Morphemic analysis of the adjective word. Morphemic analysis of the adjective word Morphological analysis of the adjective which

Adjective parsing plan

I	Part of speech, general grammatical meaning and question.
II	Initial form (masculine, singular, nominative case). Morphological characteristics:
	A	Constant morphological characteristics: rank by meaning (qualitative, relative, possessive).
	B	Variable morphological characteristics:
		1	only for qualitative adjectives:
			a) degree of comparison (positive, comparative, superlative); b) full or short form;
		2	number, gender (singular), case.
III	Role in sentence(which part of the sentence is the adjective in this sentence).

Examples of parsing adjectives

After swimming we lay on the sand hot from the southern sun(Nagibin).

(On the) hot (sand)

Adjective; denotes an attribute of an object, answers a question (on the sand) which one?
N. f. - hot.
hot) and short form ( hot);
B) Variable morphological features: used in the positive degree, in the full form, in the singular, masculine gender, prepositional case.

(From) southern (sun)

Adjective; denotes a sign of an object, answers a question (from the sun) which one?
N. f. - southern.
A) Constant morphological features: relative adjective;
B) Variable morphological features: used in the singular, neuter gender, genitive case.
In a sentence it serves as a definition.

Bulgaria is a good country, but Russia is the best(Isakovsky).

good

Adjective; denotes a feature of an object, answers a question (country) what?
N. f. - good.
A) Constant morphological features: qualitative adjective; there are degrees of comparison ( better) and short form ( good);
B) Variable morphological features: used in the positive degree, in the short form, in the singular, feminine.

better

Adjective; denotes a feature of an object, answers a question (Russia) what?
N. f. - good.
A) Constant morphological features: qualitative adjective; quality adjective; there are degrees of comparison ( better), short form ( good);
B) Variable morphological characteristics: used in a comparative degree (simple form).
In a sentence it serves as the nominal part of the predicate.

Without responding to his sister’s words, Nikifor shrugged and shrugged his shoulders(Melnikov-Pechersky).

(on the) sisters (words)

Adjective; denotes a feature of an object, answers a question (in words) whose?
N. f. - sisters.
A) Constant morphological features: possessive adjective;
B) Variable morphological features: used in the plural, accusative case.
In a sentence it serves as a definition.

Exercise for the topic “3.3.4. Morphological analysis of adjectives"

3.3.1. The concept of an adjective. Morphological features of adjectives. Classes of adjectives

Morphological analysis of the adjective is carried out according to the following scheme:

1. Adjective. Initial form.

2. Morphological characteristics:

a) constant:

Rank by value

Degree of comparison (for quality ones, for which this feature is constant),

Full/short form (for quality ones, for which this sign is constant);

b) non-permanent:

Degree of comparison (for quality ones, for which this sign is not constant),

Full/short form (for quality ones, for which this sign is not constant),

Genus (singular number),

Case (for complete ones).

3. Syntactic role in the sentence.

TO comment for analysis.

The adjective is written out from the text in the form in which it appears. If an adjective modifies a noun with a preposition (in big house), It would be a mistake to write down the adjective together with the preposition, since the preposition is a component of the prepositional case form of the noun and does not belong to the adjective.

It must be remembered that an adjective can have a compound form (for example, taller, least comfortable). In this case, all components of the form are written out.

The initial form of the adjective is the masculine singular form for adjectives that have a full form, and the masculine singular form for adjectives that have only a short form.

The constant features of an adjective are its belonging to a certain category in meaning (qualitative, relative or possessive) and its declension. The definition of adjective declension is not accepted in school grammar. The definition of rank by meaning is made for the meaning in which the adjective is used in the text.

Some qualitative adjectives, as already mentioned, do not have degrees of comparison and/or a short form. In this case, completeness/brevity should be placed in permanent attributes.

A positive degree of comparison can also be a constant feature (that is, a qualitative adjective may not change in degrees of comparison, for example the word special), however, in the textbooks of all three complexes, degrees of comparison of adjectives are indicated only if the adjective is in the comparative or superlative degree, and no indication of the positive degree of comparison is made. This approach has the disadvantage that it does not allow an adjective in the positive degree of comparison to indicate whether this form is a constant or inconstant feature.

The invariability of indeclinable adjectives is their constant feature. Invariable adjectives have no inconstant features.

The inconstant features of an adjective are number, gender (singular), and case. For most qualitative adjectives, non-constant features are also completeness/brevity and degrees of comparison.

It must be remembered that only complete adjectives have a case marker.

If the adjective is in the form of a simple comparative degree, then it is not characterized in terms of completeness / brevity and does not have signs of gender, number and case.

When analyzing, we must not forget that the object of the morphological description is the word in its specific meaning. Different meanings of one word (its lexico-grammatical variants) may have different morphological features. In an adjective, this difference can manifest itself primarily in relation to the signs of completeness/brevity and degrees of comparison. So, adjective alive as an antonym for the word dead changes in completeness/brevity, but does not change in degrees of comparison, that is, it has a constant sign of a positive degree of comparison, alive in the meaning of “movable,” on the contrary, it does not have a short form, but varies according to degrees of comparison.

The word is subject to morphological analysis in the meaning in which it is used in the text.

ABOUT good man morphological analysis of the adjective.

And indeed, she was beautiful: tall, thin, eyes black, like those of a mountain chamois, and looked into your soul(M. Yu. Lermontov).

good good (in this meaning);

constant signs: qualitative, brief;

inconsistent signs: positive degree of comparison, units. number, female genus;

High- adjective, initial form - high;

inconsistent signs: complete, positive degree of comparison, units. number, female genus, I. p.;

syntactic role: part of the predicate.

Thin- adjective, initial form - thin;

constant signs: high quality, complete;

inconsistent signs: positive degree of comparison, units. number, female genus, I. p.;

syntactic role: part of the predicate.

Black- adjective, initial form - black;

constant signs: quality;

inconsistent features: complete, positive degree of comparison, plural. number, I. p.;

syntactic role: part of the predicate.

Mountain- adjective, initial form - mountain;

constant signs: relative;

inconsistent signs: units. number, female Rod, R. p.;

syntactic role: part of the adverbial clause.

Every student needs to know the analysis of an adjective as a part of speech. It is known that this part of speech adds additional emotional and colorful shades to our speech, making it richer and more intense. This analysis begins to be studied in the elementary grades, but over time the scheme becomes more complex, and this allows for a more detailed analysis and analysis.

Instructions for parsing

In order to correctly perform morphological analysis, you need to know its outline and instructions on how to parse an adjective as a part of speech. For example, define a part of speech, and then indicate its morphological features and function in a sentence.

Analysis plan:

Determine and prove which part of speech this specified word belongs to.
Write down the initial form of this word given for parsing.
Indicate the constant morphological features of the given word.
Indicate inconsistent grammatical features.
Syntactic role of a given word.

Any morphological analysis always begins with determining the part of speech of the word being analyzed. If it is an adjective, then it must be indicated. It is worth remembering that this is an independent or significant part of speech, which necessarily denotes some attribute of the subject. Here you can ask a question that will prove that this word being analyzed is an adjective. Such words for analysis answer the following questions: which one? which? which?, and also whose? what? what? what are they?

After determining the part of speech, the parsed word must be put into initial form. For an adjective, the initial form is the given word, which must be written in the masculine gender and singular.

The next step in the analysis is to determine its grammatical features. Typically, analysis begins with constant features, which include ranks by value, and if qualitative, then, accordingly, the degree of comparison.

Places by value which are known to every schoolchild and which can be found in school textbooks:

High quality.
Relative.
Possessive.

Relative indicate the material from which the object is made, the place or time. For example, a straw hat is a hat made of straw, spring rain is rain that falls in the spring, a school site is the site that belongs to the school.

Possessives denote belonging to someone or something. Such words usually answer the question “whose?” For example, a fox's tail is a tail that belonged to a fox, a sister's scarf is a sister's scarf.

Quality give characteristics of the object, describe its appearance and color. For example, a thin pencil, blue ribbon. Qualitative forms two degrees of comparison:

Excellent.
Comparative.

Superlative necessarily has two forms: simple and compound. The first is formed according to the following scheme: an adjective in the initial form + -eysh or -aysh, which are suffixes. For example, excellent - most excellent. The compound form is formed from the name of the adjective in the initial form by adding the words: most, most, least, all, everything. For example, the tallest, above all.

comparative It also has two forms: simple and compound. The simple form is formed by adding to this part of speech, which must be in the initial form, such suffixes as -ey, -ee, -e, -she. For example, angry is angrier. The compound form is formed by adding words such as more or less to the adjective that is in the initial form. For example, kinder, less evil. If the adjective is qualitative, then its form should be determined: short or full. The short form for quality ones is formed by truncating the ending. For example, low is low, low is low, low is low, low is low.

To determine non-constant characteristics, it is worth finding in the text or sentence the noun to which it refers. It is known that an adjective agrees with a noun in several ways, which change. Non-permanent signs are:

Number.
Case.

The syntactic function of the word being parsed is indicated at the last stage. Most often, an adjective is a modifier, but less often it can be part of a compound nominal predicate. For example, a long (definition) table stood in the middle of the room. The girl was beautiful (compound noun predicate).

Example of morphological analysis

I. Short (tail) – adjective. The word “short” denotes a feature of an object. The tail (what?) is short.

N. f. - short.

II. Morphological features of the word “short”.

Constant signs: qualitative, comparative degree, full form.

Inconstant characters: masculine (what), singular (one), nominative case (what? short tail).

III. The tail (what?) is short (definition).

Morphological analysis allows you to improve grammatical word analysis skills. Before starting this type of work, it is necessary to study the grammatical characteristics of this part of speech.

It is always worth remembering that you can only parse adjectives if they are given in a sentence, since it is impossible to correctly analyze the specified word without context.

During morphological analysis, the specified word, which is most often highlighted with the number “3,” is written out from the text without changing it. If it is used with a preposition, then they are written out together, if the preposition also refers to an adjective. If the preposition refers to a noun or another part of speech, then it should not be written out. It will not be difficult to carry out such an analysis by studying the grammatical features of the adjective.

Video

This video contains a sample of oral morphological analysis of an adjective.

Morphology is a section of grammar that studies the word as a part of speech. In the Russian language there are ten parts of speech, which are usually divided into independent, auxiliary and interjections.

Morphological analysis of words is carried out according to a certain scheme in a strict order. In order to parse a word into parts of speech, you need to determine:

general grammatical meaning;
morphological features (or grammatical meanings);
syntactic role.

Analysis of a word as a part of speech is both a capacious and complete description of a separate word form, taking into account the grammatical features of its use. Each part of speech has constant and variable characteristics. When parsing, you need to be able to determine which part of speech a word belongs to, find its initial form, and identify morphological features.

Morphological analysis, an example of which is presented on our website, will help improve analysis skills.

In order to correctly perform morphological analysis of a word, you should remember the sequence and principle of analysis. So, first you should highlight the general features of parts of speech, and then find the specific features of a given word form.

General scheme for parsing parts of speech

The plan for morphological analysis of the word is as follows:

Indicate the part of speech and its meaning, what question the word answers.
Put the word in the initial form: Im.p., singular. - for nouns, noun, singular, m.r. - for adjectives, indefinite form - for verbs (what (to) do?).
Determine constant features: common noun or proper noun, animate or inanimate, gender and declension of nouns; aspect, reflexivity, transitivity and conjugation of the verb; rank by meaning, degree of comparison, full or short form of adjectives.
Characterize the form in which the word is used: for nouns, determine the number and case, for adjectives - the degree of comparison, short or full form, number, case and gender; for verbs - mood, tense, number, gender or person, if any.
The role in the sentence is to show which member the word is in the sentence: secondary or main. Sometimes it is necessary to write out a phrase and show its syntactic role graphically.

Sample morphological analysis of a noun:

There was a jug of milk on the table.

With milk - noun, with what?; subject
The initial form is milk.
Common noun, inanimate, neuter, 2nd declension
In the singular, in the instrumental case
Addition.

Our service uses the most modern morphology analysis technologies and will be useful to those who want to learn how to do morphological analysis correctly.

Basic rules of morphological analysis

It is important to remember that the inconstant characteristics of an adjective are determined by the word to which it obeys. It should also be taken into account that the gender of verbs can only be determined in the past tense of the singular, and the person - in the present and future tense.

To determine the syntactic role, it is necessary to know the context related to the word. Thus, a noun can act as a subject, object or circumstance. An adjective attached to a noun is a modifier, and in short form it can be a predicate. The verb is always predicate. The letter е can change the meaning of the word, and the morphological analysis will be different. For example, glass (noun, plural) and glass (verb, pr.v.).

Morphological analysis of a word online will help not only to correctly analyze the word form, but also to prepare for the Unified State Exam or Unified State Exam in the Russian language.

Initial form (nominative singular masculine).
Constant signs: qualitative, relative or possessive.
Variable features: 1) for qualitative ones: a) degree of comparison, b) short and long form; 2) for all adjectives: a) case, b) number, c) gender (in singular).

Syntactic role.

Here it is used in the nominative case, in the singular, in the feminine gender - these are its unstable features.

what is an independent part of speech in Russian Written analysisHeavenly(azure) - adj.

Azure(which?) heavenly. N.f.- heavenly.
Post. - relative; non-post - in them pad. units h.g. R.
Azure(which?) heavenly .

301 . Sort out 2-3 adjectives in writing.

Quiet evening shadows lie in the blue snow. (A. Blok.)
The frosty breath of the snowstorm is still fresh. (I. Bunin.)

302 . Read it. Determine the style of the text, indicate words that have a figurative meaning. Write down five words that change: 1) by numbers and cases, 2) by numbers, cases and genders. Make a morphological analysis of three adjectives.

morphemic analysis of the word late

January is a month of big, silent snows. They always arrive suddenly. Suddenly at night the trees will whisper and whisper: something is happening in the forest. By morning it will become clear: real winter has come!

a string of morphological analysis

The forest was buried in other tormenting snowdrifts. Under the cold vault of the sky, their heavy yellow heads submissively bowed, mournful white trees froze.

designer morpheme analysis

Along with the snow, strange, unprecedented creatures came and ran into the forest. They roamed over stumps and twigs, climbed onto fir trees and pines - strange white figures, motionless, unfamiliar, but very similar to something.

all over or all over

Either a squirrel or a bunny is sitting on a stump. He folds his white paws onto his white little belly, is silent and looks at the white forest. On a stone by the river(?)ka, white Alyonushka: leaned her head on her shoulder, propped her white cheek(?) with her white palm.

good what part of speech is that

And here is a werewolf animal. Take a step to the side, and the animal will turn into a simple twig(?) covered with snow.

noun number gate

Polar bears and white owls. Hares, partridges, squirrels. They sit, lie and hang. The forest is full of strange birds and animals. If you want to see them, hurry up. Otherwise the wind will blow - remember the name!

see word analysis

303 . Write it off. Above the adjectives, indicate their rank by meaning. Choose synonyms for quality adjectives. Make three sentences with adjectives from any group.

adverbs as part of speech

A hare's trail, a hare's character, a hare's brood; goose feather, goose feeder, goose gait; wolf pack, wolf's appetite, wolf's lair; fox hole, fox fur coat, fox cunning.

twig word analysis

304 . From the second paragraph of A.P. Platonov’s story “In a Beautiful and Furious World” (see “Literature. Grade 6”), write down all the adjectives. Sort out two qualitative and two relative adjectives.

fresh morphemic parsing