What musical instruments do you know? String instruments: types, names

Musical instruments are designed to produce various sounds. If the musician plays well, then these sounds can be called music, but if not, then cacaphony. There are so many tools that learning them is like an exciting game worse than Nancy Drew! In modern musical practice, instruments are divided into various classes and families according to the source of sound, material of manufacture, method of sound production and other characteristics.

Wind musical instruments (aerophones): a group of musical instruments whose sound source is vibrations of the air column in the barrel (tube). They are classified according to many criteria (material, design, methods of sound production, etc.). In a symphony orchestra, a group of wind musical instruments is divided into wooden (flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon) and brass (trumpet, horn, trombone, tuba).

1. Flute is a woodwind musical instrument. The modern type of transverse flute (with valves) was invented by the German master T. Boehm in 1832 and has varieties: small (or piccolo flute), alto and bass flute.

2. Oboe is a woodwind reed musical instrument. Known since the 17th century. Varieties: small oboe, oboe d'amour, English horn, heckelphone.

3. Clarinet is a woodwind reed musical instrument. Constructed in the early 18th century In modern practice, soprano clarinets, piccolo clarinet (Italian piccolo), alto (so-called basset horn), and bass clarinets are used.

4. Bassoon - a woodwind musical instrument (mainly orchestral). Arose in the 1st half. 16th century The bass variety is the contrabassoon.

5. Trumpet - a wind-copper mouthpiece musical instrument, known since ancient times. The modern type of valve pipe developed to the gray. 19th century

6. Horn - a wind musical instrument. Appeared at the end of the 17th century as a result of the improvement of the hunting horn. The modern type of horn with valves was created in the first quarter of the 19th century.

7. Trombone - a brass musical instrument (mainly orchestral), in which the pitch of the sound is regulated by a special device - a slide (the so-called sliding trombone or zugtrombone). There are also valve trombones.

8. Tuba is the lowest sounding brass musical instrument. Designed in 1835 in Germany.

Metallophones are a type of musical instrument, the main element of which is plate-keys, which are struck with a hammer.

1. Self-sounding musical instruments (bells, gongs, vibraphones, etc.), the source of sound of which is their elastic metal body. Sound is produced using hammers, sticks, and special percussionists (tongues).

2. Instruments such as the xylophone, in contrast to which the metallophone plates are made of metal.

Stringed musical instruments (chordophones): according to the method of sound production, they are divided into bowed (for example, violin, cello, gidzhak, kemancha), plucked (harp, gusli, guitar, balalaika), percussion (dulcimer), percussion-keyboard (piano), plucked -keyboards (harpsichord).

1. Violin is a 4-string bowed musical instrument. The highest in register in the violin family, which formed the basis of the classical symphony orchestra and string quartet.

2. Cello is a musical instrument of the violin family of the bass-tenor register. Appeared in the 15th-16th centuries. Classic examples were created by Italian masters in the 17th and 18th centuries: A. and N. Amati, G. Guarneri, A. Stradivari.

3. Gidzhak - stringed musical instrument (Tajik, Uzbek, Turkmen, Uyghur).

4. Kemancha (kamancha) - a 3-4-string bowed musical instrument. Distributed in Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Dagestan, as well as the countries of the Middle East.

5. Harp (from German Harfe) is a multi-string plucked musical instrument. Early images - in the third millennium BC. In its simplest form it is found in almost all nations. The modern pedal harp was invented in 1801 by S. Erard in France.

6. Gusli is a Russian plucked string musical instrument. Wing-shaped psalteries (“ringed”) have 4-14 or more strings, helmet-shaped ones - 11-36, rectangular (table-shaped) - 55-66 strings.

7. Guitar (Spanish guitarra, from Greek cithara) is a lute-type plucked string instrument. It has been known in Spain since the 13th century; in the 17th and 18th centuries it spread to Europe and America, including as a folk instrument. Since the 18th century, the 6-string guitar has become commonly used; the 7-string guitar has become widespread mainly in Russia. Varieties include the so-called ukulele; Modern pop music uses an electric guitar.

8. Balalaika is a Russian folk 3-string plucked musical instrument. Known since the beginning. 18th century Improved in the 1880s. (under the leadership of V.V. Andreev) V.V. Ivanov and F.S. Paserbsky, who designed the balalaika family, and later - S.I. Nalimov.

9. Cymbals (Polish: cymbaly) - a multi-stringed percussion musical instrument of ancient origin. They are members of folk orchestras of Hungary, Poland, Romania, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, etc.

10. Piano (Italian fortepiano, from forte - loud and piano - quiet) - the general name for keyboard musical instruments with hammer mechanics (grand piano, upright piano). The piano was invented in the beginning. 18th century The emergence of a modern type of piano - with the so-called. double rehearsal - dates back to the 1820s. The heyday of piano performance - 19-20 centuries.

11. Harpsichord (French clavecin) - a stringed keyboard-plucked musical instrument, the predecessor of the piano. Known since the 16th century. There were harpsichords of various shapes, types and varieties, including the cymbal, virginel, spinet, and clavicytherium.

Keyboard musical instruments: a group of musical instruments united by a common feature - the presence of keyboard mechanics and a keyboard. They are divided into various classes and types. Keyboard musical instruments can be combined with other categories.

1. Strings (percussion-keyboards and plucked-keyboards): piano, celesta, harpsichord and its varieties.

2. Brass (keyboard-wind and reed): organ and its varieties, harmonium, button accordion, accordion, melodica.

3. Electromechanical: electric piano, clavinet

4. Electronic: electronic piano

piano (Italian fortepiano, from forte - loud and piano - quiet) is the general name for keyboard musical instruments with hammer mechanics (grand piano, upright piano). It was invented at the beginning of the 18th century. The emergence of a modern type of piano - with the so-called. double rehearsal - dates back to the 1820s. The heyday of piano performance - 19-20 centuries.

Percussion musical instruments: a group of instruments united by the method of sound production - impact. The source of sound is a solid body, a membrane, a string. There are instruments with a definite (timpani, bells, xylophones) and indefinite (drums, tambourines, castanets) pitch.

1. Timpani (timpani) (from the Greek polytaurea) is a cauldron-shaped percussion musical instrument with a membrane, often paired (nagara, etc.). Distributed since ancient times.

2. Bells - orchestral percussion self-sounding musical instrument: a set of metal records.

3. Xylophone (from xylo... and Greek phone - sound, voice) - a percussion, self-sounding musical instrument. Consists of a series of wooden blocks of varying lengths.

4. Drum - a percussion membrane musical instrument. Varieties are found among many peoples.

5. Tambourine - a percussion membrane musical instrument, sometimes with metal pendants.

6. Castanets (Spanish: castanetas) - percussion musical instrument; wooden (or plastic) plates in the shape of shells, fastened on the fingers.

Electromusical instruments: musical instruments in which sound is created by generating, amplifying and converting electrical signals (using electronic equipment). They have a unique timbre and can imitate various instruments. Electric musical instruments include the theremin, emiriton, electric guitar, electric organs, etc.

1. Theremin is the first domestic electromusical instrument. Designed by L. S. Theremin. The pitch of the sound in a theremin varies depending on the distance of the performer's right hand to one of the antennas, the volume - from the distance of the left hand to the other antenna.

2. Emiriton is an electric musical instrument equipped with a piano-type keyboard. Designed in the USSR by inventors A. A. Ivanov, A. V. Rimsky-Korsakov, V. A. Kreitzer and V. P. Dzerzhkovich (1st model in 1935).

3. Electric guitar - a guitar, usually made of wood, with electric pickups that convert vibrations of metal strings into vibrations of electric current. The first magnetic pickup was made by Gibson engineer Lloyd Loehr in 1924. The most common are six-string electric guitars.

Orchestra – a large group of musical instruments performing works specially designed for this composition.

Depending on the composition, orchestras have different expressive, timbre and dynamic capabilities and have different names:

• symphony orchestra (large and small),
• chamber, folk orchestra,
• wind,
• pop,
• jazz.

In a modern symphony orchestra, instruments are divided into the following groups:

I. Bowed strings: violins, violas, cellos, double basses.
II. Woodwinds: flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons.
III. Brass: horns, trumpets, trombones, tubas.
IV. Drums:

A) noise: castanets, rattles, maracas, whip, tom-tom, drums (large and small). Their parts are written on the same musical line – “thread”.
b) with a certain pitch: timpani, cymbals, triangle, bell, xylophone, vibraphone, celesta.

V. Keyboards: piano, organ, harpsichord, clavichord.
VI. Additional group: harp.

The full sound of an orchestra is called “ tutti " - ("All").

Conductor - (from French - “to manage, lead”) manages a group of musicians - performers, he owns the artistic interpretation of the work.

On the console in front of the conductor lies - score (full musical notation of all parts of orchestral instruments).

Parts of instruments in each group are recorded one after another, starting with the highest sounding instruments and ending with the lowest.

Arrangement of orchestral music for a piano performer is called clavier .

Characteristics of symphony orchestra groups

I. String-bowed

These are instruments that are similar in appearance and sound color (timbre). In addition, their sound is produced with a bow. Hence the name. The most virtuosic and expressive instrument of this group is violin . It sounds like a singer's voice. It has a gentle, singing timbre. The violin is usually assigned the main melody of the piece. The orchestra has I and II violins. They play different parts.
Alto looks like a violin, but is not much larger in size and has a more muffled, matte sound/
Cello can be called a “big violin”. This instrument is not carried on the shoulder like a violin or viola, but is rested on a stand that touches the floor. The sound of the cello is low, but at the same time soft, velvety, noble.
The largest instrument of this group is double bass . They play on it while sitting because it is taller than a person. This instrument is rarely used as a solo instrument. Its sound is the lowest, buzzing in this group.
The string and bow group in the orchestra is the leading group in the orchestra. It has enormous timbre and technical capabilities.

II. Woodwinds

Wood is used to make wooden instruments. They are called wind instruments because they produce sound by blowing air into the instrument.
Flute (from Italian it means “wind, blow”). The sound of the flute is transparent, ringing, cold.
It has a melodious, rich, warm, but somewhat nasal sound. oboe.
Has a varied timbre clarinet. This quality allows him to perform dramatic, lyrical, scherzo paintings
Performs the bass line bassoon - an instrument with a thick, slightly hoarse timbre.
The lowest bassoon has a name contrabassoon .
A group of woodwind instruments is widely used for sketching pictures of nature and lyrical episodes.

III. Brass

Copper metals (copper, brass, etc.) are used to make brass instruments.
The entire group of brass instruments sounds powerfully and solemnly, brilliantly and brightly in the orchestra.
Has a sonorous “voice” pipe . The loud sound of the trumpet can be heard even when the entire orchestra is playing. Often the trumpet has a lead part.
French horn (“forest horn”) may sound in pastoral music.
At the moment of highest tension in a musical work, especially of a dramatic nature, along with trumpets, trombones.
The lowest brass instrument in the orchestra is tuba. It is often played in combination with other instruments.

Percussion Problem– enhance the sonority of the orchestra, make it more colorful, show the expressiveness and variety of rhythm.

This is a large, motley and diverse group that is united by a common method of producing sound - impact. That is, by their nature they are not melodic. Their main purpose is to emphasize the rhythm, enhance the overall sonority of the orchestra and complement and decorate it with various effects. The only permanent members of the orchestra are the timpani. Beginning in the 19th century, the strike force began to expand rapidly. Big and snare drums, cymbals and triangles, and then tambourine, tom-tom, bells and bells, xylophone and celesta, vibraphone. But these instruments were used only sporadically.

A characteristic feature of a number of instruments is the presence of white and black keys, which are collectively called a keyboard or, in an organ, a manual.
Basic keyboard instruments: organ (relatives - portable , positive ), clavichord (related - spinet in Italy and virginal in England), harpsichord, piano (varieties – piano And piano ).
Based on the sound source, keyboard instruments are divided into two groups. The first group includes instruments with strings, the second includes organ-type instruments. Instead of strings, they have pipes of various shapes.
Piano is an instrument in which both loud (forte) and quiet (piano) sounds were produced with the help of hammers. Hence the name of the instrument.
Timbre harpsichord - silvery, sound - quiet, of equal strength.
Organ – the largest musical instrument. They play it, like a piano, by pressing the keys. In ancient times, the entire front part of the organ was decorated with fine artistic carvings. Behind him are thousands of pipes of various shapes, each with its own special timbre. Consequently, the organ produces both the highest and lowest sounds that the human ear can perceive.

VI. A frequent participant in the symphony orchestra is plucked string tool – harp , which is a gilded frame with stretched strings. The harp has a delicate, transparent timbre. Its sound creates a magical flavor.

Timbre characteristics of instruments

Types of orchestras

Orchestra of Russian Folk Instruments

The composition of such an orchestra includes the main groups:

• Plucked strings:
  • domras, balalaikas, gusli
• Brass:
  • flute, pity, Vladimir horns
• Pneumatic reed:
  • button accordions, harmonicas
• • tambourines and drums
• Additional tools:
  • flute, oboe and their varieties

Orchestra of Belarusian Folk Instruments

Approximate composition:

• Stringed instruments:
  • gusli, violin, bassetla
• Wind instruments:
  • Pipe, pity, pipe, pipe, horn
• • tambourines and cymbals
• Accordion – (or multi-timbre, ready-chosen button accordion) is a reed, pneumatic (“air”) keyboard instrument. It got its name from the name of Drene, the Russian legendary singer and storyteller Bayan. This instrument has buttons on both sides, on which the performer plays a melody on the right side, and accompaniment on the left.
  In modern concert performance, button accordions are most widespread.
  The left keyboard has special timbre register switches that make it possible to change the timbre of the instrument and change the color of the sound.
• There are also electronic button accordions, which have unlimited sound power and a very large number of timbre colors. Balalaika
• - a relative of the lute, mandolin, guitar. Musical symbol of the Russian people. This is a plucked string instrument. It has a wooden triangular body and a long neck on which strings are pulled. The sound is produced by striking all the strings at once with the index finger or by plucking. There are several types of balalaikas: piccolo, prima, second, alto, bass and double bass. Harmonic
  (accordion, accordion) is a wind musical instrument that has become widespread in many countries.
  Another type of harmonic is accordion .
• On one side of the accordion there are keys, like a piano, on which a melody is played, on the other there are several rows of buttons for accompaniment. When you press several of them, an entire chord sounds. Hence the name accordion.
• Domra - a bit like a balalaika, only its body is oval, pear-shaped, and the strings are tuned to fourths.
• Cymbals - a stringed percussion instrument, is a low trapezoid-shaped box or wooden frame over which strings are stretched. The instrument is played with sticks or hammers. The gentle sound of the cymbals in timbre resembles the sound of the gusli.
• Guitar - one of the few musical instruments on which the sound is prepared and produced with the fingers.

Gusli

- an ancient Russian plucked string instrument.
Brass band
A brass band is a group of musicians playing various wind and percussion instruments.
According to their composition, the instruments of a modern brass band are divided into small brass orchestra, small mixed, medium mixed and large mixed.

The core of the small brass orchestra consists of: cornets, altos, tenors, baritones, basses.

With the addition of woodwinds (flutes, oboes, clarinets, saxophones, bassoons), as well as trumpets, horns, trombones and percussion instruments to this group, small mixed, medium, large mixed compositions are formed.

Variety orchestra

This orchestra includes traditional groups of instruments of a symphony orchestra - woodwinds - horns and strings (violin, viola, cellos).

Jazz orchestra (jazz band)

1. This orchestra consists of trumpets, clarinets, trombones and a “rhythm section” (banjo, guitar, double bass, drums and piano). Materials used in the work:
2. Z. Osovitskaya, A. Kazarinova In the world of music. First year of study. M., “Music”, 1996.
3. M. Shonikova Musical literature. Rostov-on-Don, 2003.
4. Y. Ostrovskaya, L. Frolova Musical literature in definitions and musical examples. St. Petersburg, 2004.

M.F. Musical Kingdom. Minsk, 2002. Note

. The suggested answer lists more tools for reference than the participant can provide. The answer may contain attempt more detailed systematization (division brass

strings keyboards

drums

Music has special language: bypassing words, she is able to convey feelings, thus erasing the boundaries between people, overcoming time s e and spatial barriers. But music affects people at the moment of its sound and therefore refers to temporary s m types of art. The painter, conveying the impact of music on a person, puts musical instruments into the hands of characters: angels and gods, depicts them against the backdrop of the sky. Position ru It conveys the tenderness of touching instruments and creates a premonition of the finest harmonies. The artist conveys musical harmony combination of colors, expressive, but not flashy. Thus, through gesture, color, and composition, the artist strives to convey the impression of a musical work. The artist conveys musical flight and elusiveness, the material etherealness of music translucency angelic wings, light and powerful at the same time.

The modern artist conveys the power of musical influence and the universality of the language of music through a fantasy composition in which a mythological figure with a special musical gift Orpheus forces the wild animals to obey the musical order, obediently surrounding the musician and listening to the harmonious

Another way of pictorially embodying a musical impression is to convey the musical flow through glare, glow, play of tones and shades, as demonstrated in the work of Alexander Maranov, who recreated a portrait of the brilliant virtuoso violinist Nicolo Paganini, existing on the canvas surrounded by musical flows.

Response analysis and evaluation

1. The participant correctly names 4 musical instruments depicted in these fragments. 2 points for each correct name = 8 points. If instead

the tambourine is indicated, the tambourine is given 1 point. If instead of viola it is called

violin gets 1 point.

2. Participant

a. names 4 groups of musical instruments. 2 points for each correct name = 8 points;

b. names 30 musical instruments, correctly attributing them to the group.

2 points for each correct name = 60 points.

M.F.. The intended answer lists more tools for reference. If the answer contains an attempt at a more detailed systematization attempt more detailed systematization for brass, wood, folk, symphony orchestras; (division plucked, bowed, folk; brass for keyboard-strings, keyboard-pneumatic, strings with a fixed and non-fixed pitch), an answer can be awarded 2 additional points for naming each group of more detailed systematization, but so that the total score for this part of the task does not exceed 60 points.

3. Participant

a. explains his point of view on the question posed coherently and logically.

2 points (if the answer contains logical mistakes, speech and grammatical errors, no points are awarded);

b. names two qualities of music as a temporary art form: special

language, sound in time. 2 points for each correct name = 4 points,

c. names 3 possibilities of painting in conveying a musical impression

(composition, color, position of figures). 2 points for each correct name = 6 points;

d. names 4 compositional techniques, analyzing these works. 2 points for each correct name = 8 points;

e. names 5 coloristic features of the analyzed works. 2 points for each correct name = 10 points;

Welcome to a brief overview of the musical instruments of a symphony orchestra.

If you are just starting to get acquainted with classical music, then perhaps you do not yet know what musical instruments the members of the symphony orchestra play. This article will help you. Descriptions, images and sound samples of the main musical instruments of the orchestra will introduce you to the huge variety of sounds produced by the orchestra.

Preface

The musical symphonic tale "Peter and the Wolf" was written in 1936 for the new Moscow Central Children's Theater (now the Russian Academic Youth Theater). This is the story of the pioneer Pete, who shows courage and ingenuity, saves his friends and captures the wolf. From the moment of its creation to the present day, the piece has enjoyed undiminished worldwide popularity among both the younger generation and experienced classical music lovers. This play will help us identify different instruments, because... each character in it is represented by a certain instrument and a separate motive: for example, Petya - string instruments (mainly violins), Birdie - a flute in a high register, Duck - oboe, Grandfather - bassoon, Cat - clarinet, Wolf - horn. After familiarizing yourself with the presented instruments, listen to this piece again and try to remember how each instrument sounds.

Sergei Prokofiev: "Peter and the Wolf"

Bowed string instruments.

All bowed string instruments consist of vibrating strings stretched over a resonating wooden body (soundboard). To produce sound, a horsehair bow is used, clamping the strings in different positions on the fingerboard to produce sounds of different pitches. The family of bowed string instruments is the largest in the lineup, grouped into a huge section with musicians playing the same line of music.

A 4-string bowed instrument, the highest sounding in its family and the most important in the orchestra. The violin has such a combination of beauty and expressiveness of sound as, perhaps, no other instrument. But violinists often have a reputation for being nervous and scandalous people.

Felix Mendelssohn Violin Concerto

Alto - in appearance it is a copy of a violin, only slightly larger, which is why it sounds in a lower register and is a little more difficult to play than a violin. According to established tradition, the viola is assigned an auxiliary role in the orchestra. Violists are often the target of jokes and anecdotes in the musical community. There were three sons in the family - two smart, and the third was a violist... P.S. Some people believe that the viola is an improved version of the violin.

Robert Schumann "Fairy Tales" for viola and piano

Cello- a large violin that is played while sitting, holding the instrument between the knees and resting its spire on the floor. The cello has a rich low sound, wide expressive abilities and a detailed performance technique. The performing qualities of the cello won the hearts of a huge number of fans.

Dmitri Shostakovich Sonata for cello and piano

Double bass- the lowest in sound and the largest in size (up to 2 meters) among the family of bowed string instruments. Double bassists must stand or sit on a high stool to reach the top of the instrument. The double bass has a thick, hoarse and somewhat dull timbre and is the bass foundation of the entire orchestra.

Dmitri Shostakovich Sonata for cello and piano (see cello)

Woodwind instruments.

A large family of various instruments, not necessarily made of wood. Sound is generated by the vibration of air passing through the instrument. Pressing the keys shortens/lengthens the air column and changes the pitch of the sound. Each instrument usually has its own solo line, although it can be performed by several musicians.

The main instruments of the woodwind family.

- modern flutes are very rarely made of wood, more often of metal (including precious metals), sometimes of plastic and glass. The flute is held horizontally. The flute is one of the highest sounding instruments in the orchestra. The most virtuosic and technically agile instrument in the wind family, thanks to these advantages she is often assigned orchestral solos.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Flute Concerto No. 1

Oboe-a melodic instrument with a range lower than that of a flute. Slightly conical in shape, the oboe has a melodious, but somewhat nasal timbre, and even sharp in the upper register. It is primarily used as an orchestral solo instrument. Because oboists must contort their faces while playing, they are sometimes perceived as abnormal people.

Vincenzo Bellini Concerto for oboe and orchestra

Clarinet- Comes in several sizes, depending on the required pitch. The clarinet uses only one reed (reed), and not double like a flute or bassoon. The clarinet has a wide range, warm, soft timbre and provides the performer with wide expressive possibilities.
Check yourself: Karl stole corals from Clara, and Clara stole a clarinet from Karl.

Carl Maria von Weber Clarinet Concerto No. 1

The lowest sounding woodwind instrument, used both for the bass line and as an alternative melody instrument. There are usually three or four bassoons in an orchestra. Due to its size, the bassoon is more difficult to play than other instruments of this family.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Bassoon Concerto

Brass instruments.

The loudest group of instruments in a symphony orchestra, the principle of producing sounds is the same as that of woodwind instruments - “press and blow”. Each instrument plays its own solo line - there is a lot of material. At different eras of its history, the symphony orchestra changed groups of instruments in its composition; a certain decline in interest in wind instruments occurred in the era of romanticism; in the 20th century, new performing possibilities for brass instruments opened up and their repertoire expanded significantly.

Horn (horn)- originally derived from the hunting horn, the horn can be soft and expressive or harsh and raspy. Typically, an orchestra uses from 2 to 8 horns, depending on the piece.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov Scheherazade

An instrument with a high clear sound, very suitable for fanfares. Like the clarinet, the trumpet can come in different sizes, each with its own timbre. Distinguished by its great technical agility, the trumpet brilliantly fulfills its role in the orchestra; it can perform wide, bright timbres and long melodic phrases.

Joseph Haydn Concerto for trumpet

Performs more of a bass line than a melodic line. It differs from other brass instruments by the presence of a special movable U-shaped tube - a backstage, by moving which back and forth the musician changes the sound of the instrument.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov Trombone Concerto

Percussion musical instruments.

The oldest and most numerous among groups of musical instruments. Often the drums are affectionately called the “kitchen” of the orchestra, and the performers are called “jack of all trades.” The musicians treat percussion instruments rather harshly: they hit them with sticks, hit each other, shake them - and all this in order to set the rhythm of the orchestra, as well as to give color and originality to the music. Sometimes a car horn or a device that imitates wind noise (aeoliphon) is added to the drums. Let's consider only two percussion instruments:

- a hemispherical metal body covered with a leather membrane, timpani can sound very loud or, conversely, softly, like a distant rumble of thunder; to extract different sounds, sticks with heads made of different materials are used: wood, felt, leather. An orchestra usually has two to five timpani players, and it is very interesting to watch the timpani players play.

Johann Sabastian Bach Toccata and Fugue

Plates (pairs)- convex round metal discs of different sizes and with an indefinite pitch. As noted, a symphony can last ninety minutes, and you only have to hit the cymbals once; imagine the responsibility for the exact result.

Music is an amazing phenomenon. Its sounds can touch the deepest recesses of human nature. The cheerful melody makes people start dancing, meekly obeying the irresistible influence of its intricate patterns. Some music, on the contrary, makes you feel the sadness and sadness that the author carefully put into every note of the work. A good song is a journey into the musician, where he, like a guide, will lead the listener through the beautiful or terrifying depths of his soul. The sounds of music pour out what cannot be expressed in words.

Music in antiquity

Humanity has been familiar with the art of music for a long time. Archaeologists constantly find different types of musical instruments in the places where our ancestors lived. It is assumed that the first instruments were percussion instruments. They made it possible to set the rhythm necessary for the same type of work or achievement. Some finds indicate that wind instruments also have their roots in ancient times.

With the development of civilization, people's preferences also changed. Musical instruments constantly progressed, they became more complex and sophisticated, bringing diversity and novelty to human cultural life. Great musicians were revered and given generous gifts, which indicates their high status in society.

The place of music in the modern world

Over time, music became an integral part of the lives of not only idle nobles, but also ordinary people who composed songs about their difficult fate. It can be assumed that the art of music has accompanied humanity since time immemorial and will accompany it until the last representative of our species leaves this mortal coil.

Today, musicians have access to hundreds of different musical instruments. Anyone who decides to take up music will be able to choose an instrument to their liking. However, no matter what bizarre forms modern devices for creating music take, most of them can be classified as drums, strings or winds. Let's take a closer look at the main types of musical instruments.

Wind musical instruments

Wind instruments have firmly taken their place in the hearts of music lovers. Both in classical works and in modern musical compositions, their mesmerizing sound continues to delight listeners. There are different types of wind musical instruments. They are mainly divided into wooden and copper.

Wooden instruments produce different sounds due to the shortening of the air flow passing through the instrument. A great example of such an instrument is the flute. In it, by opening or closing holes on the body, you can make the sound higher or lower. Such instruments appeared quite a long time ago and were originally made of wood, which was the reason for their name. These include oboe, clarinet and saxophone.

The sound of brass instruments is influenced by the strength of the air flow and the position of the musician's lips. The main material from which such tools are made is metal. Most brass instruments are made from brass or copper, but there are exotic options made from silver. Initially, such instruments could only produce sounds, but over time they acquired mechanisms that allowed them to extract chromatic tones. The most famous representatives of brass instruments include tuba, trombone, horn, and various types of this type can diversify any composition with their bright and rich sound.

Stringed musical instruments are extremely popular in modern society. In them, the sound is extracted due to the vibration of the string and is amplified by the body. There are different types of musical instruments that use strings to create sound, but all of them can be classified as plucked, bowed or percussion instruments.

Plucking a string is used to create music. Prominent representatives of plucked instruments are such popular instruments as guitar, double bass, banjo, and harp. Bowed instruments differ from their plucked counterparts in that they use a bow to produce notes. It slides along the strings, causing them to vibrate. Violin, viola, cello are the most famous bowed instruments. The most popular percussion string instrument is the piano. In it, notes are struck by striking a stretched string with a small wooden mallet. For ease of playing, musicians are provided with a keyboard interface, where each key corresponds to a different note.

musical instruments

It's hard to imagine a modern musical ensemble without drums. They set the rhythm of the entire composition, create the pulse of the song. The rest of the musicians in the group follow the rhythm set by the drummer. Therefore, percussion types of musical instruments are rightfully considered one of the oldest and most important means of creating music.

Percussion instruments are divided into membranophones and idiophones. In membranophones, sound is extracted from a membrane stretched over the body of the instrument. These include such popular representatives of the musical world as tambourine, drums, timpani, bongos, djembe and countless other instruments. In idiophones, the sound is produced by the entire instrument, or the instrument consists of many sounding elements of different pitches. For example, xylophone, vibraphone, bells, gong, triangle are just a few examples of idiophones.

Finally

Whatever type of musical instrument you choose, the main thing to remember is that music is created not by the instrument, but by the musician. A good musician will extract a beautiful melody from empty tin cans, but even the most expensive instrument will not help someone who does not like music sound good.