Flows like resin in cold weather, physical meaning. Extracurricular activity "physics on the go"

Tar forms on the walls of a solid fuel boiler;

Resin leaks down the chimney;

WITHmole in a solid fuel boiler;

From the chimney is leaking tar;

Why does tar flow from the chimney of a solid fuel boiler?

What is the reason for tar in the chimney of a solid fuel boiler?

The chimney for a solid fuel boiler is covered in ash;

Why is the chimney leaking?

The loading chamber is covered in resin.

This is an approximate list of problems of people who turned to us for help.

Due to the rise in gas prices, many people have installed solid fuel boilers and did the right thing.

A solid fuel boiler, when operating correctly, saves about $1000 per heating season!

This depends on the area of the heated object. The larger the area, the greater the savings.

And everything would be great, but for some reason it doesn’t work out that way for you. It doesn’t work, but tar flows from the chimney, and tar forms on the walls of the solid fuel boiler:

The fact that resin is leaking from the chimney is not a problem. This is a diagnosis. If your solid fuel boiler has received such a diagnosis, then there can be no talk of any savings.

And the most important thing!

There is tar leaking from the chimney, but that is not the cause!

So why is tar still flowing from the chimney? The resin is flowing because the solid fuel boiler is not working correctly.Why does a solid fuel boiler not work correctly? The solid fuel boiler is not working correctly because it is not connected and installed correctly. Perhaps the boiler was not correctly calculated for your area and was incorrectly selected for your type of fuel.

But the main reason most likely that:

Your solid fuel boiler is not equipped correctly!

If, for example, the boiler return is not provided with the necessary equipment due to incorrect configuration, the boiler will not be able to reach the required temperature at which the resins can burn out and not flow out of the chimney.

If, for example, the supply is not provided with the necessary equipment, which will prevent thermal exhaustion of the boiler, then resin will also form in it, which will constantly flow out of the chimney.

The installers of the solid fuel boiler are most to blame!

The main characters are grief masters who made the above mistakes. You can learn more about this by reading the publication ( Installation of a solid fuel boiler called “Two pipes” or “Submarine”)

These are the main reasons for tar leaking from the chimney.Of course, there are other reasons, such as:

too wet firewood;

the diameter and height of the chimney do not meet the technical requirements.

But from experience this happens very rarely.

Well, that's about it. Now let's summarize.

We have established the reasons, now what to do?

How can you fix the problem situation?

The answer is simple. We can give a second life to your boiler!

Since we are experts in solid fuel boilers, we reconnect such boilers. After our reconnection, you will forever forget about what is currently happening to your boiler and chimney.

After our work:

Resin will not form in the boiler and will not flow from the chimney;

A boiler with one load of fuel will burn twice as long;

A simple traditional boiler can burn for almost the same amount of time on one load of wood as a pyrolysis solid fuel boiler;

From the same amount of firewood, the boiler will be able to produce twice as much heat;

After our intervention, your boiler will serve you not 2 years, but about 10 times longer;

In addition, we will make its further operation as safe as possible.

When tar is flowing from the chimney, your solid fuel boiler is in a state where it eats wood like trucks. It is extremely unprofitable to heat with such a boiler. Cheaper with gas. After our correction work, your boiler can save, as mentioned above, up to $1000 per year.

This may seem so far-fetched to many that they may simply not believe it!

Well, if you have a problem, but you don’t believe that it can be solved, then the best way to be convinced of the veracity of our words is to familiarize yourself with the evidence.

How can I do that?

Well, first of all, you can read reviews about our work;

And secondly, you can communicate with those people who had the same problems as you now. Some of them had a liter of resin leaking from their chimney per day. And after our reconnection...

However, you have the opportunity to hear everything from them and not from us.

25.01.2010, 19:32

There are leaks in the pipe, help me figure it out.
In my dacha on the second floor there are leaks in a pipe. I can’t understand why, help me figure it out. Leakage occurs only when the fireplace is lit.
The streaks appeared at the beginning of severe frosts when the temperature dropped below -10 degrees.
The fireplace-stove has been in operation since February 2009, then there were also frosts, but not so long and severe. There were no drips. There was no spring or autumn.
The stove maker who installed the “shield” says that he doesn’t know what’s wrong, like it’s most likely condensation that forms between the ceiling of the 2nd floor and the roof.
But there are doubts, since 1) The leaks are continuous. 2) The water is yellow and smelly - it smells strongly of smoked meat. In short, “sos”!! There is such a stench on the second floor that it is no longer possible to sleep.

Anatoly A

25.01.2010, 19:46

Andrey, we need to insulate the pipe between the roof and the ceiling, it’s cold there, and there’s also a draft, and all the problems will be eliminated.

25.01.2010, 23:55

thanks in advance to the experts

26.01.2010, 00:48

Andrey, I have the same situation. On the 2nd floor the chimney is wet. I come to the conclusion that it is condensation. It forms at a height of 4-5 m from the boiler and protrudes if there is no metal in the pipe. case. I have an asbestos-cement pipe inside - I was greedy for stainless steel, now I’m racking my brains.

Zhirnov Vladimir

26.01.2010, 01:58

Anatoly, thanks for the advice. The stove maker also talked about this. But I have this question in doubt! If this is condensation, then why is it brown and smoked?? Did it form from inside the stove? It should be as clean as a tear!! And why are the seams between the bricks wet and seem to be leaking? Or maybe condensation passes through the cement from the inside? could this be? And another question - how to properly insulate a brick pipe in the attic space, so to speak, technology....
thanks in advance to the experts
Moisture comes out from inside.

There is a diagram.

26.01.2010, 02:48

Moisture comes out from inside.
It is useless to insulate the pipe itself, the brick is still cold.
Perhaps a sandwich insert will help. The reason is the design of the furnace.
There is a diagram.
Good day! Dear stove makers, what can you say about this material “Furanflex”, and the technology too? I read it on the Internet and I’m wondering if it will help get rid of condensation and damp plaster on the chimney? Thanks in advance.

Anatoly A

26.01.2010, 09:54

Ana]Andrey the pipe is placed up to the roof using clay mortar, and higher up using cement mortar. Your pipe is made of a high grade of brick M250, and maybe higher. While it’s winter, you need to wrap it with any non-flammable material, i.e. wrap it with insulation, in the summer you need to cover it with 7 cm of foamed gas silicate, not shoving any pieces of iron or anything into the pipe will help, extra costs.

Kataev Oleg

26.01.2010, 10:15

It won’t help to push any pieces of iron or anything into the pipe, extra costs.
That’s right, after the piece of iron (it will flow down) you will have to install a condensate collector, but it will stink even on the 1st floor.

The reasons may be: violations of GOSTs - an umbrella (which should not exist at all), condensation from the smoke flows onto the pipe very low, it is cold (and along the outer surface of the pipe, if there are cracks, it drips inside), or the pipe is already soaked through with condensate with increased heating of the stove and fireplace with strong dilution with air and a decrease in smoke temperature.
Kataev Oleg
In the attic, condensation from the air can mix with pipe condensation; insulating the pipe there will not hurt.
I looked at the picture - condensation can (should) form in the attic insulation layer. Are there any drips above?

Zhirnov Vladimir

26.01.2010, 15:56

Anatoly A

26.01.2010, 16:33

Oleg, the inner contour of the sandwich will warm up faster than a brick.
It is useless to insulate bricks in the attic. Vladimir, answer why in the old days walls were made meter long, but now 2 bricks are enough.

Zhirnov Vladimir

26.01.2010, 16:59

Anatoly, insulate the pipe. Don’t forget to climb onto the roof and place a view on the pipe.

26.01.2010, 17:06

The stove maker who installed the “shield” says that he doesn’t know what’s wrong, like it’s most likely condensation that forms between the ceiling of the 2nd floor and the roof.
Anrey, increase the temperature of the exhaust gases. It can be increased if: 1) keep the forward stroke valve slightly open 2) increase the area of the grate 3) remove one channel in the panel. It could also be due to damp wood.

26.01.2010, 17:06

Thanks everyone for your comments. But I still didn’t understand what to do. There are many opinions. It’s 100% impossible to install anything inside the pipe, it’s not serious. Drip from the outside - from the umbrella, flow down the outside - there are a few drips from the umbrella, but they do not get inside, there are also traces of drips on the outside of the pipe on the street, but they were there when 40 cm of snow fell. We cleaned off all the snow around the pipe. For the second weekend I’ve been monitoring the pipe on the roof to make sure no drips or drops get inside under the roof. The photo shows that everything is dry, there are no marks. This can be done to insulate the attic. The main thing is that it helps. Maybe there are other opinions???

26.01.2010, 17:13

26.01.2010, 17:23

Yes, one more thing - the firewood is really not very dry, I’ll try to pull out the valve, although this will reduce the heating of the shield, but oh well. increase the area of the grate?? It seems I don’t have it... removing one channel in the shield is just destroying the shield, it won’t work. All this is good, but the main question remains, why is condensation smelly? Why! where does it come from!! How do the channels run in your shield? if it’s vertical, then there’s nothing complicated - you break through the wall of the last channel at the bottom. No gatekeeper: o, what kind of fireplace do you have? - open? The condensation stinks, but because it is mixed with soot!

Anatoly A

26.01.2010, 17:31

You didn't answer what kind of brick it is.

26.01.2010, 17:52

Anatoly A - Baltic brick, I forgot the name.
sasha - cast iron fireplace Swedish Jotul "3", I'll attach a photo in a minute. Well, we had a little fun (no offense). How can leakage be mixed with soot?? This is leaking soot inside; by the way, it also flows through the cleaning doors like from a faucet for the first 5-10 hours of heating. Well, this is fixable and understandable. But the smoked ones are leaking on the outside - this is an incomprehensible problem. Looking forward to your comments, thanks in advance

26.01.2010, 17:57

Yes, and breaking the channel in the shield is not serious, it’s easier to open the forward damper only then, in severe frosts, until the brick really warms up

Anatoly A

26.01.2010, 18:00

Andrey was amused, the Baltic states are big.

26.01.2010, 18:04

I have no memory at all, I’ll write down the name in a minute.

26.01.2010, 18:14

Alexander Batsulin

26.01.2010, 18:25

I think you have a long-burning stove (How long does a stack of wood burn?)
If this is the case, then you cannot attach a shield to it. And the tube needs to be made into an insulated sandwich. This can be corrected by changing the combustion mode to intense in the potbelly stove.

26.01.2010, 18:31

How can leakage be mixed with soot?? It’s leaking soot inside; by the way, it’s also leaking through the cleaning doors
When the brick is completely saturated with tar, even on the first floor, then you will understand that the condensation comes with soot, although now it is still filtered by the brick: d. The temperature of the exhaust gases can be increased if you put a stainless steel screen on the glass of the combustion door, and always heat in cold weather with a completely open ashpit - it also increases the T, you can also insulate the “Yutul” itself :(

26.01.2010, 18:31

Exactly. Before doing all this, I consulted with three stove makers and 2 companies on the topic that I needed. Everyone approved and recommended just such an option so that the brick would not crack, etc. A fireplace or just a potbelly stove, a small shield, a brick chimney. Those. The reason is that we heat only on weekends. The stove has been in the cold for 5 days. In my old house there is only brick, and the firebox too. In 2 seasons, the whole stove was cracked. The stove makers came and looked and they said you can’t heat bricks quickly and intensely in cold weather. And so it happened. That’s why we did it with a fireplace - all the power of the fire is there - the brick is not exposed to strong heat - it gradually warms up. The idea was this. How can we spoil the brick? Unclear...

26.01.2010, 18:35

26.01.2010, 18:36

How can we spoil the brick? It’s not clear... Condensation will spoil it, and then it will stink even in the summer.

26.01.2010, 18:47

Well, of course, I’m not a stove builder, so I consulted before construction. Nobody said a word about condensation. Now there is a problem and somehow it needs to be solved. The fool should have worked for a stove maker as an assistant for a year :)

Anatoly A

26.01.2010, 18:51

Andrey, everything is clear for such a potbelly stove, the pipe 380x520 is a lot, you need 380x380, that is, close half of the outlet hole on top of the pipe.

Zhirnov Vladimir

26.01.2010, 18:56

The potbelly stove must be heated intensively, plus heat loss from it.
You need a brick firebox instead of a potbelly stove, or an insert into a sandwich pipe.
To do this, the pipe must be repositioned.

Anatoly A

26.01.2010, 19:11

Yes, it’s interesting how a company could recommend a shield for such a potbelly stove, it’s not known what channels, a five-piece pipe, it’s impressive.

26.01.2010, 19:25

pipe five, impressive. The only way out is to disassemble the five-piece pipe to the ceiling of the second floor, insert a valve and exit above the valve with a 4-piece pipe.

Alexander Batsulin

26.01.2010, 19:30

wood burns with an open ashpit - 30-45 minutes
in almost smoldering mode - 3-4 hours

I would suggest just not using the smoldering mode.

And how much wood burns in 30-45 minutes?

Zhirnov Vladimir

26.01.2010, 19:39

There is a diagram of the shield. At least he's warming up.
All advice will be like a poultice for the dead.

26.01.2010, 19:49

I would suggest just not using the smoldering mode.
I think if you heat intensively, there will be no condensation. You can use a thermocouple in the valve slot to check the temperature before redoing the pipe.

And how much wood burns in 30-45 minutes? Alexander, of course you need to heat it intensively, but for such a stove the diameter of the pipe at the firebox nozzle is like 13 cm, which means the output should be about the same, and not 2 times larger.

Kataev Oleg

26.01.2010, 20:01

Oleg, the inner contour of the sandwich will warm up faster than a brick.
It is useless to insulate brick in the attic.
I did not propose to insulate the pipe, I am generally against any insulation in the house, I suggested insulating the pipe from condensation - according to the description, this is condensation from the attic air mixed with smoke or condensate from it.
Kataev Oleg
Let me return to the assumption - condensation forms in the insulation layer on top from the warm air from the attic, which flows down the pipe, and the pipe is apparently already soaked through with condensation from the smoke. Everyone has already given advice - to warm up the pipe with intense combustion.
Kataev Oleg
Check the integrity of the attic insulation vapor barrier, if any.

Alexander Batsulin

26.01.2010, 20:18

Alexander, of course you need to heat it intensively, but for such a stove the diameter of the pipe at the firebox nozzle is like 13 cm, which means the output should be about the same, and not 2 times larger.

I still don’t understand how the comrade drowns?

26.01.2010, 20:28

I still don’t understand how the comrade drowns? With a shield, in order to warm it up, the stove needs to be heated intensively; it cannot be heated by slow burning.

Alexander Batsulin

26.01.2010, 21:27

So how does HE drown? ------Andrey?

Blagov Alex

26.01.2010, 22:25

Good health to everyone! Listen to Zhirnov, he says, remake the firebox. Condensate is released during the firebox in every firebox and in order to evaporate it you need a temperature and draft. But I understand that you don’t have it. Especially from pine firewood. And pine also releases resin, which at low temperatures is deposited on walls. In short: the valve is fully open, the blower is at max. birch and aspen firewood!

26.01.2010, 23:22

I understand the corrective measures. 1) Insulate the chedda part 2) heat at full power 3) if possible, do not push the valve to full 3) Switch to birch, aspen. (I took 50/50 coniferous firewood/aspen birch, so I saved a little. And there won’t be clean birch until the summer. I’ll have to add more heat.) I leave reworking the pipe as an emergency option, if it doesn’t help at all. I really wouldn’t want the resin waste to pass through the brick onto the outer surface. This is some kind of fantasy

Alexander Batsulin

26.01.2010, 23:55

And these three to five hours - normal combustion or smoldering?

In your case, cancel smoldering altogether. Smoldering was invented for non-heat-intensive potbelly stoves in order to extend the heat transfer over time. When smoldering, the combustion is prolonged; the power released in the firebox is insufficient to maintain the required temperature in the cold (attic) brick pipe. Hence the condensation. You have a heat-intensive stove with a shield - there is no need for smoldering mode.

Anatoly A

27.01.2010, 10:27

Thanks everyone for your help. I'll tell you a little. I heat it like this - straight to full for 1 hour, then I close the damper. It is already walking along the shield until the house heats up and I make it smaller. This is about another 3-5 hours. Then at night there is more firewood and the economy mode is almost smoldering. In the morning, again, it was completely burning for 1-2 hours, then again almost smoldering. But this is when the frost is -10 -30 degrees.
Why is the chimney one and a half bricks? The stove maker made the calculation based on the size of the fireplace door so that it wouldn’t smoke. By the way, everything is ok in this regard.
I understand the corrective measures. 1) Insulate the chedda part 2) heat at full power 3) if possible, do not push the valve to full 3) Switch to birch, aspen. (I took 50/50 coniferous firewood/aspen birch, so I saved a little. And there won’t be clean birch until the summer. I’ll have to add more heat.) I leave reworking the pipe as an emergency option, if it doesn’t help at all. I really wouldn’t want the resin waste to pass through the brick onto the outer surface. This is some kind of fantasy Andrey, the entire stove needs to be completely redone, all measures are useless, extra money and nerves.

27.01.2010, 15:57

Burning goes on full for 3-5 hours. Remodeling the stove will be oh so difficult. Well, anyway, only in the summer. I’ll try until summer, maybe insulating the pipes in the attic space will help, and they also advised me to insulate the part of the pipe that is outside - make a box with insulation, who knows, what if it helps??

Alexander Batsulin

27.01.2010, 17:37

For starters, just try not to use the smoldering mode. For fun, insert a thermocouple (500 rubles) into the slot of the valve.

02.02.2010, 16:35

Ivan Belarus

02.02.2010, 21:25

here - this weekend the combustion is only at full mode, the damper is open directly. There were some drips, but much less and only on the first day of heating. I hope that insulating the attic pipes will solve the problem. I’m waiting for zero temperatures to disassemble the ceiling of the 2nd floor. What kind of stove is there that you have to burn for 1 hour without heating and then another “3-5” hours to warm up. Well, gluttonous! In short, wait until the summer and redo it, because this one ---( I don’t know how to make it softer:)) bad.

Blagov Alex

03.02.2010, 00:24

Insulation will not help! The pipe will freeze within a week anyway.

10.02.2010, 23:49

What kind of stove is that that needs to be heated for 1 hour and then another “3-5” hours to warm up? What a glutton! In short, wait until summer and redo it, because this one (I don’t know how to make it softer :)) is bad.
we are talking about warming up a house on 2 floors - from -15 to +20

Ivan Belarus

11.02.2010, 08:50

We are talking about warming up a house on 2 floors - from -15 to +20, anyway, heating directly for an hour is nonsense (buzz word :)), that’s a lot of firewood almost wasted! The potbelly stove is designed for a smaller shield, but you have what is in the photo and something else that is not visible. The shield is L-shaped. And they never mentioned how it was made inside - channels or caps. But everything affects traction. By the way, the stove maker (Misha) warned you about the size and condensation.

15.01.2011, 22:52

Dear forum members, Happy New Year! I have to raise this topic again. This summer I rebuilt the oven, there was a Swede with three horizontal passages, from the line of the stove above it was laid out on edge. I added another passage and extended it due to the drying compartment. For more heat capacity of the stove, he made it all in brick. There is a hog in the attic, he didn’t redo it, just repaired it, as the cold weather was approaching. The draft in the stove is excellent, due to the first stroke being lowered to the level of the vent, the floor became warmer. The bottom of the stove warms up wonderfully, and after closing the damper, the main array also warms up. BUT!... With the onset of stable cold weather (-10 and below), I was saddened to see dirty stains on the pipe. Having crawled into the attic, I saw that the entire pipe and the hog were damp, and ice had appeared from the bottom of the hog. We heat it every day (once). Who can advise?

Sergey from Tver

15.01.2011, 23:33

With the onset of stable cold weather (-10 and below), I was saddened to see dirty stains on the pipe. I crawled into the attic and saw that the entire pipe and the hog were damp, and ice had appeared from the bottom of the hog. We drown every day (once). Who would advise?

Insulate the hog and pipe - URSA two layers + foil (other options are possible).

16.01.2011, 01:35

Andre 114, the heat loss is too large near the channels of your furnace, you need to break through the burnout, making the shortest path for heating the pipe, in the partition between the first and last channels. Maybe the channels where narrowed, what turns. Is the pipe brick or iron? Channel height?

16.01.2011, 23:02

The height of the channels is about 20 cm, only the first, the lowest is 14 cm. But the draft is wonderful. I already guessed that the heat removal is too large, but I don’t know how to burn out between the first and last channels, the channels are horizontal. I think that in my case there is no insulation I can’t do without pipes, if this doesn’t help, I’ll remove the top one in the summer.

16.01.2011, 23:17

After the condensation, the pipe will become overgrown with deposits, the brick will be saturated with condensation, something needs to be done before summer. Use a hacksaw with a sharp nose to cut out the bricks where the partition is supposed to be, take out a couple of bricks and make a burn there. I use a long chisel to break out the partition with a hammer. A turn in the channel on one side means the burnout must be done on the other side, it can even be done in all channels. I also did the insulation of the pipe, it only helped in non-freezing weather, but in cold weather it still gets wet at first, icicles, then it starts leaking into the house. That’s it. I am more convinced of the correctness of Victor Selivan’s theory about the need for burnouts.

17.01.2011, 00:05

Thank you all for your responses and advice, I’ll try to solve the problem using the “scientific” method. I’ll post back later if it helps.

Sergey from Tver

17.01.2011, 11:37

After condensation, the pipe will become overgrown with deposits, the brick will become saturated with condensation, something needs to be done before summer. Using a hacksaw with a sharp nose, cut out the bricks where the partition is supposed to be, take out a couple of bricks and make a burn there. I use a long chisel to break out the partition with a hammer. A turn in the channel on one side means the burnout must be done on the other side, even in all channels. I also did the insulation of the pipe, it only saved me in non-frost weather, but in cold weather it still gets wet at first, icicles, and then leaks into the house. I am becoming more and more convinced of the correctness of Victor Selivan’s theory about the need for burnouts.

The reasoning is absolutely correct, but in this case, with a cold pipe and hog, there is good draft, that is, there is no formation of cold air pockets. This suggests that the internal cross-sectional areas of the hog and the chimney are overestimated. Most likely, the hog and the pipe are older than the existing stove, and were left after dismantling the old Russian stove - a typical case of the seventies of the last century, when instead of Russian stoves, or in addition to them, heating shields of various designs were often installed. In those days, you could see pipes and hogs wrapped in old sweatshirts. This was done to prevent the formation of condensation and its freezing in the brickwork. Otherwise, in the summer it was necessary to repair the hog and the pipe, since the tightness of the masonry was broken. Increasing the temperature of the flue gases gives a good effect with a normal calculated ratio of the furnace power and the dimensions of the pipe section. In this case, this will lead to increased consumption of firewood.
Therefore, in the current situation, it is better to make insulation. It is necessary to put foil under the insulation and on top, gluing it with heat-resistant tape, otherwise the insulation will get wet and the desired effect will not be achieved. In the summer, of course, it is worthwhile (if possible) to burn out this stove, but do not forget to eliminate the hog and install a chimney corresponding to the power of the stove, preferably a “sandwich”.
And further. There is no theory by Victor Selivan about the need for burnouts.
Material from Wikipedia:
“Theory is a doctrine, a system of ideas or principles. It is a set of generalized provisions that form a science or its section. Theory acts as a form of synthetic knowledge, within the boundaries of which individual concepts, hypotheses and laws lose their former autonomy and become elements of an integral system.”

17.01.2011, 12:12

I have a book by V. Selivan, in all furnaces there are suctions between the channels, this is the main design principle of the author. Of course, he promotes his idea as zealously as some, but his furnaces work. As for the foil on the first layer of insulation, I will take this into account future Indeed, the size of the pipe matters, you are right about this, of course. And I do burnouts in winter without damage to the stove and warming up the house, I can manage it in one day.

18.01.2011, 00:53

I have a house with a residential semi-basement, in which there is also a stove, but we heat it only in severe frosts so that the floor is warm. The chimney from the lower stove is combined with an array of the upper one and also rises to the hog (the back wall of the firebox at the top of the stove is precisely formed by this chimney), it can be used as a burnout, i.e. punch a small gap through which some of the smoke will go directly into the hog?

18.01.2011, 01:00

18.01.2011, 01:07

I really didn’t think about it. I have a damper from the bottom stove at the top, okay, let’s think about it

14.12.2011, 00:04

Hello! I have a similar situation. We bought a house where no one lived for 10 years. In the summer, the stove maker moved the stove in the kitchen. It was an ordinary brick pipe of 2 bricks. In the fall, we began to lightly heat it. Problem No. 1 - it smokes slightly when starting the kindling, but the draft is good. Problem No. 2 - now they started heating regularly once a day for about 1.5 hours. The firewood was aspen and birch. After 2 weeks of heating, we noticed small wet spots on the pipe in the kitchen. They started cleaning the pipe - there was a centimeter of water there. The water was clean. They rose into the attic - the whole pipe is stained. The pipe is plastered. It’s quite warm in the attic, and the weather here is still from 0 to +5. The attic is not insulated. I’m afraid what will happen in the cold? They started heating with a completely open vent. there is no water, but the pipe is damp and there are no leaks. There is no summer valve in the slab, there is a shield with horizontal passages. What should I do? Is there any point in insulating the pipe?

The whole problem is the size of the pipe - very large for your stove. This is usually observed after replacing a Russian stove with a regular “Swedish” one (the stove is changed, but the pipe is forgotten). The simplest way out in this situation is to insert a “VULCAN” chimney (internal diameter 150 mm, external 250 mm) inside the existing pipe, and the hog, if any, must be well insulated. To install the chimney, do not forget to invite a normal stove builder. In the future, you should think about building a new furnace.

14.12.2011, 12:14

Sergey from Tver

14.12.2011, 12:52

There is a hog. It comes from the bed in the room and goes out into the same pipe as the stove. But it does not go through the attic, but into the room. Probably, then there is no point in insulating it? And the stove was completely disassembled and made new. On the same place and almost the same in shape as the previous one. I don’t know how much the internal structure has been changed. The shield reached the ceiling, now it’s not so high. I don’t know if the former owner had such problems - he died 8 years ago. Are the recommendations the same?

This meant a hog in the attic. In the current situation and the recommended option, it is better to start firing stoves from the kitchen. In the future, instead of the reversible sleeve for the “bed”, it is necessary to install a separate pipe (preferably a “sandwich”).
A stove with horizontal channels and no summer operation is an additional “headache” when lighting and servicing the stove.

Zhirnov Vladimir

17.12.2011, 00:15

Not everything will go straight; don’t get carried away with the width of the burn. It will be better to warm up, because in every mountain. the channel will receive an additional portion of the mountains. gases If you have the entrance to the shield and the exit from the shield to the pipe in different corners, punch boldly and wider. You will get a straight-through shield

26.05.06

Part three

In previous articles, forecasts were made for the development of the vehicle using the example of a wheel and accompanying emerging divisions. The author wondered what the system's own purpose and the purposes of its elements were. At the same time, the basis was the postulate: the development of systems is determined by the desire for freedom. In turn, this desire is realized to one degree or another depending on the “genetic” material available to the system and environmental conditions. During the development of the TS, the manifestation of “genetic” material occurs that was not detected earlier. In the process of transformations, “mutations,” the “gene pool” is replenished. From the environmental side, the system interacts with a person (consumer, inventor), with other vehicles and with nature in general. Under the influence of changing external conditions, the vehicle, driven by its desire, finds new freedoms or abandons previously existing freedoms and ultimately inevitably comes to a union, both within itself and with the environment. The simplest, rudimentary option is, for example, the running-in of a new engine, the formation of mini-freedoms - micro-backlashes. In other words, the result is the natural course of events that ensures the existence, survival and development of systems in a general system of connections. Having given our own examples of forecasting the development of a vehicle in previous articles, let’s take examples from other authors.

Recently two works were posted on the site. First: “Analysis of energy chains as a method for improving the technical system” Author of the article L.G. Goryainov gives a forecast of options for the development of the TS, with a weakly expressed technical contradiction (TC) in the conditions of the need to identify a physical contradiction. As an example, the problem of a sorption column is given. Second: the article “Are TP and AF interrelated?” from the work "TERMINOLOGICAL ASPECT OF TRIZ". The author of the work, Parenchik G.I., gives an analysis of the problem of an ice polishing pad. The problem is known as educational, is familiar to many, seems understandable, and has a beautiful solution. It is all the more interesting to apply a different approach and show where and why a failure occurs and a beautiful, but unrealistic technical solution is reached.

In various descriptions of sequences of mental actions, the stage of the birth of the idea itself is skipped. As a rule, at a certain step a sentence is formulated that includes or implies the word “obviously...” Of course, it is obvious that if you move a polishing pad made of a piece of ice over the glass at any speed and intensity, the glass will not heat up. But it is not at all obvious that the polishing process will take place, and even with the required productivity and without deterioration in quality.

When working with the problem of a sorption column, it is not clear where the idea of using vibration comes from. The development of TS in the direction of using vibration to destroy microflows in the resin layer as a whole, in my opinion, is correct. But the requirement to coordinate the vibration mode with the natural frequency of the resin particles in order to move them in a horizontal plane and activate the particles for more complete sorption is completely unobvious in a positive sense. Obviously, for the latter it is necessary to move from the spectrum of sound (audible) frequencies to ultrasonic ones. And this can lead to the dispersion of particles and, in certain cases, to blocking the access of liquid into the pores of the resin particles (the effect of a goose out of water). Frequency harmonization in this context is premature. It is unclear where the need for horizontal movements of the resin comes from. The author writes “The essence of a physical contradiction is that it is necessary to change one of the physical processes while maintaining the action of others.” However, in the given formulation of the FP, the contradiction itself is not specific. And in the process of transition to a technical solution, the initial FP is not specified, it remains abstract. Therefore, it remains unclear which specific physical process needs to be changed, and which one should not only be preserved, but rather used in the right direction. This lack of specificity led the author to head-on resolution of the FP, and the activation went in another, in my opinion, harmful direction. But this does not mean that the idea of vibration as a whole is wrong, or, for example, that high frequencies cannot be applied. It's possible, just in a different version. Moreover, the emerging idea of using the natural frequencies of particles in this case speaks precisely of the solver’s own desire and it intuitively suggests the right direction. But in both the first and second tasks, in my opinion, wishful thinking is taken as reality.

In the problem of a sorption column, the author is helped in the correct orientation of the idea by what is called a case: there is no clearly visible PT. The formulation of the problem and the list of undesirable effects are presented as simply a statement of fact, without indicating any cause-and-effect relationships. And this is absolutely correct. In contrast, the formulation of the polishing pad problem contains this connection: “Given is a system of glass, a polishing pad and water with a suspension of abrasive powder. During rapid polishing, the glass under the polishing pad deteriorates from the heat.” An undesirable effect is formulated in the same spirit: overheating of the glass. Overheating of the glass is just a mark, an indicator from which you can start moving. This is the first door with which you don’t need to fight or pick up the keys, but simply open it. The preconceived primary formulation directs the solver to search for ways to eliminate the heating of the glass, which is accomplished brilliantly. However, this will not increase the shine of the glass. Translating an undesirable effect into an administrative contradiction (AP) does not help: "If you polish quickly, the glass will deteriorate due to heat." Such specification takes the solver even further away from the correct understanding of the essence of the PT. However, it (AP) also contributes to the process of idea generation. It pushes the inventor to a phase of denial, to the question: “Is this so?” But in the case under consideration this does not happen, but there is an endless movement along the triad TP - FP - AP. And even consistently obtaining more and more specific IFRs, in my opinion, does not solve the problem. The direction vector of the idea is still the same and, in the end, it finally rests on a piece of ice. This is because in the first IFR, which is more general, there is nevertheless a biased orientation: “The polishing pad itself eliminates the heat generated by quickly polishing the glass.”. The point is not that the orientation is incorrect, but that it takes the solver away from understanding the essence of polishing and, accordingly, from the specific final PT.

I think that at the heart of these wanderings lies a fuzzy separation and understanding of two different paths in the process in general. There is the path of the process of cognition and there is the path of the real process. That is, in the head and in the vehicle. In a general view, or strategic sense, these paths are opposite to each other. No matter how the researcher in his research tries to sit down on the real process and follow the course of its development (which is considered logical), all the same, in the end, by accident or less often intentionally, he will move to the beginning of the process under consideration and the primary objects, and only after that he will be able to get out for generalization. Simply put, a person goes from effect to cause. The real process goes from cause to effect. And every time at the first stage the effect is perceived as a cause. At the next step, the true (seemingly) reason appears. In fact, the first link in the chain and ramifications of cause-and-effect relationships simply appears. But the first step from the abstract to the concrete has been taken. It turns out that what was perceived as concrete was actually an abstraction. But the following concreteness, in the future, after its practical consumption, will turn out to be an abstraction. Thus, man in his knowledge moves from the abstract to the concrete, and nature from the concrete to the abstract (I am speaking in general). If I eat an apple, I know for sure that it came from a seed. But if I planted a seed, I do not have a 100% guarantee that after some time I will get an apple, and indeed whether an apple tree will appear at all. If there is a chicken in front of me, then I know for sure that it comes from an egg. But if I have an egg in my hands, then there is no absolute guarantee that a chicken will come from this egg. Otherwise development would not exist.

Why does a person know that an apple comes from a seed. He does not know this from the presence of a seed in the apple. So far, he simply spits it out, and sees the reason in the color, ovary, branches, trunk. Then he goes down to the root, but doesn’t see anything there either, but he makes some progress: seedlings and even cuttings appear, a set of facts continues. And only by chance, after thousands of years, will he suddenly notice that where he spat, a beautiful tree regularly grows. The circle closes, or rather, the first turn of the spiral appears. Now, having stuck a seed into the soil, he can make a forecast and dream about where he will place his rich harvest. Both will be rich if a person applies his accumulated store of acquired knowledge. Nature does not know what it will do in the next moment of time. Her movement is determined by the desire for freedom and that’s all. But the presence of connections between the elements of nature corrects the implementation of this desire. Man, being an element of nature, is at the same time different from his mother and, by studying the process, can make a forecast of a future fact.

For the purpose of forecasting, the initial position as the initial formulation of the problem must be completely freed from emotions and simply represent a statement of fact. This is the first emotional barrier to overcome. Why is it that quite often a creative person or an outsider can quickly find the right solution to a problem? They either do not perceive or are unaware of the traditional and seemingly self-evident connections and explanations of causes. First of all, they record the fact itself. Therefore, I complete the future combination of AP, TP, FP, IKR from the side of the initial position with Fact. On the other hand, I find out my own goal of the system, which I get from a more generalized position: the desire for freedom. Thus, I generate an initial target idea almost immediately. Moving from goal to fact, I fill the formed interval with algorithms of contradictions, and reach the final FP. An abstract situation with a fact turns into concreteness. Having unfolded my path, I receive a new fact with resolved contradictions. This paragraph was written straight away, so it is not formalized and strictly non-algorithmic, but I hope it gives an idea of the method of cognition used.

In the previous examples, the emerging contradiction was taken as a starting point and the potential “genetic” capabilities of the vehicle in question were found. That is, an undesirable effect and unrealized properties. At the same time, the idea arose immediately.

The first task (sorption column) and the sequence in the method proposed by Goryainov will have to be quoted in some detail, otherwise, even though the final results are similar, it will not be clear what their difference is.

“The sorption column is designed for ion-exchange separation of substances - a process that consists in the fact that a synthetic polymer resin selectively absorbs ions of one type from a solution, releasing ions of another type into the solution, previously associated with its functional groups, i.e. it exchanges ions in the solution After the resin capacity is exhausted, i.e. all functional groups of the resin are filled with replaced ions, the latter are desorption by passing a reagent solution through the resin that can displace the sorbed ions and convert the resin to its original state. The column is a vertical cylindrical apparatus filled. synthetic resin granules with a diameter of 3-4 mm.

The technological process is as follows: the solution to be separated is passed through the column from above until the resin is saturated, washed with clean water to remove the initial solution, desorption - regeneration of the resin is carried out, passing the reagent solution, washed with water and the next cycle begins. The operation of one portion of resin usually lasts several months, during which time hundreds of sorption-desorption cycles occur.

Despite the fact that the design of sorption columns is simple, and the technological process has not changed for more than 40 years, it has many disadvantages:

The resin cakes, stagnant zones appear in which ion exchange does not occur;

The liquid flow is uneven across the cross section of the column; in places where resistance decreases, narrow preferential flows of solution that do not interact with the resin are formed; “During the period of operation, the resin is crushed, and inactive material accumulates.”

When searching for a fundamental possible solution, one takes “Formulation of a fundamental solution (similar to IKR): “The problem of the sorption column will be solved if we organize an absolutely uniform flow of the solution around the resin particles.”

“As a rule, decisions at different levels give unequal results: - at the “To Converter” level

The solution is the most drastic. It is able to completely eliminate the harmful phenomenon by eliminating the EC containing the harmful process;

A solution at the “Tool” level is usually easy to implement, since a tool is the most easily changed real element;

The solution at the “Into the product” level is usually the most difficult, since the problem arises precisely in the case when a deadlock situation was created at this node”...

... "1. Level "B converter". The problem is solved if uniform distribution of the ion exchange resin is ensured in the cross section of the column (see diagram 4)

The solution is to distribute the resin evenly across the cross section of the column.

Analysis of possible ways to improve:

1). Strengthen or weaken the effect. It is advisable to relieve the compression of the resin by weight forces.

2). Change the spatial structure of the action. There are two possible solutions: either continuous mixing of the resin, creating a “chaos” structure, or keeping the resin particles in space at a given distance from each other.

3). Change the time structure of an action. Eliminate caking by periodically rhythmically shaking the resin grains, for example, vibration.

4). Dynamize. It is possible to shake resin grains that have not yet absorbed the material at the natural frequency of vibration. This will make the “hungry” grains more active.

2. Level "Into the instrument". The problem can be solved if equality of microflows of solution in the cross section of the column is ensured.

The solution is to ensure equality of microflows in the cross section of the column "... Access to horizontally directed vibrations for horizontal movements of the resin (my comment)

... "Path of practical implementation: Create a forced destruction of microflows in the resin layer in the column, use vibrations directed horizontally at several levels of the column in height. The vibration mode should be coordinated with the natural frequency of the resin particles so that the particle itself moves in the horizontal plane."

3. Level "Into product". The problem can be solved if a uniform distribution of solution flow rates across the cross section of the column is ensured.

The solution is to ensure uniform distribution of costs across the cross section of the column.

Analysis of possible ways to improve action:

1) Strengthen or weaken the effect. You can increase the flow rate of the solution by working at strong flows. Create a column of small cross-section but long length, a multi-sectional column.

2) Change the spatial structure of the action. In the existing column, the distribution of preferential flows across the cross section is chaotic. It is possible to create a special structure of evenly spaced zones of low resistance, provoking the formation of preferential flows evenly across the cross section.

3) Change the time structure of the action. Periodically it is necessary to restore the specified structure of the resin layer. This can be achieved by vibration.

4) Dynamize. The vibrations must be coordinated.

Way of practical implementation: Create a forced destruction of microflows in the resin layer in the column, use vibrations directed horizontally at several levels of the column in height. The vibration mode should be coordinated with the natural frequency of the resin particles so that the particle itself moves in the horizontal plane."

Based on these three levels, L.G. Goryainov comes to a technical solution.

"5.5. TECHNICAL SOLUTION

Use the tendency of the granular layer to form predominantly solution flows, specially create evenly spaced zones of low resistance along the cross section of the column, thereby provoking the flow of the solution according to a given pattern; periodically carry out vibration, restoring the given pattern of resistance to the flow of the solution.

The technical solution must make full or partial use of the fundamental solution, taking into account the available resources.

5.5.1. LEVEL "TO CONVERTER"

A sorption column including a vertical container, distributors of solution flows at the inlet and outlet of the column and an ion-exchange sorption resin, characterized in that:

1) In order to eliminate the formation of preferential flows of solution in the resin layer, a bottom vibrator with directed vibrations upward, along the axis of the column, was installed.

2) In order to intensify the work of the ion exchange resin, vibration is frequency matched with the natural frequency of vibration of the resin grains that have not yet absorbed.

5.5.2. LEVEL "IN TOOL"

Sorption column, and distributors of solution flows at the inlet and outlet, characterized in that:

1) In order to destroy and rebuild microflows in the resin layer, several belts of radial blades are installed in the tank, mounted on a common shaft, through which vibrations in the horizontal plane are transmitted to the blades.

2) In order to increase the efficiency of destruction of caked resin layers, the vibration frequency of the blades is coordinated with the natural frequency of the ion-exchange resin grains.

3) In order to reduce the pressure of the upper layers of resin, the vibrating blades should be slightly turned upward.

5.5.3. LEVEL "IN PRODUCT"

Sorption column, characterized in that:

1) For the purpose of forced distribution of the solution over the cross section, vertical smooth-bore hangers, for example, metal rods, are installed evenly across the cross-section of the column.

2) In order to periodically shake the resin, a vibrator is installed on the column cover, which is turned on periodically.

3) In order for the hangers to work effectively, they must be rigidly fixed to the vibrating column cover, and the lower end must hang freely into the resin layer.

4) For the purpose of efficient operation of the suspensions, the vibration frequency of the vibrator is consistent with the natural frequency of the suspensions."

The initial position has been formulated, so we will immediately determine the purpose of the system and obtain a general formulation of the idea. Already the first undesirable effect: “the resin cakes, stagnant zones appear in which ion exchange does not occur” immediately gives an idea. What does the resin strive for? The answer is to a denser packing of particles (granules). The highest density of a bulk substance is the density after shaking. It is measured using vibration in the audio (audible) range. Idea: vibration is needed. At this stage, I don’t at all burden myself with the question of why this is needed? The system needs this, and I am the executor of its desires.

At the next stage, we will consider the resulting idea. The resin in the column consists of particles in the form of granules or more broadly: bulk solids. One of the main properties characterizing the granular state is apparent density, which is closely related to granulometry. This density, in turn, can be in at least two opposite states. Bulk density and density after shaking. You can take it even wider and then the lowest apparent density will be the density of the freely poured powder (granules). Bulk density is determined according to certain regulations. For example: a bulk substance is poured into a known container (glass) through a funnel of a certain diameter. The resulting slide is removed with a bar (ruler). The ratio of mass to volume gives the bulk density. To determine the density after shaking, the glass is fixed to a laboratory vibrating table. When vibration is applied, the bulk substance (material) shrinks before our eyes. The shaking density is the closest to the theoretically calculated value of dense packing of particles. Thus, resin granule caking from a dynamic point of view indicates a desire for denser, evenly distributed packing. And from the point of view of hydraulic resistance, to its maximum possible uniform distribution throughout the entire volume and, accordingly, the maximum possible theoretically and practically uniform distribution of flows across the cross section of the column. If the resin is in this state, we will have relatively good sorption, but low productivity. This can be recorded as a contradiction between the quality of sorption and productivity.

The granules are in a liquid medium, and the floating effect occurs. Therefore, in addition to the action of the washing flow (with a lateral component) and the action of gravity, which generally cause the granules to tend to be densely packed, the Archimedes force acts, directed upward and again with a lateral component. Lateral components appear as a consequence of at least the geometry of the granules and the presence of contacts between granules. The effect of ascent under these conditions is the main cause of lateral displacements and the formation of local ducts. This unevenness in turn creates caking zones. It should be noted that, in contrast to the use of “horizontally directed vibrations,” I am still talking about lateral displacements of the resin. We have an algorithm for the development of events (actions)

Washing a Surfacing a side. displacement a flow => localization = caking.

Algorithm of objects (subjects) of action.

Flow a unstable granule a displaced granule a microflow => flow = aggregate.

Objects can be separated, but this is not necessary. It is important that it is clarified how the flow is transformed into channels, and free granules form caking aggregates and interaggregate channels.

If gas passed through instead of liquid, then the granules would be in a static state, and caking would manifest itself in the tendency of the granules to be densely packed in a different way. By forming more dense contacts between granules, to fusion and agglomeration. This would not lead to uneven flow distribution, but simply to an increase in resistance. But this static direction will also appear below.

Thus, to begin with, we have two impulses. On the one hand, the granules tend to be more densely packed, on the other, on the contrary, they tend to be looser. Following the already tested rule, we apply vibration in combination with shaking directed downwards. When shaking (pushing) downwards, two forces are included in the loosening: the inertia of the granules and the lifting force. Thus, we get the other end of the contradiction: high productivity, but insufficient sorption. From here, technically, the question comes down to optimizing two actions: vibration and shaking. In other words, a dynamic but chaotic granule-liquid system, with simultaneous processes leading to loosening and caking, turns into an ordered system due to the separation of these processes in time. Probably, with the help of laboratory modeling, it is necessary to clarify how the directed and selected fluid flows should be coordinated and adjusted. Most likely, when shaking, you need to fill the column with liquid as much as possible. (By the way, resolving the contradiction in time is the next barrier that stands in the way of the inventor, and it is the first in relation to resolving the contradiction in space).

The most suitable design of a vibrator-shaker would probably be a device in the form of a lightweight auger, which has an inclined plane (planes, blades) and the ability to move up and sharply down. It is also a waveguide for transmitting vibrations in the same directions, that is, up and down. Vibration to compact, upward movement to achieve downward shaking, shaking itself to loosen. Inclined planes for lateral movements of resin granules. That is, inclined planes perform the main function, since from the point of view of the real process, lateral movements are the main reason. In the presence of a primary movement (directed upward, Archimedes' force) and a secondary one (directed downward, gravity), it creates the main contradiction, leading to uneven distribution of particles and, accordingly, to the formation of ducts and caking. Forced movement in the horizontal direction by means of horizontally directed vibrations, which Goryaninov comes to, in combination with a “matched” frequency, firstly, is difficult to implement, and secondly, it leads to vertical leaks and, in combination with a “matched” frequency, to the dispersion of particles. In the case of using inclined planes with vertically directed vibration of the sound (audible) range, the granules move (flow) “by themselves”. Thus, the lateral movement of granules and the layer as a whole against the background of the transition from a less dense to a more dense layer structure eliminates unevenness in the distribution of granules and, accordingly, maintains a uniform distribution of microflows, without the formation of local ducts. The same auger allows you to return to the beginning of the process: lift the mass of resin and, sharply shaking it down, loosen it, that is, bring it to its initial state. I admit that under conditions of vibrational flow of resin layers, it is possible to move them upward by rotating the screw. It would be a perfect picture. But every idea requires a test. Invention and experiment (the simplest) are an inseparable pair.

It is interesting to note that Goryainov gives the vertically located blades a slight slope, more correctly creating a steep slope. But it does it "in order to reduce the pressure of the upper layers of resin" and does not yet see the true reason for applying the tilt that the system requires. While the slope in his installation acts as a hint of slope. This reverse order of things is a characteristic feature when predicting the goals of the system using “my” method. During the search process, the researcher can repeatedly touch or collide head-on with the manifestation of the desired idea, but at the same time, showing miracles of logical resourcefulness, he goes aside for the next round. There are also probably moments in my text where the subconscious was unable to reach the level of consciousness. Goryainov’s text contains a whole series of words and sentences, which I accept, but add different content. That’s why I’m laying out Goryainov’s text in such detail, in parallel. The reader can make his own comparisons.

If you look at the resulting coordinated system as a whole, it works like a double pump. During vibration, the resin mass is compacted and liquid is squeezed out of the pore space; when shaken, the resin is loosened and the pore space is filled again. At the same time, when the auger is lifted (before shaking), the liquid flows or is pressed from top to bottom, so, by the way, special sharpness in shaking is not necessary. What to focus on is a matter for specialists. It is quite possible that forced squeezing can be used to wash out fines.

As a result, the use of the unwanted effect of caking along the path of its unfolding and self-realization led to the idea of vibration. Expanding on this idea in combination with the use of a second undesirable effect (the formation of ducts) gave rise to the idea of shaking. Analysis of these ideas helped to reveal the essence of the process leading to the formation of ducts, caking, and put forward the next idea. As a regulator of the optimal pore space, use the operating cycle of the resin transition from a looser to a denser distribution of resin granules in a liquid medium. This idea led to the idea of constructing and coordinating its operation with the fluid supply. And the construct itself, in combination with the analysis, supplemented and completed the resolution of the main contradiction in the system: the chaotic lateral displacements of the granules were transformed into an ordered movement along an inclined plane towards the maximum possible uniform distribution of granules and, accordingly, the maximum possible uniform distribution of microflows throughout the body of the granular layer. Probably, the issue of removing the fine-grained fraction has been resolved along the way. Although in our case it doesn’t really interfere. Thus, the dynamic system operates in a continuous cyclic mode from the state when the ducts have not yet formed (highest productivity) to the state of the maximum possible uniform flow distribution (lowest productivity), bypassing the stage of duct formation.

As you can see, the initial maternal idea arises immediately and then the process of generating subsequent ideas proceeds naturally. An antipode appears, they (ideas) come into interaction, giving birth to everything else. There is no rush to use one or the other here. Moreover, the author does not set a goal to eliminate the ducts and does not attempt to influence them. The flows here are a consequence; they are simply a mark or indicator that shows the direction to the cause: to the properties and, accordingly, the behavior of the bulk material. Rivers do not form the banks, but the banks form the river and channels. The geometric and dynamic characteristics of the river, being a reflection, indicate the geometric and physical-mechanical properties of the landscape. In our case, resins. At the same time, from the point of view of further development, the system is not closed. You can go further in your search. In particular, the following direction appears: selection of granules of a certain granular composition. That is, determining the optimal distribution curve of the resin granular composition to create the optimal pore space.

“Let us formulate the physical contradiction in a form familiar to ARIZ: (03) the cross section of the column, including the resin and the moving solution, in (OB) during the entire period of operation must have equal hydraulic resistance so that the solution flows around each resin particle at the same speed, and must have different hydraulic resistance, since in the granular layer the solution will still flow along the line of least resistance.

IKR: (03) the section of the column, including the resin and the moving solution, in (O) the entire period of operation must itself provide equal and different hydraulic resistance."

When searching for a fundamental possible solution, the “Formulation of a fundamental solution (similar to IFR) is taken: “The problem of the sorption column will be solved if we organize an absolutely uniform flow of the solution around the resin particles.”

The reader can compare the end results and may well see that these three settings can be carried out and read from completely different points of view. You can read “as if,” abstractly, and you can read literally, concretely, that is, go all the way from abstract to concrete. This movement is the essence of the method used.

The second direction, which follows from the conditions of the problem, will require a radical transformation. Let's look at caking from a static point of view. Same question again. What does the resin and its granules tend to achieve when caking? The answer has already been stated earlier: to compaction through the formation of tighter contacts between granules, to fusion and agglomeration. Let's say it in more detail. At the geometry level, this is compaction (shrinkage). At the mechanical level - hardening. At the physics level - diffusion. Accordingly, from a technological point of view: touching-bringing together, compression, sintering or foaming, in our case while maintaining the open-porous structure. Hence the idea. The granules must be brought into a stable state by sintering or foaming. We have already passed the geometric and mechanical paths.

In this case, you can turn to what you have learned as an analogy. In the first technical solution idea, the system works like a pump. But a separate granule works the same way. During sorption, not only the surface works, but also the pores of the granules, and swelling occurs. After ion exchange, you need to squeeze out the finished product (liquid). Being in a free state or in conditions of decreasing surrounding liquid, this process occurs naturally, since an incompletely cross-linked granule has the properties of jelly. It swells in liquid and shrinks without liquid. These are her own aspirations. Therefore, to improve the quality of sorption and increase productivity, it is necessary to intensify this process. Partly at the level of the granular layer as a body, we have already done this by loosening and compacting the swelling resin by shaking and vibration, respectively, in the infrasound and sound intervals. Now that the granules are agglomerated by sintering or foaming, there is no need to worry about dispersion and higher frequencies from the ultrasonic range can be used.

Such an idea for its implementation will require the introduction of ultrasonic waveguides, although it is quite possible that it is possible to make do with the existing ones and place sintered (foamed) resin plates in the inter-blade space. This is a kind of analogy to a plate-shaped distillation column, where it is proposed to use porous sheets of resin as plates, but spiral-shaped, that is, having an inclination (to increase the liquid path). Thus, we have come close to the capillary ultrasonic effect. In a liquid environment, ultrasound forces liquid into the pores. The opposite effect occurs if the porous material is saturated with liquid, it is in a gaseous or liquid-depleted environment and vibrations are imparted to it. The liquid flies out instantly. That is, depending on the distribution of the s/l or l/s phases, sorption can be controlled. By the way, the developers of the ultrasonic washing machine just don’t have enough drying coupled with ironing. Then it would be possible to raise the price and increase demand.

Now, if you look at the progress of the presented path, then it is not difficult, I hope, to see that we have consistently moved deeper into the process in accordance with the method "from abstract to concrete" from time to time, turning over what was found during the actual process. From a geometric and verbal image to a physical essence and, vice versa: from a physical essence to the geometry of a construct and a description of the operating principle. Isolating new ideas, the process proceeded on its own, without any brainstorming or trial and error. I agree that this text is quite difficult to read. It would be simple and clear if I started with ultrasound, that is, I would proceed in the reverse order, from the granule pump to the column pump. Then the ideas would be clear, everything would be logical, but it would be impossible in principle to understand or guess how they were obtained. I think that many have encountered the fact that after writing an article, especially in a fit of creative imagination, they then began rearranging paragraphs according to the bottom-up principle. Previously, printed text was handled with scissors, now it is done on a computer: “cut”, “paste”.

Using the same method and clarifying the purpose of the system, you can solve the problem of the ice polishing pad. We can say in advance that the applied move “from the concrete” led to the mixing and non-separation of two directly opposite processes: polishing and grinding. In the end, the search led to an abstraction, to an imaginary, unstable system that could not be used for grinding or polishing. Therefore, I think that this issue must be considered.

YARTSEVSKY INDUSTRIAL TECHNICAL SCHOOL
EXTRA-CLASSROOM ACTIVITY:
"PHYSICS B"
HIKE"
DEVELOPED: Physics teacher
Prokhorenkova O.A.

Purpose of the event: Show the connection between physics and various
natural phenomena that answer momentary questions,
arising in life, everyday life, in nature, etc., can be
are given only on the basis of knowledge of physical phenomena and
patterns;
“Include” students during an active hike
mental work;
Give an intellectual flavor to tourist trips,
going out into nature, filling rest stops, hours of rest and
outdoor games with interesting tasks related to
physics;
Teach to see physics in the world around us;
Developing a sense of camaraderie, mutual assistance,
competition, responsibility, cognitive interest;
Fostering a culture of communication, rules of conduct on a hike,
environmental education.
Objectives of the event: Review basic physical
concepts, formulas, laws and phenomena in their immediate
manifestation in nature, show the organic connection of the theory
and practice.
Methods: Verbal, visual, practical, active,
stimulating, encouraging.
Logistics: Traveling
equipment, inventory, improvised means, dishes, prizes,
paper, pens, calculator.

Literature:
1. M. E. Tulchinsky “Quality tasks in physics.”
Moscow, Dedication, 1972.
2. S. A. Tikhomirova “Physics in proverbs, riddles, and
fairy tales", Moscow, School press, 2002.
3. S. A. Tikhomirova “Didactic materials on
Physics", Moscow, School Press", 2003.
4. V. I. Elikin, L. D. Garmash “Physics and astronomy in
hiking and outdoors", Moscow, School Press, 2003.
5. Journals “Physics at school” No. 3 1997, No. 6 2001.
Brief guidelines
Many years of tourism have shown that this is
hugely effective and still little used
source of opportunities for knowledge of the environment
peace and human education. In the forest, by the river, by the fire
nature powerfully invades the life of a tourist, his soul
and the heart, subject to its laws. And everyone first
intuitively, and then consciously comes to the conclusion that
knowledge of the laws of nature is necessary.
A hike is a space for observation, active
mental work, this is space for communication,
organizing competitions, quizzes, productions
experiments and experiences.
Work experience allows us to assert that on hikes
students learn and apply the laws of physics with
more efficient than at a desk, since
They clearly feel the “action” of these laws of nature on
to yourself.
The content of this event is designed for
two-day hike with one overnight stay. Tourist
The group is divided into three teams, each of which

functions as a single unit throughout
campaign, that is, not only takes part in competitions,
but also participates in all everyday affairs of camp life.
Thus, the winning team is determined by
at the end of the trip, where the effective
team participation at all stages.
Intellectual competitions and outdoor games
it is necessary to rationally alternate in order to change
types of activities.
In order for the event to be completed
character is recommended for students at the end of the hike
offer to do optional homework.
Explanations for the event
Physics through the eyes of a tourist
1. A tourist should remain in wet clothes for a long time and
Wet shoes are dangerous: you can easily catch a cold.
Why?
2. Explain why, if our hands are frozen in the cold, we
blow on them to keep warm? And sometimes we blow on them
in summer. Why and what does this give?
3. From a person’s lungs when leaving along with air
Water vapor is always released. Why do we see
Is it only in winter or in very cold autumn?
4. Why tourists should not leave outside in winter
water in a glass bottle?
5. What is the temperature of the puddle in which the ice floats?
6. Place your palms so that they are illuminated by the sun
rays: remember the sensations. Now wet your palms
water and place it in the sun again.
Compare your feelings. How do you explain them?
7. You see a tractor in the distance. How do you determine if it is moving?
is he or is he worth it?

8. Are there “points” on the body of a walking tourist?
(name them) that move: A) progressively. B)
rotationally. B) oscillatory.
9. How, when approaching the railway track, in a simple way,
based on knowledge of physics, learn about the approach
trains?
What time of year are the electrical wires on?
the pillars along the road sag more, why?
Why did an experienced tourist take a white one on a summer hike?
Panama?
from the mountain?
boiling water?
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Why is it so much harder to walk uphill on a road than
Why is it impossible to cook meat high in the mountains even in
Why does it hurt to walk barefoot on mown grass?
Why is there fog in the meadow after sunset?
forms first in lowlands?
How to explain the spread in quiet
the air smells of meadow flowers, mown grass,
smoke?
Why is the man coming out of the water after
17.
bathing, feels cold, and this feeling is especially
in very windy weather?
Approaching the river, one of the tourists shouted loudly.
18.
After 5 s he heard an echo from the opposite
wooded shore. What is the distance to it? (Speed
sound is considered equal to 331 m/s)
Tourists left their bad clothes on the beach
19.
inflated volleyball ball. And for a while he
lay under the rays of the sun. At the same time, he became so swollen,
as if he had been pumped up. Explain what happened.
Why is there sand on the beach on a hot sunny day?
20.
does it get hotter than water? And at night it's colder
water?

21.
Travelers on a hot summer sunny day
decided to take a break. Where is the best place to sit?
rest: on a stone or on the ground? Why?
22.
Why is it difficult to chop wood directly on
earth?
Why is it so important when working with an ax and knife?
sharpen them well?
An axe, with a long or short handle
Is it easier to chop wood?
How to explain the action of a pipette? Syringe?
How to explain the “sucking” action of blood
the bandage that the attendants used to bandage a cut finger?
The attendants need to bring dry wood for the fire.
By what physical characteristics can you distinguish dry
raw wood?
Where is the best place to string a drying line?
washed clothes?
Which water, warm or cold, is better to drink with?
medicine so that it is absorbed faster?
How to keep milk cold in extreme heat?
Which water, hot or cold is better?
Soak peas for cooking soup so that it swells faster?
Does the water in the “tubes” of cooking pasta boil?
How to explain that if you cook porridge, for example
32.
33.
pearl barley, over high heat in a closed pot
lid, then when the lid is removed, it is from the inside
“strewn” with stuck grains?
Why is it recommended to salt boiled potatoes?
not right away, but when it’s almost ready?
Why does butter foam when you want it?
melt in a frying pan?
To prepare crackers, bread is sliced
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
34.
35.
36.
thin slices or cubes. Why?
What role do salt and sugar play in
37.
canning?

or aluminum?
Why?
Which soup will cool faster: fatty or lean?
39.
40.
41.
42.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
38.
Explain in physical language what is happening,
when we “strike” a match on a box. Why a match
lights up? A match can be lit by touching it
head to the fire. Are the methods of change the same?
match energy in both cases?
The heat of combustion of birch firewood is greater than
pine. How do you understand this expression?
Why does water extinguish the fire?
In which pot, open or closed, is there water?
does it boil faster?
Hot tea was left in a pot by the fire. Until what time
temperature it will cool down if the fire stops
throw firewood?
Which spoon is better to eat: wooden, steel?
43.
The tourist leaves nothing on his plate, sauce and
he picks up the gravy with bread crumbs. Why should he
does this work?
For lunch they distributed crackers instead of bread. That also happens
always on a long journey. Why tourists instead of bread
do they take crackers? What physical phenomena lie behind
basis for making bread crumbs?
Why do dew and fog form? Why after
Is there a lot of dew on a hot day?
What force causes raindrops to move towards
earth?
Having been caught in the rain, the tourists got pretty wet and
hung wet clothes on clotheslines. But by morning they are not
dried up. Why?
Where you need to, it seems, wait out the thunderstorm if it
50.
caught you: in the forest, on a mountain or on a hill, while swimming
in a pond?

51.
52.
Why does a mosquito squeak and a fly buzz?
How to determine if you see a bee flying?
Is she after the prey or is she returning to the hive with it?
Why do many animals sleep in cold weather?
53.
curled up in a ball?
54.
Why do water striders calmly move around?
surface of the reservoir?
Explain the meaning of the saying “Water is off a duck’s back” and
expression "Wet chicken".
What physical processes are involved in breathing?
55.
56.
57.
58.
fish?
Why does a dog stick out its tongue in extreme heat?
Why do they think that if they are clearly visible in the sky
Explain the sayings from the point of view of physics:
stars, then the night will be cold?
59.
 The dry spoon is tearing up your mouth.
 Goes like clockwork.
 It creaks like an unoiled cart.
 Slippery like burbot.
 Mow while there is dew.
Look at all the flora and fauna around you and
select examples of different types from what you see
mechanical movement.
Observe the flight of birds: what they “do” with
with your paws? How to explain this?
Look closely at how a caterpillar crawls along a leaf of a tree. A
now explain the way she moves from the position
physics.
Bend a tree branch. What kind of deformations do you think
appeared on its outer and inner surfaces?
Look at the aspen leaf. What kind of movement are they
commit and why do they tremble?

Listen to the noise of the trees. Why are they making noise?
What is the nature of these sounds.
Puzzles
 From prison one hundred sisters
Released into the open
They take them carefully
Rubbing my head against the wall,
They strike deftly once and twice -
Your head will light up. ………(Matches)
 We put firewood in it
Then he highlights
Lots of light and warmth.
And the food is being prepared. ……….(Bonfire)
 What is not visible from the fire, but everyone needs?......(Warmth)
 Sat down in the heat
Steam from the nose. ………..(Kettle)
 Small scoop
Dear friend to everyone,
They take it three times a day,
Then they put it back in place. ……..(Spoon)
 I am small and remote.
It's worth looking at me
I'll show you the way right away. ……….(Compos)
 You are behind her, she is away from you,
You are from her, she is behind you. ……(Shadow)
 Who, without studying, speaks all languages? …….(Echo)
 It pours into it, it pours out of it,
She trudges along the ground on her own. ……..(River)
 It curls around the nose, but cannot be picked up by hands. ……(Smell)
 Warms in winter, smolders in spring,
It dies in the summer and comes back to life in the fall. …….(Snow)
 If you put it in the oven, it will get wet,
If you put it in water, it will dry out. …….(Candle)

 In the evening it flies to the ground,
Night remains on earth,
In the morning it flies away again. …..(Dew)
 Come on, grab a handful of it
Can't hold it in a handful. …….(Water)
 Who doesn’t see me?
But everyone hears
And everyone can see my companion,
But no one hears. ……(Thunder, lightning)
 Shirts on the street, but sleeves in the hut. ….(Solar
rays)
 When is the sky lower than the earth? ……(When
reflected in the pond)
 A painted yoke hung across the river. ….
(Rainbow)
 Without a head, but with horns. …..(Month)
 What is visible only at night? ……(Stars)
 There are fireflies in the blue sky,
You won't be able to reach them,
And one big firefly,
Curved like a worm. ……(Stars, month)
Proverbs
1. What physical phenomenon (concept, law)
says the proverb?
2. What is its physical meaning?
3. Is the proverb true from a physics point of view?
4. What is its everyday meaning?
Mechanics
 Run if you have to, but don’t fall flat on your face.
 You can’t move a stone alone, but an artel can move mountains
you will pick it up.
 Things went like clockwork.
 The plow shines from work.
 Ten are pulled uphill, downhill and one is pushed.
 A large tail is difficult to swing.
 You can’t get away with one wheel.
 A light hammer cannot be used to hammer a nail.

Hydro - aerostatics (dynamics)
 Even a small pebble will not float if it falls into
water.
 Water always flows down, smoke always rises
up.
 Only bubbles float well.
 The wind blows, winnows the grain.
 Beware of a quiet dog and quiet water.
Oscillations and waves
 Just as you don’t swing a swing, the time will come to stop.
 You can hear which string is broken by the sound.
 Whatever you click in the forest, that’s how it will respond.
 An empty barrel makes a lot of noise.
 You can’t cover your ears from strong thunder.
 If you don't beat the drum, it won't make a sound.
 A bat can see in the dark.
Molecular physics
 A fly in the ointment.
 Friendship is like glass: if you break it, you won’t be able to put it back together.
 There is a salty rope on the bag of salt.
 He ran towards the smell of meat, thought pilaf, but came running and looked:
donkeys are branded.
Heat and work
 Snow is a blanket for wheat.
 Wind is a helper to fire.
 If the poker is long, you won’t burn your hands.
 No matter how hot the water is, it will not burn down the house.
 I would ask the goose if his feet were cold.
 Don’t write off eating hot porridge from the middle, but take
calmly on the edge.

MCT of vapors, liquids and solids
 You will recognize the approach of winter by the frost, the approach of summer
in the rain.
 The salt marsh does not turn green, the fool does not grow wiser.
 The fog eats up the snow.
 Water has a flexible back.
 Flows like tar in the cold.
 You can’t paint a picture on water.
 Evil and good are like water and oil: they cannot mix.
 Talk to him about carrying water in a sieve.
 The less a tree bends, the easier it breaks.
 From a young person, like from wax: you can mold what you want.
 A roost with too many chickens on it collapses.
Team competition
1. Packing the backpack
“Is your backpack friend or foe?”
Packing a backpack is a “fusion” of science and art. Stacked
the shape of the backpack should be flat and high, the side
it, adjacent to the back, should be as accurately as possible
repeat the shape of the back, because in this case the pressure
there will be significantly less backpack on your back thanks to
greater support (P=F/S).
For the same reason, the backpack straps should be wide, and
It is desirable to have a semi-rigid belt at waist level.
The center of gravity of the backpack should be as close as possible
to the back at the level of the shoulder blades, that is, as close as possible to
vertical line passing through the biological center
the gravity of a person.

When packing a backpack, heavy things should be placed as
as close to the back as possible, and light equipment at its greatest
away from her.
2. By the fire
It's always nice to sit by the fire, the fire of which
disposed to conversation. You can talk about anything and everything
including the phenomena that we became familiar with at
physics lessons.
Lighting a fire is also a science. Need to collect
suitable firewood, stack it correctly and finally
light it using a minimum number of matches. And if
the matches are damp, or they were completely forgotten, what to do in
this situation? How can you make fire?
1. Using solar radiation and magnifying
glass, that is, a plane-convex lens. Need a lens
position it so that some of the sun's rays
walked through it and focused on easily
flammable material: paper, moss, hay, etc.
(This method is based on the ability
converging lens to focus rays at one point
and concentrate radiation energy in it.)
2. Hitting a piece of metal on silicon creates a spark.
directed towards flammable material.
3. Fire is created by rubbing a dry stick on wood.
(2 and 3 methods are based on the transition of mechanical
work in heat.)
3. Meals during the hike

The life and activity of the human body is connected with
continuous energy expenditure. These costs
consist of costs based on metabolism (then
is to maintain existence and functioning
body), for work and rest.
Any energy expenditure both in everyday life and in
the hike requires restoration. Required amount
The body receives energy from eating,
processing of organic substances contained in it:
proteins, fats, carbohydrates. Food is a kind of fuel,
supporting the vital activity and functioning of the body
person. But different foods have different energy levels
value, just as different fuels have different
heat of combustion: that is, burning in the body, 100 g of different
food releases different amounts of energy.
Dependence of energy costs on
type of tourism and category of complexity
hike (per person per day)

Type of tourism
Coefficient
nt
difficulties
Energy costs for different categories
difficulties. kJ
Lowest
Average
and I
1
Higher
2
3
4
5
Pedestrian
1,0
Water
0,8 – 0,9
Ski
Mountain
1,2
1.3
12
990
10
391
15
587
16
886
14 246 15
503
11 397 12
151
17 095 18
436
18 520 20
154
17 180
18 855
15 461
16 970
20 615
22 626
22 333
24 512
Energy consumption at different
types of activities and recreation (per 1 kg
body weight)
Cost type
Walking on a flat road with
speed:
4.2 km/h
6 km/h
8 km/h
Walking uphill on a slope with
speed:
2 km/h
Amount of energy consumption
(kJ)
13,4
18,85
41,9
26,9

Running on a flat road
speed:
9 km/h
Swimming speed:
10 m/min
Dream
Rest lying down without sleep
37,7
2,57
3,5
4,6
The main source of energy in food is carbohydrates. They give
up to 70-75% of required energy, proportion of proteins and fats
is 25-30%. They are mainly used
for the construction of new cells and the production of enzymes. IN
foods fats, proteins and carbohydrates should
is in the ratio 1:1:4.
Energy value and composition
staple food
Name
product
Rye bread
Wheat bread
Crackers
Digestible part
per 100 g
product in
grams
Bread products
5 1
42
7 0,4
Proteins, fats,
carbohydrates
Energy
value (kJ)
855
909
1425

Caramel
Chocolate
Jam
Carrot
Beet
Potato
Sweet
71

83
5 27
62
0,3
62
Vegetables
13
55
7
54
6
72
1676
1383
2154
1048
1131
1039
1320
The body requires maintaining an energy balance:
equality of energy consumption and amount of energy,
entering it with food. Knowing the energy costs
or another section of the route, you can use the following
tables to plan your diet: it
energy value (calorie content, composition and mass)
How to plan meals on a hike?
First of all, they create an energy equation
balance.
Take into account that normal food should be hot
and three times a day, i.e., consist of breakfast, lunch and dinner.

About 3 hours between breakfast and lunch, you can
make a “snack”, the energy value of which
should be 10% of the daily diet.
Now, knowing how to properly plan meals in
On a hike, you need to create a diet for the day according to the following scheme:
30%+10%+20%.
4. Your travel mug
When camping, every little thing is important, like a mug. How
Can a tourist do without it? But which mug to take with you to
hike? Of course, durable and light. Everyone knows what this is
material like glass is fragile, metals are stronger, and
plastics are lighter. Which mug should I take? What
you need to make sure that the aluminum mug does not burn
hands? How to make an unbreakable thermos mug?
5. Who will throw the pebble higher?
The pebbles should be approximately equal in mass and volume.
How will the judge determine whose pebble has risen to the highest level?
height?
6. Determine the average speed
ant
7. Follow your path and movement
There were 2 each, but they lay on the same line.
8. Take out the potato
In a mug filled with water on top, at the bottom lies
potato. Get her out. Tilt and move the mug
You can’t use foreign objects either
it is forbidden.

9. Thermal conductivity
Prove, using available materials, that
Terev's thermal conductivity is poor, while aluminum's is good.
10. Prepare jelly
You have a pot with a capacity of 4 liters and a ten-liter
bucket. How to use these items to pour into a pot 2
liter of water for making jelly?
11. Keep warm
Think of ways to keep lunch hot until...
arrival of the group if the wood has run out.
12. Egg
How can you tell if an egg is raw or not without breaking the shell?
boiled? Why?
13. Drown the bottle
An empty plastic bottle must be drowned in water.
How to do it?
14. Make a filter
Make a filter for water purification from natural
materials: pebbles or pebbles of different sizes or
sand, empty plastic bottle, gauze
Demonstrate it in action.
15. Make a beaker

Using a half-liter jar and a 200 gram glass
make a beaker with a division price out of a plastic bottle
100 g.

When condensation forms on a pipe for the outflow of flue gases, the chimney is said to be “flowing” or “crying.” Condensate in this case is water that has settled on the surface of the pipe due to the large temperature difference between the air and the material of the smoke channel. The appearance of drops and drips is possible both outside the chimney and inside it. When condensation forms on the inside, water collects in streams and rolls into the firebox along with soot and tar.

Water flows through a pipe outside

If streaks form on the outer surface of the chimney, this means that the pipe has a significantly higher temperature than the air in the room. This difference leads to the appearance of water droplets on the walls of the channel as a result of condensation of steam from the air. The transition of water from a gaseous state to a liquid state is inevitable at a certain degree of air humidity and a sufficiently heated pipe.

There are two ways out of this situation. The first is to reduce the air humidity in the room where the chimney passes. And the second is to lower the temperature of the pipe surface.

Excessively high air humidity occurs only in baths. In private homes, the air, as a rule, is rather dry and requires additional humidification. Dealing with humidity in a Russian bathhouse is a dubious task, and in ordinary residential buildings this is completely contraindicated. Therefore, there is only one option left, related to cooling the outer wall of the pipe.

It is not advisable to reduce the temperature of the pipe itself. It is much easier to make a sealed heat-insulating layer around it, which will protect the heated walls of the channel from contact with moist air from the outside. The thermal barrier must meet two important requirements - fire resistance and, if possible, tightness.

The simplest method involves creating thermal protection from non-flammable mineral wool in rolls. The thermal insulation layer should be covered with sheet metal or a stainless steel pipe. As a thermal protective material, the best option would be to take kaolin wool in rolls: it is completely fireproof and does not emit harmful substances when heated.

A metal casing on top of mineral wool can most easily be made from a pipe whose diameter exceeds the outer diameter of the chimney by 8-10 cm. Thus, between the smoke channel and the outer metal casing it will be possible to place a heat barrier 4-5 cm thick. This is quite enough to prevent further formation condensation outside the chimney.

Leaking inside the chimney

The formation of leaks inside the chimney is usually attributed to the fact that it lacks external insulation. Indeed, it is often for this reason that liquid settles inside the chimney. As a result of the fact that the smoke channel is cold, steam particles contained in the flue gases heated to a high temperature condense on the walls of the pipe.

This is especially true in severe frost, when the temperature outside differs significantly from the temperature of the flue gases. It is the sharp temperature difference between the water vapor and the surface of the pipe that accelerates the process of condensation formation. External insulation of the chimney is carried out depending on the material from which it is made.

For brick chimneys, special insulated metal casings are created. A metal frame is mounted on top of the pipe, inside of which a non-flammable mineral insulation is laid. The outside of the structure is sheathed with stainless steel and painted.

It is best to dismantle a conventional chimney made of a metal pipe and install an insulated sandwich pipe instead. Such an insulated chimney consists of two pipes - an outer and an inner one, between which there is a heat-resistant mineral insulation 4-6 cm thick. If it is impossible to replace the old chimney, it is simply sheathed with a 5 cm layer of heat-resistant basalt wool and sheathed with stainless steel tin.

However, the formation of condensation inside the smoke duct does not always occur due to the chimney. There are a number of factors that lead to the appearance of leaks even with sufficiently high-quality pipe insulation. Among them are the following:

Operation of a solid fuel boiler not at full capacity
Incorrect calculation of boiler power for a specific private home
Using insufficiently dry wood
Narrowing of the smoke channel due to the formation of a thick layer of tar inside it
Errors when installing a heating system
Incorrect choice of chimney diameter and height
Precipitation entering the chimney

The easiest way to resolve the issue is to protect the pipe from precipitation. It is enough to place a metal umbrella at the top of the channel, which will prevent water, snow and hail from entering and eliminate the formation of drips caused by natural precipitation.

The diameter of the chimney directly coming out of the solid fuel boiler and the further smoke channel should not differ much. So, if a pipe comes out of the boiler with a cross-sectional area half that of the brick channel into which it further enters, then the velocity of the flue gases will be very low. As a result, a rarefied space appears on the upper chimney, and cold air from the street enters it from top to bottom and forms condensation.

The first four items in the list above are united by one source - improper combustion of fuel in the boiler. “Incorrect” combustion refers to several concepts:

Combustion of wet wood with the release of naphtha and the formation of resin on the walls of the boiler and chimney
Insufficient amount of space for complete combustion of fuel and settling of unburned residues on the walls of the smoke channel
Boiler operation is not at full capacity

It is obviously better not to mess with damp firewood if you do not want to constantly clean the inside of the chimney and boiler from tar. When working with wet fuel, it will inevitably accumulate very quickly and, except for minimizing the use of wet firewood, there is nothing to help here.

The small enclosed space in the firebox is usually not designed to be completely filled with firewood. It is optimal to lay no more than one third of the combustion chamber so that the gases released when wood burns can burn completely. If this condition is not met, then unburnt particles will certainly settle on the walls of the chamber and chimney.

The boiler is not operating at full capacity

Solid fuel boilers must operate at maximum power. Any manipulations with the amount of air entering the firebox or the intensity of the flow of exhaust flue gases have a serious side effect. It consists of inefficient combustion of fuel inside.

When there is not enough air in the combustion chamber to ensure the most intense combustion process, the wood in the firebox simply smolders. Flue gases in such a situation always contain an increased amount of resin. This resin should ideally burn completely, but with a lack of oxygen, the process of wood pyrolysis (when flames are visible on the wood) does not occur completely and the resin burns only partially.

Locking the chimney with slide valves or other valves leads to the filling of the firebox with excess gases and smoke, which prevent the fuel from burning completely. This leads to the fact that the firebox is, as it were, “crushed” by excess gases. The result is again inefficient fuel combustion with all the ensuing consequences.

The described effects apply not only to wood, as the most common fuel for TT boilers. Very similar processes occur during incomplete combustion of coal, briquettes, and pellets. Only the substances that determine the composition of the tar in the smoke will differ, but this will not make the tar itself any less.

How to get rid of drips?

The appearance of condensation in the chimney is associated with certain laws of physics and it cannot be completely eliminated. The same applies to soot and tar in flue gases - some amount of these substances inevitably settles on the walls of the pipe. Dirty black streaks in the chimney appear precisely because streams of condensed water capture particles of soot and tar and roll down the pipe.

If configured correctly and operated at full capacity, then despite the ubiquitous condensation, there will be no dirty streaks. The fact is that productive combustion of fuel will lead not only to the combustion of almost all the tar in the flue gases, but also to the effective drying of the smoke channel.

As a result, drips of condensed liquid will no longer collect soot along the way and will simply dry out without a trace in short periods of time. There's only one question left. How to use a boiler at full capacity if it is necessary to prolong its combustion as much as possible and prevent overheating of the water in the system?

To solve this and many other issues that arise when designing a heating system, a device called was developed. A thermal accumulator (TA) is a special container with water with a volume of 250 to 3000 liters, which acts as a thermal energy storage device.

No matter how powerfully the boiler is heated, it will never overheat if there is a heat accumulator in the system. A buffer container with a large amount of water will absorb all the excess energy. And the accumulated reserve will begin to gradually be used up after all the fuel in the boiler burns out and the unit stops heating the water to the required temperature. The energy reserve of a correctly calculated heating unit can be enough for 4-5 hours of full heating operation even in the coldest winter months.

Based on all of the above, the most correct approach to solving the issue of dirty streaks on the chimney pipe is to operate the boiler at full power. In addition to getting rid of this problem, such rational use of the heating unit will provide maximum efficiency indicators for the entire heating system. In turn, the only acceptable option for constantly operating the boiler at full capacity is to install a heat accumulator.