At the end of 2016, all organizations must submit annual financial statements. We will tell you about its composition, deadlines and addresses for submitting reports in our consultation.

Composition of the annual financial statements 2016.

The annual financial statements consist of a balance sheet, a statement of financial results and appendices to them (Part 1 of Article 14 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ).

• Statement of changes in equity;
• Cash flow statement;
• Report on the intended use of funds (for non-profit organizations);
• other applications (explanations).

We talked about the composition of the reporting of organizations that have the right to use simplified accounting in.

The forms of annual financial statements for 2016 were approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n.

Here are easy-to-download forms of annual financial statements for 2016 with the “Code” column:

The form of the explanatory note to the 2016 annual financial statements has not been approved, therefore the organization determines the format and procedure for presenting explanations independently. Explanations can be presented in tabular or text form. When forming explanations in tabular form, an organization must take into account the example given in Appendix No. 3 to Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n.

When and where to submit annual reports

An organization must submit its annual financial statements at its location no later than March 31 to the following addresses:

• to the tax office (clause 5, clause 1, article 23 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
• territorial statistics body (Article 18 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ).

If March 31 coincides with a weekend, reports can be submitted no later than the next working day (Clause 7, Article 6.1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

For 2016, annual reports must be submitted to the Federal Tax Service and Rosstat.

Financial statements submitted to the Federal Tax Service on paper must be drawn up on machine-readable forms.

Machine-readable financial reporting forms in PDF can be downloaded from.

If an organization is subject to mandatory audit (Article 5 of Federal Law No. 307-FZ of December 30, 2008), an audit report must also be submitted to Rosstat as part of the annual financial statements, which confirms the accuracy of the financial statements presented (Clause 5 of PBU 4/99). If at the time of submitting reports to the statistical authorities, the audit in the organization has not been completed, the report can be submitted later. This must be done no later than 10 business days from the day following the date of the audit report, but certainly before December 31 of the year following the reporting year inclusive (clause 2 of Article 18 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ).

Organizations are not required to submit an audit report to the tax office.

Vladimir MALYSHKO
Expert "PBU"

All organizations, with the exception of budgetary ones, are required to submit annual financial statements to the founders, members of the organization or owners of its property, as well as to the territorial bodies of state statistics at the place of their registration.

State and municipal unitary enterprises must submit it to the bodies authorized to manage state property (Article 15 of the accounting law). In addition, taxpayers are required to submit financial statements to the tax authorities (subclause 4, clause 1, article 23 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Composition of reporting

The composition of financial statements for organizations (except for budgetary and public ones) is determined by the law on accounting. It includes a balance sheet (Form No. 1), a profit and loss statement (Form No. 2), appendices to them, an explanatory note and an audit report confirming the reliability of the organization’s financial statements, if the organization is subject to mandatory audit in accordance with the federal laws of the Russian Federation (p. 2 Article 13 of the Accounting Law).

Let us remind you that a mandatory audit is carried out in cases where:

the volume of revenue of an organization or individual entrepreneur from the sale of goods, products, performance of work, provision of services for the year exceeds 500,000 minimum wages or the amount of balance sheet assets exceeds 200,000 minimum wages at the end of the reporting year.

The same financial indicators oblige state and municipal unitary enterprises based on the right of economic management to conduct an audit. For municipal unitary enterprises, by law of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, financial indicators can be lowered (Clause 1, Article 7 of the Federal Law of 07.08.01 No. 119-FZ “On Auditing Activities”).

PBU 4/99 “Accounting statements of an organization” (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 07/06/99 No. 43n) the appendices to the balance sheet have been clarified. They are a statement of changes in capital (Form No. 3), a cash flow statement (Form No. 4), and an appendix to the balance sheet (Form No. 5) (clauses 27–30 of PBU 4/99).

Non-profit organizations have the right, in the absence of relevant data, not to submit forms No. 3, 4 and 5 as part of the annual financial statements. The listed forms and the explanatory note may not be submitted:

public organizations that do not carry out entrepreneurial activities and, apart from disposed property, do not have turnover in the sale of goods (works, services);

small businesses that are not obliged to conduct an audit of the reliability of financial statements (clauses 3, 4 of the Instructions on the scope of forms of financial statements; approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 22, 2003 No. 67n “On the forms of financial statements of organizations”).

Organizations receiving budget funds are required to provide reporting information on the nature of their use as part of their financial statements in the forms established by the Ministry of Finance of Russia. The composition of the forms included in the annual financial statements is listed in paragraph 6 of the Instructions on annual, quarterly and monthly reporting of budgetary institutions and other organizations receiving budgetary funding in accordance with the budget schedule (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated June 15, 2000 No. 54n).

When forming financial reporting indicators, it is necessary to take into account all nineteen current accounting provisions. Most of them have a special section “Disclosure of information in financial statements”.

Let us recall that in 2003 three accounting provisions came into force: PBU 17/02 “Accounting for expenses on research, development and technological work”, PBU 18/02 “Accounting for income tax calculations”, PBU 19 /02 “Accounting for financial investments” (approved according to orders of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 19, 2002 No. 115n, dated November 19, 2002 No. 114n, dated December 10, 2002 No. 126n). In addition, Guidelines for accounting for special tools, special devices, special equipment and special clothing have been adopted (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 26, 2002 No. 135n).

In connection with the release of these documents, by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 05/07/03 No. 38n, appropriate changes were made to the Chart of Accounts for accounting financial and economic activities of organizations and the Instructions for its application. Following this, the ministry revised the recommendations regarding the preparation of financial statements, taking into account the requirements of the PBU introduced in 2000–2003.

The above-mentioned Order No. 67n approved the Instructions on the scope of financial reporting forms and the Instructions on the procedure for drawing up and submitting financial statements.

The appendix to the order also contains samples of recommended forms of financial statements. Organizations can use them if the indicators given in the forms allow them to comply with the accounting reporting requirements set out in PBU 4/99 and other accounting provisions. If organizations consider that such indicators are not enough, then they have the right to independently develop forms of financial statements, using recommended samples as a basis. In the case of independent development of the balance sheet form, organizations must use the codes of the lines of sections, groups of articles, as well as the codes of the total lines of the recommended form No. 1 (clauses 1, 5, 8 of the Instructions on the procedure for drawing up and presenting financial statements).

Primary requirements

Let us recall some general requirements for financial statements.

If there is insufficient data to form a reliable and complete picture of the financial position and results of the organization’s activities, formed on the basis of the rules of PBU 4/99, it has the right to independently include additional indicators and explanations. They can be transcripts of individual items of the balance sheet and profit and loss statement.

When preparing financial statements, the requirement of neutrality must be observed: the information contained in the statements must meet the interests of different user groups.

Significant indicators about assets, liabilities, income, expenses and business transactions should be presented separately. In this case, an indicator is considered significant if its non-disclosure may affect the economic decisions of interested users made on the basis of reporting information. The organization's decision on whether a given indicator is significant depends on the assessment of the indicator, its nature, and the specific circumstances of its occurrence. An organization can make a decision when an amount is considered significant if its ratio to the total amount of relevant data for the reporting year is at least 5%.

For each numerical indicator of the financial statements, data must be provided for at least two years - the reporting year and the one preceding the reporting year. The exception is the report prepared for the first reporting period. It provides data only for the reporting period. An organization may decide to compare data for a longer period - three, four, five years, etc. This leads to the need to include the corresponding columns (lines) in the financial reporting forms.

If data for the previous and reporting periods are not comparable, the former are subject to adjustment according to the rules established by regulatory acts on accounting. Each significant adjustment is subject to disclosure in explanations indicating the reasons that caused it.

The organization's reporting must include performance indicators of all separate divisions, including those allocated to separate balance sheets.

In the financial statements, offsets between items of assets and liabilities, items of profit and loss are not allowed, except in cases where such offset is provided for by the relevant accounting provisions.

Annual financial statements must be prepared and presented to interested parties within 90 days after the end of the reporting year. Therefore, the last day for submitting reports for 2003, due to the fact that 2004 is a leap year, will be March 30 inclusive.

Before you begin preparing financial statements, you must complete certain steps.

Error correction

Errors are often made in the accounting process. Moreover, they can be both technical and methodological in nature. The first type of errors includes arithmetic, programming, etc. Errors of a methodological nature are often associated with incorrect correspondence of accounts, lack of documents or their insufficiency when reflecting a business transaction, etc. It is quite possible to correct the above-mentioned errors in the process of preparatory work for the preparation of annual financial statements .

There are certain rules for correcting errors. In cases where incorrect reflection of business transactions of the current period is detected before the end of the reporting year, corrections are made by entries in the corresponding accounting accounts in the month of the reporting period when the distortions are identified.

If an incorrect reflection of business transactions is detected in the reporting year after its completion, but for which the annual financial statements have not been approved in the prescribed manner, corrections are made by entries in December of the year for which the annual financial statements are prepared for approval and submission to the appropriate addresses.

In cases where an organization reveals in the current reporting period that business transactions were incorrectly reflected in the accounting accounts last year, corrections are not made to the accounting records and financial statements for the previous reporting year (after approval of the annual financial statements in the prescribed manner) (clause 11 of the Instructions on the procedure for drawing up and presentation of financial statements). Such errors are reflected in the reporting period. If such errors have an impact on the financial result, they are reflected in account 91 “Other income and expenses” as profits or losses of previous years recognized in the reporting year.

Thus, appropriate corrections can be made to the December entries.

They are formalized by accounting certificates with the mandatory details of the primary document, defined by paragraph 2 of Article 9 of the Accounting Law.

The reformation of the balance sheet consists of making final entries on the distribution of the amounts of the financial result obtained at the end of the year. Before carrying out it, it is necessary to close accounts 90 and 91.

As you know, account 90 accumulates information about income and expenses from sales for the organization’s regular activities throughout the year, and also determines the financial result for them. Most organizations open 90 subaccounts for account: 90-1 “Revenue”, 90-2 “Cost of Sales”, 90-3 “Value Added Tax”, 90-9 “Profit/Loss from Sales”. In addition, the following subaccounts can be opened: “General business expenses”, “Sales expenses”, “Sales tax”, “Excise taxes”, “Export duties”, etc.

Records on open sub-accounts during the reporting period are kept cumulatively.

At the end of each month, including December, the financial result is revealed on account 90 - profit or loss from the sale of goods, products, work, provision of services, defined as the difference between the amount of sales revenue for the reporting month (credit to subaccount 90- 1) and cost of sales. The latter is defined as the sum of debit turnover for the reporting month in subaccounts 90-2 - 90-8. The identified financial result is reflected in subaccount 90-9 and written off to account 99 “Profits and losses”.

If revenue exceeds costs, then the organization made a profit for this month:

Debit 90-9 Credit 99

- profit from sales for the current month is reflected.

If sales costs exceed revenue, then the organization has incurred losses:

Debit 99 Credit 90-9

- losses from sales for the current month are reflected.

Therefore, at the end of each month there will be a credit balance on subaccount 90-1, and a debit balance on subaccounts 90-2 - 90-8. On the 90-9 subaccount, the balance can be either debit or credit. In general, the synthetic account does not have a balance of 90 at the end of the last day of the month.

At the end of the reporting year (as of December 31), all subaccounts opened for account 90 are closed with internal entries for subaccount 90-9. The credit balance of subaccount 90-1 is closed by posting:

Debit 90-1 Credit 90-9

- the closure of the “Revenue” sub-account is reflected,

and the debit balances of subaccounts 90-2, 90-3, etc. – with mirror posting:

Debit 90-9 Credit 90-2 (90-3, etc.)

Account 91 summarizes information on other income and expenses (operating, non-operating), with the exception of emergency ones. Subaccounts 91-1 “Other income”, 91-2 “Other expenses”, 91-9 “Balance of other income and expenses” can be opened to account 91. Entries for subaccounts 91-1, 91-2, 91-9 are also made cumulatively.

Thus, all subaccounts of account 91 are not closed during the year.

At the end of each month, by analogy with account 90, the financial result is revealed on account 91. To do this, the amounts of other income (total credit turnover for the reporting month of subaccount 91-1) and other expenses (total debit turnover of subaccount 91-2) are compared. The financial result thus identified is reflected in subaccount 91-9 and written off to account 99:

Debit 91-9 (99) Credit 99 (91-9)

- profit (loss) from other income is reflected.

Based on this, at the end of the month there will always be a credit balance on subaccount 91-1, a debit balance on subaccount 91-2, and a debit balance on subaccount 91-9. Synthetic account 91 has no balance at the end of the last day of the month.

At the end of the reporting year, all subaccounts opened to account 91 are closed with internal entries to subaccount 91-9:

Debit 91-1 Credit 91-9

- the closure of the “Other Income” sub-account is reflected;

Debit 91-9 Credit 91-2

- the closure of the “Other expenses” sub-account is reflected.

Account 99 is intended to summarize information on the formation of the final financial result of the organization’s activities in the reporting year. As mentioned above, at the end of each month, the financial result (profit or loss) from ordinary activities, as well as the balance of other income and expenses, are transferred to separate subaccounts of account 99.

In addition, the subaccounts of the account directly reflect income and expenses associated with emergency circumstances of the organization’s economic activities (they can be a natural disaster, fire accident, etc.):

Debit 99 Credit 01, 04, 10, 20, 41, etc.

- the value of property lost as a result of emergency circumstances is written off;

Debit 10 Credit 99

- materials from the dismantling of property damaged as a result of emergency circumstances were capitalized.

In addition, the amounts of tax penalties due are reflected in a separate subaccount of account 99:

Debit 99 Credit 68

In 2003, account 99, instead of accrued payments to profit, reflected the amounts of accrued conditional expenses (conditional income) for profit tax (URNP and UDNP, respectively) and permanent tax liabilities (permanent tax assets). To account for them, organizations that applied the norms of PBU 18/02 in the reporting year opened separate sub-accounts. Let us recall that the conditional expense (conditional income) for income tax is determined as the product of the accounting profit generated in the reporting period by the income tax rate established by the legislation of the Russian Federation. A permanent tax liability (permanent tax asset) is defined as the product of the permanent difference that arose in the reporting period and the income tax rate. At the same time, permanent tax liabilities (PTL) arise if the expenses that form the accounting profit (loss) of the reporting period are excluded from the calculation of the tax base for income tax for both the reporting and subsequent periods, while income is taken into account only when calculating the tax base reporting period. Permanent assets (PNA) arise when expenses are taken into account when calculating the tax base for income tax in the reporting (tax) period and do not participate in the formation of accounting profit for the reporting and subsequent periods, or income is taken into account only when forming accounting profit. The calculation of the above values ​​is accompanied by the following entries:

Debit 99 subaccount “Conditional expense (conditional income)” Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax”

- a contingent income tax expense has been accrued;

Debit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” Credit 99 subaccount “Conditional expense (conditional income)”

- accrued conditional income tax income;

Debit 99 subaccount “Permanent tax liability (permanent tax asset)” Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax”

- a permanent tax liability has been accrued;

Debit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” Credit 99 subaccount “Permanent tax liability (permanent tax asset)”

- a permanent tax asset has been accrued.

At the end of the reporting year, when preparing annual financial statements, account 99 is closed. In this case, the final entry in December transfers the amount of net profit (loss) of the reporting year from account 99 to the credit (debit) of account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)” with the following entries:

Debit 99 Credit 84

- the net (retained) profit of the reporting year is written off;

Debit 84 Credit 99

- the loss of the reporting year is reflected.

Balance sheet

We wrote in detail about changes in the recommended forms of the balance sheet and profit and loss statement in the material “Reporting for 9 months” (PBU No. 10, 2003). Let us recall that the balance sheet excludes most of the explanations of groups of items. But they are disclosed to one degree or another in Form No. 5. However, organizations can leave the transcripts if they consider that they provide interested parties with the necessary information and give them the opportunity to more deeply analyze the data presented in the balance sheet.

Let's look at some aspects of filling out the balance.

In the balance sheet, assets and liabilities should be presented with a division depending on their maturity (maturity) into short-term and long-term.

Assets and liabilities are presented as short-term if their maturity (maturity) period is no more than 12 months after the reporting date or the duration of the operating cycle, if it exceeds 12 months. All other assets and liabilities are presented as non-current.

The balance sheet must include numerical indicators in a net valuation, that is, minus regulatory values, which must be disclosed in the notes to the balance sheet and profit and loss account.

Negative values, as well as indicators that, in accordance with regulatory documents on accounting, must be subtracted from the corresponding data when calculating the corresponding values ​​(intermediate, final, etc.), are indicated in the financial statements in parentheses (clause 12 of the Instructions).

Under the article “Intangible assets” (line 110), in addition to the intangible assets themselves, expenses for research, development and technological work that are not recognized as such are also reflected. Reflection of R&D expenses on account 04 is determined by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 05/07/03 No. 38n.

Debit 09 Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax”

- deferred tax asset is reflected.

A decrease in deferred tax assets in subsequent periods or their full repayment to reduce the conditional expense (income) of the corresponding period is reflected by the following entries:

Debit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” Credit 09

- the previously accrued deferred tax asset was reduced;

Debit 99 Credit 09

- the deferred tax asset accrued on the disposed object is written off.

The occurrence of taxable temporary differences leads to the accrual of deferred tax liabilities. To reflect them in accounting, the above-mentioned order No. 38n introduced account 77 “Deferred tax liabilities”; in the balance sheet, an indicator with the same name was added to the section “Long-term liabilities” (line 515). The accrual and reduction of deferred tax liability is accompanied by the following entries:

Debit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” Credit 77

- deferred tax liability accrued;

Debit 77 Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax”

- a decrease in deferred tax liability is reflected;

Debit 77 Credit 99

- the deferred tax liability accrued on the disposed object is written off.

In the liability side of the balance sheet in Section III “Capital and Reserves” the indicator “Own shares purchased from shareholders” was introduced (item without number). Its transfer from the group “Short-term financial investments” (line 252 of the previous balance sheet form) is due to the entry into force of PBU 19/02. The regulation determines that own shares purchased by a joint-stock company from shareholders for subsequent resale or cancellation do not qualify as financial investments (clause 3 of PBU 19/02).

In addition, the indicators “Social Sphere Fund” and “Targeted Financing and Revenues” (lines 440 and 450 of the previous balance sheet form) are excluded from the section.

The disappearance of the first indicator is explained by the fact that the formation of a fund is currently not mandatory. Based on the specific situation, the meeting of shareholders (participants) of the company determines the direction of distribution of the profit received.

For commercial organizations, the funds received for targeted financing are reflected primarily as part of future income (clause 20 of PBU 13/2000 “Accounting for State Aid”; approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 16, 2000 No. 92n), therefore they mostly do not use the second indicator .

Non-profit organizations will have to enter an additional line in this section, according to which it will be necessary to reflect the amount of targeted funding.

In the new balance sheet form, retained earnings and uncovered loss are shown on one line 470. However, unlike the previously used form, there is no division into retained earnings of the current year and previous years.

Note that in the annual balance sheet, the data of the indicators “Reserve capital”, “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)” are shown taking into account the consideration by the general meeting of the results of the organization’s activities for the reporting period, decisions made on the payment of dividends, covering losses, etc. In the report In profit and loss statements, net profit is shown in gross terms. Therefore, there will be no equality of values ​​for these items.

In the certificate of availability of valuables recorded on off-balance sheet accounts, in addition to the previously listed values, the amount of intangible assets received for use is also indicated.

Gains and losses report

Lines decoding revenue and cost of goods, products (works, services) sold were removed from the income statement. In many ways, the values ​​given for the abolished lines were duplicated in the explanatory note. In it, organizations typically disclosed information on their main activities with numerical data.

The removal of lines to reflect extraordinary income and expenses is explained by the absence of such in most organizations. However, the requirement of PBU 4/99 to reflect them in the profit and loss statement remains (clause 23 of PBU 4/99). Therefore, when extraordinary income and expenses arise, organizations will be required to increase the number of indicators in the form.

The requirements of PBU 18/02 oblige organizations to reflect in the income statement permanent tax liabilities, deferred tax assets, deferred tax liabilities and current income tax (current tax loss) (clause 24 of PBU 18/02). Based on this, the corresponding indicators are entered into the form.

The proposed arrangement of indicators can be understood if we look at the relationship between consumer goods (TNU) and URNP (UDNP) and the amount of net profit (NP).

The relationship between TNP (TNU) and URNP (UDNP) is established by paragraph 21 of PBU 18/02: TNP (-TNU) = URNP (-UDNP) + PNO – PNA + SHE – IT. Let us express from it URNP (-UDNP) = TNP (-TNU) – (PNO – PNA + SHE – IT).

To determine the amount of net profit, let us turn to account 99. In the absence of extraordinary income and expenses, as well as tax sanctions due for payment, it is determined as the difference between profit before tax (PIT) and the value defined as the amount of conditional tax expense reduced by a permanent tax asset profit and permanent tax liability:

PE = PDN – URNP (-UDNP) – PNO + PNA.

Let us replace the conditional income tax expense in the last expression:

PE = PDN – (TNP (-TNU) – (PNO – PNA + SHE – IT)) – PNO + PNA.

As a result of opening the brackets, we get the following expression:

PE = PDN – TNP (-TNU) + SHE – IT.

For information, instead of dividends per share and expected dividends per share in the next year, information on basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share must be disclosed. The procedure for their calculation is established by the Methodological Recommendations for Disclosing Information on Profit per Share (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 21, 2000 No. 29n).

Let us recall that basic earnings (loss) per share reflects the part of the profit (loss) of the reporting period attributable to shareholders - owners of ordinary shares.

It is defined as the ratio of basic profit (loss) of the reporting period to the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the reporting period.

The basic profit (loss) of the reporting period is determined by reducing (increasing) the profit (loss) of the reporting period remaining at the disposal of the organization after taxation and other obligatory payments to the budget and extra-budgetary funds by the amount of dividends on preferred shares accrued to their owners for the reporting period.

Earnings dilution means a decrease in earnings (increase in loss) per ordinary share as a result of a possible future issue of additional ordinary shares without a corresponding increase in the company's assets.

As part of the “Decoding of individual profits and losses”, it will be necessary to indicate the amount of deductions to valuation reserves. Compared to the previously indicated amount of reserves for reducing the value of inventories (clause 25 of PBU 5/01 “Accounting for inventories”; approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 06/09/01 No. 44n), it will be necessary to take into account other amounts for created reserves:

for depreciation of financial investments (clause 38 of PBU 19/02);

formed in connection with the consequences of conditional facts of economic activity (clause 8 of PBU 8/01 “Conditional facts of economic activity”; approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 28, 2001 No. 96n);

for obligations arising as a result of recognition of activities as discontinued (clause 8 of PBU 16/02 “Information on discontinued activities”; approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 2, 2002 No. 66n);

for doubtful debts (clause 70 of the Regulations on accounting and financial reporting in the Russian Federation; approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 29, 1998 No. 34n).

Statement of changes in equity

Form No. 3 has undergone great changes - it is almost unrecognizable.

In its previous form, only the reference section has been preserved.

The report consists of two sections: “Changes in capital” and “Reserves”. Moreover, if we compare it with the previously used form, the table in section 1 is inverted.

The lines in the previous form of the “Capital” section became columns in the “Change in Capital” section, and vice versa, the columns of the old section became lines of the new one.

Changes in capital and reserves in accordance with paragraph 10 of PBU 4/99 are reflected not only for the reporting year, but also for the previous one.

The “Reserves” section provides a breakdown of the components of reserve capital.

Previously, they had to be filled out directly on the balance sheet form.

In addition, the table also reflects the movement of estimated reserves and reserves for future expenses.

The form of the report certificate has not changed. It shows net assets, as well as funds received from the budget and extra-budgetary funds for capital investments and current expenses. Note that to calculate net assets, it is necessary to use the procedure for their assessment, approved by the joint order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia and the Federal Commission for the Securities Market dated January 29, 2003 No. 10n, 03-6/pz.

Cash flow statement

And in this form, information must be shown for at least two years: the reporting year and the previous one.

The report, as before, is divided into three parts (only unlike the previous form, the division occurs horizontally). They reflect the cash flow for current, investing and financing activities.

Current activity is an activity that pursues making a profit as the main goal or does not have making a profit as such a goal in accordance with the subject and goals of the activity, i.e. by producing and selling products, selling goods, performing work, providing services, etc. . P.

Investment activity is an activity related to the acquisition of land, buildings and other real estate, equipment, intangible assets and other non-current assets, as well as their sale. In addition, investment activities include own construction, R&D, financial investments (purchase of securities of other organizations, including debt, contributions to the authorized (share) capital of other organizations, provision of loans to other organizations, etc.).

The composition of the indicators has changed somewhat. Thus, the indicators “Proceeds from the repayment of loans provided to other organizations” and “Proceeds from the issue of shares and other equity securities” appeared in the sources of funds. In the direction of spending funds - “Acquisition of subsidiaries”. Carrying out the above operations in the reporting year will oblige the organization to provide similar data for 2002.

New indicators are “Net cash from operations” and “Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents.” The first indicator is the difference between the inflow and outflow of funds reflected in the report for the relevant type of activity. The second is the amount of net cash from three activities.

It is understood as a change in the entire aggregate of monetary and equivalent funds at the disposal of the organization during the reporting period.

The procedure for presenting information on the movement of funds in foreign currency has been preserved.

All indicators are first generated in the corresponding currency. Then, for inclusion in the general report, they are recalculated into rubles at the Bank of Russia exchange rate on the reporting date.

In addition, it is necessary to provide information on the magnitude of the impact of changes in the exchange rate of foreign currency against the ruble in the last line of the form.

The reference section, in which it was necessary to provide data on cash flows, has been excluded.

Appendix to the balance sheet

For fixed assets, as before, the grouping of indicators in terms of the cost of objects and accrued depreciation does not coincide. Thus, the initial cost is deciphered, in particular, into “buildings”, “structures and transmission devices”, “machinery and equipment”, “vehicles”, while depreciation is deciphered into “buildings and structures”, “machinery, equipment, vehicles” .

New indicators have been introduced: “Fixed assets received for lease” and “Real estate objects accepted for operation and in the process of state registration.” The appearance of both indicators is explained by the requirement of paragraph 32 of PBU 6/01 “Accounting for fixed assets” (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 30, 2001 No. 26n). It also explains the expansion of reference data by reflecting information on changes in the value of fixed assets as a result of completion, retrofitting, reconstruction and partial liquidation.

Note that the tenant, depending on the terms of the lease agreement, can account for the leased property both in account 01 and in off-balance sheet account 001.

There is no need to divide the totals for fixed assets into values ​​related to production and non-production facilities. This requirement has been withdrawn.

Two sections have appeared that reflect information on expenditures on R&D and on the development of natural resources. Each section provides information on work in progress and the amount of expenses included in the reporting period as non-operating expenses as those that did not produce positive results (in the case of R&D) or were ineffective. At the same time, expenses for unfinished work are given at the beginning and end of the reporting period, for those attributed to non-operating expenses - for the reporting period and the same period last year (it must be assumed that there was a typo in the application for expenses for the development of natural resources).

The “Financial Investments” section has been expanded. When filling it out, you must be guided by the standards of PBU 19/02.

Previously, the division of financial investments into short-term and long-term was carried out in the balance sheet: long-term - reflected in non-current assets, short-term - in current assets. The criterion for this separation may be a specified repayment period or an intention regarding the holding period of the financial investment.

Bonds (bills), the terms of placement of which provide for their repayment more than 12 months after the reporting date, or shares can be classified as long-term financial investments. But if these assets were acquired for the purpose of resale, then they should be reflected as part of short-term financial investments.

In addition to the total amounts of investments, the new form contains information on those types of investments that have a current market value. Let us recall that in accordance with PBU 19/02, for the purposes of subsequent assessment, financial investments are divided into two groups: financial investments for which the current market value can be determined, and financial investments for which their current market value is not determined.

Financial investments for which the current market value can be determined are reflected in the financial statements at the end of the reporting year at the current market value by adjusting their valuation as of the previous reporting date.

The difference between the assessment of financial investments at the current market value as of the reporting date and the previous assessment of financial investments is attributed to the financial results of a commercial organization as part of operating income or expenses or an increase in income or expenses of a non-profit organization in correspondence with the financial investment account.

Financial investments for which the current market value is not determined are subject to reflection in accounting and financial statements as of the reporting date at their original cost (clauses 19–21 of PBU 19/02).

In the section “Receivables and payables” the composition of indicators has been significantly changed. It largely corresponds to the transcripts given earlier in the balance sheet. Thus, accounts receivable include settlements with buyers and customers, advances issued and others. Moreover, it is divided into short-term and long-term. For short-term accounts payable, as before, the balance sheet highlights information on settlements with suppliers and contractors, advances received, settlements for taxes and fees, credits, and borrowings. Long-term debt includes loans and borrowings.

Data on debts are provided only at the beginning and end of the reporting year, without the amounts that arose and repaid obligations during the reporting period.

There is no need to provide data on overdue debts, as well as information from the certificate in the section: information on the movement of bills, a list of debtors and creditors with the largest debt, the actual cost of products supplied.

Collateral issued and received are separated into a separate section. In addition to the total amounts of collateral, data on bills received and issued as collateral are indicated. A bill of exchange issued by the buyer of goods (products, works, services) directly to the organization for goods (products, works, services) supplied to him can be recognized as received. A bill of exchange that an organization transferred to confirm its debt to the supplier for goods purchased from him (products, works, services) can be recognized as issued as security.

This section also provides information about the property pledged and pledged.

A new section “State aid” has been introduced. It contains information on budget funds and budget loans. At the same time, for budgetary funds the amounts received for the reporting and previous periods are given. For budget loans, it is necessary to indicate the amounts at the beginning and end of the reporting period, as well as their movement during the year.

Report on the intended use of funds received

Form No. 6 remains virtually unchanged. The only thing is that an additional indicator “Expenses related to business activities” has been added to the section on the use of funds.

Explanatory note

The requirements for information that it is advisable to include in the explanatory note are defined in paragraph 19 of the Instructions on the procedure for drawing up and presenting financial statements.

The explanatory note, as a rule, indicates a brief description of the organization’s activities (regular, current, investment and financial), provides the main financial indicators for both the organization as a whole and for individual types of activities, and describes the factors that influenced the organization’s performance in 2003 , and also provides decisions based on the results of consideration of the annual financial statements and distribution of net profit.

When presenting in the explanatory note the main performance indicators characterizing qualitative changes in the property and financial situation, the reasons for their occurrence, if necessary, the accepted procedure for calculating analytical indicators (profitability, share of own working capital, etc.) should be indicated.

When assessing the financial condition for the short term, indicators for assessing the satisfactoriness of the balance sheet structure can be given: current liquidity, the provision of own funds and the ability to restore (loss) of solvency. When characterizing solvency, you should pay attention to such indicators as the availability of funds in bank accounts, in the organization's cash desk, losses, overdue accounts receivable and payable, loans and borrowings not repaid on time, completeness of transfer of relevant taxes to the budget, paid (payable) ) penalties for failure to fulfill obligations to the budget. You should also pay attention to the assessment of the organization’s position on the securities market and the reasons for the negative phenomena that have taken place.

The explanatory note may also contain an assessment of the organization’s financial position for the long term, indicating the characteristics of the structure of the organization’s sources of funds, the degree of dependence of the organization on investors and creditors. In addition, it is advisable to reflect the dynamics of investments for previous periods and for the future.

An assessment of the organization's business activity can also be given. Its criteria are: the breadth of markets for products, including the availability of export supplies, the reputation of the organization, expressed, in particular, in the fame of clients using the organization’s services, and other information.

It would be advisable to include in the explanatory note a description of future capital investments, ongoing economic activities, environmental measures and other information of interest to possible users of the financial statements.

If during the reporting period the organization observed facts of non-application of accounting rules (since the latter did not allow them to reliably reflect the property status and financial results of its activities), then this is indicated in the explanatory note and appropriate explanations are given. The note should also reflect possible changes in accounting policies for the next year.

Of course, not all organizations will be able to disclose the information recommended by the Russian Ministry of Finance in their explanatory note. But the big ones should strive for this.

Please note that the information recommended for inclusion in the explanatory note concerns not only accounting issues. Therefore, in addition to accounting, other services of the organization must participate in the preparation of the annual report.

1. In conclusion, we would like to remind you once again that the above-mentioned forms of financial statements are recommended by the Russian Ministry of Finance for use. Organizations, depending on the specifics of their financial and economic activities, independently decide on their use or on the development of their own accounting reporting forms based on them. Modern kinds accounting financial

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According to this law, information about each economic entity of the Russian Federation is systematized using certain accounting standards adopted and approved by the state, and is transferred to the federal authorities for them to perform a number of functions, which generally represent control and supervision of the movement of funds of the enterprise.

Annual and interim financial statements

Of course, in addition to annual reporting, enterprises, depending on their form and taxation regime, there are also other types that are submitted by the enterprise for the reporting year. We are talking about interim financial statements, which are submitted once a month, quarterly, for six months and for nine calendar months, but they differ significantly from the annual one. We can say that the composition of the annual financial statements provides, in general, similar accounting data - the balance sheet of the enterprise, as well as the statement of financial results and appendices to them, however, these data are compiled from various information and have different volumes.

The interim balance sheet is compiled for a shorter reporting period and is only an abbreviated form of reporting, and the annual balance sheet is submitted at the end of the year, it is final and therefore represents a summation and generalization of all data on the financial and property condition of the enterprise.

In addition, to the submitted reports, the Accounting Regulations PBU 4\99 also provide for the provision of an explanatory note (explanations to the balance sheet and report), as well as an audit report for enterprises that are required to undergo a mandatory audit. In addition to them, other additional explanations or indicators may be required if the submitted reports are insufficient to provide a complete picture of the state of the enterprise.

The obligation to maintain accounting records of an enterprise is assigned to all entities that operate in the territory of the Russian Federation. The law establishes only one exception to the general rule - for enterprises operating under the simplified tax system (STS), which are required to keep records of fixed assets, as well as intangible assets, which means that full-fledged accounting is not mandatory for them. Thus, for enterprises using the simplified tax system, it is enough to maintain a Book of Income and Expenses, as well as accompanying documents confirming income received and expenses incurred.

But if we are talking about an LLC that pays dividends to its participants, then in order to correctly divide the net profit, the Chart of Accounts (Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 N 94n), as well as the Instructions for its application, must be taken into account. The Plan and the Instructions for it involve determining profit based specifically on accounting data. This rule is confirmed by the letter of the Ministry of Finance dated February 17, 2008 N 03-04-06-01/6, drawn up in response to a request to clarify the procedure for determining profit for the purpose of paying dividends to participants.

On the one hand, annual financial statements, which must be prepared strictly according to methodological recommendations, represent another serious concern for the head of the enterprise and his accounting department. On the other hand, it also performs a number of functions, among which the main one is the calculation of all taxes due from the enterprise’s profits to the budget. In addition, annual financial statements give the manager a complete picture of the volume of revenue, the turnover of the enterprise, as well as problems and debts, both to counterparties and to fiscal authorities.

Procedure for preparing financial statements

Each enterprise that is required to maintain comprehensive accounting records first of all determines its own accounting policy, draws up a chart of accounts used, forms of primary documents, approves the rules of document flow, as well as the procedure for conducting inventory. Since the annual financial statements are formed from articles that include indicators about the results of the enterprise’s activities based on reconciliations and calculations, it is the inventory that becomes the first stage of reporting. An approximate procedure for preparing financial statements of an enterprise is as follows:

1. Inventory. It is carried out on the basis of the Order of the head of the enterprise, in accordance with the requirements of the Methodological Instructions (dated 06/13/95 N 49 and dated 12/28/01 N 119n.), with the mandatory participation of an approved commission.
2. Reconciliation of mutual settlements with counterparties - creditors and debtors of the enterprise, as well as the budget, extra-budgetary funds and other organizations.
3. Preparation of all accounting entries based on the first two stages completed.
4. Closing the company's accounts in order of lowest priority - since the purpose of this reporting is to collect data, in fact, on the size and changes in the company's income over the past year, therefore, the most important accounts of the company's income and expenses are closed last.
5. Entering data into the financial statements of the established form while simultaneously determining the information that the company will indicate in the explanatory note for the tax authority.
6. , including data from subsidiaries, if any.

Due to the fact that it is annual reporting that is being prepared, all stages of this reporting procedure, including inventory and reconciliations, should be as close as possible to the reporting date and should be carried out no more than two months before the end of the reporting period. The data themselves, according to the law, must include the results of the reporting calendar year in the period from January 1 to the end of the year, that is, until December 31 inclusive. If an enterprise has just registered and its registration date falls before October 1, then reporting is generated from the registration date to the end of the reporting year. If the enterprise is registered later than October 1, then reporting in this case is submitted for the period from the date of registration until the end of the next calendar year.

Submission forms

Any financial statements are generated and submitted to authorized bodies on the basis of approved standard forms. Regardless of the form, reporting must contain:

• the name of the form in which it is compiled,
• the stated date of the specific reporting period for which the report is submitted,
• name of the organization and its legal form
• procedure (form) for presenting reporting indicators.

To date, the following standard forms for submitted reporting are provided:

• No. 1 “Balance Sheet”
• No. 2 “Profit and Loss Statement”
• No. 3 “Statement of changes in capital”
• No. 4 “Cash Flow Answer”
• No. 5 “Appendices to the Balance Sheet”
• No. 6 “Report on the intended use of funds received.”

In addition to the above, an explanatory note is submitted to the annual balance sheet, as mentioned above. An important condition for preparing reports on any of the accepted forms is the absence of blots and erasures.

The regulations governing the preparation of financial statements provide for the inclusion in the reporting of indicators not only of the reporting year, but also, at a minimum, indicators of the two previous reporting years. For indicators of previous reporting periods, the forms provide corresponding columns. An enterprise can present in its reporting indicators for a larger number of years - in this case, in its reporting, the enterprise independently provides and enters an additional number of required columns.

Video - “Preparing and submitting financial statements in 2015”

The annual financial statements consist of the Balance Sheet, the Statement of Financial Results and appendices thereto. Such a list is established by Part 1 of Article 14 of the Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ.

This conclusion follows from paragraphs 2 and 4 of Order No. 66n of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 2, 2010 and is confirmed by letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 23, 2013 No. 03-02-07/2/18285.

Thus, the financial statements include the following documents:

• Balance sheet (see. );

• Income statement;

• Explanations to the Balance Sheet and the Statement of Financial Results (in text and (or) tabular forms);

• Statement of changes in equity;

• Cash flow statement (see);

• Report on the intended use of funds.

As part of the interim reporting, prepare a Balance Sheet and an Income Statement. The remaining forms need to be completed only at the end of the year. This procedure follows from Part 3 of Article 14 of the Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ and paragraph 49 of PBU 4/99.

Accounting statements must provide a true and complete picture of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position. Therefore, the Explanations to the Balance Sheet and the Financial Results Statement disclose information related to the organization’s accounting policies, as well as Additional Information , which is not included in the Balance Sheet and the Statement of Financial Results, but is necessary for users of financial statements for a real assessment of the financial position of the organization (clause 6, 24 PBU 4/99, letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated January 9, 2013 No. 07-02-18 /01).

The organization determines the composition and content of explanations independently, taking into account the content of paragraphs 24–27 of PBU 4/99 and other accounting provisions.

A report on the targeted use of funds is submitted by all organizations that received targeted funds in the reporting year.

For more information on the composition of financial statements, see table.

Some organizations may conduct accounting and prepare annual financial statements in a simplified version. These include:

• organizations that have received the status of participants in the Skolkovo project;

• non-profit organizations.

At the same time, the simplified accounting and reporting procedure cannot be used, in particular, by microfinance, state and self-regulatory organizations, as well as non-profit organizations recognized as foreign agents.

Small businesses

Situation: what forms should be used to submit a Balance Sheet and a Statement of Financial Results for a small enterprise?

The balance sheet and financial performance statement of a small enterprise can be submitted using both generally established and special forms.

Participants of the Skolkovo project

Participants in the Skolkovo project have the right to use special simplified forms of accounting reporting. Forms are provided for them:

• Balance sheet and Statement of financial results, given in Appendix No. 5 to Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n (for commercial organizations);

• Balance sheet and Report on the intended use of funds, given in Appendix No. 6 to Order No. 66n of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 2, 2010 (for non-profit organizations).

Similar conclusions follow from paragraph 3 of part 4 of article 6 of the Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ and the letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia of December 27, 2013 No. 07-01-06/57795 (brought to the attention of the tax inspectorates by the letter of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated 17 March 2014 No. GD-4-3/4788).

At the same time, the use of simplified forms is a right, not an obligation. Therefore, organizations participating in the Skolkovo project can prepare reports in the generally established manner. That is, submit as part of the reporting the Balance Sheet and the Statement of Financial Results in the main forms given in Appendix No. 1 to Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n.

Reporting Indicators

The financial reporting forms approved by Order No. 66n of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 2, 2010, contain indicators reflecting the financial and property position of the organization. A number of indicators included in different forms are the same. The relationship between the indicators of standard forms of financial statements is presented in tables. Use them to check the accuracy of your reporting.

Standard forms of the Balance Sheet, Statement of Financial Results, Statement of Capital Flows and Statement of Cash Flows are formed by groups of items (for example, “Financial investments”, “Other income”). Organizations determine the detail of these items independently, based on the significance of a particular indicator (clause 3 of Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n). In this case, for each line, where necessary, substrings are entered. They indicate the numerical values ​​that are part of the aggregated indicators provided for in the standard form. You need to enter substrings for significant indicators. You don’t have to separate unimportant indicators into substrings. An indicator is significant if without information about it it is impossible to correctly assess the financial position of the organization.

If reporting is submitted to executive authorities (for example, to state statistics authorities, tax inspectorates), then assign a code to each indicator in accordance with Appendix 4 to Order No. 66n of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 2, 2010. Enter the code in the appropriate box. At the same time, if the financial statements of certain categories of organizations (for example, small businesses) reflect aggregated indicators that include several indicators, the line code is indicated by the indicator that has the largest share in the aggregated indicator.

This procedure is established by paragraph 5 of Order No. 66n of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 2, 2010.

The organization determines the materiality criterion independently and prescribes it in its accounting policies for accounting purposes.

Accounting policy

Situation: is it necessary to submit a copy of the order approving the accounting policy for accounting purposes to the tax office?

No no need.

The legislation does not contain such requirements. In addition, the essential elements and principles of accounting policies are disclosed in the Explanations to the Balance Sheet and the Statement of Financial Results, which the organization submits to the tax office (clauses 17, 18 of PBU 1/2008, subclause 5 of clause 1 of Article 23 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation) .

At the same time, the accounting policy for accounting purposes may contain information necessary when conducting audits (for example, the organization’s working chart of accounts, an approved list of primary documents used by the organization, etc.). Therefore, as part of an on-site inspection, the inspection has the right to require this document. The form of the demand is given in Appendix 5 to the order of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated May 31, 2007 No. MM-3-06/338.

Within 10 working days after a written request is received from the inspection, the organization is obliged to submit a copy of the order approving the accounting policy. Such rules are established by paragraph 12 of Article 89 and paragraph 3 of Article 93 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

If an organization does not comply with a request received, it may be fined. The fine will be:

• for organizations 200 rub. (clause 1 of article 126 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);

• for officials (for example, the head of an organization) from 300 to 500 rubles. (Part 1 of Article 15.6 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

Information accompanying financial statements

The explanatory note is not included in the financial statements as of January 1, 2013. That is, starting from reporting for 2012, there is no need to submit an explanatory note. This follows from the provisions of Part 1 of Article 14 of the Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ and is confirmed by letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 23, 2013 No. 03-02-07/2/18285, dated January 9, 2013 No. 07- 02-18/01, information of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 4, 2012 No. PZ-10/2012.

This document is information accompanying financial statements. As a rule, such information is not related to the numerical indicators of the Balance Sheet or the Statement of Financial Results (Report on the Intended Use of Funds). An organization may provide such information if it considers it useful to interested users in making economic decisions. The following indicators are disclosed as part of the information accompanying the financial statements:

• dynamics of the most important economic and financial indicators of the organization over a number of years;

• planned development of the organization;

• expected capital and long-term financial investments;

• activities in the field of research and development work;

• environmental protection measures;

• other information.

From the provision of information accompanying the financial statements, it should be clear that it is not included in these statements. To do this, you must follow the following rules:

• the financial statements should not contain references to such information;

• the name of the information provided should not imply that it is part of the financial statements;

• such information should be separated from the financial statements.