Sailing frigate Pallas. Frigate "Pallada" - the first and second coming

In the work of I. Goncharov, a special place is occupied by travel essays “Frigate “Pallada”. They told the reader a lot of new things about the structure of foreign states, both civilized European and colonial ones in Africa, Asia, and the Far East. The description of the way of life of Russian people in Siberia aroused no less interest.

Masterpiece of the Russian Navy

In 1831, on the personal instructions of Nicholas I, the keel of one of the most famous Russian ships of the first half of the 19th century, the Pallada, took place. The frigate was launched a year later and served for more than 20 years.

Over the years, “Pallada” was commanded by N. Nakhimov, P. Moller, I. Unkovsky. Thanks to high technical data and skillful actions of the crew, the ship more than once came to the aid of ships in trouble. It was also used for long trips to the shores of other countries. The ship made its last voyage to Japan - I. Goncharov described it in his essays. In 1855, the Pallada (the frigate suffered two powerful typhoons and was quite worn out) went to rest in Postovaya Bay on the territory of the Imperial (Soviet) harbor in the Khabarovsk Territory.

Trip around the world

The goal of the effort, undertaken in 1852, was to establish trade relations with Japan and conduct an inspection of Alaska, which belonged to Russia. An experienced crew was selected and provisions were prepared for a long time. The group of diplomats was headed by Vice Admiral E. Putyatin, and the secretary was the writer I. Goncharov, who was serving in the foreign trade department at that time. The frigate Pallada sailed past England, Indonesia, South Africa, China, the Philippines and many small islands in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. The entire journey lasted almost 3 years.

The history of writing the book "Frigate "Pallada""

I. Goncharov took the news about the trip positively, noting that it would significantly enrich his life experience. From the first days, he began to write down everything he saw in a travel journal, although later, in the introduction to the essays, he noted that he only wanted to capture the most important moments of the trip in artistic form. To the impressions from overseas countries were added observations of the life of Russian Siberia: Goncharov traveled to St. Petersburg by land from the shores where the Pallada landed. The frigate needed repairs and could not endure further voyage.

Two months after returning to the capital (in April 1855), the first essay about the trip appeared in Otechestvennye zapiski. Then, for three years, Goncharov published in the Marine Collection. The magazine was published in full in 1858 and immediately attracted the attention of the entire reading public. Subsequently, the book - which was not originally planned by the author - "Frigate "Pallada"" was supplemented with two more essays. The first told about the final stage of the journey through Siberia, the second - about the further fate of the ship.

The main advantages of travel records were the abundance and variety of recorded factual material, reports of phenomena that were until then little known to Russian people, and the artistic skill of the writer.

"Frigate "Pallada"": summary of the book

The essays provide detailed descriptions of life in various countries. Moreover, the author’s view is often critical and accompanied by ironic remarks about foreigners, no matter who they are. For example, English civilization, according to Goncharov, destroys all living things. Here everything goes according to plan and there is no soulfulness. This way of life is contrasted with the broad Russian soul. For example, I remember the story about the sailor Sorokin, who decided to grow bread in Siberia. His idea was a success, but he does not stop there and develops new territories, giving the fruits of his labor to the Tungus and the church.

The author’s memoirs, bored on the ship “Pallada” - the frigate the writer often called his home in a foreign land - about the life of a Russian nobleman deserve special attention. This is a leisurely tea party, quiet lying on the sofa, endless holidays. For Goncharov, they could not be compared with the constant bustle of the British.

The blacks and Chinese did not like their smell, partly because they rubbed themselves with special oils. The writer considered the Japanese to be cunning (the older they were, the more stupid faces they made) and slow. He believed that it was absolutely necessary to destroy their system of isolation from the outside world and humanize them. But the advantage of wild peoples was their closeness to nature, which was completely lost by the British. In this regard, the writer’s conclusions about the results of colonization, which he observed almost along the entire route of the “Pallada,” are interesting. According to the writer, the “wild” Chinese, despite their shortcomings, could teach the civilized British and Americans both manners and general attitude towards the gifts of nature.

The book also told (for the first time!) about life, which was facilitated by the writer’s personal acquaintance with some of their representatives. The unshakable way of life itself (despite the inhuman conditions, the best representatives of the nobility tried to maintain the necessary level of spirituality in their huts-salons) aroused the writer’s admiration.

Some interesting points from I. Goncharov’s essays

The book is interesting to the modern reader for its description of what seems absurd today. For example, Goncharov’s habit of greeting the British caused laughter and irony. “First they will try to tear each other’s hands off,” he wrote. How could the writer know that the method of greeting adopted by English men would soon appear in Russia.

Another funny episode concerns the Japanese. The sailor gave one of the local residents an empty bottle. Following this, the Japanese translator asked to take the gift back. And to the words: “Yes, throw it (the bottle) into the sea,” he seriously replied that it was impossible. “We’ll bring it, and you leave it... yourself.” It turned out that this was the way local authorities fought smuggling.

This is how I. Goncharov describes his unusual journey, for whom the frigate “Pallada” became not only a home and a reminder of his homeland for two and a half years, but also allowed him to create a highly artistic work.

The most beautiful Russian sailing ship in the world, Frigate "Pallada", remained safe and sound after the sinking. It’s hard to believe, but it still stands in England today, like Cutty Sark.

The frigate with the world's first round portholes was laid down by Russian navigators at the Okhtinskaya Shipyard in St. Petersburg for a diplomatic mission commissioned by the Russian Tsar. To save this beauty during the Crimean War,
"Pallada" was sent on a diplomatic mission to Japan. We were lucky that the writer Goncharov was sent on this most elegant sailing ship with a diplomatic mission, thanks to whom we still have the memory of this most beautiful ship. Wonderful recordings that have flown around the world are in every home. According to legend, the ancient and outdated Russian Frigate "Pallada" was sunk during the Crimean War in 1855, but judging by the perfectly preserved ships in the photographs, the Frigate "Pallada" sailed safely after the sinking only under other names "before it was laid up in England as a naval museum called "Cutty Sark" - which means "Torn Shirt". Look at this miracle - does it look like an equal shirt? Or does the figure look more like a Russian goddess? Wisdom and just war to Pallas Athena.

Russian frigate "Pallada". 1874 Exactly 40 years have passed since the construction of the ship and it is quite well preserved. Ship 1874 "Pallada". And in 1855, during the Crimean War, they said that Pallas was a complete wreck, so she was sunk in Nikolaevskaya, now Sovetskaya Bay.
Majestic Pallas Athena in a Greek tunic and Russian kokoshnik.

Russian kokoshnik. Great Greco-Russian Eastern Empire

As you all can see, our Sailboat is perfectly preserved after the official sinking in Postovaya Bay opposite Sovetskaya Harborand feels great!

And according to the English legend, all that remained from our Russian Frigate "Pallada" were horns and legs and this board. The main thing is to sign it and everyone will believe it and then they will say - I read it myself!

Allegedly, this is all that remains of the legendary fastest Russian sailing ship Frigate "Pallada" - a piece of the skin of the legendary Frigate "Pallada" was exhibited at the Far Eastern Literary Museum. Why the Literary Museum and not the Naval Museum? Why are the sailors silent? And why was such an exhibit needed at all, deliberately proving the worthlessness of the Russian fleet? Let's figure it out. Photo found here: http://debri-dv.com/article/13239/fregat_pallada_so_dna_sovgavanskoy_buhty_navernoe_uzhe_nikogda_ne_podnimut
Moreover, they are also indignant that it is not even the board itself that has been preserved, but only this photograph of the paneling, and this literary museum itself no longer exists! Just as there is no Central Naval Museum in St. Petersburg in its original place - in the Exchange building. Now there is no museum on Strelka Vasilievsky Island either. And after the eviction, the museum was driven into the barracks of the Life Guards of some regiment, where only what was left was what fit and did not have time to be taken to London during the years of “Perestroika”. "Out of sight, out of mind!"
And the place for our ship Frigate Pallas is near the Exchange building, near the Temple of Poseidon and the Navy Museum too. Well, or at worst in New Holland - in the new Admiralty.

But really, why don’t the Russians now have a single life-size model of the Frigate “Pallada”? Why is there no modern interactive Naval Museum, like in England - after all, our Pallada is located there. In theory, after the fire there should be an absolute new building there if everything burned to the ground. Why then can’t we recreate a worthy monument to the legendary Pallas?

Have you seen how our Russian sailors cried like children over the death of Cutty Sark? They were killed when they learned about the sinking of the ship, as if they were mourning their own child. If only they knew then that this was the Russian "Frigate Pallada"!

For all sailors in the world, Cutty Sark is sacred. Try to say even a word against their Katya - they will kill you! All the boys have been in love with this beauty since childhood and dreamed of touching this shrine with their hand at least once in their lives. Many generally became sailors after the book “Frigate Pallas”, so that they could then go to the Port of Greenwich and see with their own eyes the living legend - the living Cutty Sark. But she burned out!

"Her burnt rigging
Not suitable good for long races"

After reading a report in the newspaper......

Dress like Cutty Saark

Exactly the same goddesses with a wreath on the Columns near the Galler Canal from New Holland or the New Admiralty to the old Admiralty near the Manege building in St. Petersburg.

Now, imagine how our Russian sailors’ souls wept during the Crimean War in 1853, when our ships were sunk. Imagine how the naval officers howled with tears when they were informed that they had forever lost their favorite Frigate "Pallada"

Here is this ship Cutty Sark, which has been idolized by more than one generation of Russians, as if they sensed that this was our Everything... our Frigate "Pallada";-)

During the Crimean War, the British deliberately demoralized the Russians with this shocking news, dumbfounding the entire Russian people, not only the sailors, in one very cunning and very effective way - by informing the Russian sailors that their beloved "Pallas" was no more - the war was automatically lost in their heads and in hearts of Russian people. The Russians surrendered. Can you imagine what happened when they reported that sailing ships were sunk in the bay of Sevastopol so that English ships would not enter the port? I still don’t understand why they had to go there or why they would lock our ships in the harbor? The British and Americans bombed the city very well from the sea. But when Nakhimov found out that the Frigate “Pallada”, which he designed and created from scratch, was licked, was sunk. Nakhimov built the most beautiful sailing ship in the World - he originally built the ship - perfection. Thousands of years of experience in the construction and operation of sailing ships,The future Admiral Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov collected the scientific and technical achievements accumulated by Russian sailors in his most beautiful creation of human thought - the Sailboat of his dreams with the most elegant outlines and characteristics decades ahead of his time. And can you imagine what happened to the king when he found out that his favorite toy, which he had so cherished and cherished and saved in Japan, away from the British, was no longer there! What happened to Nakhimov himself? For all sailors, this was a blow below the belt. And I still don’t understand how it’s possible to sink the most beautiful sailing ships - it’s like drowning your child! English businessmen simply profited from this deal and, under the guise of war, sold all the Russian ships to America. They didn't care what the Russians went through with such a loss. I will never believe that the Russian Sailors, if given their freedom, would not go out into the open sea and give battle and would not win the battle in a fair fight. The fact that the best Russian admirals and naval officers remained buried in Sevastopol is clearly the work of the English crown.

And despite all this, the Russians cried like children when their Kati Saark burned.

Everything was clearly recorded, and everyone can see that it was the Cutty Sark that was on fire.

Katya Burned very thoroughly, and all the English stood and calmly watched.

But return now to the same parking place where the ship "Cutty Sark" is located - it is still intact and unharmed!

Only the witch has a strange tow in her hand and this is no longer the beautiful goddess Athena “Pallada”, instead of a wreath and dress she has changed a little, she has opened her body and the St. Andrew’s flag is not there as in the first photo and in its place is the sun. And in the hand, instead of a tow, it is the spears of Pallas that are enough

And the sun is also our sign, which was on all Russian flags. It was Russia, and not England, that was the country of the never-setting Sun - see the previous ones with maps of Russia in 1513.
On Katya, the figurehead looks more like a Witch. But why is the dress like Pallas Athena’s?

The continuation of the kureryashka is attached neither to the village nor to the city, and the modern font also does not combine with the Khokhloma curls.

Now Cutty Saark has a completely different stern decoration. The real Katya's new food is strikingly different from her previous one.
And Pallas had a second spare Anchor - there is one here.

Completely bad taste and a strange set of patterns with a star, but very similar to the kakarda on Russian caps.

There was a completely different inscription on the photo, which is why the British say that no photographs of Katya survived at all, although the museum was evacuated during renovations and only what was burning was what they wanted to hide from us, to get insurance and cut off the money and cover their tracks.

These are two completely different foods!

But this is exactly the same food that was originally there when they decided to build the Museum.


Frigate "Pallada" with the inscription "Cati Saark". Previously there was the name of the ship "Pallada" Russia

Do you recognize the same knob of the temple as the dome of Isaac or Kazan?
Now the stern has a star, not a Russian curl, and an inscription on the sides.

The real Cutty Sark was fully armed and had square gun ports.

Cutty Sark with square gun ports.


Ferreira rigged as a barquentine, 1922 Cutty Sark Trust. Cutty Sark - Torn Shirt. They brought the poor woman to the point of unrecognizability.


Ferreira, aka Cutty Sark with a witch on her nose. There is a star where the sun is now.

150 years after the sinking, the frigate "Pallada" stands in Greenwich, and in May 2007, when the "Cutty Sark" was burning, Russian sailors cried like children, as if for their ship. The prim English didn't even move. They stood and watched calmly and did nothing.

The English stand calmly and watch as Katya burns and don’t even help put out the fire.

The song “When the Cutty Sark burned down” .... In the comments under the video there are tears and sincere grief of all Russians without exception. Everyone was worried and perceived it as their own misfortune, everyone without exception, not only the sailors.

Lyrics
"When the Cutty Sark burned down"

"Does it look like the world is ending?
And the seagulls return
They say goodbye and go to heaven.
And there is no more sail,
From Bristol to Cadiz,
When the Cutty Sark burned down.

When the Cutty Sark burned down
In the rays of a cold dawn,
And, as if dressed in frost,
She left with light sails.

Opening the newspaper in the morning,
One sailor said to another:
"Come on, buddy, closer to home,
Let's remember our older sister!

Her burnt rigging

Not suitable good for long races"
And the navigator cried like a child,
Having read a report in the newspaper, -

And along the coastal cities
The signal flew faster than a breath, -
Burnt down, the era ended
Great Sailing Ships!

When the Cutty Sark burned down
I had a dream in my cabin:
Houses where strangers sleep
Cold morning Hyde Park,

But, above cranes and bridges,
Piers and deserted bars,
On the verge of reality and nightmares
The silver frame slides -

Somewhere in the distance, beyond the lighthouses,
Leaving a cross in the starry sky,
And ships in the near roadstead
They give long beeps,

And along the coastal cities
The signal flies faster than a breath:
Burnt down, the era ended
Great Sailing Ships.

Looks like the world is ending
And the seagulls return
They say goodbye and go to heaven.
And there is no more sail
From Bristol to Cadiz,
When the Cutty Sark burned down
When the Cutty Sark burned down
Lyrics and Translation of the song into English http://song-pad.ru/?mode=song&id=1054660

During a deliberate fire in 2007, which coincided with the worst crisis, having received insurance, they simply laundered money, but in fact, their real English Cutty Sark was burning, exhausted in Portuguese raids under the name Ferreira with square ports. The English crown understood that Katya could no longer be restored and decided, apparently, to burn it to the ground and put in its place the Frigate "Pallada", a handsome Russian, which the English Crown had been eyeing back in 1853, having organized the Crimean War for the Russians as a pursuit of the "Pallada" . But there was no sailboat in Crimea. The Russians sent him out of harm’s way to Japan, just as they later saved the Russian Baltic Fleet in the same way, sending it in two squadrons in 1863 to America.

Pallas Athena with a spear.

During the Crimean War, the British looked for the Frigate "Pallada" in the North, in the Baltic and in the Solovetsky Monastery and in the oldest shipyards in Arkhangelsk, and on Kola, opposite Murmansk and in Kamchatka, but it was nowhere to be seen. And "Pallada" was hidden in Japan with a diplomatic mission.
“In 1853, the Russian Embassy, ​​headed by Vice Admiral E. Putyatin, arrived in Japan on 4 warships with the Flagship Pallada. He was tasked with negotiating a trade agreement, the text of which, approved by Nicholas I, was Putyatin from the very beginning, the negotiations were especially secret and no one in the fleet was told where our "Pallada" had gone. At that moment, the negotiations, already at the height of the Crimean War, did not lead to the conclusion of an agreement. Only on February 7, 1855, the first Russian-Japanese agreement was signed. A treaty on the establishment of diplomatic relations. The agreement provided for the creation of borders between states, the opening of three ports for Russian ships, as well as the beginning of consular relations and the conclusion of profitable trade deals. The signing of the agreement was a grandiose event, witnessed by the writer Goncharov, the author of the book Frigate "Pallada". "

Goncharov. Goncharov. Author of "Frigate Pallas"

Team "Pallada"
So where did the numerous photographs of the Pallada ship itself go?

Now in the most prominent place, in plain sight, in England, in Greenwich, the Russian Frigate "Pallada" under the name "Cutty Sark" is hidden from Russian eyes - a torn shirt. Apparently the former Pallas is holding a torn shirt in her hand - tow. The spear of Athena "Pallas" was replaced with tow. And all the Russians bow before our miracle, come to prosperous England, which has not seen war for 300 years, and think that the British really invented all the ships, since everything is fine with them and there is such beauty, close to our hearts. And they don’t even realize that they come to Greenwich and spend money to admire their own Russian beauty, not suspecting that they are worshiping their own Russian Frigate “Pallada”. Many, of course, still want to take their hats off to the British, but look at this cruel world without rose-colored glasses.

The English Crown also stole the Russian crown from us. “It’s a fact, Monsieur Duke” - the Russian Crown was stolen and now the Queen of England flaunts our Russian Crown with Russian diamonds at all receptions. There is a lot of material about this on the Internet, but about Russian White-winged swans, Russian sailing ships, now called clippers, without steam, much ahead of their time - there is no and cannot be material, because they were all destroyed.

When Russians take off their hats to an obvious enemy and bow, I want to somehow stop this disgrace. It’s no good that everyone bows down to obvious deceivers and creates pubs in St. Petersburg - the birthplace of Pallas - with English flags overboard, also licked from our St. Andrew’s guy.
Our Russian sailing ship was put on public display in England only after some Englishman read the Russian book “Frigate Pallas” and realized how much Russians love the Sea and decided to glorify the sea at home. And the government supported him. This is the best way to prove your superiority to the Russians by placing their favorite sailing ship in Greenwich.
Now, after the substitution, they assure everyone that they don’t even have photographs of the real Katya, except for one. How is this not left?
They signed it themselves... Now, apparently, they are renouncing Katya, because there is another ship.

Cutty Saarc had square portholes and was fully armed. Portuguese worker Ferreira.

A clearer photograph of the Cutty Sark. This was Katya, and there was Pallas.

After the Frigate "Pallada" delivered Russian gold to London in full sail, overtaking other sailing ships, 30 years ahead of its time, the English Crown even then took an eye on it. The Crimean War began, which closed the Russians' access to the Sea for 20 years. So that the Russians could not sail to America on such fast ships, they said that the fleet was destroyed. But already in 1863, the Russians, saving their squadrons from another threat, took their fleet - two expeditions of Lisyansky and Popov further away, to America. So that the Russian ships remaining in the Baltic would not suffer the fate of Sevastopol and Crimea, when the British created the next Intermarium, our Fleet weighed anchor and went to America, carrying Russian gold on board to save the Freedom of America..... But this is a completely different Story

To be continued.

The frigate "Pallada" is perhaps one of the most famous sailing ships of the Russian fleet. It owes its popularity, firstly, to the remarkable work of the same name by the writer I. A. Goncharov, and secondly, to the fact that for almost a hundred years there has been talk about raising the frigate from the bottom of the sea. Much has been written about the famous ship; they still write about it today (see, for example, “Around the World” No. 3, 1966).

This 52-gun frigate (length 52.7 m; width 13.3 m) was built in St. Petersburg at the Okhtinskaya shipyard by the then famous shipbuilder - Englishman Colonel of the Corps of Naval Engineers V. F. Stoke, who was in Russian service. The best types of wood were used in the construction of the hull, and the underwater part was carefully lined with copper sheets. All work on equipment and weapons was carried out under the direct supervision of the ship’s commander - 30-year-old captain-lieutenant (future famous admiral) P. S. Nakhimov, “The Emperor wants the frigate Pallada to be finished with special care,” such an order was given by the Shipbuilding Committee to the builders, and the key to the special attention paid to this ship by contemporaries was clear: there were rumors that the admiral general himself was to command the frigate...

As it was, “on September 1, 1832, in the afternoon at 1 o’clock, the frigate was launched safely from the slipway,” and Nakhimov was declared “the highest favor” for his successful work. According to experts, it was the “most beautiful” ship at that time.

For almost 20 years, the frigate "Pallada" served as part of the Baltic Fleet, and on October 7, 1852, it set out on a long voyage around the Cape of Good Hope to Japan with an important diplomatic mission led by E.V. Putyatin (Goncharov was his secretary) .

The commander of the ship was one of the best Russian sailors, the son of the famous circumnavigator, captain 2nd rank (later admiral and senator) I. S. Unkovsky. It is appropriate to recall that Ivan Semenovich was also a passionate yachtsman. So, in 1848, on the yacht Oreanda, in three months he sailed around Europe from Nikolaev to Kronstadt, where he took part in races, took the first prize, and then returned to the Black Sea in difficult stormy conditions.

The senior officer was Lieutenant I. I. Butakov, who later became the last commander of the Pallada (later vice admiral); among the officers were future famous sailors - I. P. Belavenets (an active participant in the defense of Sevastopol, a prominent scientist, specialist in navigation issues), A. A. Peschurov. P. A. Tikhmenev, N. Savich, the most experienced navigators A. A. Khalezov (who circumnavigated the globe three times during his life under sail) and V. Popov (later a general). The embassy included Lieutenant-Commander K.N. Posyet, an outstanding sailor, later admiral, statesman, honorary member of the Academy of Sciences.

The team's training was high. It is not surprising that the already old frigate again demonstrated excellent seaworthiness. Here are just a few facts.

After leaving England in January 1853, the Pallada took in tow the iron screw schooner Vostok with a displacement of 210 tons. In a calm wind with the schooner in tow, the frigate had from 4½ to 6 knots. When the wind intensified, going close-hauled, the frigate continued towing at a speed of up to 8 knots at times. Strong seas forced the tug to be given up, and the Pallada set off at the second knot.

This is what K. N. Posyet wrote in one of his letters:

“Having moved 12 miles from the Cape (of Good Hope - O.K.), we met a fierce storm from the island, which withstood us for 19 hours under only trysails. The excitement was in the mountains, the frigate lay down on one side or the other and, despite the widespread caulking in Simonsbay, all decks began to leak and showed movement in the underwater parts of the hull. The storm gave way to a smooth north-west trade wind, and we were so happy that fair winds accompanied us to the Sunda Strait: so that we covered the distance of 5,700 miles in 32 days. As far as is known, this transition has not yet been accomplished by any sailing ship..."

We rushed seventeen miles an hour, sometimes even twenty an hour, and got so spoiled that as soon as we walked ten or twelve, we were already grumbling.”

During the passage from Hong Kong to the Bonin Islands, the frigate suffered a severe storm, which caused serious damage, but this did not prevent it from remaining a good sailor. He completed the next 850-mile stage (to Nagasaki) with a moderate southeast wind in less than five and a half days, again towing the same Vostok.

The approaching events of the Crimean War interrupted the peaceful activities of Russian sailors - an inventory of the shores of the Sea of ​​Japan was made from the Pallada (in memory of this, a roadstead and a bay in the north-east of Korea were named after Pallada and Unkovsky). Damaged by storms, the old frigate could not withstand the superior enemy forces that appeared here and took refuge in the harbor of Hadji (Imperial - now Sovetskaya Gavan). An attempt to tow the frigate to Nikolaevsk-on-Amur was unsuccessful and it was brought back. Disarmed, almost without a team, he stood for about a year and a half. Then, already in winter, an order came from St. Petersburg: to scuttle the frigate so that it would not fall to the enemy. And this at a time when the harbor was covered with ice and the enemy squadron still could not enter it!

Rear Admiral G.I. Nevelskoy tried in vain to get the order cancelled. Such was the strength of the bureaucratic machine that the Kamchatka military governor himself - Honored Admiral, participant in Navarin V. S. Zavoiko did not risk delaying its implementation. At the beginning of 1856, Lieutenant G.D. Razgradsky, the navigator of the Amur expedition, reached Hadji harbor on dogs and sank an abandoned and disarmed frigate...

The ship was examined by divers in 1888, 1914 and 1936. The latest survey has sparked widespread discussion about the possibility of its rise. It was even decided to rise, but the war began. The last time the Pallada was examined was in 1962 by members of the Soyuzmorniiproekt underwater research group. V. Azhazha and A. Rogov shared their impressions in print. Even after 108 years of being at the bottom, the hull seemed “monumental and solid,” but at the same time, the general conclusion was not encouraging: “We are sadly convinced that raising the ship is no longer possible, time has finished it off,” writes A. Rogov. However, recent facts show that in a number of cases it was possible to raise ships that sank not only 100 years ago, but also in the Middle and even ancient centuries, and with great destruction. So, in Sweden, for example, the ship “Vaza”, which sank in 1628, was successfully raised. It is necessary, in my opinion, to involve specialists for a new comprehensive inspection on site and to find ways to save the remains of the “Pallas” - a precious relic from the heyday of the sailing fleet.

Construction

The frigate was built under the leadership of the famous shipbuilder of the 19th century, Colonel of the Corps of Naval Engineers V.F. Stokke. The first captain of the frigate was Lieutenant Commander P. S. Nakhimov (from 1831 to 1834).

The frigate was built according to the personal instructions of Emperor Nicholas I, made in September 1831 to Colonel V.F. Stokke. The “Imperial Order” indicated that the frigate should be built according to the Seppings system with the hull fastened with diagonal readers and braces and using iron ties to fasten the frigate’s hull. Particular attention was given to the construction of a frigate according to the drawings of the English frigate "President", which was an exact copy of the American frigate "President", which was taken by the English fleet as a trophy and which was then one of the best ships for ocean voyages and raiding. The drawings were obtained in England by the staff captain of the Corps of Naval Engineers I.A. Amosov, but Stokke decided to redesign the frigate to use a round (stronger and lighter) stern and thereby risked violating the imperial instructions.

The frigate received many new shipbuilding innovations of those years, such as the use of chains instead of anchor ropes, the installation of cast iron anchor fairleads, and the use of square tanks made of tinned metal instead of barrels for storing drinking water. In addition, as studies of documents from funds No. 165 and No. 421 in the RGAVMF showed, the fleet command considered the Pallada as an experimental artillery platform for the development of optimal artillery weapons for an ocean-going frigate. Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich, who commanded the frigate since 1847, did especially a lot in this direction.

Story

The frigate "Pallada" entered service in the summer of 1833. One of the best officers of the fleet, 30-year-old captain-lieutenant P.S. Nakhimov, was appointed commander of the ship. Every year, the Pallada entered the campaign and made practical voyages mostly in the Gulf of Finland, only occasionally going beyond its borders. In 1834, Nakhimov was transferred to the Black Sea Fleet as commander of the battleship Silistria, and Lieutenant Commander P. A. Moller was appointed commander of the Pallada. In the same year, at the head of a detachment of ships, the frigate was accompanied by the steamer Izhora, which delivered the Prince and Princess of Prussia from Memel to Peterhof, and then to Swinemünde, from where he went to Copenhagen with documents for the Russian envoy in Denmark, then returned to Kronstadt. The following year, 1835, the frigate went to England on a special mission: to deliver gold bullion from the Mint to London. In 1846, the Pallada was sent for a major overhaul (timbering), during which the surface and underwater parts of the hull were updated. The frigate was also re-equipped with new artillery, serving the entire fleet to practice all-fleet rearmament. In 1847, as part of the squadron, he sailed into the North Sea and the English Channel, calling at Portsmouth and Copenhagen. In August 1848, the Pallada was transferred from the 4th naval crew to the Guards naval crew. It should be noted that in the campaign of 1847 and 1848, during the voyages, the duties of the commander of the frigate were performed by the EIV Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich, admiral general and future head of the Russian fleet. In 1849-1850 The Pallada made a long voyage to the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, calling at the island of Madeira and Lisbon (Portugal), covering a total of 13,438 miles. During the campaign of 1851, under the flag of the EIV of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich, the frigate was on a practical voyage in the Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Sea. In May-June 1837, the frigate delivered a cargo of gold from the Mint to England. During timbering, that is, a major overhaul with replacement of the ship's hull, the frigate was rearmed with new artillery, serving as an example for the entire fleet to practice rearmament.

In the late 40s of the 19th century, a Russian diplomatic mission led by Vice Admiral E.V. Putyatin was sent to Japan to conclude a “trade treaty”. The frigate “Pallada” was chosen as the vessel under the leadership of adjutant I. S. Unkovsky. The frigate left Kronstadt on October 7, 1852, manned by a crew of 426 sailors and officers. The voyage began unsuccessfully; leaving Kronstadt and heading for Portsmouth, the Pallada fell into thick fog in the Sound and ran aground near the Danish coast. Repairs were required, which took more than a month. In Portsmouth, the sailing and screw schooner Vostok (former English merchant schooner Fearless), which Putyatin acquired in Bristol, joins the expedition. The Vostok was planned to be used as a messenger ship and for hydrographic surveys. Lieutenant-Commander V.A. Rimsky-Korsakov was appointed commander of the schooner, and with him 5 officers and about 30 lower ranks were transferred to the Vostok. Already at the beginning of November, the Pallada was ready to go out into the ocean. But she managed to enter the Atlantic only 2 months later, in January 1853. The reason for the delay was strong headwinds from the west, which often turned into a storm. Time was lost, and Putyatin decides to change the route, fearing stormy weather and drifting ice when crossing into the Pacific Ocean through Cape Horn. The commander of the Pallada, Unkovsky, decides to go to Japan along a new route, through the Indian Ocean around the Cape of Good Hope. The Atlantic met the expedition with bad weather. On the third day of the journey, a large wave arose, and the overloaded “Pallada”, rolling from side to side, buried itself in the water up to the bed nets. But within a day the weather improved and a steady moderate wind accompanied the frigate all the way to the Cape of Good Hope. During the passage across the Atlantic, the Pallada covered an average of 185 miles per day, sometimes reaching a speed of 12 knots. After a 78-day crossing of the Atlantic, on March 24, 1853, the Pallada entered Simonstown Bay at the foot of Table Mountain (the southern tip of Africa). Here the expedition spent a whole month, carrying out work in preparation for a long journey across the Indian Ocean. The hull of the Pallada leaked and had to be caulked again, both inside and out. On April 12, the Pallada left the bay. 120 miles east of Cape Agulhas, the frigate encountered another severe storm. Due to the strong pitching and blows of the waves, several beams moved out of place, and a leak opened in the grooves under the channels. Putyatin decides that it is necessary to replace the Pallada and sends a dispatch to St. Petersburg with a request to send the Diana, a new frigate launched in Arkhangelsk in May 1852, to replace it. Despite severe storms, the Pallada traveled 5,800 miles from the Cape of Good Hope to the Sunda Strait in 32 days. Subsequently, in his report, Putyatin wrote:

“... fully justified the frigate’s well-deserved reputation as an excellent sailor, for, as far as is known, this transition was not accomplished faster by any sailing ship. »

On June 12, "Pallada" arrived in Hong Kong. The ships' further course was to Japan. On the way to the Bonin Islands in the Philippine Trench on July 9, the frigate was caught in a ferocious typhoon. The pitching range reached 45 degrees; once the ship tilted so much that the bow and main yard went into the water for a moment. The battle with the elements continued for more than 30 hours. “What energy, ingenuity and presence of mind many showed here!” - I. A. Goncharov wrote with admiration about the team’s behavior during the typhoon. On July 26, the Pallada entered the port of Lloyd (Futami) on the island of Peel (Chichijima). The entire passage from England to the Island of Peel, through storms and typhoons, demonstrated the frigate's exceptional seaworthiness. After repairing the damage, Putyatin’s detachment left Port Lloyd on August 4 and 6 days later dropped anchor in the middle harbor of Nagasaki. Although the Japanese authorities received the Russians kindly, they adhered to delaying tactics in the negotiations. Unable to speed up the negotiations, Putyatin interrupted them and at the end of January 1854 withdrew his ships to Manila. After a short stop, the Pallada set off for a hydrographic description of the almost unexplored eastern coast of Korea. Then, under the leadership of K.N. Posyet, Russian sailors discovered the bays of Posyet and Olga, the bays of Unkovsky and Lazarev, the islands of Khalizov and Goncharov and the Pallada roadstead. .

"Pallada"- Russian linear frigate of the Baltic Fleet. The sailing ship was built in St. Petersburg at the Okhta Admiralty in 1831-1832. Built "Pallas" according to the drawings of the English frigate "The president", which were obtained in England by staff captain of the Corps of Naval Engineers I. A. Amosov.

Colonel supervised the construction of the frigate V.F. Stokke. By order of Emperor Nicholas I, the new ship was supposed to exactly correspond to the English frigate, but Stokke deviated from this order, supplying "Pallas" round stern, stronger and lighter than the stern "President". The frigate was 52.73 meters long, 13.6 meters wide, and was armed with 52 guns.

First captain "Pallas" Lieutenant Commander was appointed Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov, one of the most outstanding Russian naval commanders.

Summer of 1837 "Pallada" sailed to England, carrying gold from the Mint.

In 1846, the frigate was overhauled and re-equipped, and from 1847 "Pallas" It was commanded by the Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich himself, who used the frigate as an experimental platform for placing naval guns.

In 1852, the frigate "Pallada" went on a diplomatic mission to the shores of Japan. Was the captain of the ship then I.S. Unkovsky, the diplomatic mission was headed by Vice Admiral E.V. Putyatin, whose secretary was the famous writer Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov, who later wrote a book "Frigate Pallas" narrating about this journey.

Since 1639, Japan has been a country closed to foreigners. Any foreigner who came ashore in Japan was immediately subject to the death penalty. The only port where Chinese and Dutch ships (the two countries for which relief was made) could enter was the port of Nagasaki. Both European countries and the United States have repeatedly tried to establish trade ties with Japan. It is for this purpose that the frigate "Pallada" and was sent to the Japanese shores.