Declension of the verb avoir in French. Etre and avoir educational and methodological material on the French language (grade 5) on the topic

One of the most common verbs in French is a representative of the third, irregular group avoir. The conjugation of this verb needs to be remembered immediately from the moment you learn the language for two reasons. Firstly, it is found in many everyday designs. With its help, they report their age and the presence of something, and also describe many conditions (cold, hot, feeling hungry or thirsty, etc.). The second reason is grammatical: with the help of avoir, some complex tenses are formed, in which it acts as an auxiliary for the main semantic verb.

Verb meaning

The Russian translation of this verb will correspond to the words “to have, to possess something”, as well as “to receive something”.

In addition to many speech patterns, the verb is also included in the construction il y a, which changes according to tenses according to the basic rules. It has two meanings: the first can be translated as “there is something somewhere”, it is used for descriptions and enumeration. The second meaning is related to time and is translated as “back before.” For example:

Il y a une table et une chaise dans sa chamber. (“In his room there is a table and a chair.”)
Janette est venue il y a une heure. (“Janet arrived an hour ago.”)

Indicative mood

It includes eight tenses, of which only four are widely used: Présent, Futur, Passé Composé, Imparfait. Let's look at the features of each of them.

In the present tense, the initial letter of the stem is retained, except for the 3rd person plural form (ils ont).

In the future tense, u is built on the basis of aur-.

In Imparfait, the verb has two features: the stem av- and the appearance of complex endings. In this case, the letters -ai- appear in the singular and in the 3rd person plural when subsequent letters are not pronounced. The letter -i- appears in the 2nd and 3rd person plural before pronounced endings.

In the difficult tense of Passé Composé, you need to use different forms of avoir twice. The conjugation of the first coincides with the forms of the present tense, the second part is the past participle - eu.

Since the verb is auxiliary in the formation of Passé Composé, you should use it in the present tense as a linking verb, and then substitute the participle of the main semantic verb to get the predicate in the past tense.

Conditional and subjunctive moods for avoir

The verb conjugation in these forms can be remembered using the following tips. The conditional uses a stem similar to the future tense (aur-), and the endings are the same as Imparfait. In the subjunctive mood there are two stems: ai- before unpronounceable endings and ay- before pronounceable endings.

Imperative

Along with other moods, you need to know how requests and orders are formed using avoir (conjugation). The French language has 2 imperative tenses, 3 forms each. In the present tense there are forms taken from Subjonctif (aie, ayons, ayez). In the past, the second participle eu is added to them.

Learners of French are faced with the need to memorize many verbs, their endings and tenses. One of the most used is a representative of group 3 avoir. It is necessary to know its conjugation, because, firstly, it is used in many stable phrases, and secondly, it is an auxiliary verb for the formation of several tense forms.

Verb meaning

Its main meaning is “to have, to possess something”

As-tu un chat? - Do you have a cat?
Cet enfant a beaucoup de jouets. - This child (has) a lot of toys.

In this meaning it is equivalent to English to have. In translation, the word “is” is usually omitted.

Another meaning is “to receive, to own something”

J'aimerais avoir un collier d'or. - I would like to receive a gold necklace.

avoir in the indicative and conditional moods

Let's look at how verb forms change in tenses such as the present (Présent), the incomplete past (Imparfait), the future simple (Futur Simple), the past complex (Passé composé), as well as in the conditional (Conditionnel) and subjunctive (Subjonctif) moods.

In Présent de l'indicatif the conjugation of the French verb avoir should be remembered. The task is made easier by the fact that in almost all forms, except for the 3rd person plural, there is an initial vowel of the infinitive, and the pronunciation of all forms occurs according to the rules. In Imparfait, the following pattern can be traced: two initial letters (-av) are taken from the infinitive, they are joined by the corresponding endings starting with -ai (-ais, -ais, -ait, -aient), and the vowel -i (-ions, - iez).

In Futur verb conjugation avoir characterized by the presence of a consonant -r before the ending, with the stem changing to -aur. Looking carefully at the table, you will notice that the endings in Futur Simple are identical to the endings in Présent, only the stems change.

In the present conditional (Présent du conditionnel), the stem is the same as in the future simple (-aur), and the endings are the same as Imparfait. In the present subjunctive mood (Présent du subjonctif), the stem -ai is used before unpronounceable endings (for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd person singular and 3rd person plural), and before pronounced endings -ay is used (for the 2nd and 3rd person plural).

Finally, Passé Composé, which is essential in both oral and written French speech, requires the participation of both a main verb in the past participle form and an auxiliary linking verb. In the case of avoir you need to use this verb twice: first as an auxiliary (the forms will coincide with the conjugation in the present tense), then its participle eu.

Using a verb as an auxiliary

To form Passé Composé, you need to know the present tense conjugation of the verb avoir. It is to it (less often to être) that the participles of semantic verbs will be attached. The image shows how the process of formation of Passé Composé occurs. The participles needed for conjugation can be found in dictionaries and reference books. For regular verbs of groups 1 and 2, it is enough just to discard the final consonant -r from the infinitive, and in the first group, additionally add an accent aigu (é) above the final vowel -e.

Example: parler - j’ai parlé (group 1); rougir - tu as rougi (group 2); être - elle a été; mettre - nous avons mis (group 3), etc.

Set phrases

For French language learners, verb conjugation avoir you will need to replenish your vocabulary. In the following expressions presented in the table, nouns without articles are added to the verb.

To this list you can also add combinations in which the noun is used with a definite article. As a rule, they are continued by the preposition de and infinitive.

Avoir le temps - to have time, to have time.
Avoir l'habitude - to have a habit.
Avoir la chance - succeed.
Avoir l'idée - come up with, think.

These and other constructions will decorate spoken and written speech, and having learned the verb conjugation avoir, they will be easy to apply in any situation.

Verb meaning

The Russian translation of this verb will correspond to the words “to have, to possess something”, as well as “to receive something”.

Il y a une table et une chaise dans sa chamber. (“In his room there is a table and a chair.”)
Janette est venue il y a une heure. (“Janet arrived an hour ago.”)

Indicative mood

It includes eight tenses, of which only four are widely used: Présent, Futur, Passé Composé, Imparfait. Let's look at the features of each of them.

In the present tense, the initial letter of the stem is retained, except for the 3rd person plural form (ils ont).

In the future tense of the verb avoir, the conjugation is based on aur-.

Conditional and subjunctive moods for avoir

Imperative

Good afternoon friends! Today I will tell you about one of the most important verbs in French - avoir. European languages, unlike Russian, have not yet gone through the path of global speech reduction. Therefore, many words that were in sentences in Russian and are now omitted, in French still occupy the place allocated for them.

For example, when you say “I am a doctor” in modern Russian, the “is” that used to be in such phrases is dropped. And in many European languages such linking words are still used. This is exactly what the verb avoir is. Its main meaning is “to have,” but it is also used in conjugation of other semantic verbs. But first things first.

From this article you will learn:

Main purpose

The direct purpose of avoir in phrases is in the meaning of the main semantic verb “to have, to eat.” Moreover, in Russian the use of this word may not be justified by the meaning of the statement: Il a 5 ans. - He is five years old, but literally - he is five years old. Il a courageusement - He is brave (He has courage).
More familiar to us: J’ai une maman - I have a mother.
Did you notice that different words are highlighted in these sentences? These are forms of the verb avoir, they depend on the conjugation:

You noticed that in the first person singular the Je (I) is truncated to J’. This table of avoir in the present tense of declarative sentences must be remembered.

Double negative rule

In order to compose a phrase in which you say that something does not exist, you need to use the usual double negative in French according to the scheme:

subject ne predicate pas minor members

Set expressions

Another use of the verb “to have”. It can be part of set expressions:

Today I tried to tell you as completely and simply as possible about one of the most common verbs in the French language.

But there is nothing better than training to feel at ease and at ease.

You will read even more useful and simple information in our next articles.

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