Conjugation of the verb go in English table. Phrasal verbs with the stem to go

We are all making plans both for the distant future and for the coming weekend. Today you will learn how to talk about your plans in English, ask about strangers and say what you are not going to do at all.

There is a construction in English specifically for this purpose to be going to do something, which translates as “getting ready to do something.”

Using the construction to be going to in the past tense

When is the construction to be going to used?

We use this design in the following cases:

1. When we plan to do something in advance.
(she is going to bake a cake; he is going to wash the car)

2. When we say that something is likely to happen and there are all the signs for it.
(it's about to rain, look at these clouds)

Scheme for forming an affirmative sentence

The phrase to be going to consists of two parts: changeable and unchangeable.

First part- verb to be, changes depending on who performs the actions. In the present tense, the verb to be has 3 forms:

1. Am - used with the word I.
2. Is - used with singular words he, she, it.
3. Are - used with plural words: you, we, they.

Second part - going to, always remains unchanged.

I	am
You
We	are		eat
They		going to	sleep
She			dance
He	is
It

For example

They are going to swim in the pool.
They are going to swim in the pool.

She is going to find a job.
She's going to find a job.

We are going to buy a car.
We are going to buy a car.

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How can you shorten to be going to?

In informal communication, for example, in conversation or correspondence with friends, to be going to can be shortened as to be gonna. This abbreviation can also be heard very often in song lyrics, films and TV series.

I am gonna go home.
I'm going to go home.

We are gonna dance all night.
We're going to dance all night.

Scheme for constructing a negative sentence

If you want to say that you are not going to do something, then add the negative particle not to the verb to be.

I	am
You
We	are			swim
They		not	going to	work
She				dance
He	is
It

Examples negative sentences.

She is not going to call him.
She's not going to call him.

We are not going to study Spanish.
We are not going to learn Spanish.

I am not going to write this text.
I'm not going to write this text down.

How to ask a question with to be going to?

To ask whether someone is going to do something, the verb to be comes first.

Am	I
	you
Are	we		sleep?
	they	going to	buy?
	he		travel?
Is	she
	it

For example

Are you going to get up early?
Are you going to get up early?

Is she going to play volleyball?
Is she going to play volleyball?

Are they going to buy a cake?
Are they going to buy a cake?

Special questions c to be going to

With this construction you can also ask questions with the words:

what - what;
where - where;
when - when;
who - who;
how (often/long) - how (often/long);
which - which one;
why - why.

These words come first. The rest of the word order remains the same as in a regular question.

	am	I
		you
What	are	we		do?
When		they	going to	buy?
Where		she		visit?
	is	he
		it

Let's look at examples.

How long are you going to do your homework?
How long are you going to do your homework?

When is she going to cook dinner?
When is she going to cook dinner?

What are they going to sell?
What are they going to sell?

Using the construction to be going to in the past tense

Surprisingly, this construction can be used in the past tense. It can be used when we say that we were going to do something, but never did. To construct such a sentence, the verb to be is put in the past form.

1. For the singular (I, she, he, it) - was.

2. For the plural (you, we, they) - were.

For example: “He was going to go on a trip, but he couldn’t because of money problems.”

I	was
You
We	were		work
They		going to	sleep
She			travel
He	was
It

Examples

She was going to go to the party, but her father did not let her go.
She was about to go to a party, but her father didn't let her.

They were going to work at the weekend, but then decided to meet friends.
They were going to work on the weekend, but then decided to meet with friends.

So, now you know everything about the construction to be going to. If you have any questions, ask them in the comments. Now let's move on to practice.

Task to be going to for consolidation

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Is she going to buy that dress?
2. We are going to go to a friend's birthday.
3. He is not going to have lunch.
4. Are you going to help me?
5. They were going to go to nature, but couldn’t.
6. Are you going to live together?
7. She is not going to get married.
8. He was going to meet her, but he had to work.

As always, write your answers in the comments below the article.

The verb to go is one of the irregular verbs; its past tense forms and participles are formed non-standardly: go – went – gone.

The main meaning of the word is “to go”, “to go”, “to move”, and with a tendency to move away from the source of speech or the place of action, in contrast to the verb to come, which implies approach.

Let's go for a walk! - Let's take a walk, that is, let's leave the house.
That morning she went to school totally unprepared. “She went to school that morning completely unprepared.

You can walk and move either on foot or using a vehicle. The preposition by is usually used to denote transport.

— Did you go to the mountains by car? — Did you go to the mountains in a (passenger) car?
— No, by jeep! A car would get stuck there! - No, in a jeep. The car would have been stuck there.
We will not be able to go to Crimea by train until the bridge across Kerch Strait is not built yet. “We won’t be able to go to Crimea by train until the bridge across the Kerch Strait is built.

In addition to the direct meaning of “to go, go, travel,” the verb to go can also be used in figurative meanings. Translation, as a rule, does not cause any difficulties.

The summer has gone. — Summer has passed (and you won’t get it back again).
He went pale. - He turned pale.

In this case, there is again a negative connotation of the event - the subject’s condition has worsened, something went wrong.

However, the greatest difficulties for a student of English, and sometimes for a translator, are caused by the persistent phrasal use of the verb to go with auxiliary parts of speech, most often with prepositions. In inflected languages, which include Russian, the role of English prepositions is usually played by prefixes or a combination of a verb with a certain case of the dependent word. Usually common sense helps to understand the meaning of a statement, as in the example with the construction to go by:

We went to Moscow by plane - We went to Moscow by plane (fundamental case).

However, sometimes the use of phrasal verbs from the point of view of a native Russian speaker is difficult to explain. What does a design cost, for example? to go in for something - “to do something, to get carried away with something.” You just need to memorize such phrases; there are special exercises for this.

You would go in for sports than sit all day at a computer. — You would rather go in for sports than sit at the computer all day.
My husband is going in for knitting, while I’m learning to drive a car. — My husband is interested in knitting, and I am learning to drive a car.
My classmates and I try to go in for all school competitions. — My classmates and I try to participate in all school competitions.
My children like football, while I wanted them to go in for chess.

Phrasal use of the verb to go

Dictionaries list more than 100 stable combinations with the verb to go, and the translation of many of them is ambiguous. Let's consider the most common options, knowledge of which is necessary for understanding oral and written speech and communication at the everyday level.

Colloquial expression to go about means “to walk back and forth”, “to hang around in one place”, “to hang out (with someone)”.

Nick is well now. He's going about again. - Nick has recovered. Already on my feet.
She's going about bad guys. “She hangs out with the bad guys.”

The design is also used in a figurative sense.

Rumors are going about his new girlfriend. — There are rumors about his new girlfriend.

There are several stable constructions using this phrasal verb: he is going about hungry/naked/in a dream - he walks hungry, walks naked, is in a dream world. If someone annoys you beyond measure, you can interrupt the bore with the words: Go about your business! - Mind your own business!

Verb translation go after expect - to follow someone. - This is a synonym for the verb to follow.
He tried to escape but the police went after him everywhere. “He tried to escape, but the police were on his heels.

Go up phrasal verb denoting upward movement, increase in the literal and figurative sense. Its antonym is the verb go down.

Father Fyodor immediately went up a steep rock. — Father Fyodor instantly climbed to the top of the steep cliff.

In American English, the verb is used in relation to prices: Prices are going up - Prices are rising.

The magnificent building went up on the site of the former slums. — A magnificent building rose on the site of a former slum.

If you are traveling from the province to a big city, this expression can also be applied.

I go up to Moscow next week. Do you want to follow me? — Next week I’m going to Moscow. Would you like to come with me?

If the trip was a success, you can say:

I went up to Moscow State University - I entered Moscow State University.

Verb-antonym go down associated with downward movement, reduction in size, or decline in status. He went down without a degree - he dropped out of school without receiving a diploma.

Prices and wages go down rapidly. — Prices and wages are falling rapidly.
I went down with a flu. — I came down with the flu.

Phrasal verb go out is well known to all high school students who at one time were kicked out of class for bad behavior. Go out of the classroom! - the strict teacher said to the disobedient student. But not everything with this verb is so bad. For example, to go out on a date means “to go on a date.”

They have been going out together for three years - They have been dating for three years (the word out implies that they are dating and not living together).

This verb generally has a lot of figurative meanings, sometimes quite unexpected. Her heart went out to the baby - Her heart was filled with tenderness for the baby.

to expression go through involves overcoming an obstacle, often using remarkable physical or volitional efforts.

I barely went through the customs and passport control. I barely got through customs and passport control.

My grandfather went through the war without a scratch. My grandfather went through the war without a single scratch.

Funny idiom – He can go through a brick wall - He passes a brick wall, that is, he sees through everything, has unique insight. Sometimes such expressions turn out to be false friends of the translator, since they are taken literally.

Go off- a phrasal verb that enhances the semantics of removal with the adverb off, implying high speed or unexpectedness of movement.

My wife went off with my friend but I never regret it! My wife ran away with my friend, but I don’t regret it at all.

Some notable colloquial expressions include:

to go off one’s food – lose appetite;
to go off the handle - to freak out, lose your temper;
to go off one's chump - to go crazy, go crazy.

Phrasal verb go over implies not only some effort to overcome circumstances, but also a necessarily obtained result.

How did your negotiations go over? — How did your negotiations go (and how did they end)?

Like other phrasal verbs, semantic ambiguity is possible here. He went over a bridge - he overcame the bridge. The maid went over a table with a cloth. The maid passed the cloth over the table.

After the TV show he went over big with middle-aged women. — After the TV show, he became wildly popular among middle-aged women.

The expression is also used to indicate a change of religious denomination or political views.

The politician is secretly thinking about going over to another party. — This politician is secretly thinking about switching to another party.

Direct and allegorical use and understanding of phrasal verbs is a necessary component of proficiency in a foreign language. In most cases, constructions need to be memorized - they do not always lend themselves to logical comprehension. As your vocabulary grows, phrasal verbs will no longer be a problem for you. The ability to insert a stable combination into place will earn approval from a native speaker.

Verb go is one of the most common words in the English language. The difficulties in using this verb are associated with the variety of meanings, the use go with or without different prepositions, as well as with the fact that the verb go is part of a large number of phrasal verbs.

Meanings and forms of the verb Go

to– to go\move towards something: go to Italy - go to Italy, go to the bank - go to the bank.
on, for– in a number of stable combinations: go on holiday - go on vacation, go for strike - go on strike (declare a strike).
without pretext: go home - go home, go swimming - go for a swim.

Go with prepositions to, on, for

Go + to used when talking about movement to a specific place, expressed.

Please note that there can be a before a noun. This is described in detail in the video tutorial:

In some cases, the article after go to is not used:

class - go to class,
work - go to work,
school / college / university – go to school, college, university.
bed – go to sleep (lit.: go to bed),
prison / jail - go to prison (go to jail).
Washington, Amsterdam, Japan, Italy, Europe, Asia

In the video lesson above, the teacher gives examples of using the indefinite article before a noun:

Go to a:

party - go to a party,
conference – go to a conference.
concert - go to a concert.

In the comments to the lesson, she explains that these examples relate to cases when we are not talking about any specific party, concert, or conference. If we are talking about a specific concert, then it will be “go to the concert”.

Go to the:

doctor - go to the doctor,
dentist - go to the dentist,
specialist - go to a specialist,
bank - go to the bank,
supermarket / mall – go to a supermarket, shopping center,
airport – go (go) to the airport.

These nouns are used with a definite article because in most cases we are still talking about a specific doctor, bank, supermarket or airport. If you are in an unfamiliar city and you need to go to some (any) bank, then it will be “go to a bank”.

With the prepositions on, for, the verb go is used in stable combinations:

holiday - go on vacation,
a trip - to go on a trip,
a tour – go on a tour, excursion,
a cruise - to go on a cruise.
strike - go on strike, go on strike.

a walk - go for a walk,
a run - go for a run,
a drive - go on a trip,
a picnic - go on a picnic.

Verb Go without preposition

1. Go meaning “to go, go”

Go in the meaning of “go, go, move” is used without a preposition before the place (adverb of place), indicating the direction of movement. Often such an adverb can be confused with a noun.

Here are some common combinations where go is used without a preposition:

go home - go home (a very common mistake: go to home),
go here/there – go here/there,
go abroad - go abroad,
go upstairs/downstairs – go up/down the stairs (go down or up the steps).

If the words here, there, abroad, upstairs, downstairs difficult to confuse with nouns, then with the expression go home They make mistakes very often when they say “go to home”. There is no need for a preposition here, since home in this case it is an adverb, not a noun.

2. Go meaning “to become”

Without a preposition, go is used to mean become. In this meaning, go is used in combination with certain words, for example:

go crazy - go crazy,
go blind / go deaf – become blind / deaf,
go bald - go bald,
go bad - go bad, go bad (about food).
go flat – to be blown away (about a wheel), to run out of steam (about a carbonated drink).

3. Go + -ing verb

The verb go is used without prepositions before -ing verbs denoting some activity:

go shopping - go shopping,
go running - go for a run,
go swimming – go for a swim,

Phrasal verbs with Go

There are a huge number of phrasal verbs with go, here I give examples of some common phrasal verbs, you can find a more detailed list in this dictionary: it contains 55 (!) phrasal verbs with go, many of which have several meanings.

Let me remind you that this is not just a combination of verb + preposition/adverb, but an independent semantic unit; it should be perceived not as a combination of words, but as a whole word.

go on – happen (about events)

What is going on here? -What's going on here?

go on – continue (without specifying an action object)

Go on, please. Your story is very interesting. - Continue, please. Your story is very interesting.

Show must go on. - The show must go on.

go on with something – continue to do something (indicating the object of the action)

I had to go on with the speech. – I should have continued speaking.

go out – 1) go somewhere (to a party, have fun, walk, etc.), 2) stop working (about a car, an appliance).

Every weekend I go out with my friends. – Every weekend I go somewhere with friends.

Let's go out tonight. - Let's go somewhere today.

The electricity went out last night. – The electricity went out last night.

go out with someone – meet someone, be in a romantic relationship.

He's been going out with his girlfriend for around six months now. He has been dating his girlfriend for about six months.

Scott and Beth broke up after four months of going out. Scott and Beth broke up after dating for four months.

Note: also remember the popular expression to ask out - to invite on a date: Scott asked Beth out. Scott asked Beth out on a date.

go off – 1) make a loud, sharp sound (about an alarm clock, alarm, timer, a shot from a weapon), 2) stop working (about electricity, electrical appliances).

The fire alarm went off because someone was smoking in the restroom. – The fire alarm went off because someone was smoking in the toilet.

The lights go off automatically when the office is empty. – The lights turn off automatically when there is no one in the office.

go over – view something, repeat.

We went over

go through – 1) view, repeat (like go over), 2) check in search of something, search, rummage, 2) experience, go through something.

We went through our notes before the exam. – We reviewed our notes before the exam.

I went through my desk looking for the letter. “I searched my desk for the letter.

You wouldn't believe what I went through when I was ill. “You won’t believe what I went through when I was sick.”

go with – to fit, to go together (usually about clothes).

This tie goes with your shirt. – This tie matches your shirt.

What goes well with spaghetti? – What goes well with spaghetti?

go back - return to something, continue doing something.

We went back to work after the break. – We returned to work after the break.

go down\up – shrink, increase.

The prices went down but then went up again. – Prices dropped, but then rose again.

go without – 1) to do without something, not to have something, 2) to cope by doing without something.

I had to go without lunch today because I didn’t have any time. – I had to do without lunch today because I didn’t have time.

They are not coming. We'll have to go without their help. - They won't come. We'll have to cope without their help.

Expressions, idioms with the verb Go

There are many with the verb go. Here are some of them

Go for it. – Do something with enthusiasm, take advantage of the chance.

If you have the chance to work abroad, you should go for it. – If you have the opportunity to work abroad, you better take it.

That's your chance! Go for it!– This is your chance! Take action!

Go into overdrive - start working hard.

Every year around Christmas, my department goes into overdrive– there’s so much work to do. – Every year before Christmas, my department is immersed in work - there is a lot of work to be done.

Go off on a tangent - deviate from the topic of conversation.

He was giving a speech about politics, but he kept going off on tangents and telling stories about golf. “He gave a speech about politics, but he kept going off topic and telling stories about golf.

Go through the motions - do something mechanically or by inertia, without enthusiasm, not out of desire, but out of necessity.

He only has a week left at this job, so he’s not working very hard – he’s just going through the motions. – He has a week left to work, so he’s not trying too hard - he’s doing everything by inertia.

Go for broke - work hard and take risks in order to achieve a goal.

When starting a new business, you need to go for broke. – When you start a new business, you need to do everything possible.

Go with the flow – 1) accept events in life without resistance, 2) do as everyone else does, without resisting or arguing.

You'll be happier if you just learn to go with the flow. – You will be happier if you just learn to accept life as it comes.

All my friends wanted to go to the beach instead of to the movies, so I decided to go with the flow. – All my friends wanted to go not to the cinema, but to the beach, so I decided to do like them.

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A phrasal verb is a combination of a specified part of speech with a postposition (adverb or preposition), resulting in the formation of a new semantic unit that has a different meaning. This is a fairly broad topic that requires detailed consideration and elaboration. But since there are many constructions, you should start by choosing a small number of phrases that you can use in speech and writing. This article examines the word go, a phrasal verb that has many uses.

Basic meanings and to go

The word to go is one of the most common in the English language and has many meanings. The following are just some translation options:

go, walk;
drive;
to be in circulation (about money, coins);
sound (about a bell);
to be sold (at a specific price);
pass, disappear;
cancel;
collapse;
crash.

The context will tell you which meaning to choose when translating. By meaning you can understand what is meant. One of the common mistakes newbies make is trying to translate word for word using the first dictionary definition that appears in the list of meanings. It should also be remembered that this has the following forms: go, went, gone.

Go - phrasal verb combined with prepositions

The following are the most common combinations. In order to master this topic well, take several word combinations, work through them with the help of exercises, come up with examples for each of them and try to make them part of your active vocabulary, using them in speech. Over time, this seemingly complex topic will become an integral part of your knowledge.

Go: phrasal verb combined with prepositions:

go	about	1) walk, look around, stroll; 2) circulate, circulate (about rumors); 3) start (something).
	after	to catch up, to pursue
	for	1) to pounce, to collapse; 2) strive.
	in for	get involved, engage
	into	explore, study
	off	1) explode, shoot; 2) pass, go; 3) become worse, deteriorate; 4) lose consciousness.
	on	1) continue to do something (persistently), move on; 2) take place, happen.
	on with	continue
	out	1) go out, be in society; 2) go out of fashion; 3) go out.
	over	1) go; 2) move (to the other side); 3) view, re-read 4) study in detail, inspect.
	through	1) discuss in detail, carefully consider (the issue); 2) experience, experience; 3) to do, to perform.
	to	have worries, incur expenses
	under	crash
	up	1) come close, get closer; 2) travel to the capital (from the suburbs, villages); 3) grow, rise (about prices); 4) build.
	with	correspond, harmonize
	without	do without something

In addition to different combinations, you should remember that some phrases have multiple meanings. For example, the phrasal verb go off covers at least 4 translation options.

Go + adverbs

Verb combinations with adverbs are somewhat inferior in number to phrases with prepositions. However, the phrases presented in this section are no less common. They occur quite often both in the everyday speech of native speakers and in modern literature.

Go: phrasal verb combined with adverbs:

Phrasal verb go: examples of use

The vocabulary of a foreign language, be it a word or a construction, is better learned in practice. Simply memorizing a list of words is not a very effective method, since knowing individual words is not enough. After all, the main difficulties may arise when trying to combine them into a proposal. In order to harmoniously master new material, it is best to immediately use it in practice: read ready-made examples and create your own.

The tourists go about London. - Tourists walk around London.
I must go about this work tomorrow. - I have to take on this work tomorrow.
Let's go aside, I have to tell you something. - Let's step aside, I need to tell you something.
Animals go by instinct. - Animals are guided by instincts.
I go in for sports from a childhood. - I have been involved in sports since childhood.
The milk went off. - The milk has gone bad.
She likes to go out. - She likes to go out into society.
She went up to him and asked something. “She came up to him and asked something.

Try to replace commonly used phrases with synonyms - this will diversify your speech. For example, a simple question "what's going on?" can be translated in different ways: What's happening?, Is there something up?, What's going on? (phrasal verb occurs quite often).

Consistency and perseverance are the main secrets of success. To understand any topic in English well, you need to devote time to it regularly. Daily lessons of 15-30 minutes are much more effective than one long lesson once a week.

The English verb go is one of the most commonly used in the English language.
It can participate in some fixed expressions and grammatical constructions.
The irregular verb Go is also an intransitive verb, so it does not have a passive voice (Passive Voice).

There are three main forms of the verb go in the active voice:

First form (the infinitive) = to go
Second form (the past simple tense/past simple tense) = went
Third form (the past participle) = gone

Irregular verbs are not formed according to the rules; they must be remembered.

Table of verb conjugations by tenses

Features of use

The basic direct meaning denotes movement from one place to another.
There are several more direct meanings:

· go
· go, move, set off
· leave, leave
· pass
· study
· become
· pass
· ply

Verb + particle to

Walk/drive in the indicated direction
When you indicate where you are going, use the preposition to.

We went to the park yesterday evening. – Yesterday evening we went to the park.

Design 1

Verb + particle to + noun

I go to school from Monday to Friday. – I go to school from Monday to Friday.
I go to bed. – I’m going to bed (literal translation), but usually we say: “I’m going to bed.”
Go to page number 34, please! – Please go to page 34!

This expression works well for Internet pages.

Design 2

Verb + infinitive verb
I go to sleep. - I am going to sleep.

NB!
Please note that there are options with and without articles. There is a rule in which cases the article is used and when it is not.

It all depends on the purpose for which the person is going to the specified place/institution.

For example, if you are going to come to the university to study, then the article before the word university is not needed.
If a young man goes to meet a girl after a lecture, he will say:
“I’m going to the university in a half hour. My girlfriend wants me to meet her after classes.” In this sentence the article must be left.

Important! You are visiting an institution for its intended purpose - the article is not required. If the purpose of your visit is not directly related to his activities, an article is needed.

But there are exceptions.
Remember!

Construction to be going to do (smth)

Getting ready to do something

This phrase is said when expressing the intention to take some action in the future.
Often replaces the simple future tense expressed with will.
I'm going to create a website. – I'm going to create a website.

Construction go + prepositions

Verb + preposition by= travel by transport
You can move around using different types of transport.
If you indicate the type of transport, then you need to put the preposition “by” in front of it and no articles.
Lisa goes to work by bike. – Lisa goes to work by car.
I go by car. - I drive a car.

Verb + preposition on= go somewhere
The preposition on indicates that the trip is related to recreation (vacation, vacation)
Alex went on holidays. – Alex went on vacation.
I prefer to go on food. – I prefer to walk.

Verb + preposition for= go somewhere
The preposition for, unlike the previous one, should be used when we are not talking about travel or vacation.
Example:
My sister went for a walk. – My sister went for a walk.

Active use in conjunction with many prepositions has secured its status as one of the most famous phrasal verbs.
An example is the idiom to go with flow, the translation of which sounds like “go with the flow”, “swim with the flow”.
Phrasal verbs in English are an interesting and voluminous topic that deserves a separate detailed consideration.

Verb + gerund

Indicates regular activities, hobbies, interests.

Gerund – a verb form ending in –ing – indicates what kind of activity the sentence is talking about.
Usually this link is translated as “to engage.”
A striking example: the expression to go shopping- go shopping.
The word “shopping,” which has already become familiar to the Russian ear, defines “shopping trips” as a kind of hobby, a type of hobby, a regular activity. In Russian they say “go shopping”, or “I’m going shopping”.

In English there is a similar connective like + verb with ing. It is also actively used in speech.

In conclusion, we note that the English-speaking community actively uses various connectives of this verb in everyday speech, preferring it to many other semantic verbs.