How to get into service in the presidential troops? What is the presidential regiment: how to get into the Kremlin company Who is recruited into the presidential regiment.

Old style sleeve badge.

1993-present vr.

Service of the commandant of the Moscow Kremlin

Cavalry honor escort

The Presidential Regiment is a unique military unit that solves specific combat missions to ensure the safety of top officials of the state and the safety of Kremlin values. It is part of FSO Russia, which has the status of a special service and reports directly to the president.

Since July 1976, a special guard company has been created as part of the Presidential Regiment, which ensures the conduct of protocol events at the highest level.

Soldiers Presidential Regiment in a special dress uniform.

Soldier Presidential Regiment in full dress uniform.

Cavalry honor escort Presidential Regiment .

Story

From March to September 1918, the protection of the Moscow Kremlin, which became the seat of the Soviet government, was carried out by Latvian riflemen. This task was then carried out by the 1st Moscow Machine Gun Courses Red Army, later reorganized into the 1st Soviet United Military School Red Army named after the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.

In October 1935, the 1st Military School of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee was transferred from the Kremlin to Lefortovo. The tasks of protecting the Kremlin were transferred Special Purpose Battalion(bosNaz). The battalion was part of the Kremlin Commandant's Office, which, in accordance with government decree, left the People's Commissariat of Defense and became subordinate to the NKVD.

On April 8, 1936, in accordance with Order No. 122 for the Kremlin garrison, the Special Purpose Battalion was reorganized into Special purpose regiment of the NKVD of the USSR(pSpN), over time unofficially nicknamed “Kremlinsky”.

During the Soviet-Finnish War, some of the regiment's military personnel were involved in hostilities. By order of the Deputy People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR, 161 people were separated from the regiment and sent to the active Red Army.

From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, the “Kremlin Regiment” defended the Kremlin from German air raids. From June 25, 1941, by order of the commandant, the regiment switched to enhanced security and defense of facilities. A round-the-clock duty of combat crews was established on the Kremlin wall. In connection with the transition to an enhanced regime of service, the regiment was deployed as a combat unit according to wartime conditions, and was included in the active internal troops of the NKVD of the USSR.

In 1942-1943. 4 groups of snipers of the “Kremlin Regiment” were sent to the Western and Volkhov fronts, who destroyed over 1,200 enemy soldiers and officers. During the Great Patriotic War, the regiment's losses amounted to 97 people.

In 1943, after the separation of the Main Directorate of State Security of the NKVD of the USSR (GUGB NKVD) into a separate commissariat, part of the structure of the former 1st department of the GUGB NKVD ( security leaders of the party and government) The special purpose regiment also becomes part of the newly formed bodies, and becomes Special purpose regiment of the NKGB of the USSR, and after the transformation of the people's commissariats into ministries in 1946 - Special Purpose Regiment of the USSR Ministry of State Security .

On September 19, 1952, the Special Purpose Regiment was reorganized into Separate special purpose regiment of the USSR Ministry of State Security(opSpN). Then, in the period from 1953 to 1954, in connection with the unification of the MGB and Ministry of Internal Affairs into a single ministry, was part of the structure Ministry of Internal Affairs USSR. After this, in 1954, the regiment became part of the State Security Committee.

On May 7, 1965, for military merits during the Great Patriotic War and high performance in combat and political training, the Separate Special Purpose Regiment was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and became Separate Red Banner Special Purpose Regiment of the State Security Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR .

On July 24, 1973, the regiment officially received the status of “Kremlin” - by order of the Chairman of the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, it was renamed Separate Red Banner Kremlin Regiment of the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. After the transformation of the KGB from an agency into a central government body on July 5, 1978 - Separate Red Banner Kremlin Regiment of the KGB of the USSR .

On March 25, 1975, the regiment received its own insignia - at the request of the command, it was established by Order of the Chairman of the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR badge“Kremlin Regiment” to reward soldiers, sergeants, warrant officers and officers for impeccable service, success in combat and political training, and exemplary military discipline.

On May 5, 1986, in honor of its 50th anniversary, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the regiment was awarded the Order of the October Revolution for its services in ensuring the state security of the USSR and achieving high results in service.

In 1991, in the last year of the existence of the USSR, in connection with the reorganization of the KGB, the Separate Red Banner Kremlin Regiment of the KGB of the USSR was renamed Separate Red Banner Order of the October Revolution Kremlin Regiment of the Security Directorate under the Office of the President of the USSR. After the collapse of the USSR, in 1992 the regiment began to be called Separate Red Banner Order of the October Revolution Kremlin Regiment of the Moscow Kremlin Commandant's Office of the Main Security Directorate of the Russian Federation .

In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 20, 1993, the Separate Red Banner Order of the October Revolution Kremlin Regiment was transformed into the Red Banner Order of the October Revolution Presidential Regiment of the Commandant's Office of the Moscow Kremlin of the Main Directorate of Security of the Russian Federation.

On September 2, 2002, on the basis of the 11th separate cavalry regiment, a Cavalry Honor Escort was formed consisting of Presidential Regiment .

May 9, 2016 Presidential Regiment awarded the Certificate of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation:

Commander The regiment reports directly to the President of the Russian Federation - the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Barracks Presidential Regiment is located in the historical building of the Arsenal (Tseichhaus). In the closed perimeter of the Arsenal courtyard there is a regimental parade ground and a sports hall. FSO. Separate units of the regiment are also deployed in other administrative entities of the Moscow region.

Compound

• Headquarters;
• 1st Battalion:
  • 3rd company,
  • 4th company,
  • 5th company;
• 2nd Battalion:
  • 7th company,
  • 8th company,
  • 9th company;
• 3rd Battalion:
  • 1st special guard company,
  • 11th special guard company,
  • automobile company;
• Cavalry honor escort:
  • 10th company,
  • cavalry squadron,
  • support company,
  • security department;
• Operational Reserve Battalion:
  • operational reserve company,
  • security company.

Recently, a new dress uniform was developed for the soldiers - a lightweight hussar uniform. They wear it to guard foot and horse guards and wear it to protocol and state events.

Dress uniform of soldiers of the Presidential Regiment

A shako is included with the uniform. Soldiers polish all metal objects on it until they shine so that they can see their reflection.

shako – headdress ceremonial uniform of a serviceman of the Presidential Regiment. An astrakhan collar and cap. In severe frosts, military personnel can stay in heated booths.

Uniform of the Presidential Regiment soldiers

Presidential Regiment - the history of its appearance and our days

Service in the Presidential Regiment has always been considered both honorable and, at the same time, not the easiest. Despite the fact that, according to its purpose, this military unit is not intended to be used directly in combat conditions (with the exception of completely unimaginable situations), the unit’s employees undergo not only enhanced combat training, but also serious combat training, as it should be.

Purpose of the unit

The Red Banner Order of the October Revolution Presidential Regiment of the Service of the Commandant of the Moscow Kremlin of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (this is the official name) primarily exists to solve the prescribed tasks of protecting and defending the location of the country's president in the capital Kremlin, performing garrison and guard duty.

It goes without saying that not only the building of the Senate Palace itself, where the head of state’s office and representative premises are located, is subject to protection. The Presidential Regiment guards the entire Kremlin territory, being its permanent garrison. In contrast to the common perception, the presidential unit also includes operational units (the so-called “Kremlin special forces”), the main purpose of which is to directly suppress and repel unauthorized entry into restricted areas and repel an armed attack on the Kremlin (although in reality the storming of the main power residence armed formations are difficult to imagine). Guard duty in the Kremlin is carried out continuously around the clock. The specified combat missions are carried out by special forces. operational reserve battalion.

It is most prestigious to serve in the ceremonial units of a military unit - the Special Guard companies and the Cavalry Honor Escort. Naturally, not everyone gets into these formations - conscripts must meet exceptional requirements. However, increased “standards” are required for all military personnel of the elite regiment without exception. However, this was not always the case.

Legendary past

The prototype of the most elite military unit was originally formed in 1918, when the domestic leadership moved from St. Petersburg to Moscow. In Petrograd, the administrative apparatus and leadership of the young socialist state (including Lenin himself) were located in the building of the former Smolny Institute. The guard service at the then residence of the head of the RSFSR was small, and the building itself, together with the courtyard, was actually a freely accessible place.

With the move of the leadership of the RSFSR to Moscow, everything changed. The Kremlin itself was a seriously fortified object, essentially completely separate from the rest of the city. Meanwhile, its area is almost 30 hectares, and at the time the government moved to the Kremlin territory it was possible to get through at least 4 passages (passages). All this required special attention, supervision and protection.

Soon, a resolution was adopted banning free access for citizens beyond the Kremlin wall and organizing security for the entire complex. The duty to serve here was assigned to a combined company of Latvian riflemen, which at one time guarded Lenin (and some other members of the government) in Petrograd.

Exactly a month after the government was relocated to the new capital, all Latvian riflemen were formed into a single Latvian Rifle Soviet Division ( commander– Joachim Vatsetis, and then former royal lieutenant colonel and Knight of St. George Peter Aven). It was precisely the 9th Latvian Rifle Regiment that became the basis of the first Kremlin commandant service. However, already at the very end of 1918, Latvians (almost all without exception) were sent to the German front.

The security of the Kremlin complex was entrusted to the nearest military unit - the 1st Moscow Machine Gun Courses (prior to this they had the opportunity to serve in the nearby Krutitsky barracks). The courses were renamed several times, but until 1935 they continued to carry out guard duty on the territory of the Kremlin along with training.

At the end of 1935, the military school was relocated from the Krutitsky barracks and the Kremlin to another district of the capital (Lefortovo), and a special special-purpose battalion (the so-called “bosNaz”) was formed to perform Kremlin service. And this was no longer a purely military unit. It had nothing to do with the People's Commissar of Defense, but was subordinate to the Department of Internal Affairs (headed by Genrikh Yagoda). Already in 1936, the battalion was enlarged into the Special Forces Regiment of the Kremlin Commandant's Office.

Military personnel of special forces units not only carried out Kremlin service - they took a direct part in the so-called Winter (Finnish) campaign, some military personnel (both soldiers and officers) were sent to the front lines of battles with the Nazis as specialist snipers. On the territory of the capital during the war years, regimental services also solved problems of air defense of Kremlin buildings.

From 1943 until 1993, the Kremlin part was directly subordinate to state security agencies (in different years they bore different names). And only in 1991 (after well-known events and the attempted coup of the State Emergency Committee) news was officially announced about the renaming of the military unit into the Kremlin Regiment of the Security Directorate under the Office of the President of the USSR.

After the formalization of the “end” of the Soviet state in 1992, the military unit received a new name: the Kremlin regiment of the commandant’s office of the Moscow Kremlin of the Main Directorate of Security of the Russian Federation (predecessor FSO). And just a few months later, on March 20, 1993, the unit officially became Presidential.

Composition, deployment and tasks of the “Kremlin men”

As of the end of 2017, the regiment was formed from four battalions and a Cavalry Honorary Escort, which is essentially also a battalion formation. The presidential regiment has a company of various purposes and service tasks in the amount of 14 units (as part of the mentioned battalions).

For the most part, the military unit, its leadership and headquarters unit are deployed on the territory of the Kremlin complex itself in the Arsenal building. Commands a unit major general Oleg Galkin, who has been serving here since 1979 (started as a platoon commander). Despite the formal subordination of the regiment FSO In Russia, General Galkin does not report to the leadership of this structure - only directly to the President of the country.

The first two battalions of the elite regiment perform the main tasks of carrying out everyday garrison and guard services. One of them is located on the territory of the Zavidovo complex (a government reserve and game reserve) in the Tver region and serves as the protection of this facility. Another battalion (motorized rifle) is located in the village of Kalchuga, Odintsovo district, Moscow region (not far from Barvikha). The military personnel of this unit are called upon to carry out purely combat missions to strengthen the Kremlin garrison in a situation where there is a threat of an assault, a massive attack, and similar situations.

The third battalion is located in the Arsenal barracks and is engaged in special guard duty (honor guards, First post at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the Alexander Garden, etc.). Serving in these units is probably the dream of every recruit.

The 3rd battalion of the Presidential Regiment also includes a special automobile company. It has nothing to do with the Special Purpose Garage (government limousines) and performs auxiliary functions - transportation of personnel, military equipment, weapons and military equipment.

The Honorary Horse Escort is stationed in the village. Kalininets near Alabino next to the Taman division. Its function is to participate in protocol and demonstration events.

There is also an operational reserve battalion, which is actually a special forces formation for immediate combat response in necessary cases.

Service and life in the Kremlin garrison

Immediately after conscripts take the military oath, they, as in any Russian military units, undergo a young fighter course, learning all the intricacies of military service.

The daily routine of Kremlin soldiers is also not much different from any other combat units. Most of the time is occupied by combat, drill, physical and theoretical training and exercises, garrison and guard duty.

Soldiers and sergeants of different conscriptions live in different premises (barracks). According to some data, only in the military and communications divisions do both conscriptions live together, which. most likely due to their small numbers.

Three times a week, soldiers and sergeants of the Presidential Regiment visit the club here, where a variety of events are organized: watching films, meetings with veterans, scientists and artists, etc. Naturally, like any other military personnel in Russia, conscripts have the right for dismissal in city according to the established schedule (provided that there are no violations of regulations and discipline).

Meals for soldiers and sergeants in the Presidential Regiment are carried out according to standard standards. True, there is one peculiarity. Since recent times, military personnel have taken food exclusively from individual porcelain dishes using cutlery (spoon, knife and fork). The command is trying to instill basic etiquette skills.

The clothing allowance of Kremlin military personnel differs from other soldiers, sergeants and officers only in the presence of a special ceremonial and ceremonial uniform (for those performing special guard duty). Everyday uniform no different from the generally established one.

Conscription to the Presidential Regiment

Many pre-conscripts and conscripts are thinking about how to get into service in the Presidential Regiment. It's not that simple, of course. For future “Kremlin members” there are certain additional standards.

Officers of the unit travel to the regions in advance, look closely and select candidates for service in the Kremlin. According to unspoken regulations, it is almost impossible for residents of the capital region to “get a job” in the Presidential Regiment. Conscripts of exclusively Slavic appearance are recruited into special guard companies.

Strict requirements are also imposed on the physical condition of candidates:

• height not lower than 175 and not higher than 190 cm;
• weight proportional to height;
• absence of “special marks” on open areas of the body (large moles, tattoos, scars, etc.);
• full physical health (visual deviations of up to 0.7 units are allowed).

Since service in the Presidential Regiment is actually service in the state security agencies, all candidates undergo a preliminary special check, which can take quite a long time.

Upon completion of military service, the best military personnel are offered a contract for further service. And this promises considerable prospects - not only a good salary and accommodation in the capital, but also the opportunity to receive a higher military education with subsequent military service in officer positions and in the officer rank.

History of Post No. 1

In the history of every country there are pages that will forever remain in people's memory, despite any changes and social upheavals in society. There are many such episodes in Russia, one of them is the death of the leader of the first Soviet republic, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars V.I. Lenin. Lifetime love for him was nationwide. Therefore, when on January 21, 1924 V.I. Lenin passed away, and the country was in deep mourning.

During the days of grief, the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Soviet government received over a thousand telegrams and letters in which people asked to postpone the funeral and preserve V.I.’s body forever. Lenin. On January 25, the Soviet government adopted a resolution that stated: “To meet the wishes expressed by numerous delegations and appeals to the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, and in order to provide everyone who does not have time to arrive in Moscow on the day of the funeral with the opportunity to say goodbye to their beloved leader, The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR decides:

1. The coffin with the body of Vladimir Ilyich should be kept in the crypt, making the latter accessible to visitors.
2. The crypt should be built near the Kremlin wall, on Red Square, among the mass graves of the fighters of the October Revolution.”

Back on the night of January 24, architect A.V. Shchusev received an urgent government task: by the time of Lenin’s funeral, to design and build a temporary Mausoleum on Red Square, with a crypt for the leader’s coffin. It was required that the tomb could admit many people who wanted to say goodbye to Lenin. In the morning, the preliminary design of the Mausoleum was ready, approved by the government commission, and the architect, arriving on Red Square, made a breakdown of the plan for its construction near the Senate Tower of the Kremlin. Since the period was short, and the Mausoleum was designed to be temporary, it was erected from wood.

The first wooden Mausoleum was very different from the current granite one. It was a dark gray cube topped with a small three-stage pyramid. The total height was approximately three meters. The facade was lined with black wooden blocks LENIN. To the right and left of this cube there are two identical wooden buildings, similar to booths, for visitors to enter and exit.

The day before Lenin’s funeral, by order of the head of the Moscow garrison, a guard of honor was established at the Mausoleum of V.I. Lenin.

The first sentries to post at the Mausoleum of V.I. Lenin was staged by breeder János Meyszáros. At 4 p.m., cadets Grigory Koblov and Arseny Kashkin stood near Lenin’s coffin on a wooden platform on Red Square. When the coffin was lifted and slowly carried, they walked on the sides, and when they reached the Mausoleum, they put their foot down, turned to each other and froze with rifles at the entrance.

On January 30, an order was issued at the military school, which indicated the order of companies and squadrons in performing the honor guard. The best cadets were assigned there - cavalrymen, machine gunners, infantrymen, artillerymen. Thus began the history of the honor guard, which was popularly called “Post No. 1.”

In September 1924, the first sentries G.P. Koblov, A.V. Kashkin and breeder J. Meyszaros graduated from the United Military School named after. All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Before leaving for their regiments, the young Red commanders came to the Mausoleum. Here they swore an oath of allegiance to the cause of the revolution.

Painting artist Arseniy Kashkin, who graduated with honors from a Kremlin school, had many tempting job offers. But he chose the path of a combat commander. Altai, Central Asia, the fight against the Basmachi on the border, filled with constant worries and pursuits.

In the summer of 1930, he was seriously wounded in a battle with paint. I had to leave my military service. But A.V. did not give up. Kashkin. For dozens of years he managed state farms, bringing lagging farms into advanced ones. And then, when he was sent to work at the Kyrgyz educational and pedagogical publishing house, he began to make good, colorful textbooks for children.

Grigory Koblov did not forget the oath taken at the Mausoleum, either in the Soviet divisions where he served in the 20s, or abroad, where he carried out special government assignments. During the Great Patriotic War Moscow Saluted 15 times in honor of the courage and valor of the cavalry divisions commanded by the Guard major general G.P. Koblov. The hero was wounded seven times. The first sentry has 11 orders and 13 medals.

Hungarian János Meyszáros took this oath through the barracks of the Moscow Cavalry Brigade, where he served after graduating from school, through the steppes of Mongolia, through the headquarters of the Hungarian-fascist expeditionary force, where during the Second World War he worked under the guise of a defector for more than two years. In February 1945, the first guard of the eternal guard participated in the liberation of his native Budapest.

Since January 27, 1924, the best cadets of the Kremlin United Military School named after. All-Russian Central Executive Committee.

After Lenin’s funeral, over 100 thousand people visited the Mausoleum in a month and a half. Every day, huge masses of workers gathered on Red Square, wanting to go to Lenin’s tomb and say goodbye to him. However, it was not possible to let everyone through: the size of the crypt was small, and as people passed through, the air in it heated up, which was dangerous for the preservation of the body.

Spring was approaching. Warming made it impossible to further preserve Lenin's body. At the end of March, access to the Mausoleum was stopped so that scientists could try to carry out a new embalming.

Architect A.V. Shchusev received a new government task: to rebuild the Mausoleum, giving it a monumental architectural and artistic form. The mausoleum was supposed to maintain the simplicity of its outline and be compatible with the architecture of the Kremlin wall and Red Square. At the same time, it had to simultaneously serve as a tomb and tribune. Work began on the creation of a second wooden Mausoleum. Shchusev preserved the stepped composition of the simple, laconic forms of the Mausoleum, increased its size and added a portico and stands. The tomb immediately became more monumental, more perfect, more majestic.

By May 1, 1924, most of the work was completed. The new tomb was surrounded by a hexagonal square with a low iron fence.

After its opening in August, the Mausoleum immediately became a place of universal worship, a place near which the most important events and celebrations of the country began to be held - demonstrations, rallies, military parades, etc. So, on November 7, 1924, in front of the Mausoleum of V.I. Lenin, the troops of the Moscow garrison, lined up for the parade, took the Red Oath.

And again, a guard of Kremlin cadets was posted near the entrance to the tomb. On the first anniversary of the death of V.I. Lenin, cadets, Red Army soldiers and commanders of other military schools and regiments of the Moscow garrison joined the Kremlin guard of honor at the Mausoleum. The best of the best stood out there. Their names were announced in the order, unit by unit, indicating the merits of each. At the same time as the military, workers and peasants kept an honorary watch at the sarcophagus. At this time, the ceremony of changing the guards at the Mausoleum was also born, which bore the imprint of the stern simplicity characteristic of that unforgettable time. He was simple and at the same time majestic.

By 1929 it became clear that the embalming of Lenin's body was a brilliant success. Scientists guaranteed the preservation of the body for long periods. The government decided to replace the wooden Mausoleum with a stone one. The previously announced international competition did not produce positive results. Therefore, they decided to preserve the architecture of the Mausoleum, which had become familiar to the people. The government commission for the construction of the permanent Mausoleum was headed by K.E. Voroshilov. The construction of the stone tomb was again entrusted to the author of the project, Academician A.V. Shchusev.

Reproducing the forms of the wooden Mausoleum in stone, the architect did not copy them mechanically. While preserving the architectural ensemble of Red Square, the architect created new forms, trying to make the tomb even more expressive. The Third Mausoleum, dressed in granite and marble, still stands on Red Square.

Since 1935, there has been a guard of honor at the Mausoleum of V.I. Lenin was carried by soldiers of the Kremlin garrison.

After the start of the Great Patriotic War, when the enemy came very close to Moscow, one of the most important issues became the protection of the Mausoleum from aerial bombardment and the preservation of the body of V.I. Lenin. During its study, a special commission made a proposal to evacuate the body of V.I. Lenin to a safer place. This idea was fully supported by the head of the work on embalming the body, V.I. Lenin by Professor B.I. Zbarsky and his colleagues. At the beginning of the war, such measures, for obvious reasons, were a big state secret. In accordance with the secret order of the NKGB of the USSR, on July 3, 1941, the body of V.I. Lenin was sent to Tyumen in a special carriage of a special train. The train was guarded by officers of the NKGB and the commandant's office of the Moscow Kremlin. “Post No. 1” was transferred to a railway carriage. The sentries changed to the sound of wheels. For three years and nine months the sentries protected the body of V.I. Lenin in a distant Trans-Ural city, inaccessible to Hitler’s bombers.

The troubled life of the fighting capital did not disrupt the honor guard service at the Mausoleum of V.I. Lenin. Day and night, in rain and cold, under a hail of shrapnel, as a symbol of the unyielding steadfastness of a free people, the Kremlin soldiers carried out their task in solemn silence. This constant watch at the main post of the country strengthened the people's faith in victory.

Instead of the Mausoleum, Muscovites saw a three-story building. The stands to the left and right of it were covered with huge panels painted to match the roof. The mausoleum remained camouflaged for more than four months. The “camouflage robe” was removed on the night of November 7, 1941, on the eve of the historic parade of the defenders of Moscow. After the parade, the Mausoleum was not disguised.

The passage of time is inexorable. Years passed, the country healed its wounds. Peaceful life was restored. At the main post of the country, the sentries were still changing precisely.

The death of I.V. was a big shock for the Soviet people. Stalin on March 5, 1953. It was decided to embalm his body, put it in a sarcophagus and place it in the Mausoleum on Red Square next to the sarcophagus of V.I. Lenin. Everything was done very quickly. Already by the day of the funeral, a new inscription LENIN STALIN could be seen above the entrance to the tomb.

A few years later, during the exposure of Stalin’s personality cult, it was considered inappropriate to continue preserving the sarcophagus with his coffin in the Mausoleum, and it was moved from the Mausoleum to the Kremlin wall.

If it was possible to gather more than eight thousand people who took protection of the main post of the country, then they would tell a lot. They would tell how jubilant crowds of demonstrators carried posters and slogans past the Mausoleum with bright numbers of labor victories of the first five-year plans, how the first Soviet cars and the first tractors moved along Red Square.

It was the law for Soviet people, before great achievements, to come to the Mausoleum and swear an oath to the leader. Stratonauts came here before rushing to the mysterious heights. Here were the Papaninites - fearless heroic polar explorers. A in autumn 1941, when Moscow listened to the grinding of tanks and the fascist hordes frantically rushed to the gates of the capital, to Red Square, to Lenin, soldiers and commanders of the Red Army came in closed, steel ranks. From here they walked straight to the front to destroy their sworn enemy. And here, in the victorious year of 1945, they brought the defeated standards of the defeated Nazi units, throwing them at the foot of the Mausoleum.

Veterans of the regiment remember how the prancing cavalry was a decoration of parades on Red Square. Powerful Soviet tanks, armored all-terrain vehicles, powerful howitzers, guards mortars, all-destructive missiles - ballistic, intercontinental...

Before each flight into space, cosmonauts came to the Mausoleum - they walked past Lenin’s tomb and silently swore an oath to fully fulfill their scientific duty, not to flinch before the tests that the starry ocean would have in store for them.

People came and still come here, to Red Square, to the Lenin Mausoleum...

The ceremony of changing the guards at the Mausoleum is beautiful and solemn.

Every warrior dreamed of serving near the Mausoleum. The future guards of “Post No. 1” came to V.I.’s office-apartment. Lenin, got acquainted with his life and activities. Then the painstaking and intense preparation began. Daily grueling training: the soldiers practiced the special Kremlin marching step, rifle techniques, and coordination of movements. It was necessary to learn how to correctly and, most importantly, approach the post on time and make a shift. For this purpose, a special wooden model of the Mausoleum portal was made. The soldiers achieved impeccable clarity. The “Post No. 1 Competition” was even established, in which five pairs of the best sentries took part every year.

Among the former guards of “Post No. 1” there are many people who later became famous. Who knows, maybe it was the service at the main post of the country that made them so. These are famous military, state and political figures of our country, leaders of production and agriculture, representatives of science, culture and art. In the 20-30s, Heroes of the Soviet Union served at the Mausoleum twice: the defender of Madrid and Stalingrad, Colonel General A.I. Rodimtsev, commanders of the famous guards brigades that fought to Budapest and Berlin, colonels S.F. Shutov and A.A. Golovachev. These are the Heroes of the Soviet Union: Colonel General A.F. Shcheglov, V.V. Butkov and I.A. Kuzovkov, Major General E.G. Koberidze, V.A. Borisov, L.D. Churilov and others.

Private M.K. Voskresensky took over the post at the Mausoleum of V.I. Lenin in the 60s. He finished his military service and became an officer, but never imagined that he would once again have to return to serve on Red Square. Colonel Voskresensky became the commandant of the Commandant's Office of the Mausoleum of V.I. Lenin.

The pioneer of the 70s, Viktor Efimov, after his service, became a junior sergeant of the state traffic police of the Kyiv district of Moscow. The hardening acquired within the walls of the Kremlin came in handy in the new place. The Kremlin man did not flinch when, during his service, he had to fight with a criminal. For his courage and heroism he was presented to medals"For military merits." In addition, V. Efimov was awarded the rank of junior lieutenant.

I.A. Makevnin served in the Kremlin regiment in 1978-1980. He has 86 guard duties at Post No. 1. After serving in the army, he returned to his native Ulyanovsk. For several years he headed the Ulyanovsk City Duma, now he is the general director of a large plant. And now his place in the ranks, in the same company of the Presidential Regiment, has been taken by his son Kirill, who also serves at “Post No. 1” - at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

Colonels G.A. Gusev and M.V. Bystrov, from the generation of pioneers of the 70s, occupy high positions in the departments of the Federal Security Service of Russia. I.N. worked in the system of state security agencies. Ternyuk, A.V. Kvyatkovsky. P.V. After serving in the 1st company of the Kremlin Regiment, Makhinya worked in territorial state security agencies, and currently he is in a leadership position in the Administration of the Voronezh Region. And this list goes on and on. The constellation of names is a constellation of heroic deeds, legendary exploits.

In the 60s, the tradition of periodically displaying paired posts near the Mausoleum of V.I. on special occasions was revived. Lenin. Next to the Kremlin soldiers stood veterans of the unit who graduated from the military school named after. All-Russian Central Executive Committee and those who came to traditional gatherings from all over the country. Every year, on April 22, former soldiers of V.I.’s personal guard carried an honor watch. Lenin, gray-haired veterans. When pioneers or Komsomol members celebrated the anniversaries of their organizations on Red Square, the best schoolchildren and workers, students and collective farmers stood on the guard of honor at the Mausoleum.

In 1974, exactly 50 years later, at the second strike of the Spasskaya Tower chimes, the first sentries of the historical guard, retired general G.P., again stood at the main post of the country, next to their young successors Yu. Danilin and V. Smirnov. Koblov and former border guard painter A.V. Kashkin.

On July 6, 1976, in accordance with the order of the Chairman of the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, on the basis of platoons serving at the post at the Mausoleum of V.I. Lenin and organizationally included in various companies of the regiment, a special guard company was created. This was done in order to purposefully and efficiently prepare soldiers and sergeants for service at “Post No. 1”, to more reliably protect the Mausoleum of V.I. Lenin in watch access for visitors and improve the preparation of the parade line for services on Red Square.

Ceremonial post near the Mausoleum of V.I. Lenin was filmed after the well-known events in early October 1993, when the shots stopped near the USSR government building. The last watch at the main post of the country was carried out by Private R.I. Poletaev and corporal V.V. Dedkov. Since October 6, no sentries have been posted at “Post No. 1.”

There were also heavy losses during the Battle of Moscow in 1941. One of the famous episodes of this battle is associated with the area of ​​​​the Kryukovo station, 40 km from Moscow. In this place close to the capital, fascist troops sought to break through the defenses. Soldiers of the Guards Division I.V. stood in their way. Panfilov, cavalrymen of the corps of General L.M. Dovatora and tank crews of the brigade of General M.E. Katukova. For several days they held back the Nazis, but the forces were unequal, and the Soviet troops were forced to retreat even closer to Moscow...

However, the Nazis never managed to enter our capital. On December 6, the troops of the Western Front launched a counteroffensive, and within a few days the enemy troops fled, leaving tens of thousands of dead and wounded on the battlefield. Our losses were also considerable. Famous and unknown heroes have found eternal peace on land near Moscow.

In December 1966, when the 25th anniversary of the defeat of Nazi troops near Moscow was celebrated, the remains of the Unknown Soldier, who fell defending the capital in December 1941, were buried in the Alexander Garden near the Kremlin wall. The ashes were transferred from a huge mass grave at the 41st kilometer Leningradskoye Highway is the place where the fate of Moscow was decided. This event was preceded by a decision made on the eve of the celebration of the 20th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War to erect a monument to the Unknown Soldier in Moscow. As a result of the competition, preference was given to the project of architects D.I. Burdin and V.A. Klimov, who proposed to erect a monument that would personify the eternal memory of the descendants of the soldiers who gave their lives for our Motherland.

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In January 1967, construction of the monument began. Before this, the architects visited Brazil, France, and looked at photographs of similar monuments built in Italy, Finland and other countries.

The opening of the monument to the Unknown Soldier in Moscow took place on May 8, 1967. A beautifully decorated granite alley leads to the grave, which is located between the Arsenal corner tower and the grotto. To the left of it there is a granite wall on which is engraved: “1941 – To those who fell for the Motherland -1945”; on the right, along the Kremlin wall, there is a granite alley, where there are dark red porphyry blocks with capsules with the soil of hero cities walled up in them: Leningrad (taken from the Piskarevsky cemetery), Kiev (from the foot of the Obelisk to participants in the city’s defense), Stalingrad (from Mamayev Kurgan )2, Odessa (from the defense lines), Sevastopol (from the Malakhov Kurgan), Minsk, Kerch, Novorossiysk, Tula (land taken from the front lines of defense of these cities) and the hero-fortress Brest (land from the foot of the walls).

In the center of the memorial is a red granite platform, in the middle of which, in a recess on black marble slabs, is a large bronze star. In the middle of the star burns the Eternal Flame of Glory. The torch for the memorial at the Kremlin wall was lit from the Eternal Flame on the Field of Mars in Leningrad and delivered by soldiers of the Taman Guards Division. On the granite slab of the tombstone, rising behind the Eternal Flame, there is a bronze composition - a soldier’s helmet and a laurel branch lying on a battle flag, installed in 1975. On the slab there is an inscription - “Your name is unknown, your feat is immortal.”

There was no permanent guard post at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. The sentries were displayed only for the period of ceremonial and memorable events and the laying of wreaths. Nevertheless, for the soldiers of the regiment, service here was akin to service near the Mausoleum of V.I. Lenin. Kremlin servicemen will never forget June 19, 1970, when young soldiers of the unit took the military oath at the Eternal Flame.

A significant event in the life of the regiment and especially its 1st company was the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 8, 1997. In accordance with it, from December 12, 1997, a permanent post of honor guard from the Presidential Guard was established at the Eternal Flame at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier shelf. The decree determined that the changing of the guard at the post would occur every hour every day from 8 to 20 hours, in exceptional cases at other times.

For the honor guard, the order of service and the ritual of changing the guards were approved, and a new military uniform was developed. In addition, the posts were appropriately equipped and equipped with the necessary technical means and communications.

The first guard of honor at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was led by commander 1st company captain V.S. Kaminsky. December 12 at 8 a.m. senior sergeant M.P. Volgunov brought the first shift of Corporal R.V. to the main post of the country. Chernoburov and Corporal A.S. Gorbashkova.

The ritual of changing the guards at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is beautiful and solemn. Particularly impressive is the unique “Kremlin step”, which has been worked out to perfection: “from the outstretched toe to the ground -20 cm. The movement of the straight line at the knee of the leg comes from the hip. At the same time, both the right and left sole of the soldier should fall on the same line.” This is a very difficult step. It has remained since Nikolaev times. And, of course, the synchronicity of the actions of the participants in the changing of the guard is amazing. It looks like twins are coming. By the way, there are actually quite a few twins in the Presidential Regiment.

Service at the main post is honorable, but also difficult. Neither the sweltering heat nor the bone-chilling frost can change the familiar picture of sentries frozen at their posts. The apparent rigidity, even the stiffness of the soldiers, a certain detachment from the outside world, is very deceptive. This is just an appearance. First Posters are very attentive and wary. There are cases when drunken citizens try to test the vigilance and fortitude of the guard by throwing snowballs, empty cans and bottles at the sentries. There are also attacks on the post. Have no doubt - the response will be guaranteed and adequate.

Yes, here at the Eternal Flame, at “Post No. 1” stand the best of the best, the elite of the army, its face, the face of the whole country. They look stern and majestic. But these are ordinary guys serving in the very heart of Russia. What are they thinking about while standing at their post at the grave of the deceased nameless hero of the Great War, which they know only by hearsay?

There are always flowers at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier; they are brought here by young and old, official delegations, and newlyweds. In recent years, a tradition has been born: early in the morning on Victory Day, veterans of the Patriotic War and young people gather here for a memorial vigil with lit candles in their hands. Every year on May 9, celebrating the Victory Day, the whole country honors the memory of the victims with a Minute of Silence, which is counted against the backdrop of the Eternal Flame at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier near the Kremlin wall of Moscow.

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The suit consists of a jacket and trousers. Jacket with a central side zipper fastener. The front has upper welt pockets with flaps and leaves, fastened with textile fasteners and side welt pockets in a “frame”, fastened with a zipper braid. The front and back of the jacket are lined. Turn-down collar with stand-up collar. The statutory staff suit is made of rip-stop fabric with Velcro. Back with yoke. The sleeves are set-in, single-seam, with reinforcing linings in the elbow area, with stitched cuffs fastened with a textile fastener - a slit with a puff. To attach removable shoulder straps, belt loops are located in the area of ​​the shoulder seams; two continuous loops are sewn perpendicular to the shoulder seam. At the bottom of the jacket there is a detachable belt, the volume of which is regulated by the side sections with an elastic band. The trousers are straight, with stitched creases and side pockets on the front halves. The front of the trousers has a zip fastening. There are darts on the back halves. On the right back half there is a welt pocket with a flap and a leaf, fastened with a textile fastener. The belt is stitched, fastened with a loop and button. To adjust the volume, the belt is tightened with an elastic band in the area of ​​the side seams. Example of a material drawing: Additionally, you can purchase:

Jacket in “Retro” style With buttons Hood, adjustable to fit the shape of the face Elastic at the waist and at the bottom of the sleeves The bottom of the jacket is adjustable in size using a cord 4 external pockets Material: 100% cotton YOU MAY BE INTERESTED in: “And often in the evenings, evenings when I I’m suffocating from the comfort, suddenly there’s a whiff of crackling fires from the blue edge of the gas above the burner...” (B. Vakhnyuk) Once running home, we buried our faces in a rain jacket hanging on a hanger and inhaled the smell of a fire. Wearing rain jackets went on any hikes and at any time of the year. They were not bitten by mosquitoes, were not blown through, and did not melt from fire sparks. True, they froze, dried out slowly and were a bit heavy. Now that many lightweight modern jackets have appeared, real canvas windbreakers can be found quite rarely. But even now there is nothing better to find for a forest and a fire. Synthetics do not like fire. And if you don’t want your favorite fleece jacket to have a small (or large) hole, it’s time to remember the tarpaulin. The retro style jacket is made of high quality canvas. It is very durable and breathes well. And in general it’s pleasant and loved, like Vizbor’s songs on a reel-to-reel tape recorder. The hood, adjustable to the contour of the face, elastic bands on the sleeves and drawstring at the bottom of the jacket protect against mosquitoes and wind. Matches, a compass, a map and other necessary items will easily fit in four spacious pockets. If you like to watch sunrises on a steep bank, wander through the summer tundra, pick cloudberries and cranberries in swamps, and sing in the evenings by the fire - this windbreaker is for you.

The "Mountain-3" jacket is recommended for outdoor activities (hiking, hiking), as well as as a field uniform for mountain rifle units of the Russian Defense Ministry. Loose fit that does not restrict movement. Hood with adjustment in three dimensions - along the oval of the face, vertically at the back of the head and side adjustment vision With buttons Adjustment of the volume of the sleeve above the wrist with a hidden elastic band with Velcro Elbows are protected with a removable polyurethane foam insert (included) Pockets: two lower volume pockets with buttons, closed with flaps, a Napoleon pocket on the chest, inclined pockets on the sleeves, closed with flaps with Velcro, internal waterproof pocket for documents with Velcro Tightening: at the waist with a cord at the bottom of the jacket jacket View all products by tag jackets with a rubber cord Material: 100% cotton, new high-quality tarpaulin, superior to analogues used by most other manufacturers New processing technology has significantly improved the resistance of the fabric to fading and abrasion Reinforcing linings -100% polyester polyester View all products by tag polyester rip-stop Attention! Before washing, remove the protective inserts in the knee/elbow pads from the corresponding pockets. Do not wash protective inserts in a washing machine. When washing tarpaulin products in a washing machine, traces of wear may appear. SIZING SELECTION: Download the size chart (.xlsx) to accurately determine the required size REVIEWS: Review from Survival Panda Discussion of this model on the forum YOU MAY BE INTERESTED in:

The jacket is short, straight cut. Fabric - gabardine. Designed for employees of internal affairs bodies with special police ranks. According to Order No. 575 of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, chevrons are sewn onto the sleeves of a suit at a distance of 8 cm from the edge of the shoulder. A chevron is sewn onto the left sleeve indicating membership in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and on the right sleeve a chevron indicating the service of a police officer is sewn. You can add Velcro to the chevrons. Central closure with detachable zipper. Turn-down collar. Shelves with detachable yokes in the shoulder girdle area. On the shelves there are chest welt pockets with figured flaps with buttons. Two side welt pockets in a frame with a zippered entrance. Back with stitched yoke. There are soft folds along the yoke line for freedom of movement. The sleeves are set-in, single-seam, with stitched cuffs fastened with buttons. At the bottom of the jacket there is a one-piece belt, the volume of which is regulated by side sections with elastic braid. The back and shelf are lined with knitted fabric (mesh). The armholes are edged with edging braid. Straight-cut trousers. Stitched belt with six belt loops. The volume of the belt is regulated by side sections with elastic band. Two pockets in the side seams. One welt pocket with flap and internal button closure is located on the right rear half of the trousers. Red piping is inserted along the side seams of the trousers. It is part of the new police uniform. Example of material drawing:

Without Velcro under the chevrons. The size is indicated by the collar. You can use shoulder straps Worn untucked The belt is adjustable in size using side elastic bands 2 pockets on the chest Material: 65% Polyester 35% Viscose

Jacket with a combined (stitched and removable) insulated lining, a removable insulated hood, a removable faux fur collar. The jacket is short, straight cut. The central clasp has a two-way detachable zipper, closed with a windproof flap with buttons. Turn-down collar with a pata fastener on a textile fastener. In the area of ​​the shoulder seams there are shoulder straps, shoulder straps View all products by tag shoulder straps on buttons with removable false stripes for attaching insignia. Shelves and back with yokes. Along the yoke line there is a red edging. Two chest pockets with flaps with buttons and textile Velcro fasteners. Two side pockets with flaps with buttons and textile Velcro fasteners. The burlap patch pockets have welt pockets with a zippered entrance. At the bottom of the jacket See all products by jacket tag there is a detachable belt, the volume of which is adjusted by the side sections with elastic braid stitched on a multi-needle special. chain stitch machine. Sleeves are set-in, two-seam. On the right sleeve there is a welt pocket with a zipper. A bandage with a reflective tape is sewn inside the pocket, fastened with a Velcro textile fastener. At the bottom of the sleeves there are stitched cuffs with elastic tape sewn on a multi-needle special stitch. chain stitch machine. Stitched insulated lining with Fibertek-200 insulation. On the inside of the left shelf there is a pocket for a pistol (with a carabiner on a cord for fastening the pistol) and a patch pocket with a vertical entrance with a zipper. The removable insulated hood is fastened with a detachable zipper. The volume is adjustable at the back of the head and the front neckline. The chin part is fastened with a Velcro textile fastener. A removable collar made of faux fur containing Kanekaron fiber (Made in Japan) is fastened with a detachable zipper. Removable insulated lining (vest) made of Fibertek 150 insulation, quilted on both sides with lining fabric, fastened with a detachable zipper. On the removable insulation there is a patch pocket with a horizontal entrance with a zipper. Fibertek insulation has a number of advantages over traditional fillers: - It perfectly retains its shape and restores it after washing. - Can be washed and dried multiple times. - Provides a greater heat-shielding effect compared to other materials of similar thickness and density. - Moisture resistant. - Stable during long-term use. - It is an environmentally friendly and non-toxic insulation material. - Practical in terms of price and quality ratio.

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