4243 m	Azerbaijan
Tufandag	4191 m	Azerbaijan
Shalbuzdag	4142 m	Dagestan
Aragats	4094 m	highest point of Armenia
Dombay-Ulgen	4046 m	Dombay
Zilga-Khokh	3853 m	Georgia, South Ossetia
TASS	3525 m	Russia, Chechen Republic
Tsitelikhati	3026.1 m	South Ossetia

Climate

The climate of the Caucasus is warm and mild, with the exception of the highlands: at an altitude of 3800 m there is the border of “eternal ice”. In the mountains and foothills there is a large amount of precipitation.

Flora and fauna

The vegetation of the Caucasus is distinguished by its rich species composition and diversity: oriental beech, Caucasian hornbeam, Caucasian linden, noble chestnut, boxwood, cherry laurel, Pontine rhododendron, some types of oak and maple, wild persimmon, as well as subtropical tea bushes and citrus fruits grow here.

In the Caucasus there are brown Caucasian bears, lynxes, wildcats, foxes, badgers, martens, deer, roe deer, wild boars, bison, chamois, mountain goats (turs), small rodents (forest dormouse, vole). Birds: magpies, blackbirds, cuckoos, jays, wagtails, woodpeckers, owls, eagle owls, starlings, crows, goldfinches, kingfishers, tits, Caucasian grouse and mountain turkeys, golden eagles and lambs.

Population

More than 50 peoples live in the Caucasus (for example: Avars, Circassians, Chechens, Georgians, Lezgins, Karachais, etc.) which are designated as Caucasian peoples. They speak Caucasian, Indo-European, and Altai languages. Largest cities: Sochi, Tbilisi, Yerevan, Vladikavkaz, Grozny, etc.

Tourism and rest

The Caucasus is visited for recreational purposes: there are many seaside resorts on the shores of the Black Sea, and the North Caucasus is popular for its balneological resorts.

Rivers of the Caucasus

Rivers originating in the Caucasus belong to the basins of the Black, Caspian and Azov seas.

Bzyb
Kodori
Ingur (Inguri)
Rioni
Kuban
Podkumok
Araks
Liakhva (Big Liakhvi)
Samur
Sulak
Avar Koisu
Andean Khoisu
Terek
Sunzha
Argun
Malka (Kura)
Baksan
Chegem
Cherek

Countries and Regions

The following countries and regions are located in the Caucasus.

Azerbaijan
Armenia
Georgia
Russia: Adygea, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, Krasnodar Territory, North Ossetia-Alania, Stavropol Territory, Chechnya

In addition to these countries and regions, there are partially recognized republics in the Caucasus: Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Nagorno-Karabakh.

Largest cities of the Caucasus

Vladikavkaz
Gelendzhik
Hot key
Grozny
Derbent
Yerevan
Essentuki
Zheleznovodsk
Zugdidi
Kislovodsk
Kutaisi
Krasnodar
Maykop
Makhachkala
Mineral water
Nazran
Nalchik
Novorossiysk
Pyatigorsk
Stavropol
Stepanakert
Sukhum
Tbilisi
Tuapse
Tskhinvali
Cherkessk

Cheap flights to Sochi from 3000 rubles.

Where is it located and how to get there

Address: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Russia

In connection with the latest events, a wave of the most shameless lies began again, including about the “transfer of Karabakh to Azerbaijan by the Bolsheviks.” This phrase was even heard at a meeting of the European Parliament on April 12, where it seems that smart and competent people should work.

Any lies about territories are clearly broken up by historical maps. I present a map published in Russia: Transcaucasia 1809-1817. Georgia, Persia, Türkiye and many Azerbaijani khanates are clearly visible. As you know, and I think no one will argue, the Armenians did not have khans or khanates, simply by definition. There were Armenian melikdoms, but they are not on the map.

So, on the territory of modern Azerbaijan, Karabakh, also known as the Shusha Khanate, is clearly visible in the center. Before the start of the Karabakh events, almost no Armenians lived in Shusha; it was a purely Azerbaijani-Turkic city next to the fortress built by Khan Panahali. On Absheron there was the Baku Khanate, and Guba, Sheki and other Azerbaijani khanates are also visible. On the site of modern Armenia there was the Iravan (Erivan) Khanate, next to the border of Persia there was the Nakhchivan Khanate.

The word "Armenia" simply does not exist. Need comments? I think it's unnecessary. The Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region was created by the Bolsheviks in 1923 in the center of Azerbaijan out of nothing, that is, there was no similar administrative unit there. NKAO was created in Azerbaijan, as part of Azerbaijan. And in 1992-93, former Soviet Armenia seized this land and the surrounding seven regions that had no relation to NKAO by force, without legal grounds. Now Azerbaijan is liberating our territories through peaceful and military means. Everything else that is written and said in tons is only suitable for waste paper.

North Caucasus District of Russia

The North Caucasus Federal District is an administrative formation located on an area of 172.4 thousand km² in the southern part of European Russia, as well as the eastern and central parts of the North Caucasus. The interactive map of the North Caucasus Federal District contains information about the administrative-territorial division: the North Caucasian Federal District includes 7 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, including the Stavropol Territory and 6 republics (Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkarian, Ingushetia, North Ossetia-Alania, Karachay-Cherkess, Chechen). The region's population reaches 9.54 million people.

The map of the North Caucasus Federal District displays its geographical borders: the district has common land borders with the Southern Federal District, the republics of Abkhazia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and South Ossetia. The region shares its water borders with the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The functions of the center of administrative formation are performed by Pyatigorsk, which is not the administrative center of a subject included in the North Caucasian Federal District (Stavropol Territory). A detailed map of the North Caucasus Federal District shows the location of Pyatigorsk, which occupies part of the Stavropol Upland, the banks of the river. Podkumok. Makhachkala is considered the largest city in the region.

The Stavropol Territory is considered the most developed in economic terms. Various sectors of the national economy operate successfully here. On a detailed map of the North Caucasian Federal District, the Stavropol Territory is represented by the largest resort in the Russian Federation - Caucasian Mineral Waters. In terms of quantitative and qualitative indicators of therapeutic mud and mineral waters, it cannot be compared with any balneological resort in Eurasia.

Have you ever wondered what the Caucasus is? The origin of the word is still unknown. Scholars suggest that it means the name of the people who lived in the area during the time of the ancient Greek playwright Aeschylus.

From the time of the settlement of primitive man on the territory of Armenia and right up to the present day, this southern part of Eurasia fell under the wave of division in every possible way: there was a constant struggle for strategically advantageous, resource-rich territories.

During the invasion of the Golden Horde, the Caucasians suffered significantly from the power of the Mongol-Tatars and remained under its influence for a long time. This contributed to the preservation of the patriarchal-feudal system, which slowed down the political development of the south compared to the central part of Russia.

It is known from history that the desire of the Russian Empire in the 18th century to trade with European countries contributed to the organization of military campaigns in the southern territories in order to annex new lands. But the conquered coast of the Caspian Sea was soon lost. As a result of peace treaties, the southern border again began to run along the Terek River. However, the location of the army in difficult mountainous areas contributed to the construction of fortification lines, which began with the construction of the fortresses of Kizlyar and Mozdok.

Decades later, after the war with Turkey, the famous Azov-Mozdok defensive line would be created, strengthening Russia’s influence in the Black Sea.

The Caucasus - where it is located and what it borders on

On the world map, the mountainous area can be found on the border between Europe and Asia; it covers an area of about 450 thousand km 2. Having basic knowledge of geography, it will be easy to imagine the volume of the territory according to geographical coordinates - 38°25' - 47°15' north latitude, 36°37' - 50°22' east longitude.

The territory is limited from the east by the Caspian Sea, and from the west by the Black Sea and Azov coasts. The northern border of this region is considered to be the Kuma-Manych depression. Southern - the republics of Iran and Turkey.

Population of the Caucasus

The peoples of this region are divided into three groups based on language:

Caucasian family: Georgians, Lezgins, Abkhazians, Chechens and others;
language family: Azerbaijanis, Karachais, Trukhmens and others;
Indo-European family: Ossetians, Jews, Armenians, Greeks, Russians and others.

Today, over seventeen million people live in this area: more than 50 nations, different religions, cultures, languages. Traditions and economic structures of different stripes mixed in the southern part of Eurasia. This certainly creates problems among the population.

Nevertheless, over many centuries of cohabitation, Chechens, Lezgins, Dargins, Avars and other representatives of the peoples have built a complex but fruitful system of relationships: conflicts and strikes between the population began to occur less frequently, and it is possible to maintain relative calm in the region.

The population of the Caucasus constantly suffered not only from internal ethnic contradictions, but also from external threats. Since ancient times, Caucasians have been subject to invasion by nomadic barbarian tribes. Fierce wars were constantly fought for influence in the Black and Caspian Seas. For example, the invasion of the Caucasus by the Russian Empire dealt a crushing blow to the established historical features of the interaction system. The population decreased by approximately five hundred thousand people.

During the occupation of territories by the Nazis, the population of the Caucasus was resettled to Siberia and Central Asia, and remained there for several decades. Only a small part returned to their rightful territories.

The population was seriously undermined by the first Chechen war, in which more than 5 thousand people died, tens of thousands were left homeless, and the crisis that followed years later provoked the population into a new military conflict and entailed another wave of victims.

The indigenous population is basically Muslim, but there are also Orthodox peoples - Ossetians, Abkhazians and Georgians, Armenians, etc.; Jews practice Judaism.

List of Caucasus countries

Turning to the political map, we will see that the list of states located in this territory includes:

Abkhazia;
Chechen Republic;
Ossetia;
part of Russia;
Circassia;
Ingushetia;
Azerbaijan;
Georgia;
Armenia.

Many scientists are inclined to believe that Türkiye also belongs to the countries of this region. Numerous arguments confirm this.

These countries are home to the most beautiful, world-famous cities:

the resort city of Sochi, beloved by many;
Bulgakov's Kislovodsk, famous for its mineral waters;
Grozny is the capital of the Chechen Republic, rich in oil;
Gagra and Tbilisi are wonderful resort cities.

Relief

The terrain is mostly mountainous.

Conventionally, the entire territory is divided into tectonic zones:

The Ciscaucasia region is characterized by flat terrain and low hilliness.
The Greater Caucasus is composed of ridges and valleys, geographically divided into: Main and Side ridges, belts of the northern and southern slopes.
The Transcaucasian zone is represented by a relief with a larger number of hills than in the rest of the region. It includes the Kura and Rioni depressions.
The mountainous heights of the Lesser Caucasus limit the Armenian Highlands.
Armenian folded zone.

Remembering this geographical area, most residents of Russia will name the Caucasus Range.

The ridge of the main Caucasus ridge

This powerful mountain system, clearly visible on the physical map of the world, consists of the Main Range, the Side Range, divided by rivers into separate sections.

To the west of Mount Yalbuz the ridge is smaller than Vodorazdelny; in the east, on the contrary - higher. Along the entire length of the mountain system there are: Central, Eastern and Western parts.

The central part is located between the Kazbek and Yalbuz mountains.

The relief forms of the Western Caucasus are the same rocky as in the Central Caucasus. To the west of the peak, the Fisht mountains become lower.

Babadag is a mountain peak in the east of the Greater Caucasus Watershed Range

The eastern part is higher than the Western, but the height of the mountains in it is much lower than in the Central. After the peak of Babadag, located in Azerbaijan, the mountains decline sharply - this section is called the Caspian chain.

Geological structure and minerals

Oil is one of the most significant mineral resources of the southern regions. During the war with the Soviet Union, Hitler sent part of his army in this direction with the aim of capturing the most valuable of natural resources - “black gold”. No less famous is the Absheron oil field in the eastern part of the Kura Depression. It is composed of river sediments from the deltas of the ancient Volga and Kura, which once flowed into the lake of the South Caspian depression.

The upper soil is composed of sands and clays. The lower, sedimentary layer contains hydrocarbons - this is where oil deposits are located. In recent years, more ancient strata of the Republic of Dagestan and the Krasnodar Territory have been developed.

The gas fields of the mountainous region are no less important. People have been benefiting from this wealth for a long time. For example, the Dagestan glass factory has been operating on natural gas for several centuries. The cities of Stavropol and Grozny are rich in gas. Even before the revolution, natural resources were mined in them for heating premises. Large deposits have also been discovered in the Krasnodar Territory, which currently ranks first in gas reserves in Russia.

The western region of Georgia is famous for its coal mining. And, although the reserves of this mineral are not so large, it is of significant importance in industry.

The mountainous country is rich in ores. Almost all metals needed in industry are concentrated here. The most significant representatives: copper, zinc, iron, arsenic, aluminum.

Climate

The Caucasus is located in two zones - temperate and subtropical. The presence of mountain ranges that obstruct the flow of cold air has a noticeable effect on the climate. For this reason, in winter the temperature in the Ciscaucasia drops lower than in the Transcaucasus, which is protected from cold currents by mountains.

The climate can vary significantly in different parts of the region. Continental temperate is typical for Western Ciscaucasia. And the East has a dry continental feel. The Lankaran lowland is characterized by humid subtropical climate.

Significant amounts of precipitation fall on the slopes of the Greater Caucasus. Most of them, thanks to air currents, are concentrated on the slopes of the most humid regions: Central and Western.

Considering the territory of the Lesser Caucasus, it is worth noting some features:

duration of winter - in some areas it lasts about 4 months;
the average amount of precipitation per year, which reaches 500 mm or more.

Glaciation

At the beginning of the twentieth century, glaciation amounted to 1967 km 2. Due to a certain direction of wind flows, the glaciation of the northern slope of the mountains is more significant than the southern one.

Elbrus Volcano

The largest area of glaciation has the inactive volcanoes Elbrus (Yalbuz) and Kazbek, which are 143 km 2 and 135 km 2, respectively.

Today, the length and thickness of the ice sheet have decreased, for example, the glaciation of Elbrus has decreased by about 10%. It is worth noting:

This area is dangerous from the point of view of avalanches. Scientific research has established a pattern between the sizes of ancient avalanche drains and glaciers that feed on solid sediments. It was the collapse of avalanches in large numbers that led to the appearance of massive Caucasian glaciers of considerable length.

Another problem in the Caucasus is the formation of mudflows arising from rain and snow, as well as from melting ice. If there is little precipitation over a long period of time and the temperature drops, then melt water accumulates in the valleys and, mixed with moraines, forms mudflows, posing a great threat to the human economy.

The largest rivers and lakes of the Caucasus A significant part of the mountain ranges is concentrated in the Greater Caucasus region. Rainfall, melted snow and groundwater, rushing from high mountains into the valley, form rivers and streams.

These are rivers of the so-called alpine type, with a glacial type of feeding.

Such rivers have a number of distinctive features: in winter, their water volume decreases, and they may disappear completely before the onset of summer (peak melting). Rivers of this type of feeding: the famous Lermontov Terek, the upper reaches of the Kuban, Kodori and many others.

Rivers in the Lesser Caucasus region are fed by groundwater. They form at an altitude of 2-3 km and increase to significant volumes in the spring, during floods. In summer, when the process of moisture evaporation occurs, the water level decreases and reaches minimum values.

A typical representative of this type is R. Kura.

In Mediterranean streams, the maximum level is observed in winter.

After the snow melts, rivers in the steppes of the Ciscaucasia increase in volume. In summer they turn into chains of small lakes, or disappear completely until the next flood. These are rivers originating in the Stavropol Upland.

There are few lakes in the Caucasus, mostly fresh tar lakes, small in area and no more than 4 meters deep. The largest lake of tectonic origin is Sevan.

The rivers are used by the local population for industry. Kura in its lower part, r. Rioni and R. Kuban – navigable; The fields are irrigated with water from the rivers; some have hydroelectric power stations.

Main types of landscapes

The southern region is diverse in landscape.

Conventionally, it can be divided into three zones:

The steppes are plowed and sown. Spaces not occupied by crops are used as pastures. Beech, ash, and oak grow in forest-steppes. The fauna of the Caucasus is similar to that of Central Asia: in the fields you can find long-eared hedgehogs, jerboas and reed cats.

The mountainous territories are divided into the Greater and Lesser Caucasus, occupied by meadows, mountains and forests, in the space of which beech, pine, and hornbeam grow; and the Armenian Highlands with steppes, which are used for hay harvesting and animal walking.

The nature is similar to Western Europe: deer live in the forests, bear, lynx, and fox are common. Less commonly you can see the jerboa and gopher.

Reserves of the Caucasus

There are many nature reserves located in the resort areas of the south. The state carefully monitors the preservation of the natural environment: any economic activity and hunting are prohibited; entry into some natural complexes is open only for scientific work.

The most famous visited nature reserves are:

The warm climate, the presence of healing mineral waters, the proximity of the seas and relatively low prices played a decisive role in the status of the Caucasus as the main resort area of Russia and neighboring countries.

Not only the best health resorts are concentrated here, including the Caucasian Mineral Waters, the famous city of Sochi, the beach coast with boarding houses and children's summer camps, but also competitive mountaineering centers and ski resorts.

Many poets and prose writers wrote about the mountainous country. Famous politicians grew up here. Mineral baths brought thousands of sick people back to their feet.

What else do you know about this wonderful world, where everything glows with steppe will, freedom and the dashing character of a mountaineer? If, after reading the article, you still have not had the desire to travel to a magnificent corner of the world, perhaps a few interesting facts will make you change your mind: