Day of the Russian Baltic Fleet. Day of the Baltic Fleet of Russia The Russian Empire is a maritime power



Plan:

    Introduction
  • 1 History
    • 1.1 Russian Empire
    • 1.2 First World War and Revolution
    • 1.3 Civil war
    • 1.4 Great Patriotic War
    • 1.5 Cold War
    • 1.6 Modern times
  • 2 Fleet tasks
  • 3 Home system
    • 3.1 Dislocation
  • 4 Fleet structure
  • 5 Payroll (as of 2011)
  • 6 Commanders of the Baltic Fleet of the USSR and Russia
    • Notes
    Literature

Introduction

Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet- operational-strategic association of the Navy of the Russian Federation in the Baltic Sea.


1. History

1.1. Russian Empire

Created under Peter I at the beginning of the 18th century (1703), it received its baptism of fire during the Northern War of 1700-1721 (victories at Gangut, Ezel, Grengam, etc.). The date of birth of the Baltic Fleet, by the Order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy dated December 19, 1995, was declared May 18 in honor of the first victory of Russian troops in the Baltic, under the command of Peter I over two small Swedish ships. Since 1996, this day has been celebrated annually as Baltic Fleet Day.

Initially, the main base of the fleet was St. Petersburg. From the 1720s until 1946, Kronstadt (later Baltiysk) became the main base point.


1.2. First World War and Revolution

From 1918 to 1935, the Baltic Fleet was called the Naval Forces of the Baltic Sea. By 1921, the Baltic Fleet ceased to exist as a combat-ready formation.

1.3. Civil war

1.4. Great Patriotic War

During the Great Patriotic War, the Baltic Fleet defended the Moonsund Islands, Tallinn and the Hanko Peninsula, carried out the Tallinn transition, participated in the heroic defense of Leningrad (1941-1943), supported the offensive of ground forces in the Baltic states - the Baltic operation (1944), East Prussia, and East Pomerania ( 1944-1945).

The fleet was awarded two Orders of the Red Banner (1928, 1965).


1.5. Cold War

In 1946, the Red Banner Baltic Fleet was divided into the North Baltic Fleet (SBF) and the South Baltic Fleet (SBF). In 1947, the fleets were renamed, respectively, the 8th and 4th naval fleets. They existed in this form until 1955.

At the beginning of 1991, the Baltic Fleet of the USSR Navy was the largest fleet in the Baltic Sea region and consisted of 232 warships, including 32 diesel submarines, 328 combat aircraft and 70 helicopters, 16 launchers of coastal missile units, coastal defense units and marine corps , formations and units of operational, logistical and technical support. The main bases of the fleet were: Baltiysk (Kaliningrad region), Swinoujscie (Poland), Ust-Dvinsk and Liepaja (Latvia), Tallinn and Paldiski (Estonia). The fleet also had several maneuverable bases on the territory of the RSFSR, the GDR, the Estonian, Lithuanian and Latvian Soviet Socialist Republics. The Baltic Fleet aviation had ten main airfields, where the 240th and 170th naval assault air regiments and the 145th separate anti-submarine aviation squadron were based, as well as 13 reserve airfields intended for distribution of forces and maneuver. The ship repair of ships of the Baltic Fleet was carried out by four ship repair plants: 7th Shipyard (Tallinn), 29th Shipyard (Liepaja), 33rd Shipyard (Baltiysk) and 177th Shipyard (Ust-Dvinsk).


1.6. Modernity

To this day, the Baltic Fleet is the main training base for the Russian Navy. Together with the Northern Fleet, the 1st Air Force and Air Defense Command, the Moscow and Leningrad Military Districts, it is part of the West Command. Based on the 12th Surface Combat Division, the creation of an Operational Command in the North Atlantic is expected.


2. Missions of the fleet

  • Ensuring Russia's interests in the Baltic Sea region
  • Protection of the economic zone and areas of production activity, suppression of illegal production activities
  • Ensuring the safety of navigation
  • Joint actions with other formations of the Russian Navy in areas of the World Ocean beyond the responsibility of the fleet, primarily with the forces of the CSF of the Russian Navy in the North Atlantic.
  • Carrying out foreign policy actions in geopolitically important areas of the World Ocean

3. Based system

3.1. Dislocation

  • Headquarters Kaliningrad.
  • Naval Base Baltiysk.
  • Leningrad naval base.
    • Saint Petersburg.
    • Kronstadt.
    • Lomonosov.

4. Fleet structure

12th division of surface ships (Baltiysk, Kaliningrad region)
  • 128th Surface Combat Brigade
  • 71st Landing Ship Brigade
36th Missile Boat Brigade
  • 1st Guards Missile Boat Division
  • 106th Division of Small Missile Ships
64th brigade of water area security ships (Baltiysk, Kaliningrad region)
  • 264th Anti-Submarine Ship Division
  • 323rd minesweeper battalion
123rd submarine brigade (Kronstadt) 105th brigade of water area security ships (Kronstadt)
  • 109th Division of Small Anti-Submarine Ships
  • 22nd minesweeper division

336th Separate Guards Marine Brigade (Baltiysk, Kaliningrad Region)

79th Separate Guards Motorized Rifle Brigade (Gusev, Kaliningrad Region)

152nd Guards Missile Brigade (Chernyakhovsk, Kaliningrad region)

244th Artillery Brigade (Kaliningrad)

25th Coastal Missile Brigade (Donskoye village, Kaliningrad region)

7th separate motorized rifle regiment (Kaliningrad)

22nd Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Kaliningrad)

218th separate electronic warfare regiment (Yantarny village, Kaliningrad region)

302nd Electronic Warfare Regiment (Gvardeysk, Kaliningrad Region)

9th Fleet Crew (Kaliningrad)

17th Fleet Crew (Lomonosov, Leningrad Region)

127th separate naval engineering battalion (Primorsk, Kaliningrad region)

522nd communication center (Kaliningrad)


5. Payroll (as of 2011)

Type Board number Name As part of the fleet State Notes
Destroyers - 2
Project 956 destroyers "Sarych" 610 "Persistent"

(Leningrad) in 1989

Launched in 1991

Entered into service on December 30, 1992.

 In service.

The flagship of the Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet.

 Ex. "Moskovsky Komsomolets"
620 "Restless" Laid down at the Shipyard named after A. A. Zhdanov

(Leningrad) in 1988

Launched in 1990

Entered into service on December 30, 1991.

 Category 1 reserve.
Frigates - 3
Project 11540 "Yastreb" patrol ships 712 "Intrepid" Laid down at the Yantar Shipyard

(Kaliningrad) 03/25/1987

Launched on May 25, 1988.

Entered service on December 28, 1990.

 In service. The first domestic ship built with elements of stealth technology
727 "Yaroslav the Wise" Laid down at the Yantar Shipyard

(Kaliningrad) 05/27/1988

Launched...06.1990

Entered into service on July 19, 2009.

 In service. Due to the systemic crisis in which the country was in the 1990s, the construction of the ship was frozen and the completed hull was mothballed.

Completion began in the mid-2000s and was carried out taking into account the modernization of equipment and weapons.

Unlike the Neustrashimy, it regularly carries the Uran anti-ship missile system.

Ex. "Unapproachable"
Project 1135 patrol ships (1135-M, 1135.2) “Burevestnik” 702 "Ardent" Laid down at the Yantar Shipyard

(Kaliningrad) 05/06/1977

Launched on August 20, 1978.

Entered service on December 28, 1978.

 In service. In the early 1990s, it underwent modernization under Project 1135.2 with the installation of the Fregat radar and the replacement of RBU-6000 bomb launchers with a frame for quadruple packages of the Uran anti-ship missile system.
Corvettes (MRK,MPK,BRK) - 20
Project 20380 patrol ships "Steregushchy"

may be classified as corvettes in some official sources

 530 "Guardian" Laid down at the Severnaya Verf Shipyard

(St. Petersburg) December 21, 2001

Launched on May 16, 2006.

Entered into service on November 14, 2007.

 In service. Officially part of the Northern Fleet, but based in the Baltic.
Small rocket ships of project 1234.1

According to NATO classification - "Nanuchka III"

 560 "Swell" Laid down at the Primorsky Shipyard (Leningrad) on August 26, 1986.

Launched on February 28, 1989.

Entered service on September 26, 1989.

 In service.
555 "Geyser" Laid down at the Primorsky Shipyard (Leningrad) on December 21, 1987.

Launched on August 28, 1989.

Entered service on December 27, 1989.

 In service.
570 "Passat" Laid down at the Primorsky Shipyard (Leningrad) on May 27, 1988.

Launched 06/13/1990

Entered into service on December 6, 1990.

 In service.
551 "Shower" Laid down at the Primorsky Shipyard (Leningrad) on September 28, 1988.

Launched 05/08/1991

Entered service on October 25, 1991.

 In service.
Small anti-submarine ships of Project 1331-M

According to NATO classification - “Parchim”

 304 "Urengoy" Laid down on the slipway of the Peneverft shipyard in Wolgast (GDR) by order of the USSR

Entered service in 1986.

 In service. Ex. "MPK-192"
308 "Zelenodolsk" " - «

Entered service 1987

 In 2009, a planned renovation took place. Ex. "MPK-99"
311 "Kazanets" " - «

Entered service in 1987.

 In service. Ex. "MPK-205"
245 "MPK-105" » - «

Entered service in 1988.

 In service.
218 "Alexin" » - «

Entered service in 1989.

 In service.(?) Ex. "MPK-224"
243 "MPK-227" » - «

Entered service in 1989.

 In service.
232 "Kalmykia" » - "

Entered into service in 1990.

 In service. Ex. "MPK-229"
Missile boats - 7
Project 1241 missile boats 870 R-2 Project 12411M. In the fleet since 1999. In service.
819 R-47 In the fleet since 1987. In service.
852 R-129 In the fleet since 1985. In service.
855 R-187 In the fleet since 1989. In service.
833 R-257 In the fleet since 1986. In service.
825 R-291 "Dimitrovgrad" In the fleet since 1991. In service.
874 R-293 "Morshansk" In the fleet since 1992. In service.
  • 123rd Submarine Brigade (Kronstadt).
    • B-227 is a diesel submarine of Project 877. In the fleet since 1983.
    • B-806 is a Project 877EKM diesel submarine. In the fleet since 1986.
    • B-585 "St. Petersburg" is a diesel submarine of Project 677. In the fleet since 2010.
  • 71st Brigade of Landing Ships (Baltiysk).
    • BDK-43 "Minsk" is a large landing ship of Project 775. Board number 127, in the fleet since 1983.
    • BDK-58 "Kaliningrad" is a large landing ship of Project 775. Board number 102, in the fleet since 1984.
    • BDK-61 "Korolev" is a large landing ship of Project 775M. Board number 130, in the fleet since 1992.
    • BDK-100 "Alexander Shabalin" is a large landing ship of Project 775. Board number 110, in the fleet since 1986. Under repair, Shipyard "Yantar".
    • MDK-50 "Evgeniy Kocheshkov" is a small landing hovercraft of Project 12322. Board number 770, in the fleet since 1990. Reserve category II.
    • MDK-94 "Mordovia" is a small landing hovercraft of Project 12322. Board number 782, in the fleet since 1991. PG-2.
    • D-67 - landing craft of project 11770. Board number 747, in the fleet since 1994.
    • D-465 - landing craft of Project 1176. Hull number 746, in the fleet since 1986.
    • D-325 - landing craft of Project 1176. Hull number 799, in the fleet since 1996.

6. Commanders of the Baltic Fleet of the USSR and Russia

  • 1935-1937 - L. M. Galler - fleet flagship of the 2nd rank,
  • 1937 - A.K. Sivkov - 1st rank flagship,
  • 1937-1938 - I. S. Isakov - 1st rank flagship,
  • 1938-1939 - G. I. Levchenko - flagship of the 2nd rank,
  • 1939-1946 - V.F. Tributs - admiral.

1946 - division of the Baltic Fleet into the 4th and 8th Navy.

  • 1946-1947 - G. I. Levchenko - admiral ( 4th Navy),
  • 1946-1947 - V.F. Tributs - admiral ( 8th Navy),
  • 1947-1952 - V. A. Andreev - vice admiral (until 1951), admiral ( 4th Navy),
  • 1947-1950 - F.V. Zozulya - vice admiral ( 8th Navy),
  • 1950-1954 - N. M. Kharlamov - admiral ( 8th Navy),
  • 1952-1955 - A. G. Golovko - admiral ( 4th Navy),
  • 1954-1955 - V. A. Kasatonov - admiral ( 8th Navy).

1955 - unification of the 4th and 8th Navy into a single Baltic Fleet.

  • 1955-1956 - A. G. Golovko - admiral,
  • 1956-1959 - N. M. Kharlamov - admiral,
  • 1959-1967 - A. E. Orel - vice admiral (until 1964), admiral,
  • 1967-1975 - V.V. Mikhailin - vice admiral (until 1969), admiral,
  • 1975-1978 - A. M. Kosov - vice admiral,
  • 1978-1981 - V.V. Sidorov - vice admiral (until 1979), admiral,
  • 1981-1985 - I. M. Kapitanets - vice admiral (until 1982), admiral,
  • 1985 - K.V. Makarov - admiral,
  • 1985-1991 - V. P. Ivanov - admiral,
  • 1991-2000 - V. G. Egorov - admiral,
  • 2000-2006 - V. P. Valuev - admiral,
  • 2006-2007 - K. S. Sidenko - vice admiral,
  • 2007-2009 - V. N. Mardusin - vice admiral.
  • since 2009 - V.V. Chirkov - vice admiral.

Notes

  1. Makareev M.V. The Baltic Fleet in the biographies of commanders 1696-2004. - ECOSI-Hydrophysics, Sevastopol. - 420 s.
  2. Egorov V. G., Sopin Yu. G. Redeployment of the forces of the Baltic Fleet during its reform (1991-1994) // Typhoon: military-technical almanac. - 2002. - V. 44. - No. 4. - P. 27.
  3. Boltenkov D. E. Reform of the Navy of the Russian Federation // New Army of Russia / Ed. M. S. Barabanova. - M.: Center for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies, 2010. - P. 90. - ISBN 978-5-9902620-1-0
  4. The new commander of the Baltic Fleet, Viktor Chirkov, took office - www.rian.ru/defense_safety/20090912/184735993.html RIA Novosti 09/12/2009

Literature

  • Count G.K. Imperial Baltic Fleet between two wars. 1906-1914. - St. Petersburg: “BLITZ”, 2006 - militera.lib.ru/memo/russian/graf_gk2/index.html
download
This abstract is based on an article from Russian Wikipedia. , Baltic Fleet.
Text is available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license.
When I was in the mood I wanted to show these photographs. Shooting - end of July 2012, the city of Baltiysk, Kaliningrad region, where I went to photograph the parade on the occasion of Navy Day (photo report from the parade is available). But any trips to any naval base on the eve of Fleet Day are valuable because it is possible to film not only the parade itself and the rehearsals preceding it, but also all the “movement” that accompanies this - ships going to sea, returning, formation of ships from different angles and under different lighting, and just walk around the bays with a camera. Actually, this is the result of such filming.


2. The fortress canal is a permanent base for all kinds of small minesweepers. In the photo - raid minesweepers of project 10750, the one in front (onboard 239) is RT-252. Both were fully involved in the parade and all rehearsals.

3. Even smaller ones - raid minesweepers pr. 12592.

4. Inner harbor of Baltiysk, about eight in the morning. Another Baltic OVR in all its glory. Small anti-submarine ship "Kalmykia" pr. 1331M.

5. Submarine "Magnitogorsk" pr. 877. Not local, from the north, ended up in Baltiysk for some need. By chance we managed to catch her at the exit from the Military Harbor. She went to sea for a couple of days on her own business. Then she returned and obediently stood in the parade formation.

6. A very meditative activity - sunbathing on the pier from the opposite bank of the canal, from the Baltic Spit - sometimes brought results. This is the "Alexander Pushkin" kill-lector returning to the base.

7. The first two ships put into parade formation were the corvette Steregushchy (left) and the large landing ship Korolev (right).

8. MRK "Liven" pr. 12341. It passed, and over the loud broadcast from the bridge the commander's voice was heard - that the ship was going to St. Petersburg in order to participate in the celebration of Fleet Day there. True, a couple of days before this there was information that the ships had already left for the parade from Baltiysk to St. Petersburg, including the MRK and another, the Geyser. The solution will be a little lower :)

9. Hydrography. Hydrographic vessel "Hygrometer" pr. 860.

10. The hard-working tugboat, “Bodriy,” saw him very often. I went out to sea towards another boat, which would be a little further away :) And in the background...

11. This is the couple. At the rate that they were slowly and sadly returning to Baltiysk, I already thought that I wouldn’t take them off - it would get dark. But no, they managed to get drawn into the Baltic Canal until it got completely dark. And I was lucky with the sky.

12. However, the Geyser MRK did not reach St. Petersburg, it was the Liven that headed there instead. And so a little military secret was revealed :)

13. We return again to the formation of ships. BDK "Korolev".

14. Basic minesweeper BT-212 pr. 1265.

15. Beauty and pride, Steregushchy stealth corvette. In the glamorous pink rays of the sunset.

16. BDK "Kaliningrad" at the exit to the sea.

17. Another unexpected gift. During my entire stay in Baltiysk, I saw him several times far out to sea, near the horizon, but I was lucky, and at that moment, when I was once again sunbathing on the pier, he decided to return.
Patrol ship pr. 11356, which is being built on the Yantar in Kaliningrad. St. Andrew's flag is only for a while - the ship undergoes sea trials, and after that it is exported to the Indians. This is the second hull of the second trio of ships of this project, the Tarkash, ordered by the Indians.

18. Missile boat "Zarechny" pr. 12411.

19. Same, a couple of hours later. And completely different lighting.

20. The long-suffering “Geyser”, having not reached St. Petersburg, eventually joined the ships in Baltiysk.

21. “Guardian” again, in the beautiful sun.

22. The “small” part of the ship formation, its beginning. Minesweeper, border guard, missile boat, MRK.

23. And once again “Guardian”. A day or two before the parade, the illumination was already turned on in full force, on the occasion of which I went out for a walk along the embankment with a tripod. The most vivid impression was that during this filming I was simply completely eaten by mosquitoes:((((

24. And one more night shot, with a missile boat.

25. Early, early, early in the morning, about six o’clock. An unscheduled parade rehearsal, and the ships participating in it emerge from the Baltic Canal into the sea. And I sit and photograph the whole thing. MPK-227 was the first to pass.

26. "Alrosa". I have special feelings for this boat; seeing it here in Baltiysk was unexpected and pleasant. And she herself is from Sevastopol, at the moment she is the only operating submarine of the Black Sea Fleet.

27. Minesweepers in the sun, the most beautiful thing. "Sergei Kolbasyev"...

Operational-strategic association of the Russian Navy in the Baltic Sea. Subordinate to the Western Military District. Crossed out text indicates ships/boats undergoing repairs.

128th Brigade of Surface Ships (Baltic Naval Base, Baltiysk):

"Restless" destroyer of Project 956A. Board number 620.
“Persistent” destroyer of Project 956A. Board number 610.
Neustrashimy is a Project 11540 patrol ship. Board number 712.
"Steregushchy" is a multi-purpose patrol ship of the near sea zone (corvette), project 20380 ship. Hull number 530.
“Sobrazitelny” is a multi-purpose patrol ship of the near sea zone (corvette) of Project 20380. Board number 531.
“Boikiy” is a multi-purpose patrol ship of the near sea zone (corvette) of Project 20380. Board number 532.
"Yaroslav the Wise" is a patrol ship of Project 11540. Board number 727.
“Stoikiy” is a corvette of project 20380. Hull number 545.

71st Brigade of Landing Ships (Baltic Naval Base, Baltiysk):

BDK-43 "Minsk" large landing ship of Project 775. Board number 127.
BDK-58 "Kaliningrad" large landing ship of Project 775. Board number 102.
BDK-61 "Korolev" is a large landing ship of Project 775M. Board number 130.
BDK-100 "Alexander Shabalin" large landing ship of Project 775. Board number 110
MDKVP "Evgeniy Kocheshkov" is a small landing hovercraft of Project 12322 "Zubr". Board number 770.
MDKVP "Mordovia" is a small landing hovercraft of Project 12322 "Zubr". Board number 782.
“Denis Davydov” is a landing craft of project 21820. Board number 748.
“Lieutenant Rimsky-Korsakov” is a landing craft of Project 21820. Hull number 754.
"Michman Lermontov" is a landing craft of project 21820. Board number 757.
D-67 (onboard 767) landing craft of project 11770, code "Serna"
D 1441 "Rear Admiral Demidov" landing boat of project 11770, code "Serna"
D 1442 "Rear Admiral Olenin" landing boat of project 11770, code "Serna"
D-465 (onboard 746) landing craft of Project 1176 “Akula”
TL 1603 - torpedo boat project 1388
TL 1668 - torpedo boat project 1388
TL 923 - torpedo boat project 1388

64th Brigade of Water Area Security Ships (Baltic Naval Base, Baltiysk):

146th tactical group of anti-submarine ships, military unit 20447:
MPK-304 "Urengoy" is a small anti-submarine ship of Project 1331M. Board number 304.
MPK-308 "Zelenodolsk" is a small anti-submarine ship of Project 1331M. Board number 308.
MPK-218 "Aleksin" is a small anti-submarine ship of Project 1331M. Board number 318.
MPK-311 "Kazanets" is a small anti-submarine ship of Project 1331M. Board number 311.
MPK-243 "Kabardino-Balkaria" is a small anti-submarine ship of Project 1331M. Board number 243.
MPK-232 "Kalmykia" is a small anti-submarine ship of Project 1331M. Board number 232.

323rd minesweeper division:
"Aleksey Lebedev" basic minesweeper of project 12650. Board number 505.
BT-212 is the base minesweeper of Project 12650E. Board number 501.
BT-213 "Sergey Kolbasiev" basic minesweeper of project 12650. Board number 522.
BT-230 "Leonid Sobolev" basic minesweeper of project 12650. Board number 510.
RT-344 raid minesweeper of project 13000. Board number 326.
RT-276 raid minesweeper of project 13000. Board number 353.
RT-252 raid minesweeper of project 10750. Board number 239.
RT-273 raid minesweeper of project 10750. Board number 310.
RT-231 raid minesweeper of project 10750. Board number 219.
RT-249 raid minesweeper of project 10750. Board number 206.

313th special forces detachment to combat PDSS, military unit 10742 (Baltiysk): 60 people. In service: anti-sabotage boats P-386, P-410, P-419.

36th missile boat brigade, military unit 20963 (Baltiysk):

1st Guards Missile Boat Division:
R-2 "Chuvashia" missile boat of project 12411M. Board number 870.
R-47 missile boat of project 12411. Hull number 819.
R-129 “Kuznetsk” missile boat of project 12411. Board number 852.
R-187 “Zarechny” missile boat of project 12411. Hull number 855.
R-257 missile boat of project 12411. Hull number 833.
R-291 "Dimitrovgrad" missile boat of project 12411. Hull number 825.
R-293 "Morshansk" missile boat of project 12411. Board number 874.

106th Division of Small Missile Ships:
"Geyser" is a small rocket ship of project 12341. Board number 555.
“Zyb” is a small rocket ship of project 12341. Board number 560.
"Liven" is a small rocket ship of project 12341. Board number 551.
"Passat" is a small rocket ship of project 12341. Board number 570.

Nth division of small missile ships:
"Green Dol" small rocket ship of project 21631. Board number 602.
"Serpukhov" small rocket ship of project 21631. Board number 603.

143rd brigade of ships under construction and repair (Kaliningrad)

342nd rescue squad (Kaliningrad region, Baltiysk):

CH 128 - boat
PZhK 906 - fire ship
PZhK 1680 - fire ship
PZhK 59 - fire ship
PZhS-96 - fire ship
SS-750 - rescue ship
PZhK 5 - fire ship
PZhK 415 - fire ship
SB 921 Loksa - rescue tug
PZhK 900 - fire ship
SB-121 - rescue tug of project 02980
SB-123 - rescue tug of project 02980

72nd reconnaissance ship division (Baltiysk):

V. Tatishchev (b. SSV-231) medium reconnaissance ship of project 864
Fedor Golovin medium reconnaissance ship of project 864
GS-39 Syzran small reconnaissance ship of project 503M
GS-19 Zhigulevsk small reconnaissance ship of project 503M

603rd separate division of hydrographic vessels (Baltiysk):

Andromeda - hydrographic vessel of project 861
BGK 613 - large hydrographic boat
BGK 717 - large hydrographic boat
MGK 1805 - small hydrographic boat
MGK 1659 - small hydrographic boat
MGK 879 - small hydrographic boat
BGK 1529 - large hydrographic boat
MGK 403 - small hydrographic boat

51st Hydrographic Service District (Baltiysk):

BGK 1511 - large hydrographic boat
BGK 186 - large hydrographic boat
BGK 214 - large hydrographic boat
BGK 312 - large hydrographic boat
BGK 767 - large hydrographic boat
BGK 887 - large hydrographic boat

Group of support vessels (Baltiysk):

Selenga - tanker
MB 165 Angry - sea tug
MB-305 - sea tug
RB 192 - road tug
MB 86 - sea tug
MB 157 - sea tug
VTN 24 - small sea tanker
RB 42 - road tug
RB 394 - road tug
RB 401 - road tug
VTN-74 - integrated port service vessel of project 03180

1694th base for repair and storage of hydrographic and navigational weapons and property.

105th brigade of water area security ships, military unit 22830 (Leningrad naval base, St. Petersburg, Kronstadt):

147th tactical group:
MPK-99 "Zelenodolsk" is a small anti-submarine ship of Project 1331M. Board number 308.
MPK-192 "Urengoy" is a small anti-submarine ship of Project 1331M. Board number 304.
MPK-205 "Kazanets" is a small anti-submarine ship of Project 1331M. Board number 311.

145th Task Force:
RT-61 raid minesweeper of project 1300. Board number 324.
RT-702 raid minesweeper of project 1300. Board number 353.
BT-115 is the basic minesweeper of Project 12650. Board number 515.
PDKA is an anti-sabotage boat of Project 1415. Hull number 89.
PDKA is an anti-sabotage boat of Project 1415. Hull number 910.
RT-57 raid minesweeper of project 10750. Board number 316.
RT-248 raid minesweeper of project 10750. Board number 348.

258th training ship division:
UK-162 is a training ship.
UK-115 is a training ship.
UK-712 is a training ship.

473rd Special Forces Anti-PDSS Detachment, military unit 39080 (Kronstadt)

123rd Red Banner Submarine Brigade, military unit 09632 (St. Petersburg, Kronstadt):

B-227 "Vyborg" diesel submarine of Project 877.
B-806 "Dmitrov" diesel submarine of project 877EKM.
PM 30 is a floating workshop of project 304.

501st Rescue Squad, military unit 20862 (St. Petersburg, Kronstadt):

SN 401 is a medical boat of the SK620 project.
RVK 779 is a Project 1415 raid boat.
PZhS-282 is a firefighting ship of Project 1893.
RVK 1250 is a Project 1415 raid boat.
RB 17 is a Project 737 road tug.
P 364 is a Project 1415 raid boat.
RVK 336 is a Project 1415 raid boat.
SMK-2093 is a multifunctional modular boat of Project 23370.
RB 395 road tug of project 90600.
RVK-1064 is a Project 1415 raid boat.
RVK-1102 is a Project 1415 raid boat.
SMK-2097 is a multifunctional modular boat of Project 23370.

431st detachment of support vessels, military unit 56058 (St. Petersburg):

1st group of support vessels:
VTN 45 is a small sea tanker of Project 1844.
PZhK 53 - fire boat of project 364.
MB 162 is a Project 733 sea tug.
MB 169 is a Project 733 sea tug.
PSK 1562 is a search boat of the SK620 project.
Purga is a Project 97 port icebreaker.
Buran is a Project 97 port icebreaker.
SR 203 - degaussing vessel of Project 1799.
PKZ 33 is a Project 130 demagnetization vessel.
VTN 34 is a small sea boat of Project 1844.
SR 120 is a degaussing vessel of Project 1799.
GKS 283 is a Project 1806 physical field control vessel.
SFP 511 is a Project 1806 physical field control vessel.
Nepryadva is a cable ship of Project 1112.
RB 167 is a Project 192 road tug.
KIL-1 is a keel-lift vessel of Project 419.
VTR-77 - sea transport of weapons of project 1823/1824.
RB 20 is a Project 90600 road tug.
RB 2 is a Project 90600 road tug.

2nd group of support vessels:
RB 98 is a Project 498 road tug.
MNS-35500 is a Project 445 tank barge.
BUK-1654 is a tugboat of Project 1606.
BUK-408 is a tug boat of Project 05T.
BNN-129250 is a Project 415C road non-self-propelled tank barge.
MBSN-503250 is a non-self-propelled raid barge of Project 411bis.
Victor Konetsky sea tug project 745.

3rd group of support vessels:
RB 250 is a Project 737 road tug.
RB-348 is a road tug of Project H-3291.
PK-13035 is a floating crane of the PK-13035 project.
SPK-49150 is a self-propelled floating crane of project 02690.

94th division of ships under construction and repair (St. Petersburg, Kronstadt).

115th separate division of ships being repaired under construction (Kaliningrad).

42nd district of hydrographic service (St. Petersburg, Vyborg):

BGK 414 is a large hydrographic ship.
MGK 1891 is a small hydrographic boat.
MGK 1752 is a small hydrographic boat.
MGK 1657 is a small hydrographic boat.
MGK 1577 is a small hydrographic boat.
BGK 173 is a large hydrographic ship.
RK 229 - hydrographic boat.
MGK 229 is a small hydrographic boat.
MGK 810 is a small hydrographic boat.
MGK 444 is a small hydrographic boat.

335th separate division of hydrographic vessels (Lomonosov):

Nikolai Matusevich - hydrographic vessel.
GS 525 is a hydrographic vessel.
Sibiryakov oceanographic vessel.
Admiral Vladimirsky oceanographic vessel.
GS 439 is a hydrographic vessel.
GS 400 is a hydrographic vessel.
GS 403 - hydrographic vessel.
GS 270 is a hydrographic vessel.
Vaygach is a small hydrographic vessel.
BGK 28 is a large hydrographic boat.
BGK 613 is a large hydrographic boat.

336th Separate Guards Bialystok Order of Suvorov and Alexander Nevsky Marine Brigade, military unit 06017 (Kaliningrad region, Baltiysk)

561st naval reconnaissance point, military unit 10617 (Parusnoye village, Baltiysk city)

25th separate coastal missile regiment, military unit 39108 (Kaliningrad region, Donskoye)

69th Separate Guards Marine Engineering Mogilev Red Banner Order of Kutuzov Regiment, military unit 51061 (Kaliningrad region, Gvardeysk).

254th separate radio battalion of the Special Forces, military unit 21790 (Kaliningrad region, Gvardeysk 13).

328th separate electronic warfare battalion, military unit 03051 (Leningrad region, Kronstadt)

134th separate communications battalion (Kaliningrad).

135th separate communications battalion (Kaliningrad).

2652nd artillery base of weapons and ammunition, military unit 09956 (Kaliningrad region, Prokhladnoye village).

2574th weapons and ammunition base, military unit 13068 (Kaliningrad region, Guryevsky district, Ryabinovka village).

Arsenal, military unit 45752-D (Kaliningrad region, Baltiysk).

2676th weapons and ammunition base (Kaliningrad region, Cherepanovo village).

773rd Integrated Logistics Base, military unit 77167 (St. Petersburg).

1694th base for repair and storage of hydrographic and navigational weapons and equipment (Baltiysk).

148th separate repair and restoration battalion (Kaliningrad).

299th training center Saturn, military unit 87082 (Kaliningrad region, Baltiysk).

Naval School of Junior Specialists (St. Petersburg).

11th Army Corps (Kaliningrad):

7th Separate Guards Proletarian Moscow-Minsk Order of Lenin twice Red Banner Orders of Suvorov and Kutuzov II degree motorized rifle regiment, military unit 06414 (Kaliningrad)

79th Separate Guards Motorized Rifle Brigade, military unit 90151 (Gusev)

244th Guards Artillery Vitebsk Red Banner Order of Kutuzov III degree and Alexander Nevsky Brigade, military unit 41603 (Kaliningrad)

152nd Guards Rocket Brest-Warsaw Horde. Lenin Red Banner horde. Kutuzov II degree brigade, military unit 54229 (Chernyakhovsk, Kaliningrad)

22nd Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment, military unit 54129 (Kaliningrad)

44th Air Defense Division (Kaliningrad):

183rd Guards Anti-Aircraft Missile Molodechno Order of Alexander Nevsky Regiment, military unit 95043 (Kaliningrad region, Gvardeysk - control, AKP, 1st and 2nd divisions, 3rd division, 4th division, 5th 1st division, 6th division)

1545th anti-aircraft missile regiment, military unit 64807 (Kaliningrad region, Znamensk)

81st Radio Engineering Regiment. military unit 49289 (Kaliningrad region, Pereslavskoye village).

72nd Guards Aviation Novgorod-Klaipeda Red Banner named after Air Marshal I.I. Borzova base (Kaliningrad region, Kaliningrad, Chkalovsk village, Chkalovsk airfield)

Assault aviation squadron of the 72nd air base (Kaliningrad region, Chernyakhovsk, Chernyakhovsk airfield)

Separate shipborne anti-submarine helicopter squadron of the 72nd air base (Kaliningrad region, Donskoye village, Donskoye airfield)

Separate transport air squadron of the 72nd air base (Kaliningrad region, Khrabrovo village, Khrabrovo airfield)

81st separate communications and radio technical battalion, military unit 90263 (Kaliningrad region, Primorsky district, Primorsk and Lunino village).

82nd separate communications and radio technical battalion (Kaliningrad).

Baltic Fleet of the Russian Navy

Patch of the Baltic Fleet of the Russian Navy

General information

Number of members

Technique (as of 2014):

  • Underwater equipment - 2;
  • Surface equipment - 41.

Military conflicts

Order of the Red Banner

Story

Pre-Petrine era

Sea voyages of Novgorod residents in the Baltic

The Baltic Sea was of strategic importance immediately with the advent of statehood on the territory of Rus'. From here began the internationally significant route from the Varangians to the Greeks. On the northern section of this route were located some of the oldest Russian cities - Ladoga and the first capital of Rus' - Novgorod. There were no special military fleets in the armed forces of Novgorod. For military operations, the navy used ordinary merchant ships.

The following types of vessels are known: skedia, busa, shitik, “ship”, naboinya, plow and canoe. Each boat with its crew constituted a separate combat unit, the personnel of which were divided into dozens. The rooks were united into detachments, several detachments made up a fleet headed by the prince. The main tactical method of naval combat was boarding.

Livonian War

In July 1557, by order of Ivan the Terrible, construction of the first Russian port on the Baltic began. The construction was supervised by Dmitry Semyonovich Shastunov. The port was built in the shortest possible time, and soon the royal decree forbade Novgorod and Pskov merchants from trading in the Livonian cities of Narva and Revel. From now on they had to wait for the “Germans” in their land.

In 1558, Ivan the Terrible started the Livonian War. Having lost income from the transit of Russian goods, Sweden and Poland launched extensive privateering activities in the Baltic Sea against ships heading to Narva. In order to counteract them, Ivan the Terrible in March 1570 issued a royal charter to the Dane Karsten Rode. The charter determined the procedure for dividing the spoils, assigned a salary to the team, and ordered: .

Russian-Swedish War 1656-1658

In the campaign of 1656, Russian troops operated on two directions. The main forces operated along the Western Dvina, moving towards Riga. In February 1656, the construction of a flotilla of 600 plows for transporting troops began in the Smolensk district. By July, the construction of the flotilla was completed. The plows ranged in length from 16 to 35 meters and could accommodate up to 50 soldiers. Other ships were used to deliver food and evacuate the wounded and sick. On July 31, Dinaburg was taken, on August 14, Kokenhausen. Boyar Afanasy Lavrentievich Ordin-Nashchokin founded a shipyard in Tsarevich-Dmitriev and began building ships for sailing on the Baltic Sea. On August 21, the siege of Riga began. However, they failed to take Riga. Another detachment of Russian troops was supposed to clear Izhora of the Swedes and capture the mouth of the Neva, after which Potemkin was given the task of marching on Stockholm.

Birth of the fleet

The credit for the creation of the Baltic Fleet rightfully belongs to Peter I. At the end of the 17th century, Peter I created an amusing flotilla on Lake Pleshcheyevo. In January 1696, in preparation for the Second Azov Campaign, large-scale construction of ships was launched at the shipyards of Voronezh and Preobrazhenskoye. The galleys built in Preobrazhenskoye were disassembled and delivered to Voronezh, where they were assembled and launched. In addition, engineering specialists were invited from Austria. Over 25 thousand peasants and townspeople were mobilized from the immediate surroundings to build the fleet. 2 large ships, 23 galleys and more than 1,300 plows, barges and small ships were built. Lefort was placed at the head of the fleet. The flagship of the flotilla is the 36-gun ship Apostle Peter. In May 1696, the Russian flotilla blocked Azov from the sea. On July 19, 1696, the fortress surrendered. On October 20, 1696, the Boyar Duma proclaims:

This date can be considered the birthday of the Russian regular navy. An extensive shipbuilding program is being approved - 52 ships. To finance the construction of the fleet, new types of taxes were introduced: landowners were united into so-called kumpanstvos of 10 thousand households, each of which had to build a ship with their own money.

In the summer of 1699, the first large Russian ship, the Fortress, took the Russian ambassador to Constantinople to negotiate peace. The very existence of such a ship persuaded the Sultan to conclude peace in July 1700, which left the Azov fortress behind Russia. In 1697 - 1698, as part of the Great Embassy in Holland, Peter I worked as a carpenter at the shipyards of the East India Company, with the participation of the tsar, the ship “Peter and Paul” was built.

Northern War

The beginning of the war was extremely unsuccessful for the Russian army, starting with a defeat near Narva. However, Charles XII subsequently sent his troops against Russia's allies, which gave Peter I the necessary respite. In 1701, construction began on 600 plows on the Volkhov and Luga rivers. More than 300 river vessels and boats were built at the Novgorod shipyard on the Pola River, which flows into Lake Ilmen. All suitable private vessels on lakes Ladoga and Onega, the Svir and Volkhov rivers were taken into the treasury. Soon the Swedish flotillas were driven out of the Ladoga, Pskov and Peipsi lakes.

In the winter of 1702, construction began on a shipyard on the Syas River, which flows into Lake Ladoga. In the same 1702, the Olonets shipyard was founded on the Svir River. On August 22, 1703, the first battleship, the 28-gun frigate "Standard", was launched at the Olonets shipyard. Another shipyard was founded on the Volkhov River. The ships built on the Syas River and at the Olonets shipyard laid the foundation for the Baltic Fleet. As a result of the Northern War, Russia regained access to the Baltic Sea. During the Northern War, a network of bases for the fleet was created, the main of which was St. Petersburg. Revel was the leading naval base. In 1723, the construction of the Kronstadt naval base was completed, which since 1724 has become the main base of the fleet.

First half of the 18th century

Baltic Fleet after the end of the Northern War

According to the state of 1720, the ship fleet should have consisted of:

  • three 90-gun battleships
  • four 80-gun
  • two 76-gun
  • twelve 66-gun
  • six 50-gun
  • six 32-gun frigates
  • three 16-gun
  • three 14-gun shnyavas.
The galley fleet was supposed to have 130 galleys. From 1722 to 1725 9 battleships, 3 frigates, one shnyava, 22 auxiliary ships and one rowing vessel were built. In 1724, the Baltic Fleet included 32 battleships, 16 frigates, 8 ships, 85 galleys and many small sailing and rowing ships. At the same time, since 1722, the pace of shipbuilding has sharply decreased. In the last years of Peter's reign, no more than 1-2 ships were laid down per year, and the required number to maintain the staff was 3 ships per year. The situation in shipbuilding deteriorated sharply after the death of Peter. In 1726, only one 54-gun ship was laid down, and not a single ship was laid down between 1727 and 1730. In 1727, the fleet consisted of 15 combat-ready battleships and 4 combat-ready frigates. In 1728, the Swedish envoy to Russia reported to his government:

Baltic Fleet during the reign of Anna Ioannovna

Upon her accession to the throne and the abolition of the Supreme Privy Council, Empress Anna Ioannovna, with her first decrees, addressed the problem of restoring the fleet. On July 21 (August 1), 1730, the Empress issued a personal decree:

In December 1731, the Empress ordered the resumption of regular exercises at sea in the Baltic Fleet in order to:

In January 1731, the new 66-gun ship “Glory of Russia” was laid down at the Admiralty shipyards; two more ships were laid down in February and March 1732. According to the state of 1732, the main ones in the naval fleet were 66-gun ships, which were supposed to make up 59.3% of the fleet. At the same time, the commission proceeded from the following considerations:

  • the design features of Russian 66-gun ships allowed them to carry guns of the same caliber as the guns of 70-gun ships of foreign fleets;
  • 66-gun ships already exist in the fleet and upon their retirement, part of their equipment and artillery can be used to equip new ships, and artillery and equipment accounted for 28.6-38.3% of the cost of the entire ship.

Opposing coalitions in Europe in 1756

Second half of the 18th century

Seven Years' War

1757

On April 17, Empress Elizabeth issued a decree sending the Revel squadron under the command of Rear Admiral Lewis to the Courland coast to blockade the Prussian ports of Memel, Pillau and Koenigsberg. On April 29, Rear Admiral Lewis's squadron consisting of 6 battleships and 3 frigates left Revel for the Prussian shores. On May 1, the Kronstadt squadron of 1 battleship, 2 frigates, 2 bombardment ships, 2 jets goes to sea. On May 31, the main forces of the fleet under the command of Admiral Mishukov, consisting of 11 battleships, 1 frigate, 1 fire ship and 1 hospital ship, left Kronstadt to blockade Prussian ports. The galley fleet in the company of 1757 was engaged in the delivery of troops and supplies for the Russian army in East Prussia. On August 22, a detachment of 10 galleys at the entrance to Kurish-Gaf at the mouth of the Labio River had a firefight with a Prussian coastal battery, during which they suppressed it.

1758

After receiving information from the Russian ambassador from London in the spring of 1758 about the preparation of a squadron by the British Admiralty to be sent to the Baltic, a decision was made to send Russian and Swedish squadrons to the Danish Straits to counter the English squadron. July 9 at Fr. Bornholm, the Russian fleet consisting of 17 battleships and 5 frigates linked up with the Swedish squadron consisting of 6 battleships and 3 frigates and, under the general command of Admiral Mishukov, headed to the Sound, where they took a position off the island of Amager near Copenhagen. Here he stayed until the beginning of September, when it became obvious that the English squadron would not appear in the Baltic this year. At the same time, part of the forces of the Russian fleet was used to block the Prussian coast, control the mouths of rivers, intercept Prussian transports, and supply troops. In October 1758, the Russian corps of General Palmbach began the siege of Kolberg. A decision was made to supply troops by sea. However, due to autumn storms this turned out to be unfeasible. Of the 27 chartered merchant ships sent in October from Riga, Memel and Königsberg to Kolberg, 11 were lost with their crews, and most of the rest were scattered across various ports.

Early 20th century

1917-1941

During the Civil War and foreign military intervention, sailors of the Baltic Fleet defended the approaches to the capital, Petrograd, and up to 20 thousand sailors fought on all land fronts. They formed the main force of the Soviet navy in various sea and river theaters. In 1919, while defending Petrograd, the Baltic Fleet sank 18 and damaged 16 ships of the British interventionists. Since 1918, the Baltic Fleet was called the Naval Forces of the Baltic Sea. By 1921, the Baltic Fleet ceased to exist as a combat-ready formation. After the Civil War, the Baltic Fleet began to rearm - dozens of the latest ships, naval aircraft, and long-range coastal defense guns entered service. On February 23, 1928, the fleet was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Since 1935, the Naval Forces of the Baltic Sea again began to be called the Baltic Fleet. During the Soviet-Finnish War, the Baltic Fleet assisted the troops in the offensive on the Karelian Isthmus and occupied the islands of Gogland, Lavensaari, and Seskar.

1941-1945

The Baltic Fleet entered the Great Patriotic War with two battleships, two cruisers, 19 destroyers, 65 submarines, 656 aircraft and other weapons. So the Baltic troops under the command of Admiral Vladimir Tributs were ready to fight the Nazi invaders. Sailors of the Baltic Fleet defended the Moonsund Islands, Tallinn and the Hanko Peninsula, conducted the Tallinn transition, and took an active part in the defense of Leningrad in 1941-1944, in 1944-1945. in the defeat of Nazi troops near Leningrad, in the Baltic states - the Baltic operation, in East Prussia and East Pomerania. Defending their homeland, the Baltic troops sank 1,205 warships, transports and auxiliary vessels, and destroyed 2,418 enemy aircraft. More than 82 thousand sailors were awarded high state awards, 173 Baltic seamen were awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union, including four twice.

Second half of the twentieth century

In 1946, changes occurred in the structure of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet: it was divided into two fleets - the South Baltic and the North Baltic, but in December 1955 the fleet was restored to its previous structure. Since the beginning of the 1950s, the capabilities of the fleet have increased noticeably: this was due to the development of new nuclear missile weapons and the replenishment of the fleet with missile ships and jet aircraft. Ships of the Baltic Fleet began to carry out combat service missions in the North and Mediterranean Seas, the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. On May 7, 1965, the heroic Baltic Fleet received the second Order of the Red Banner for outstanding services to the Motherland, mass heroism and courage shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders. At the beginning of 1991, the Baltic Fleet of the USSR Navy was the largest fleet in the Baltic Sea region and consisted of 232 warships, including 32 diesel submarines, 328 combat aircraft and 70 helicopters, 16 launchers of coastal missile units, coastal defense units and marine corps , formations and units of operational, logistical and technical support. The main bases of the fleet were: Baltiysk, Swinoujscie, Daugavgriva and Liepaja, Tallinn and Paldiski. The fleet also had several maneuverable bases on the territory of the RSFSR, the GDR, the Estonian, Lithuanian and Latvian Soviet Socialist Republics. The Baltic Fleet aviation had ten main airfields, where the 240th and 170th naval assault air regiments and the 145th separate anti-submarine aviation squadron were based, as well as 13 reserve airfields intended for distribution of forces and maneuver. The ship repair of ships of the Baltic Fleet was carried out by four ship repair plants: 7th Shipyard, 29th Shipyard, 33rd Shipyard and 177th Shipyard.

Modernity

The modern Baltic Fleet is a multi-service operational-strategic territorial association, which includes naval forces, naval aviation, air defense systems, coastal troops, and unified operational, technical and logistics support bodies. The backbone of the Baltic Fleet's fleet consists of two Project 956 destroyers, Nastoichivy and Bespokoiny. They were put into operation in the early 1990s. In 2000-2010 Fleet ships made visits and business calls to more than 100 seaports in Europe, Asia, America and Africa, and successfully participated in international exercises. In the 2000s. The fleet's combat strength was replenished with modern ships equipped with the latest weapons and technical equipment: the patrol ship "Yaroslav the Mudry", the corvettes "Steregushchy" and "Soobrazitelny", the diesel submarine "St. Petersburg". In 2013, the serial corvette “Boikiy” entered the fleet. In the near future, the fleet will include the Stoiky, as well as the frigate Admiral Gorshkov. In 2014, a significant part of the ships and vessels of the Baltic Fleet will be equipped with new marine navigation aids. In particular, the ships will be equipped with the latest hydrometeorological complexes "Kharakter-K", electronic cartographic navigation information systems "Alaska" and "Segment", gyro direction indicators "GKU-5", integrated small-sized navigation and stabilization systems "Kama", ship receiver indicators "Kvitok" . It is also planned to carry out work to modernize logs and magnetic compasses. In total, during 2014, more than 30 units of various marine navigation aids will be installed on ships and vessels of the fleet. According to a message dated July 2, 2014, rescuers of the Baltic Fleet began installing on board the KIL-926 "Alexander Pushkin" the latest deep-sea apparatus "Panther Plus", capable of operating at depths of up to 1000 m in strong currents. The first test descents of the Panther at the base are planned for the beginning of next week. After which the rescue team specialists will begin working on practical tasks to search for and raise various sunken objects in the open sea. According to the message dated August 5, 2014, the Panther Plus complex was put into operation. In the fall of 2015, the reconstruction of the berth front of the main naval base of the Baltic Fleet - the military harbor of Baltiysk - should be completed, after which it will be able to receive ships of any rank. Now the Baltic Fleet is the main training base for the Russian Navy and, along with the Northern Fleet, the 1st Air Force and Air Defense Command, the Moscow and Leningrad Military Districts, became part of the created Western Military District. The creation of an Operational Command in the North Atlantic is expected on the basis of the 12th Surface Ship Division.

Home system

Dislocation

  • Headquarters Kaliningrad.
  • Baltic naval base.
  • Leningrad naval base.
    • Saint Petersburg.
    • Kronstadt.
    • Lomonosov.

BALTIC FLEET, operational-strategic association of the Navy in Russia and the USSR. Created during the Northern War of 1700-21 after Russian troops established themselves at the mouth of the Neva River, returning Russia access to the Baltic Sea. The construction of ships for the Baltic Fleet began at shipyards on the Syas River (1702), the Svir River and in Lodeynoye Pole (1703). The first base of the Baltic Fleet is St. Petersburg (since 1724, Kronstadt became the main base). In 1703, the first ship became part of the Baltic Fleet - the frigate "Standard" (the first sailing battleship "Poltava", became part of the Baltic Fleet in 1712). Ships for the Baltic Fleet were built at the Admiralty Shipyard in St. Petersburg, as well as at other Baltic shipyards, on the White Sea (Solombala Shipyard) and purchased abroad. The Baltic Fleet assisted Russian troops during the siege of Vyborg in 1710, the capture of Revel, Pernov and Riga in 1710, and Helsingfors and Abo in 1713. He played a decisive role in the occupation of the Moonsund Islands by Russian troops in 1710 and Finland in 1712-13. He won victories over the Swedes in the Battle of Gangut in 1714, the Battle of Ezel in 1719 and the Battle of Grenham in 1720, which allowed Russia to establish itself in the Baltic Sea and become a major naval power. The actions of Russian ships and galleys in 1719-21 off the coast of Sweden influenced its readiness to conclude the Treaty of Nystadt in 1721. The forces of the Baltic Fleet were commanded by naval commanders F.M. Apraksin, N.F. Golovin, M.M. Golitsyn (1675-1730), N.A. Senyavin. In 1721, the Baltic Fleet consisted of 32 battleships, about 100 other sailing ships and up to 400 rowing ships. Before the creation of the Black Sea Fleet in 1783, the Baltic Fleet was the only fleet of the Russian Empire.

During the Seven Years' War of 1756-63, the Baltic Fleet took part in the capture of Memel and Kolberg. During the Archipelago expeditions, the squadrons of the Baltic Fleet under the command of G. A. Spiridov, S. K. Greig, D. N. Senyavin, L. P. Heyden and others operated in the Mediterranean Sea and won victories over the Turkish fleet in the Battle of Chesme in 1770 , the Battle of Athos 1807 and the Battle of Navarino 1827. In the Russian-Swedish War of 1788-90, the Baltic Fleet repelled the attack of the Swedish fleet, which sought to capture Kronstadt and St. Petersburg, and won victories in the Battle of Hogland in 1788, the Battle of Rochensalm in 1789 (see Battles of Rochensalm), the Battle of Revel in 1790, the Battle of Krasnogorsk 1790 and the Battle of Vyborg 1790 (but was defeated in the second Battle of Rochensalm 1790). In 1826, the first armed steamship became part of the Baltic Fleet, but until the mid-19th century it was based on sailing ships (26 battleships, 9 frigates), there were also 9 steam frigates, etc. In the early - mid-19th century, ships of the Baltic Fleet participated in long-distance and circumnavigation voyages, during which a number of geographical discoveries were made and knowledge in the field of oceanography was significantly expanded (expeditions of I.F. Krusenstern and Yu.F. Lisyansky, F.F. Bellingshausen, M.P. Lazarev, F.P. Litke , O. E. Kotzebue, G. I. Nevelsky, etc.).

During the Crimean War of 1853-56, the Baltic Fleet thwarted attempts by the Anglo-French fleet equipped with steam ships to capture Kronstadt, Sveaborg, Helsingfors and blockade St. Petersburg from the sea. Russian sailors successfully used minefields made from anchor mines for the first time.

Since 1861, the construction of a steam armored fleet began in Russia for the Baltic Fleet. In 1877, the first seaworthy battleship “Peter the Great” entered the Baltic Fleet. By the end of the 19th century, the Baltic Fleet had 9 battleships, 20 coastal defense battleships and 11 armored cruisers. Since 1903, submarines (submarines) have entered service with the Baltic Fleet.

During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05, the 2nd and 3rd Pacific Squadrons were formed from the Baltic Fleet, which made the most difficult transition of 18 thousand miles from the Baltic to the Far East, but then were defeated in the Battle of Tsushima in 1905. The Baltic Fleet was restored during the Naval reforms of the 1900s-10s. In 1912, aviation appeared in service with the Baltic Fleet.

During the First World War of 1914-18, the Baltic Fleet operated on enemy communications, supported ground forces, defended Petrograd from the sea, and carried out large mine-laying operations, during which about 35 thousand mines were laid. The main base of the fleet was Helsingfors. In November 1914, the first Russian battleships-dreadnoughts of the Sevastopol type were included in the fleet. The Baltic Fleet carried out the Irbene operation of 1915 and participated in the Moonsund operation of 1917.

Sailors of the Baltic Fleet played a significant role in revolutionary events, including the October Revolution of 1917.

By decree of the Council of People's Commissars of January 29 (11.2). 1918, the Baltic Fleet was included in the Workers' and Peasants' Red Fleet. In connection with the advance of German troops to Tallinn, and then Finnish troops to Helsingfors, the Ice Campaign of the Baltic Fleet of 1918 was carried out. In 1918-19, the Baltic Fleet fought against the English fleet and the white North-Western Army. A significant part of the Baltic Fleet personnel took part in the Kronstadt uprising of 1921. In April 1921, the Baltic Fleet was transformed into the Naval Forces of the Baltic Sea (since 1935 - the Red Banner Baltic Fleet).

During the interwar period, new ships, submarines, and aircraft entered service with the Baltic Fleet, the Baltic Fleet Air Force was created, air defense and coastal defense (CD) were organized. Some of the personnel and ships of the Baltic Fleet became the basis for the creation of the Northern Fleet and the Pacific Fleet.

By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45, the Baltic Fleet included 2 battleships, 2 cruisers, 2 destroyer leaders, 19 destroyers, 48 ​​torpedo boats, 69 submarines, 656 aircraft, combat and air defense formations, and a marine brigade (MP). The main base of the fleet was Tallinn. During the war, the Baltic Fleet, together with ground forces, defended naval bases and coastal areas, including during the Tallinn Defense of 1941, the Moonsund Islands Defense of 1941 and the Hanko Defense of 1941, and acted on enemy communications. In August 1941, long-range bombers of the Baltic Fleet launched their first strikes on Berlin from the island of Saaremaa. The Baltic Fleet suffered heavy losses in ships and personnel in August 1941 during the Tallinn transition to Kronstadt. Together with the ground forces, the fleet participated in the Battle of Leningrad in 1941-44, provided transportation on Lake Ladoga, and took part in the breakthrough operations (1943) and then the complete lifting of the blockade (1944) of Leningrad. The Baltic Fleet carried out the Moonsund operation in 1944. The actions of ships and aircraft of the Baltic Fleet to support ground forces and disrupt enemy sea communications in 1944-45 contributed to the defeat of the enemy on the Karelian Isthmus, the Baltic states, East Prussia and East Pomerania. For military merits, over 20 ships and units of the Baltic Fleet became guards, 58 were awarded orders. Over 100 thousand Baltic people were awarded orders and medals, 137 were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

In February 1946, the Baltic Fleet was divided into the 4th and 8th fleets (in December 1955 it was restored to its previous organization). The Baltic Fleet was given the opportunity to be based in the ports of the GDR and Poland. Since the 1950s, the Baltic Fleet, like the entire USSR Navy, has been equipped with qualitatively new military equipment. The Baltic Fleet included diesel missile submarines, missile ships and missile-carrying aircraft capable of carrying nuclear weapons, as well as diesel torpedo submarines, destroyers, anti-submarine ships, missile boats, minesweepers, landing ships (including hovercraft), other medium and small vessels, aircraft of various types.

By the beginning of 1991, the Baltic Fleet was the largest navy in the Baltic Sea region, it consisted of 232 warships (including 32 submarines), 328 aircraft and 70 helicopters, 16 launchers of coastal missile units, military and marine formations, parts of logistics and technical support. After the collapse of the USSR, the forces of the Baltic Fleet were withdrawn from the territory of the former GDR, Poland, and the Baltic countries (the fleet lost up to 80% of its bases, 60% of enterprises and about 50% of its barracks and housing stock). In 1995, the Leningrad naval base became part of the Baltic Fleet. Of particular importance was the protection of sea routes of communication with the isolated Russian enclave - the Kaliningrad region. The main base of the Baltic Fleet is Baltiysk. By 2004, the Baltic Fleet included about 70 ships and submarines.

Until the beginning of the 20th century, in the Baltic Fleet there were actually only permanent positions of squadron commanders; the fleet commander was appointed, as a rule, for the period of hostilities. The functions of managing the fleet on shore were performed by the commanders of military ports. The first actual commander of the Baltic Fleet in May 1904 was Administrator A. A. Birilev, who was appointed chief commander of the Baltic Fleet and head of the naval defense of the Baltic Sea. In 1908, the position of commander of the United Baltic Sea detachments was established to manage the Baltic Fleet (since 1911, commander of the Baltic Sea Naval Forces, since 1914, commander of the Baltic Sea Fleet). The commanders of the Baltic Fleet were: I. O. Essen (1908-15), M. V. Viktorov (1921-24, 1926-32), L. M. Galler (1932-37), V. F. Tributs (1939- 46), vice admiral, since 1964 Administrator A. E. Orel (1959-67), vice admiral, since 1969 Admiral V. V. Mikhailin (1967-75), I. M. Kapitanets (1981-85 ), vice admiral, since 1987, admiral V.P. Ivanov (1986-91), etc.

The Baltic Fleet was awarded 2 Orders of the Red Banner (1928, 1965).

Lit.: Veselago F.F. Essay on Russian maritime history. St. Petersburg, 1875. Part 1; Fleet in the First World War. M., 1964. T.1: Actions of the Russian fleet; Red Banner Baltic Fleet in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. M., 1981; Baltic, twice Red Banner. Vilnius, 1987; Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet. 3rd ed. M., 1990; Red Banner Baltic Fleet in the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people 1941-1945, 2nd ed. M., 1990-1992. Book 1-4; Essays on the history of the Baltic Fleet. Kaliningrad, 1997-2003. Book 1-6; Baltic Fleet: Three centuries in the service of the Fatherland. St. Petersburg, 2002.



Related articles