Topic in French: youth and the Internet. The role of youth Internet communication in the ecology of the French language

Kostyukova Larisa Mikhailovna,

foreign language teacher,

MOAU "Secondary School No. 7"

Novotroitsk, Orenburg region.

French language, 11th grade.

French. Grades 10-11: textbook. for general education organizations/

E.A. Grigorieva, E. Yu Gorbacheva, M.R. Lisenko. – M.: Enlightenment,

2014.-347p.

Level of training: basic.

Lesson topic : “Youth problems”, within the topic: “Aquellesportesfrapper»?

Objective of the lesson: Developing the ability to use language as a means of communication on a topic.

Tasks:

Educational: develop the skills of dialogic and monologue speech on the topic being studied, and include the studied vocabulary in oral statements.

Developmental: develop imagination, expand students’ knowledge on the topic of “drugs.”

Educational: to form personal qualities: giving up bad habits, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, respecting the opinion of another person.

Equipment: textbook, blackboard, tape recorder with disk, teaching material.

Lesson progress:

Organizational moment. Greetings. Creating a favorable language atmosphere. 2min.

Professeur: Bonjour! Asseyez – vous! Jesuiscontentedevousvoir! Quelledatesommes – nousaujourd" hui? Comment Ç ava? Quiest absent?

Ecoutez le plan de notre leçon:

Nous allons répéter les mots sur le thème: la consommation de la drogue.

Nous allons parler de la consommation de la drogue.

Nous allons parler des causes qui pousse un individu à se droguer.

Main part.

Repetition of vocabulary. Words and expressions are written in two columns; it is necessary to find an equivalent translation. 10min .

. Appendix 1.

An exercise on substituting words according to their meaning into sentences.Appendix 2.

Assignments are checked in class: mutual testing and self-testing, and points are awarded based on the completion of the first point of the plan. The result of the work is analyzed.

Dialogue – conversation .

Parquoi les adolescents commencent à se droguer?

Est – ce que la plupart veut échapper au mal de vivre?

Qu"est-ce que tout le monde éprouve?

Quelle merite à la drogue?

Quelle association destros qui fait la toxicomane?

Listening to the text " J " ai plonge ´à 17 ans " 13min.

Completing the task before listening.

Trouvez l´équivalent russe des mots et des expressions dans le dictionnaire/

Working with a dictionary. Each student is given certain words.

Avoirledroitdefaireqch- have the right to do something.

Authoritaireauthoritarian.

En dehor de qch –outside.

Le pire -worse.

Justifier ses decisions-explaintheirsolutions.

Stupide-silly.

Se procurer du hach ​​- get hashish.

Se render compte de qch – givereportVhow – or.

Toucher le fond –visitonhimselfday.

Récupérer –pick up.

La deception amoureuse –lovedrama.

LeSAMU– ambulance service.

Monologue speech. Work in groups. Each group is given sentences in a free order. If necessary, correct mistakes and compose a story based on the text they listened to.Appendix 3 . The work is assessed in each group. Criteria: correction of logical errors in sentences and logically correct sequence of the story.

Points are awarded for the second stage of student work - self-assessment.

Game "Journalist». 9min.

The strongest student is selected and asks questions on the topic “Youth Problems.” Crocshang themselvesonblackboard:

periode difficile pour les jeunes .

un bon travail

l "argent de poche

des problems psychologiques.

A strong student makes up questions based on these lines. The rest answer each question within 2 minutes.

The teacher evaluates the work and helps students express their thoughts based on the vocabulary they have learned.

ApproximatequestionsAndanswers.

On dit que cette periode est difficile pour les jeunes. Pourquoi?

- On doit trouver la place dans la society. Nous voudrions etre certains de notre situation dans cinq, dix ou vingt ans.

- Qu"est-ce qu"il faut faire pour obtenir un bon travail?

- Pour l"obtenir il faut être instruit. A la fin de l"enseignement secondaire on choisit un etablissement de l"enseignement superieur, un college ou une ecole professionnelle.

- L "argent de poche pour quels buis est-il necessaire?

Nos parents nous assurent un logement, la nourriture et les vetements dont nous avons besoin mais il est necessaire d"avoir l"argent de poche pour payer les cassettes, les livres, les hobbies.

- Y a-t-il des problems psychologiques pour les jeunes?

Les problémes psychologiques peuvent кtre plus compliques pour les jeunes que les problemes financiers: les relations avec les parents, avec les amis, l "amour malheureux.

3. Control. 7min.

Executing the test. Mutual control.Appendix No. 4.

4. Summing up the lesson. Marking and self-reflection of work. 2min.

5.Homework. Write a letter to a friend who has a drug problem. 2min.

Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University. 2011. No. 37 (252).

Philology. Art history. Vol. 61. pp. 126-131.

A. A. Sidorov

THE ROLE OF INTERNET COMMUNICATION BY YOUTH IN THE ECOLOGY OF THE FRENCH LANGUAGE

This article identifies the problem of the influence of youth communication on the Internet on the modern French language. The main formats of communication of young French people on the Internet and their features are considered. The word-creating techniques used in the process of Internet communication, the level of their demand and the degree of influence on the ecology of the French language are analyzed.

Key words: Internet communication, word-creating techniques, blog, forum, website, ecology of the French language, development of the language system.

The entry of the Internet into human life has facilitated the solution of a number of problems and accelerated the process of achieving goals in the field of communication. Communication on one of the most popular networks in the world has raised an entire generation of young people. For them, life without the Internet is no longer possible, which determines the key directions of development in the language system as a mandatory tool for Internet communication. This code is gradually acquiring universal multilingual status. On the one hand, we are witnessing the degeneration and simplification of any language in the world, on the other hand, on the basis of this language, a new multi-level system is being built, available only for use by initiates. French is no exception in this case. Young French people spend a huge part of their lives on various forums, blogs, chats, Internet diaries, guest books, social networks, as well as on various websites and in other formats.

Language is a huge mineral resource that needs to be utilized to the fullest. In this case, the speech of young people can be considered as a source of the most valuable and rare elements of enrichment for the entire language system1. Actually, the language of youth today plays an important role in the ecology of the entire system of modern French. From the position of ecolinguistics, as a current trend in linguistics, a comprehensive analysis of modern youth slang on French-language Internet pages is necessary: ​​a description of its semantic, word-formation and syntactic parameters, identification of the main lexical-semantic fields and basic cultural

turological units that determine the linguistic and speech characteristics of the youth language of Internet communication.

An interesting and rich source of factual material for us were the blogs, forums and chats beloved by young French people, on the study of which we will focus our attention in the framework of this article.

In the process of analyzing material from Internet sources, we combined forums, blogs and chats into one general group, since they have a similar structure, namely: they are compiled by the users themselves, and not by the site administration. As a rule, this happens spontaneously, without checking spelling and punctuation, so it is here that word creation manifests itself more clearly than on the main pages of youth sites. A slight difference is observed only in the level of spontaneity of the messages left, which can be classified as follows.

Blog - English blog from web blog, "online journal or diary of events" is a website whose main content is regularly added posts, images or multimedia2. Characterized by the highest maximum frequency of spell checking. However, the special style of an Internet page can manifest itself in the form of changes in lexical units.

Forum - special software for organizing communication between website visitors2. There is less control over spelling. Inflections are used to speed up the process of writing a message and highlight the message from the mass of similar ones.

Chats - English chat - “conversation” - a means of communication between users over the network in re-

real time, as well as software that allows you to organize such communication2. The lowest frequency of checking is used, and often its complete absence in order to respond to the interlocutor’s message as quickly as possible. At the same time, the number of techniques for changing lexical units increases2.

The first of the forums we analyze will be the forum of site3. Here, youth methods of word formation no longer represented isolated cases, but more diverse methods of word creation, bordering on the ability to barely grasp the meaning of the message:

Mn ex a casse 2 sem apre environ il me re-demand de ressortir avc lui je ne se pa si je doi ressortir avec lui: love:

This message differs from the normalized version by the absence of punctuation marks, the exclusion of unpronounceable letters, the absence of icons, and the use of universal messages enclosed between two colons expressing emotion. Such universal symbols are called “emoticons” in certain electronic messaging systems. Similar messages within this forum are replete with the same methods of word formation, which allows you to estimate the frequency of use of certain symbols:

Eux moi jepense ke sa doit être due a la cigarette. ou sinn c un trouble tre grave et rare...

Here there are abbreviations and replacement of letters, absence of icons and punctuation marks. In a message from another section of the forum we observe similar slang transformations: : coucou: Alors voila, piti ble’m! Euh... Prenez votre fauteuil et un petit cafe parce ke sa risque d’etre long!

In this excerpt from the monologue, there are letter abbreviations, as well as an element expressing the expressive coloring of the message, formed by concluding a word between the colons, which helps to better understand the mood of the author of the text.

A less frequent technique within this forum should be recognized as verlanization, or rather its special type - verlanization of letters:

Oui je sia smais j'ai des problme pour ecri-re...3.

In this example, the words sais - sia, problm - probtemes are verlanized. Sometimes messages in this form are duplicated by the author’s explanations or a version of the message in compliance with the literary norm, since

Next, let us turn to the most frequently used methods of word formation on the website of the “emo” youth movement www. emo-france.forumactif.com. The site functions and is designed as a forum, which will allow us to immediately trace the main preferences of its visitors in word creation. The main section of the forum is called Etre EMO, with quoi?, in which there is already a letter replacement of the combination c’est with one letter c. The first message in this section begins with the words: S koia eG EMO? C'est koua I'etat d'esprit des EMO? The word quoi is replaced by koua. Although this spelling retains the original pronunciation of the word. Also in some places the icons are missing and the combination c’est is replaced by the equivalent c. Further messages use similar techniques: je voudrais savoir si je pouvais avoir des adresse msn demoo pkc il son tro beau. Some nouns lack final consonants to mark the plural. There are also no apostrophes or symbols; letter abbreviations are used. All the techniques used serve to speed up typing and save time.

The next site that aroused our scientific interest was the site www.clash.jeun. fr, the very name of which already speaks of its youth orientation. A variety of young people, as well as representatives and fans of the hip-hop movement and rappers, leave their messages here. The first section we visited was the Rap section, dedicated to rap and hip-hop culture. Some messages are composed in the form of freestyle (improvisation in rap; recitation of a rhymed rhythmic recitative composed by the performer on the go) (www.wikipedia.org). For example, one of them: j'ai le style qui piqe les yeu, tro nerveu, un mc comme vince fai pas lon feu, ta voulu clashe THC me ta q 'la po sur les os3. This sentence is replete with such techniques as letter abbreviations using truncated endings: piqe, yeu, tro, nerveu, fai, q'la, replacing the ending with another similar to it in phonetic terms, but different in spelling, in order to shorten the length of the ending: clashe , me, ta, po.

in your messages. Analysis of the latter reveals a certain trend: the younger the age, the more cases of using modified forms of lexical units. On the one hand, young guests of the forum strive to show themselves as “their own”, experienced and strive to look older and more original: Hey!!! jM'appelle Marylene!! Et j'ai 13 ans!! chui emo weuuuw!! alors laisser tous votre msn!!!))) p.s. : Allez vouar mon skyblog =-D. Using this example, we can consider the methods of letter abbreviations: jM’appelle instead of jе t’arrPe, chui is not only a letter, but also a phonetic abbreviation of the literary analogue of je suis. According to our statistics, this is one of the most frequently used abbreviations among French youth. In the verb voir, vowel sounds are replaced with phonetically similar sounds to the sound oi - vouar. The anglicism skyblog is used, denoting a storage system for online diaries. The emotional coloring of the sentence is expressed by the interjection weuuuw, emoticons))) and a set of symbols =-D, symbolizing three hearts and a smiling face.

Also, a more detailed analysis of the features of the syntax and vocabulary of a number of messages allows us to conclude that among the members of the Francophone Internet community there may be speakers of other linguistic cultures and insufficiently literate people, which provides additional flavor to the French language of young people on the Internet.

In neighboring sections of the forum, we also found a large number of examples indicating the enormous frequency of word changes among French youth. For example: oui c meme kestion ke je voule te pose. Here, letter abbreviations are used (с instead of c'est), accent abbreviation (tete instead of tete), letter substitutions corresponding to equivalent sounds (kestion and ke instead of question and que, respectively), as well as replacement of endings with shorter ones (voule and pose instead of vouler and poser respectively). Almost every word in this message has been modified in some way. Or this example: dc je ne sias pas comb1 de temps je dois les faire pousser ni si je dois proceder a des lis-sages ou mm aller chez le coiffeur, in which we observe the letter abbreviation dc instead of done, the technique texto, which replaces with using a digital designation for a combination of letters. In this case, a number is selected that is similar in sound to part of the word used: pc1

instead of combien. The message is completely missing punctuation and partially missing. On the other hand, we can observe one of the most common letter abbreviations in the Internet environment: tt instead of tete.

On this forum there are messages containing an excessive number of techniques for consideration, almost every word is “coded”: jvoule savoir si quelqun voudre b1 me passer son msn pr maider a devenir un emo (je sais, c un pe marrant com jdis sa)© pasque jen ai vrement envie c pas un truc que je prend a la legere. This example uses techniques that clearly characterize texto, namely: the reduction of apostrophes: jvoule instead of je voulais, a form characteristic of the literary norm of the French language, quelqun instead of quelqu 'un, maider instead of m 'aider, jdis instead of je dis, jen instead of j ' en, the absence of diacritics in the phonetic analogues of the original spelling of verb endings: voule, voudre instead of voulais and voudrais, respectively, a instead of a and in the endings of verbs, even in the simplified version of the spelling, for correct phonetic reading, there is no supposed accent aigu over the vowel e. The following techniques that attract attention in this message are the replacement of combinations of letters with a digital designation that is phonetically similar to the sound of the letters: b1 instead of bien (and this replacement is only an approximate phonetic analogue of the nasal sound), the replacement of some letter combinations with other, shorter ones and convenient to write: vrement instead of vraiment, where the “substitute” does not fully correspond to the phonetic parameters of the original lexeme, com instead of the literary norm comme, in which there is a nasal sound in contrast to the form used in the message, letter abbreviations pr instead of pour, c instead of c 'est, pe instead of peut. Also in the example under consideration there are phonetic abbreviations: pasque (in oral speech the union parce que is often pronounced without the sound r to simplify the phonetic structure and ease of pronunciation). In addition, the two parts of the conjunction parce que are combined into one word pasque for ease of typing. It is also necessary to note the use of universal symbols - “emoticons”, expressing positive, sometimes playful emotions.

In the speech of young Frenchmen within the Internet space, we find completely

Absolutely unique ways of word creation that are difficult for adult speakers of a given language to understand, not to mention those who study it or use it as a second language. Such messages are relatively rare, but they are also found on some official websites. So, on the forum of the site www.diskut.djeun. com uses almost all the techniques inherent in texto, a detailed consideration of which should be devoted to several serious articles. This message is posted in the section “a koi sert lamour”: Je dit a tous les gens ke lamou donne des ailes mais en pleine alien peux oci r bien couper lamour kan on е petition croi ke c le bonheur kon va direct se marier avoir d enfant kan on е petit on c dja le nombr denfan kon va avoir komen i von sapM е tt pr ІЄ mek c pa tro sa mе bn mdr е pui plu on grandi plus on voi ke lamour et dur o fon franchmen les tout dеbut c super c genial ta limp^ssion ke t o paradis е des-foi ya d egueulade d ti truk ki von metr la haine ds ta vie tu te fra trompе desfoi humilier ou tn copin te fra cocu c tu vera mе par experience surtout ne vous prener surtout pala tete ac kelkun ki nen vo pa la peine et surtout o memen ou vous vous poz-єгЄ tro de kestion ke tora plu de sentiment e ke tu doutera de ne reflechi pa tro e fonc5.

Obviously, a detailed analysis of this example is a whole independent study of word creation techniques in the modern French language of young people. In this article, we will focus on listing the main methods of speech modernization used in this message. We are faced with letter abbreviations (dja, bn, mdr, c), with the absence of apostrophes (lamou, denfan), with shortening of writing by selecting letter combinations similar in sound to the normalized form (e, me, o, koi, oci), with omission of diacritics in positions where their spelling is determined by the norm (the purpose

Shorten the spelling of the word). In addition, there is no punctuation marks at all; the text looks like one sentence. All the indicated techniques serve to speed up typing, which is one of the main tasks of texto. These types of texts are often typed from the keyboard of mobile phones and other intercom devices.

The next area of ​​research within this article is chats, the specifics of the language of which we will talk about later. Unlike forums and guest books, chats allow you to instantly leave information and

receive it, i.e. be in constant, uninterrupted contact with the Internet community. Here messages are not stored for long due to their huge number. Speeding up the communication process entails reducing the volume of each message. The most convenient form of communication in this regard is a replica. Sentences and short texts lose their positions in favor of brevity. The chat, which seems interesting to us for consideration, quite clearly illustrates the word-creative picture among French youth. Let's look at the following passage:

Elf: GaeLle: tu fais quoi avec ton ordi? GaeLle: Heuu rien Elfi pour quoi?

Elf: tu respire?

GaeLle: Et baille comme une morue GaeLle: Oui comme une morue je m’assume bien

Elf: rrooo me nn t pas morue!

Elf: tu dis nimporte koua GaeLle: Looool

GaeLle: Non, mais apres on dira que je suis pretentieuse

Miss N: mais c un peu vrai quand mm BliSs: XD Miss_N: lol

Miss_N: Elfi fait plein de bisous sur GaeLle Elf: enfin sur la morue

Swiss Lulu: se_xy_femme change de pseudo stp GaeLle: se_xy_femme moi aussi mais je ne le dis pas rolala

Swiss Lulu: GaeLle modeste tu le dis ou pas? Gaelle: Swiss Lulu non ca ne fait pas partie de mon vocabulair!

Swiss Lulu: okay 4

This passage clearly demonstrates the frequency of use of certain word formation techniques in French youth chats. Regardless of the topic of the chat, the purpose of communication, as a rule, is making acquaintances, discussing other chat participants and all sorts of pressing problems. Unlike guest books, forums and blogs, there is much less strict censorship here. The administrator can only deny its author access to the chat after leaving an objectionable message. The techniques used in this chat excerpt are:

These are both letter abbreviations (nn instead of non) and abbreviations of endings (ordi instead of ordinateur), absence of punctuation marks (except for the exclamation mark), frequent use of interjections (heuu, rrooo,

rolala) and argotic phrases (baille comme une morue), replacement of letter combinations with combinations similar in sound (mе - mais, koua - quoi), introduction of anglicisms into the message (looool, lol - laughing out loud, okay - OK) and universal symbols (XD is a symbol depicting a laughing face with squinted eyes). In some cases there are no diacritics (pretentieuse - p^tentieuse, ca - ga).

Having analyzed forums and chats, we would like to pay attention to word creation within blogs. When getting acquainted with this format of communication among young people, every desire to “decorate” the text becomes obvious. This is due to the fact that the blog is managed by the user himself; it is he who decides which message from another user to leave and which to delete, to whom to allow access to his page and to whom to restrict it. As a result of the above, blogs become a “field of active activity” for word formation. There are certain rules here, like on forums, but blogs are more prone to a chaotic use of word-creation techniques.

Let's turn to the blog www.cendrillon33.skyrock. com, its author cendrillon33 is a student from Perpignan. The preferences column indicates the following - RAP, R’N’B, HIP HOP, Br£f pL£iin d£ cHO$£S:p. The 133t speak technique is widely used here (a method of replacing letters with symbols and numbers, which in their writing are close to the original spelling). In this example, the letter e is replaced by the symbol £. Techniques that are rarely found on the Internet are also used: for example, using fonts of different sizes (cHO$£S - choses), doubling a vowel (pL£iin - plein), writing a universal emoticon symbol (:р - depicts a smiling face with its tongue sticking out ).

The following blog we reviewed is from a Parisian student named docn92110, registered at www.docn92110. skyrock.com, we took for research a message with the following content: sa serait trop long a expliquer et il et rare que les gens lisent tout mais je trouve que skyrock et un bon ptit passe temps et on peutfaire de drole de rencontre comme faire des rencontre interressante 6. This message appears in the “about myself” section; there is no thoughtless use of word creation techniques, which makes reading and understanding the information contained easier even for the uninitiated. However, the author still speeded up the typing, this can be seen in the omission

icons (a - a, drole - o), lack of punctuation, minor letter abbreviations (ptit - petit)5. Next blog www.dleny. skyrock.com by dleny (college student, 19 years old) provides more analysis techniques. So, one of the posts (message

about the blog) contains the following information: YeAh !!pEtiTe sCeaNce fOtO chEz lOuloU! trOp mA 2eme mAisOn lol A_A grOs zibOuxXa tOuS!!! @+ (caption for the photo)7. This small sentence contains a huge number of word-creation and other techniques, such as: Americanism YeAh - an exclamation expressing agreement, Anglicism lol - out of loud, the use of fonts of different sizes (in this case, uppercase and lowercase letters), which introduces rather non-semantic, but an aesthetic load, the absence of punctuation marks, the omission of diacritics (2eme - 2eme, a - a), universal emoticon symbols (L_L - meaning a face with squinted eyes and @+ - drawing the likeness of a rose). In addition, a common and beloved technique among French youth is used here - verlan (zibOuxX - bisous), while the letter composition of the word is changed.

In the process of studying youth Internet slang and its role in the ecology of the modern French language, we have worked through a significant amount of factual material, which made it possible to identify the main word-creating techniques that change the traditional system of the French language and determine the levels affected by the process of ecology of its entire system and trends in subsequent development. It has been established that among the main word-creating innovations among youth are letter abbreviations, widespread use of Americanisms and Anglicisms, changes in the letter composition of the word, absence or substitution of punctuation marks, the introduction of universal symbols, omission of diacritics and apostrophes, verlanization, phonetic equivalents, interjections, digital substitutions, argot , 133t speak, use of fonts of different sizes. As a result of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the use of the above word-creation techniques, the most popular ones in the Internet environment were identified. Among the latter, it is worth noting letter abbreviations, absence of punctuation marks, Americanisms and Anglicisms, universal symbols, interjections and omission of diacritics.

Partially controlled by censorship and political considerations, most sites (in this case forums) use only a certain number of techniques. The status of the official website is very important for gaining authority among young people, therefore the information contained on the main information pages should be easy to read not only for those initiated (“our own”), but also for newly arrived casual visitors. Chat rooms and blogs are less subject to censorship and provide a wide field for self-expression. Here we see a vivid picture of word creation, limited only by the user’s imagination.

There is no clear age differentiation in the use of certain techniques. Validity and accuracy of use according to the context of the message are characteristic of older site visitors.

No gender-specific features influencing the use of characteristic techniques were noted.

Territorial differentiation was not taken into account when conducting this analysis, since in the field of word-creation activity within the Internet space, isolating and studying this aspect is incorrect, since the Internet is a communication format that belongs to the entire society, where the rights of everyone are positioned as equal.

The main reasons for using such a wide range of various word-creating techniques, in our opinion, are the desire for the fastest possible communication with others like oneself and the desire to express oneself as clearly as possible.

Regarding the prospects for the development of the entire system of modern French under the influence of Internet communication among young people, we dare to make the following assumption. The general trends are obvious - everything is moving towards

literal abbreviation of the word composition (those combinations that form one sound are simplified), to digital replacements of phonetic equivalents (phonetic units close to them in sound). Americanisms and Anglicisms will remain relevant in light of the demand for the English language itself in the world today and in the future. Verlan and various types of argot may gradually lose their relevance, because today in Internet communication French youth prefer other methods of word creation.

Thus, it should be noted that the Internet today has already significantly influenced the French language in its traditional classical form. The techniques we have studied actively penetrate into the everyday life of French adults (professional activities, everyday life, leisure and other areas). Under certain conditions, the possibility of using in the future some of the word creation techniques we have considered in the state printed media in large quantities does not seem so incredible.

Notes

1 Shamne, N. L. Theoretical foundations for constructing an algorithm for ecolinguistic monitoring / N. L. Shamne, A. N. Shovgenin // Vestn. VolSU. 2010. P. 74.

2 Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia. URL: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog.

3 Tribudados.com. URL: www.tribudados.com.

4 Forum rap, clash. URL: http://clash.jeun.fr.

5 Diskut.djeun.com. URL: www.diskut.djeun. com.

6 Blogs - skyrock.com. URL: http://www.skyrock. com/blog.

7 Dleny's blog - skyrock.com. URL: http://dleny. skyrock.com.

La vie moderne ne peut pas se concevoir maintenant sans internet, perce que ce réseau mondial joue un grand rôle pour les gens de tout âge: pour les adolescents, la jeunesse, les personnes entre deux âges et même pour les gens âgés. On peut expliquer cette tendance par le fait qu"internet sert aux études, à l"information et aux loisirs, il permet de faire des achats et communiquer avec ses amis. La fonction télétravail permet de travailler chez soi ce qui peut être pratique.

Internet paraît comme un bienfait international, mais comme toute médaille à son revers il présente des inconvénients. Les heures passées devant l"écran peuvent perturber la vision et l"inactivité favorise l"obésité ce qui est mauvais pour la santé. C"est pourquoi, les médecins conseillent d"ailleurs de faire plusieurs pauses voir changement d"activité dans la journée .

Côté psychique, l"univers virtuel d"internet peut se révéler néfaste surtout pour la jeunesse on constate souvent sous couvert de l"anonymat la présence de propos blessants et insultants souvent oubliés par la censure.

Mais quoi qu"il en soit, internet utilisé raisonnablement est un outil positif pour la société.

Translation

It is impossible to imagine modern life without the Internet, since the World Wide Web plays a big role for people of all ages: teenagers, young adults, middle-aged people and even the elderly. This trend can be explained by the fact that the Internet is used for studying, obtaining information and for entertainment, it allows you to shop and communicate with friends. In addition, it is an opportunity to work from your home, which is also very practical.

The Internet is also a great opportunity for international communication. But as you know, every coin has a flip side. There are also disadvantages. Long hours spent in front of a screen can impair vision, and prolonged immobility causes obesity, which is also harmful to health. Therefore, doctors recommend taking breaks from work several times a day to change activities.

From a psychological point of view, the virtual world can also have a negative impact, especially on young people. Anonymity allows people to make offensive or even insulting statements, which often go uncensored.

But be that as it may, wise use of the Internet has many positive benefits for society.

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Frolova Alena

Creative work

Download:

Preview:

Municipal educational institution "Lyceum No. 17"

Features of youth slang in modern French

Completed by: Alena Frolova

10B class student

Head: Pobozhakova E.V.

French teacher

Berezovsky

2010

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..3

Chapter 1. Slang as a phenomenon in modern linguistics ………………………………………………………5

Chapter 2. Youth slang in modern French…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………….6

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………12

Appendix…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….13

References…………………………………………………………………………………………...14

Introduction

At all times, the real language of youth differed from the language of adults. According to linguist Georgy Kamsky, “language is a living being that changes every day.”

Youth slang is the vanguard of the language. What is the difference between youth slang and other types of slang?

Firstly, these words serve to communicate between people of the same age category. At the same time, they are used as synonyms for ordinary words, differing from them in their emotional connotation.

Secondly, youth slang is characterized by its “obsession” with the realities of the world of young people. The slang names in question refer only to this world, thus separating it from everything else, and are often incomprehensible to people of other age categories. Thanks to knowledge of such a special language, young people feel like members of a closed community.

And thirdly, this vocabulary often includes quite vulgar words.

The purpose of our workis to study youth slang in modern French and compile a dictionary of youth slang.

Job objectives:

1. Study the literature on this issue.

2.Identify the features of the definition of youth slang in modern linguistics.

3. Identify the main features of the formation of youth slang in the French language.

4. Determine the reasons and conditions that contribute to the emergence of slangisms in the colloquial speech of young people in France.

5. Compile a dictionary of the most commonly used slangisms in modern French.

Research methods.To identify the main features of the formation of youth slang in the French language, as well as to determine the causes and conditions that contribute to the emergence of slangisms in colloquial speech, an analysis of various sources was carried out: fiction, journalistic and scientific literature, press, radio, television programs.

Relevance of this work.While studying French, listening to the radio, authentic songs, television programs, reading the press, modern literature, students encounter new, obscure and difficult to translate words. This work will help remove the difficulties of understanding these words, introduce students to the language of the “street”, the press, and modern literature.

The practical significance of this work is in compiling a dictionary of French slangisms for high school students.

Chapter 1. Slang as a phenomenon in modern linguistics.

All vocabulary of a language is divided into literary and non-literary. Literary ones include:

1) book vocabulary; 2) everyday vocabulary; 3) neutral vocabulary;

Non-literary vocabulary is divided into:

1) professionalism; 2) vulgarisms; 3) jargon; 4) argo.

The non-literary part of the vocabulary is distinguished by its colloquial and informal nature, however, often these words become not only common in the colloquial speech of people of different professions and social status, but also pass into the category of literary vocabulary and are included in dictionaries.Professionalisms- these are words used by small groups of people united by a certain profession. Vulgarisms - these are rude words, usually not used by educated people in society, a special vocabulary used by people of lower social status: prisoners, drug dealers, homeless people, etc. Jargonisms - these are words used by certain social or interest groups that carry a secret meaning that is incomprehensible to everyone.

Slang are words that are often seen as violating the norms of standard language. These are very expressive, ironic words that serve to designate objects that are talked about in everyday life.

The term “slang” itself translated from English means:

1. the speech of a socially or professionally isolated group, as opposed to a literary language;

2. a variant of colloquial speech (including expressively colored elements of this speech) that do not coincide with the norm of the literary language.

Chapter 2. Youth slang in modern French

Sociolinguistic phenomena are present in all modern languages, including French. The rich, stylistically colored youth language differs from the standard French language by the presence of vocabulary with a more or less pronounced familiar coloring.

Youth slang in French often arises as a protest against verbal cliches or as a desire to distinguish oneself and look original, which is typical of young people. Teenagers, using youth slang, strive to express their critical or ironic attitude towards the adult world, show themselves to be more independent, and gain popularity among their peers. By speaking a special “fashionable language”, young people strive to distinguish themselves from adult native speakers or to disguise the meaning of what they are saying.

Thus, youth slang can be called an encrypted or “secret” language that would be understandable only within one’s own circle. Such words differ from the generally accepted speech norm in many linguistic parameters.

The youth language uses diverse vocabulary: foreign words, professionalisms, vulgarisms, abbreviations, metaphors, etc.

There are especially many expressions that are synonymous with wordsvery good, excellent, wonderful -super,prima,class,extra,relax,cool,d’enfer,vachement.

You can compile a whole dictionary of so-called fashionable words and expressions that are currently popular among French youth. Here are just some examples: piger - comprendre (understand), le boucan - le bruit (noise), le pote - le copain (buddy), le bi-bop, le portable, le mobile- le telephone de poche (cell phone) le bahut - le lycée (lyceum), la meuf - la femme (woman), le trac - la peur (fear), bosser - travailler (work), le fric, la maille, les balles- l’argent (money), le toubib - le médecin (doctor), je m’en fiche - ça m’est égale (I don’t care), je suis fauché - je n’ai pas d’argent (I have no money), je suis crevé - je suis fatigué (I'm tired), avoir un mal fou - avoir des difficultés (experience difficulties) y en a marre - j'en ai assez (I've had enough), la bagnole, la caisse - la voiture (car), les clopes - les cigarettes, j'ai la trouille - j'ai peur (I'm scared), j 'ai un petit creux - j'ai faim (I'm hungry), dab, daron - père (father), dabesse, daronne, doche - mère (mother).

The "language of the street" is gradually taking its place in the French language. Films, radio and television programs, printed materials for teenagers and young people, computer games contribute to its spread.

One of the features of colloquial speech in French is that inSome letters and even syllables are not pronounced in the flow of speech. But the most difficult to perceive and understand are slang words and phrases. For example: fais gaffe = fais attention, avoir la trousse, avoir la trouille= аvoir peur, bises = je t" embrasse, le bail = le contrat, ben = eh bien, crevé = très fatigué, bouffer = manger, je m" en fiche = ça m" est égale, elle prend de la bouteille = elle vieillit, avoir un mal fou = avoir des difficultés, y en a marre = j" en ai assez, chouette = jolie, moche = mauvais, une boîte = une enterprise, filez! = foutez le camps! = partez!.

French youth aged 15-17 years old are characterized by “verlan” (verlan m - language “on the contrary”), a type of conventional language in which syllables are rearranged in such a way that the first syllable becomes the last, for example:l'envers –verlan; père m-repe ; mere f-reme; metro f-tromé; musique f-zicmu; chien m-yench; crampe f-pecram; lourd-relou; bizarre-zarbi; sot-toss; noir-renoi ; juif-feujeu; satan-natsa; fou-ouf; pourri-ripou; brancher-chébran; va mal-malva; peau de balle-balpeau; louche-chelou; bombe-beton; salut!-luss! Comme ça-comm'as; laisser tomber- laisse béton.

Argotic transformations with the first syllable are also characteristic of “largonji” (largonji m). According to Louis-Jean Calvet, the key here is simple: the first consonant is pronounced last, and the consonant “l” is substituted instead. Thus jargon giveslargonji (code) ; en douce-en loucedé; fou-louf; un sac-un lacse; cher-lerché; prince-linspré;borgne –lorgnebé.

Young people actively use abbreviations in their speech, reflecting not only the tendency to save language resources, but also the desire not to be understood. Truncation is more typical for colloquial speech. As before, as now, the most used type of truncation is truncation final syllables - apocope: Max–Maximilien; graff m-graffiti; Net m-Internet; deb-débile;trom m-tromé (verlan de "metro"); turve f-tourvoi (verlan de "voiture"); à tout al’-à tout à l’heure; d'acc-d'accord.

I.A. Tsybova points out that apokop the truncation seam usually occurs after the phoneme [o], if it is present in the original word:alcoolo-alcoolique;aristo-aristocrate; clodo-clochard ; dirlo-directeur ; dispo-disposition ; geo-geographie; gynéco-gynécologie; hebdo-hebdomadaire; hosto-hopital; info-information;

interrogation; mollo-mollement; négo-négociation; parano-paranoïaque; phallo-phallocrate; porno-pornographique; préco-préconisation; pro-professionnel;prolo-proletaire; promo-promotion; pseudo-pseudonym; racho-racifique; retro-retrospective; schizo-schizophrène; ventilo-ventilateur.

It should be noted that recently, the earlier less active type of truncation is truncation of initial syllables, apheresis (aphérèse) – little by little gaining strength. And this is not accidental. Teenagers want to speak a language that others do not understand. And since most of the information is at the beginning of the word, apocopes are more understandable, and they resort to apheresis more and more often. For example:blème – problem; dwich-sandwich; zic-musique;vail –travail; leur-contrôleur.

Sometimes teenagers use both types of truncation:gol-mongolien; tiag-santiagos(botte mexicanes).

The abbreviation of phrases became widespread in the 20th century. Initial abbreviations (sigles) are divided into alphabetisms and acronyms.

Alphabetisms (letter abbreviations, where each letter is read as in the alphabet) are not found so often in speech due to difficulties in pronunciation. And yet they are used in speech: M.J.C. .- :Maison des Jeunes et de la Culture; T.V.B. -tout va bien; D.J. -disk jockey ; H.S. -hors service.

Acronyms , initial abbreviations, which contain a vowel phoneme, are more typical for the youth lexicon: la BU -la Bibliothèque Universitaire; la RU -le Restaurant Universitaire; SIDA -syndrome d'immunodéficit approprié.

Another way of word formation is confluence (téléscopage) is a method of word formation in which part of one word is merged to form a single word with part of another word or with a whole word. Teenagers really like words formed in this way, which cannot be found in any dictionary, but can be recognized by the presence of two original words: directeur+tueur= directueur m: chef d'établissement impitoyable; principale+pâle= principle m: directeur qui a mauvaise mine; école+colle=écolle f: lieu où les élèves restent englués dans leurs problèmes; cancre+crier= cancrier m: élève tâcheron qui sèche sur son pupitre; collegien+chien= colléchien m: élève retenu le mercredi pour avoir cabotiné en classe; faute+copier= fautocopier :recopier les erreurs de son voisin.

Some words are borrowed from:

Arabic language in the era of colonial wars: bled m=petite ville

f(village m) ; kawa m=cafe m; clébs m=chien m ; toubib m=médecin m; flow -argent m; arhnouch -policier m; haram-peché; chouΪa -un petit peu;

Berber language: arioul -quelqu'un d'idiot;

Gypsy: bedo -cigarette de haschich; craillav-manger;

Creole: timal -gars;

African: gorette -fille; tchatsch -parole,discours,bavardage,

as well as from local dialects: engast-probleme; gasier-gars; panouille -poltron.

But the most borrowings, constituting 21% of the lexical composition in the modern “francais branché”,

From English: boom m-(in student argot) - student annual holiday; il est looké - he looks fashionable; top -à la mode; speeder -se dépêcher; flipper – être angoissé, être détendu and their derivatives: speeder – speedé, hyper – speedé; flipper – c’est flippant, avoir une superflippe, c’est rien qu’une flippette;être cool - vas-y-cool.

English words not only penetrate into the French language, but also constitute a new argot (un nouvel argot “de luxe”), the possession of which is very prestigious. For example, driver m – chauffeur m de taxi; news m- magazine m; toons pl – dessines animés pl; kids pl – enfants pl. In a conversation, parents can ask each other: “Et tes kids, ça va?”

Some of the words, old French argots, form the main fund of the verbal youth repertoire: caisse – voiture; daron – père; taupe – fille; bûcher – travailler; mater – regarder; chialer – pleurer; se planter – échouer à l’examen.

The word "maille" means money. During Capetian times, the "maille" was a small copper coin equal to noon .This term is found in the expressions “avoir maille à partir avec qn” -not to share something with someone, not to get along; “n’avoir ni sou ni maille” - not to have a penny in your soul.

Currently, “maille” is included in the expression “coincer de la maille” - gagner de l’argent.

Of particular interest are ambivalent words, i.e. words that develop a new opposite meaning. Yes, word enfer m stands for hell. The expression C'est l'enfer! - This is bad, this is a nightmare. The positive meaning is

the word acquired already from G. Flaubert (1857) in the expression jeu d'enfer .And currently d'enfer means strong powerful amazing cool. Another word for vachement is rude, vicious, piggishhas acquired the opposite meaning -amazing, great.

To enhance the emotionality of speech, young people use a set of intensifiers that replace bien, très, très bien, agréable, sympathique. These words are:vachement, d'enfer, fun, zen, drôlement, etc.

Elle est vachement bien - She's damn good.

Un look d'enfer -Stunning, cool appearance.

Ça deviant fun (bien, agreable).

Vachement zen, ton lieu (Ton appartement est très sympa.)

The presence of metaphors and metonymies in youth language is explained by the tendency towards expressiveness and the desire for specific images:airbags – les seins; casquettes – les contrôleurs, chauffer – ennuyer, fatiguer; capter – comprendre; bounty – un noir, allowing also un Blanc.

Evaluative words and clichés make up a very large and important part of the verbal repertoire of young people in France: cool :adj. Se dit dans toutes circonstances (bien sympa. Les adultes emploient encore "cool" dans les sens de "calme, tranquille"); emblem : adj.Se dit d’importe quoi, à condition qu’on lui accorde une valeur symbolique ou un certain intérêt; pointu – dernier cri; ça me branche, ça me parle – ça m’interesse; ça me trouve – ça m’etonner; c'est chouette! – c’est chic!

Often words and expressions have a pronounced disparaging connotation: cassé :adj. Se dit d'une personnage soûle, droguée, en état second (après une nuit blanche) ; chtarbe :adj. Se dit d’ une personne folle, bizarre; lourd :adj. Laid, bête, pennible; radical: adj. available ; nase ou naze :adj. venu de l'argot "classique". En mauvais état; hors de service, nul ; pourri - très mauvais; être grave – être idiot; speedé: adj. pressé, surmené. Le contraire de "cool"; golio :insulte banale parmi les lycéens. Tare, imbecile; se prendre la tête – casser la tête (chose pénible).

The use of a number of expressions reflects a tendency to exaggerate emotions: C'est degueulasse! – Ce n’est pas bon! J'en ai ras le bol! - J'en ai assez. C'est un canon. - C'est une belle fille. C'est class ! - C'est parfait, magnifique! C'est l'enfer! -C'est affreux! C'est mortel! – C’est formidable! C'est moche! – C’est laid!

Of particular interest are words denoting nationality, and

with a hint of disdain: Américaine m – Amerlo, Amerlock, Amerloque m,f, Anglais m – Angliche m; Arabe m – Arbi, Arabi, Arbicot m; Belge m – Belgico, Belgicot m; Chinois m – Chinotoque m; Polonais m – Polak, Polaque m,f; Italien m – Rital m.

Teenagers are sometimes merciless towards their peers. And in order to humiliate them, “sarcastic” words are used: bledman ("deblé man" en verlan), blédos, blédard, blécien :celui qui arrive de son bled, l’ignorant, le paysan, le rustre. The appearance also comes under fire: fax, findus, carte bleue :fille qui n'a pas de poitrine. On peut la glisser dans le fentede télécopieur de distributeur de billets, “findus” reprenant la métaphore de l’expression familière “plate comme une limande”; celle qui a de gros seins est une master card.

The characteristics given to people of certain professions lack respect:agent de police – poulet, m, perdreau m, volaille f, guignol m, bourrique f, bertelot m, vache à roulettes; avocat m – bavard m, baveux m; cordonnier m – bœuf m, gnaf m, bouif m; blanchisseuse f – blanchicaille f, etc.

It was argot, according to Alphonse Budar, that at one time gave the language a special originality. The language, “born” in neighborhoods on the outskirts of cities, over time takes its place at different levels of the French language. Yes, words beur m – (Arabe), keuf f – (policier), meuf f – (femme) can already be found in the dictionary. Same as kiffer – (aimer) ; leur, leurleur – (contrôleur), schmitts - (policiers) are claiming to take their place there.

Modern films (la Haine, Mon 6-T va cracker, le Ciel, les oiseaux ...et ta mère), radio and television programs, printed materials contribute to the dissemination of youth vocabulary.

Features of youth slang are presented in the appendix to the work.

Conclusion

1. At the moment, in many countries of the world there is an intensive process of transformation of the living spoken language, a significant aspect of which is the emergence of new youth slang.

2. The political and socio-economic life of France over the past two decades, the social problems that are the most acute for French society, resonate in the youth language with a rich stylistically colored vocabulary.

3. Teenagers strive for self-expression through appearance, leisure activities, adherence to graffiti, hip-hop, etc. Youth slang is also one of the ways teenagers express themselves.

4. The following methods of formation are typical for French colloquial slang:

Syllable rearrangement (verlan style);

Truncation of final syllables (apokopa);

Truncation of initial syllables (apheresis);

Initial abbreviations (alphabetisms and acronyms);

Word mergers;

Borrowings from English;

Ambivalent (words with opposite meanings);

Studying the slang of French youth helps students of the French language to better imagine the features and originality of the national picture of the world, to understand the nationally specific features of the mentality of French youth. Understanding and knowledge of slang introduces students to the linguistic environment and represents a unique opportunity for their inclusion in an active dialogue of cultures.

Application

Peculiarities of the spread of youth slang in the French language.

A - language “on the contrary”

B- word truncation

B-letter abbreviations

G- connections of parts of words

D - English borrowings

E - use of old French words in the opposite meaning

F - use of synonyms

And - the use of words that characterize certain professions and nationalities with a tinge of disdain

REFERENCES

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