Russian language standard exam options tsybulko. How to write the title of an essay correctly

Unified State Exam 2018. Russian language. Typical test tasks. 14 task options.

M.: 2018. - 136 p. M.: 2018. - 256 p.

The authors of the assignments are specialists who are directly involved in the development of Unified State Exam assignments.

Typical test tasks in the Russian language contain 14 variant sets of tasks, compiled taking into account all the requirements of the Unified State Exam in 2018. The purpose of the manual is to provide readers with complete information about the structure and content of CIM in the Russian language, the degree of difficulty of tasks. The collection contains answers to all test options and provides a detailed explanation of how to complete tasks in one option. In addition, samples of forms used in the Unified State Exam for recording answers are provided. The manual is addressed to high school students for self-preparation and self-control, as well as teachers to prepare students for the Russian language exam. Format: pdf format

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CONTENT
Instructions for performing work 5
Option 1
Part 1 9
Part 2 24
Option 2
Part 1 25
Part 2 40
Option 3
Part 1 42
Part 2 56
Option 4
Part 1 57
Part 2 72
Option 5
Part 1 74
Part 2 89
Option 6
Part 1 91
Part 2 106
Option 7
Part 1 108
Part 2 123
Option 8
Part 1 125
Part 2 140
Option 9
Part 1 142
Part 2 157
Option 10
Part 1 159
Part 2 173
Option 11
Part 1 175
Part 2 189
Option 12
Part 1 191
Part 2 205
Option 13
Part 1 206
Part 2 221
Option 14
Part 1 222
Part 2 235
Replies 237

Information about texts 242
The examination paper consists of two parts containing 25 tasks. Part 1 contains 24 tasks, part 2 contains one task.
3.5 hours (210 minutes) are allotted to complete the examination work in the Russian language.
The answers to tasks 1-24 are a figure (number) or a word (several words), a sequence of numbers (numbers). Write your answer in the answer field in the text of the work, and then transfer it using the samples below to answer form No. 1.
Task 25 of part 2 is an essay based on the text read. This task is completed on answer sheet No. 2.
All Unified State Exam forms are filled out in bright black ink. You can use a gel, capillary or fountain pen.
The points you receive for completed tasks are summed up. Try to complete as many tasks as possible and score the most points.

Option 5. Assignments for the Unified State Exam 2018. Russian language. I.P. Tsybulko. 36 options

Read the text and complete tasks 1 – 3

(1) The bulk of salt in the world is extracted not from sea water, but in salt mines deep underground; underground salt is called rock salt. (2) Its formation dates back to distant times (225-185 million years ago), when the area of the seas was shrinking and land was advancing: closed lagoons dried up, and the evaporated salt formed thick deposits. (3) Over time, huge layers of crystalline salt were covered with layers of various rocks; the salt ended up hundreds of meters underground.

1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The formation of rock salt, from which the bulk of salt in the world is extracted, dates back to ancient times, when the area of the seas was reduced; Over time, thick deposits of evaporated salt were covered with layers of various rocks.

2) The production of rock salt exceeds in volume the production of sea salt, which, when evaporated, forms thick deposits in salt mines.

3) Table salt in ancient times was mined deep underground, in closed lagoons, which in our time have been converted into salt mines.

4) In ancient times, the area of the seas decreased, and the evaporated salt formed thick deposits, which were covered over time with layers of various rocks; this underground salt, called rock salt, is the world's main source of salt.

5) Huge layers of crystalline salt, formed in ancient times and called “rock salt,” are evaporated for about two hundred million years in salt mines located hundreds of meters underground.

2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should appear in the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

Despite this,

because

3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word POWERFUL. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

POWERFUL, oh, oh; -schen, -schen, -schen; more powerful.

1) Very strong in terms of the degree of its manifestation, its action. M. blow. M. gust of wind. M. surf.

2) Distinguished by great physical strength and strength, mighty, indicating great strength (about a person, an animal). M. man. M. horse. Powerful shoulders.

3) Large, massive, thick. M. coal seam. Powerful ice of the North.

4) Capable of completing a lot of work in a period of time (about a mechanism, device). M. engine. M. fan.

5) Significant in its impact on a person’s thoughts and feelings (colloquial). Powerful article.

4. In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write this word down.

Angry

divided

encouraged

beautiful

5. One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word incorrectly. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

After winning the semi-finals, Konstantin began training with DOUBLE force. Just a few years ago this place was a vacant lot, but now there is a MAJESTIC building rising here.

In two months, the northern region received ONE YEAR'S worth of precipitation.

The young teacher felt PRIDE in his work.

Beyond the field one could see a SOLID house with an attic, to the left were two poor huts, behind them was a black forest.

6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

PARTIZAN detachment

LIE ON THE TABLE

THE FINEST threads

present your PASS at the entrance

on both sides

7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS

A) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial phrase

B) disruption of the connection between subject and predicate

B) violation of aspectual-temporal correlation of verb forms

D) error in constructing a complex sentence

D) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech

F. A. Vasiliev in Crimea.

OFFERS

1) Six paintings dedicated to northern Russian nature were painted

2) Vladimir said that “it was then in the old Russian town, in Vologda, that he became interested in history, it was then that he began to study his grandfather’s archives.”

3) After reading this book, it seems to me that it will be useful to many.

4) Sasha was offended by his friend and did not want to talk to him.

5) Those who have admired cherry blossoms at least once have no doubt that this is one of the most beautiful sights.

6) It feels like the waves are rushing onto the island, throwing their salty spray far away.

7) Moscow State University was founded in 1755 on the initiative of the first Russian academician M.V. Lomonosov.

8) When asked to celebrate the victory, the tournament participants replied that we were tired and would go to rest.

9) When the hero came to his senses. It was too late.

8. Identify the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

defend yourself

v..mertuoso

ide..sheet

r..products

pop out

9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write down these words by inserting the missing letter.

hugs, in..south

week..cooked, pos..was

pr..zident, pr..stige

pr..endure, pr..miracle

worthless, not...cheap

10. Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.

aluminum

unplug

underline

lattice

smiling

11. Write down the word in which the letter A is written in place of the gap.

rumbling

bubbling

(parents) tickle..t

dragging (in tow)

(things) is moving

12. Determine the sentence in which NOT is written together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

The gate turned out to be (NOT) LOCKED.

Skotinin was far from a POLITE person.

The sun, which has not yet come into force, warms carefully and affectionately.

He carefully keeps (UN)UNSOLVED feelings in his soul.

A.K. Tolstoy, (UN)WISHING to remain on the sidelines, enlisted in the army during the Crimean War.

13. Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.

There is (NOT) SOMETHING very special about the warm and bright nights of Russian county towns (AT) THE END of summer.

In I. Bunin’s novel “The Life of Arsenyev”, poetry and prose merged (IN) ONE TO deeper reveal the inner world of a person.

(C) CONTINUING the entire viewing, it seemed to me that these illustrations were spreading the earth wider and wider, decorating it with fabulous cities, showing me (C) DALI high mountains, beautiful seashores.

(NOT) LOOKING at the futuristic experiments, in the early lyrics of V. Mayakovsky the feeling still prevails, WHATEVER his comrades claim.

V. Mayakovsky's style from the first poems is ambiguous and (B) BECAUSE of the public's habit of classical poetry, it is difficult to explain.

14. Indicate all the numbers in whose place NN is written.

Many contemporaries (1) considered A. K. Tolstoy to be a proponent (2) of “pure art”, but this opinion was not substantiated by anything (3) about: in the poet’s work there are many poems filled (4) with topical society (5) oh sound.

15. Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The elegy genre involves discussions about life and death, memories of the past, sadness about fleeting happiness.

2) Neither life’s ups and downs nor a privileged position in the world could change the character of G. R. Derzhavin.

3) It gets dark and the last ray of sunlight soon escapes from the room

4) The warrior could rely on neighbors both on the left and on the right and felt their support.

5) Before Lyonka’s eyes, the foggy veil tore apart and an unusual picture opened up.

16. Place punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s).

V. S. Solovyov is known as a philosopher (1) who rebelled against materialism and positivism (2) and (3) who prepared with his works Russian philosophy of the 20th century (4) continued in the works of N. A. Berdyaev, L. I. Shestov, S. N. Bulgakova.

17. Place punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s).

Low house with blue shutters (1)

I will never forget you, -

Were too recent

Sounded out in the darkness of the year...

I don’t know how to admire (2) (3)

And I wouldn’t want to disappear into the wilderness,

But (4) probably (5) forever I have (6)

Tenderness (7) of the sad Russian soul.

(S. Yesenin)

18. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s), in the place of which(s) there should be a comma(s).

The carriage drove up to the estate of the lady (1) about whose cruelty and greed (2) (3) incredible rumors were circulating in the area (4).

19. Place all punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas.

Try to remember any of your days minute by minute (1) and you will see (2) that (3) if you restore this entire flow of time (4) you can write a whole book.

20. Edit the sentence: correct a lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

The company's legal adviser was instructed to express his response to proposals for cooperation received from the Astarta concern within two weeks.

Read the text and complete tasks 21 – 26

(1) In peaceful years, a person, in contentment and happiness, like a bird bathing in the sky, can fly far from the nest and even seem to him as if the whole world is his homeland. (2) Another person, embittered by bitter need, will say: “Why do you keep telling me: homeland! (3) What good did I see from her, what did she give me?”

(4) But a common disaster was approaching. (5) The enemy is ravaging our land and wants to call everything eternal his own. (6) Then both the happy and the unhappy gather at their nest. (7) Even the one who would like to hide like a cricket in a dark crevice and whistle there until better times, understands that now it is impossible to escape alone.

(8) Our nest, our homeland has prevailed over all our feelings. (9) And everything that we see around us, which perhaps we did not notice or appreciate before, like the smoke smelling of rye bread from a snow-covered hut, is now piercingly dear to us.

(10) The homeland is the movement of the people across their land from the depths of centuries towards the desired future in which they believe and which they create with their own hands for themselves and their generations. (11) This is an ever-dying and ever-born stream of people carrying their own language, their own spiritual and material culture and an unshakable belief in the legitimacy and inviolability of their place on earth.

(12) The land of Ottich and Dedich are those banks of deep rivers and forest glades where our ancestor came to live forever. (13) He was strong and bearded, wearing a lengthy long shirt, salty on his shoulder blades, smart and leisurely, like all the dense nature around him. (14) The ancestor could see a lot, looking around from under his palm... (15) “Nothing, we can handle it,” he said and began to live. (16) The graves of his fathers and grandfathers grew and multiplied behind him, and his people grew and multiplied. (17) With wondrous script he weaved the invisible network of the Russian language; bright, like a rainbow after a spring shower, accurate, like arrows, sincere, like a song over a cradle, melodious and rich. (18) He called all things by names and sang everything he saw and thought about, and sang his work. (19) And the dense world, over which he threw the magic net of the word, submitted to him like a bridled horse, and became his property, and for his descendants it became a homeland - the land of Ottic and Dedich.

(20) The Russian people have created a huge amount of oral literature: wise proverbs and cunning riddles, funny and sad ritual songs, solemn epics, heroic, magical, everyday and funny tales. (21) It is vain to think that this literature was only the fruit of popular leisure. (22) She was the dignity and intelligence of the people. (23) She established and strengthened his moral character, was his historical memory, the festive clothes of his soul and filled with deep content his entire measured life, flowing according to the customs and rituals associated with his work, nature and veneration of his fathers and grandfathers.

(24) It was not for nothing that the ancestor weaved a magical network of the Russian language: the entire broad, creative, passionate, seeking soul of the Russian people was reflected in our art of the 19th century. (25) It became global and in many ways led the art of Europe and America.

(26) Russian science gave the world great chemists, physicists and mathematicians.

(27) The first steam engine was invented in Russia, as well as the voltaic arc, wireless telegraph and much more.

(28) Our ancestor probably discerned these deeds of his people in the distance of centuries and then said to this: “Nothing, we can handle it...” (29) Each of us bears the responsibility for our Motherland, for preserving the heritage of our people, strong, freedom-loving, truth-loving, intelligent and not offended by talent.

(According to A.N. Tolstoy)

21. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.

1) A common misfortune forces people to unite to save their homeland.

2) The homeland is a historical past created by many generations; it is a people with its own place on earth with its language and culture.

3) The land of Ottic and Dedic was conquered by our ancestors from enemy tribes who came there to live forever.

4) Oral literature created by the people is just the fruit of people's leisure.

5) Russian art had a great influence on the development of world culture.

22. Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers.

1) Sentence 5 explains what is said in sentence 4.

2) Sentence 10 contains a description.

3) Sentence 13 provides a description.

4) Propositions 21-23 contain reasoning.

5) Sentence 29 presents a narrative.

23. From sentences 8-9, write down antonyms (antonymous pair).

24. Among sentences 19-23, find one(s) that is related to the previous one using a demonstrative pronoun, word forms and cognates. Write the number(s) of this sentence(s).

25. “The article “Motherland” was written by A. N. Tolstoy during the difficult years of the Great Patriotic War. The narrative is permeated with pain for the fate of Russia and at the same time pride for it. Numerous paths help the writer express these feelings, among which (A)___ ("flow people" in sentence 11, "threw a magic net of words" in sentence 19) and (B)___ ("like arrows" in sentence 17, "like a bridled horse" in sentence 19), as well as the lexical means - (B)___ ( “prevailed” in sentence 8, “sang” in sentence 18) and reception - (D)___ (sentences 22, 23).”

List of terms:

1) metaphor

2) comparison

3) dialectism

4) book words

5) phraseology

6) quoting

7) opposition

8) colloquial vocabulary

9) anaphora

26.Write an essay based on the text you read.

Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.

Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting).

Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).

Option 5

Problem

The problem of determining the role of the Motherland in human life. (What role does the Motherland play in a person’s life? What is the Motherland?)

The homeland is a historical past created by many generations; it is a people with its own place on earth with its language and culture. The homeland is the basis of every person’s life, it is his native nest.

Option 5
Job number	Answer	Job number	Answer
			together to
			1245 or any combination these numbers

	divided
			145 or any combination these numbers
	put or put down
			1234 or any combination these numbers
	jump out		give or prepare
	presidentprestige		125 or any combination these numbers
	aluminum		134 or any combination these numbers
			beforenow
	unsolved

For now, Russian language and mathematics are mandatory exams that must be passed in order to receive a certificate. And then try yourself at a university, or, with a clear conscience, go into the army.

Every year the tasks are simplified, so the number of hundred-point works is only growing. To write everything well, it’s enough to get good at it by going through a dozen or two options. General theoretical knowledge will come to mind by itself. Someone will say that there is also an essay (task 25), but there, too, everything comes down to basic things. Complete clichés, from literary examples “War and Peace”. There are a lot of similar essays in the bank of verified works. Study the best ones, see how to build a reasoning. Nothing complicated. Again, it just takes a little practice and you'll get it right.

Structure

Part 1: consists of 24 tasks with a short answer consisting of numbers or a word (phrase). The maximum you can get is 58 points.

Part 2: consists of one task where you need to write the already mentioned essay in the recommended volume of 200 words. Maximum 42 points.

3.5 hours are allotted to complete all tasks.

Explanations for grading assignments

For correct completion of each task in Part 1 (except for tasks 1, 7, 15 and 24), the examinee receives 1 point. For an incorrect answer or lack thereof, 0 points are given.

For completing tasks 1 and 15, you can score from 0 to 2 points. The answer that contains all the numbers from the standard and no other numbers is considered correct. 1 point is given if: one of the numbers indicated in the answer does not correspond to the standard; one of the numbers specified in the answer template is missing.

In all other cases, 0 points are given. The order in which the numbers are written in the answer does not matter. For completing task 7, you can score from 0 to 5 points. For each correctly indicated digit corresponding to a number from the list, the examinee receives 1 point (5 points: no errors; 4 points: 1 error made; 3 points: 2 errors made; 2 points: 2 digits indicated correctly; 1 point: correctly indicated only one digit; 0 points: completely incorrect answer, i.e. the order of numbers in the answer is incorrect.

Unified State Exam dates in Russian

The final dates for the Unified State Examination will be known only in January. But today specialists from Rosobrnadzor are ready to announce the approximate time periods during which testing will take place:

the early stage of the Unified State Examination will take place from mid-March to mid-April 2018 (start date – 03/22/2018);
The main stage of the Unified State Examination will begin at the end of May and will last until the beginning of June 2018. Rosobrnadzor tentatively names the start date as 05/28/2018;
an additional period (taking the Unified State Exam by students who received unsatisfactory grades or missed the main exam due to illness and other valid reasons, documented) is scheduled for the first half of September 2018. So far, the starting date is September 4, 2018.

Let us remind you that the following people can write an application to take the exam early:

schoolchildren who received secondary education before the 2017/2018 academic year;
students who graduated from school with a certificate instead of a certificate;
evening school graduates;
individuals who go to study outside of Russia;
graduates of the current year who completed the curriculum ahead of schedule;
children leaving for sports competitions, competitions, Olympiads and other events of national or international significance;
schoolchildren in need of treatment or rehabilitation on the dates of the main exam.

Statistics for passing the Unified State Exam in the Russian language

The students’ opinion that with good preparation for the Unified State Exam, the Russian language is quite easy to pass is confirmed by official statistical calculations. Thus, in 2017, 617 thousand schoolchildren took part in the examination, of which only 1.6% were unable to overcome the minimum threshold (i.e., score 36 passing points required for admission to a university).

In 2016, there were 2.5% of such students. In turn, only 0.5% of examinees did not achieve the minimum scores required to obtain a matriculation certificate, i.e. half as much as in 2016. According to Sergei Kravtsov, head of Rosobrnadzor, this trend indicates the effectiveness of the “I will pass the Unified State Exam” project, in which lagging students from Chechnya, Dagestan and Tuva took part before testing.

According to statistics, the percentage of schoolchildren who fail the Unified State Exam is gradually decreasing

Rules for the Unified State Exam 2018 in the Russian language

The testing procedure remains the same - students will have 3.5 hours (210 minutes) to complete the tasks. According to the regulations, before entering the examination hall, the student must empty his pockets of any foreign objects, which include cheat sheets, smartphones, cameras, headphones, tablets, smart watches and any other equipment.

When writing a test in the Russian language, the use of any other reference and auxiliary materials is not provided. Schoolchildren are prohibited from changing seats, talking with neighbors, turning their heads in the hope of spying on the answer, and also leaving the classroom without permission and accompaniment of a member of the supervisory commission.

What is included in the Russian language ticket?

The Russian language exam is aimed at:

assessment of the ability to conduct linguistic analysis;
identification of practical language skills in compliance with relevant norms and rules;
communication skills test;
assessing the understanding of written language through the prism of one’s own perception;
testing the ability to compare, analyze, synthesize, generalize, specify and find patterns.

When completing the work, the student will be faced with tasks that will test the level of his knowledge of vocabulary and phraseology, his understanding of language, spelling and punctuation norms, as well as the ability to use speech instruments.

Each ticket includes 26 tasks, divided into two parts:

The first part of the ticket is 25 tasks that require a short answer from the student. In this part of the Unified State Exam, the answer should be given in the form of one or more numbers, a word or a phrase. For correct completion of this part of the test, you can receive 34 primary points, which is 59% of all points for the Unified State Exam. Tasks numbered 2, 3-6, 8-14, 16-24 are scored 1 point, 1 and 15 – 2 points, 7 – 5 points, 25 – 4 points;
the second part of the ticket is an essay on the proposed topic. It should provide a detailed and reasoned answer to the question posed. For correct completion of this part of the test, you can receive 24 primary points, which is 41% of all points for the Unified State Exam.

The entire ticket allows you to earn a maximum of 58 primary points.

Innovations in tickets 2018

Experts from FIPI report that the following changes await schoolchildren in the new Russian language tickets:

One task (numbered 20) was added to the tickets, aimed at testing knowledge of the norms of vocabulary of the Russian language.
The maximum primary points that can be obtained for all work have been increased - now there will be 58, not 57, as in 2017.

Will speaking be included in the exam?

Over the past few years, rumors have increasingly arisen that another part will be added to the Russian language exam - speaking. Lyudmila Verbitskaya, head of the Russian Academy of Education, stated that speaking would become an integral part of the exam back in 2016. Sergei Kravtsov, who heads Rosobrnadzor, also believed that Russian should not be taken at the basic and specialized level, but it is imperative to test the ability of modern schoolchildren to express their thoughts out loud.

The Unified State Exam 2018 will require not only knowledge of the rules, but developed speaking skills

The leadership of the main educational department of the Russian Federation explained the need for this innovation by saying that the ability to apply language norms in practice can only be revealed when a student answers questions orally. This is the only way to understand whether the student knows how to express his thoughts beautifully and cogently, or whether he has simply memorized a certain number of rules.

Speaking did not appear in the Unified State Examination 2017, but at a conference at Moscow State University dedicated to the problems of the modern Russian language, Verbitskaya expressed confidence that in 2018 this part will definitely supplement the national examination in this subject. Not long ago, information appeared on the FIPI website that department specialists discussed the issue of including speaking in the Unified State Exam, having prepared a corresponding project. Today it includes two possible options for improving CMMs:

the first assumes that the student will have to read the text expressively, then take part in a dialogue, and at the end, argueably express his position on some issue, based on the proposed text. You will need to do it in 15 minutes;
the second option includes four types of tasks: expressive reading of the proposed passage, retelling the information read, a monologue on a given topic, and participation in dialogue. 15 minutes will be allotted for all tasks.

When passing the Unified State Examination, audio and video recording of the student’s answers will be carried out, which will then be listened to by members of the examination committee. However, in the CMM versions presented today, there is no speaking in the demo version. It is possible that the new type of Unified State Exam will first be tested on schoolchildren from the 9th grade who will have to take the State Examination.

Firstly, it is easier for them to equip classrooms with the necessary equipment, and secondly, for high school students, errors in the calculations of specialists from FIPI can become critical, ruining the chance of entering a university. It is quite possible that the project will not have time to pass the final approval stage in 2018, but students should prepare for this type of test.

How will the Unified State Exam in Russian affect the certificate?

Let us remind you that the scores that an eleventh grader received for the national exam influence the certificate. The maximum points for this Unified State Examination are 100. If we translate them into the regular school system of assessing knowledge, the picture looks like this:

students who managed to score only 0-35 points are recognized as “failing students”;
schoolchildren who were able to score 36-57 points for testing can qualify for the “three” mark;
58-71 points guarantee the student a grade of “four”;
graduates who score 72 points and above receive an “excellent” grade.

To enter the budget you will need more than 73 points for Russian

The minimum points that should be scored for the Russian language are directly dependent on the goal set by the student:

schoolchildren who do not intend to enter a university can write an exam for 24 points - this is enough to simply receive a certificate;
Students who plan to enroll in higher education must receive a minimum of 36 points on the test. You can overcome this threshold by correctly solving at least 16 tasks from the first part of the ticket. Of course, 36 points will not allow you to qualify for a budget place and a scholarship at the university. As the practice of past years shows, for regional universities the score must be at least 73, but to get into capital universities you need to manage to write the Unified State Examination in Russian with at least 88-94 points.

How to prepare for the Unified State Exam in Russian?

Preparing for the Russian language exam involves regular classes, practicing all existing rules and regulations, memorizing exceptions, and developing punctuation skills. In addition, it is highly recommended to regularly write dictations and short essays on a variety of topics.

Experts say that you should devote most of your time to task No. 26 - the essay will require you to be able to discuss and comment on a specific topic, support your point of view with arguments, think broadly, draw analogies and correctly insert quotes from other sources into the text. To do this, it is worth paying attention to reading classical works, the authors of which raise themes of ideological problems.

Of course, when preparing for the exam, you cannot do without working through the demonstration CMMs developed by FIPI specialists for the new academic year. Of course, there will be no absolute match between the demo versions and the real tests, but the tasks are so similar that it will be easier for you to collect your thoughts during the exam. Only in this case you will not waste time trying to understand the structure of the ticket and its content. You can download official demo versions of CMMs in Russian at the beginning of the article.

At the Unified State Examination in Russian, you should correctly distribute the allotted time. Don't waste precious minutes lingering on difficult tests. You can return to them later, when answers to tasks that do not cause you difficulties are ready. To write an essay, you will need at least 60-70 minutes - creative tasks require time to gather your thoughts, sketch out a draft version of the work, and then carefully rewrite the essay on the answer sheet.

When preparing for the Unified State Exam, train yourself to regularly write essays and dictations.

What should you consider when writing an essay?

The essay involves writing a text in which the following components will be clearly highlighted:

introduction– here you should give a suitable quote, highlight the main idea of the author of the work, talk a little about his worldview, give your own thoughts on this topic, and then move on to the main part;
main part– is divided into several structural components, each of which will be assessed by a commission. Start by formulating the problem, describing its relevance and urgency. Provide comments on the problem, briefly retelling the text in your own words. Next, you need to express the author’s main idea and retell his vision of the issue. Express your opinion on this matter, agreeing with the author or, conversely, giving counterarguments. Your own thoughts should be supported by arguments in the form of quotes from famous personalities, statistical and scientific facts, descriptions of life situations or thoughts of other writers. At least two arguments must be given, and one of them is literary;
conclusion and conclusions– in this part of the essay it is worth summarizing all of the above.

Remember: according to the essay evaluation criteria, the main factor that the commission members will evaluate is the ability to rely on the proposed text. Extensive conclusions and introductions are not very welcome - they should occupy no more than 25% of the entire work. The essay must consist of at least 150 words. If you can write more, correctly covering the main part, that’s good, but work of less than 70 words may not be assessed at all, giving zero points.

“The environmental problem of human responsibility for the preservation of life on earth.” Tsybulko 2018. No. 11
Do people think about the consequences of a cigarette butt thrown on the ground, a packet of chips, or a plastic bottle? More than seven billion people think that one time is nothing...

Option 24 Unified State Exam 2017 Tsybulko
Have you ever thought about how difficult it was for people during the war? How did they manage not to break and survive? How did they overcome all these difficulties? So in this text the author raises the problem...

Unified State Exam 2018 TSYBULKO option 20 - the problem of the role of books in human life
This text touches upon the problem of the role of books in human life.

To attract readers' attention to this issue, Yu. V. Bondarev reflects on how important literary works are in...
The text proposed for analysis touches on the problem of the value of childhood.

To attract the attention of readers to this issue, V. G. Korolenko talks about a young teacher who has only recently started...
Unified State Exam 2018. TSYBULKO. Option 22. The problem is the ability to stand up for yourself.

This text for analysis touches on the problem of the ability to stand up for oneself, not to lose one’s own dignity when faced with vulgarity and rudeness.
To draw readers' attention to this...

according to option 25/ TSYBULKO 2018
Who are intellectuals? How to distinguish intellectuals from “semi-intellectuals”? What kind of person can be called an intellectual? It is these questions that the author of the article, Dmitry, makes us think about...

based on the text by V.P. Krapivin about Zhurka. The problem of loneliness in old age. Collection by I. P. Tsybulko, version 7
Young people live in a modern world full of problems and anxieties, joys and discoveries. In this bustle, we have no time to give our love and care to loved ones: grandparents, who are increasingly...

The problem of a person’s “consumer” attitude towards nature. (Tsybulko 2018 option 15)
Man and nature have existed together on Earth for many years. And this cohabitation did not always benefit both at the same time. The author in his text raises the problem of “consumer” attitude...

The problem of man's immoral attitude towards nature. Collection of Tsybulko, 2018. Arguments.
In the proposed text, the author raises the problem of the destructive influence of human activity on nature.

For a long period of time, human activity did not cause much damage to nature. But...
The problem of gratitude to loved ones, a sense of duty to them. Tsybulko 2018. No. 13.

What makes a person feel grateful towards loved ones? Why do we feel indebted to our family? These are the questions that arise when reading the text of the famous Russian surgeon...
The problem of intergenerational relationships, relationships between adults and children. Tsybulko 2018. No. 7.

What are the relationships between representatives of different generations based on? This is precisely the question that arises when reading the text of V.P. Krapivin. Revealing the problem of the relationship between generations, relations between...
How does war change a person’s worldview and character? This is precisely the question that arises when reading the text by V.P. Astafiev. Revealing the problem of the influence of war on a person’s worldview and character, the author...

The problem of the influence of music on a person according to the text by V. Astafiev In the outskirts of our village stood on stilts Tsybulko 2018 28 version
V. Astafiev in his text raises the undoubtedly important problem of the influence of music on a person. This problem, of course, has been and is relevant at all times. Revealing the topic, V. Astafiev...

The problem of the influence of music on humans. Tsybulko 2018. No. 32.
What effect does music have on a person? Is music capable of awakening very strong emotions in people, causing tears? These are the questions that arise when reading the text by V.P. Astafiev. Revealing...

The problem of the influence of nature on the spiritual world of man. Tsybulko 2018. No. 3.
Does nature influence the spiritual world of man? What feelings do we experience when communicating with the world of fields, meadows and forests? These are the questions that arise when reading the text by K. G. Paustovsky. Revealing the problem...

The problem of teacher influence on students. Tsybulko 2018. No. 21.
What influence can a teacher have on shaping the character of students? How is this influence achieved? These are the questions that arise when reading the text by V. G. Korolenko. Revealing the problem...

The problem of choosing a profession, your life path. Tsybulko 2018. No. 36.
Why is it important for a person to independently and responsibly approach the choice of his profession, his life path? This is precisely the question that arises when reading the text of A.P. Chekhov. Revealing the problem...

The problem of unity between man and nature, Tsybulko 2018 version 3
The author examines the problem of the unity of man and nature. Addressing this topic, Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky colorfully describes his “favorite places” on Prorva, notices the smallest details of living...

The problem of the meaning of a book in a person’s life. Collection of Tsybulko, 2018. Arguments.
1) When did books first appear?

Books in the form in which we see them now appeared only in the Middle Ages. Papyrus, which was rolled up into tubes, replaced them.
By the middle of the 15th century, instead of...

The problem of the meaning of a book in a person’s life. Tsybulko 2018. No. 1.
What qualities distinguish a public figure, a true citizen? Is such a person able to withstand circumstances and power? These are the questions that arise when reading the text of D. A....

The problem of the courage of soldiers in war. Tsybulko 2018. No. 26.
What was the courage of soldiers during the war? This is precisely the question that arises when reading the text of B. L. Vasiliev. Revealing the problem of the courage of soldiers during the war, the author describes the Brest Fortress,...

The problem of moral choice between hypocrisy and sincerity. Tsybulko 2018. No. 12.
What to do in a situation of moral choice between hypocrisy and sincerity? Do you always need to sincerely express your opinion? These are the questions that arise when reading the text by V. S. Tokareva. Revealing...

The problem of deception. Tsybulko 2018. Option 8
In the text proposed for analysis, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov raises the problem of deception. Why do people deceive others? And is deception acceptable in communication?

Reflecting on this problem, the author...
The problem of determining the role of the Motherland in human life. Collection of Tsybulko, 2018. Arguments.

1) Each writer is unique in the richness of his inner world, in the diversity of his creativity. But in the main thing - in love for their great and long-suffering Motherland - all Russian classics are united.
Nikolai...

The problem of a person’s awareness of his fulfillment in life, the relationship between his desires and capabilities. Tsybulko 2018. No. 19.
Does a person understand whether he succeeded in realizing himself or not? How do our desires and realized possibilities compare? These are the questions that arise when reading D. Granin’s text. Revealing the problem...

The problem of responsibility for the fate of the native language. Tsybulko 2018. No. 9
Who is responsible for the fate of their native language? What needs to be done to improve the quality of your native language? These are the questions that arise when reading the text of K.I. Chukovsky. Revealing the problem...

The problem of attitude towards outstanding personalities, idols. Tsybulko 2018. No. 30.
How do people treat outstanding personalities, idols? This is precisely the question that arises when reading the text of A.I. Kuprin. Revealing the problem of attitude towards outstanding personalities, idols, the author relies on...

The problem of attitude towards famous personalities according to the text by A.I. Kuprin Tsybulko 2018. Option 30
What gives rise to a person’s feeling of guilt towards his parents? This is precisely the question that arises when reading the text by Yu. V. Bondarev. Revealing the problem of feeling guilty before parents, the writer narrates...

The problem of the decline of the spiritual culture of our society. Tsybulko 2018. No. 25.
What are the reasons for the decline in the role of spiritual culture in our lives? This is precisely the question that arises when reading the text by D. S. Likhachev. Revealing the problem of the declining role of spiritual culture in our society, the author...

The problem of children's experiences of military events and feasible participation in war. Tsybulko 2018. No. 10
How did the children experience the war events? What was their participation in the fight against the enemy? These are the questions that arise when reading the text of the Soviet writer A.P. Gaidar. Revealing the problem of experiencing...

The problem of people's feats during the war. Tsybulko 2018. No. 2.
What was the feat of people during the war? Was it only at the front that people performed heroic deeds? These are the questions that arise when reading the text of the Soviet writer V. Bykov. Revealing the problem...

The problem of vulgarity. Collection of Tsybulko, 2018. Arguments.
Based on the text by A.P. Chekhov “Military gymnasium teacher, collegiate registrar Lev Pustyakov...”. Arguments.

1) “A knight without fear and reproach” - this is what they call an honest, noble person. But this...
The problem of vulgarity. Tsybulko 2018. No. 8

What is vulgarity? How can vulgarity manifest itself in our lives? These are the questions that arise when reading the text of A.P. Chekhov. Revealing the problem of vulgarity, the author introduces readers to his heroes...
The problem of overcoming life's difficulties during the war years. Tsybulko 2018. No. 24.

How did people survive during the war? What qualities did they demonstrate to overcome difficulties? These are the questions that arise when reading the text of A.P. Platonov. Revealing the problem of overcoming life...
The problem of the reasons for victory in the war. Tsybulko 2018. No. 31.

What helps you win a war? What qualities do soldiers need to defeat the enemy? These are the questions that arise when reading D. Grinin’s text. Revealing the reasons for victory in the war...
The problem of showing parental love. Tsybulko 2018. No. 16.

How strong is parental love for children? Is there anything truer and more devoted than a parent's heart? These are the questions that arise when reading the text by A. G. Aleksin. Revealing the problem of manifestation...
Who is capable of showing compassion and mercy to a captured enemy? This is precisely the question that arises when reading the text of B. L. Vasiliev. Revealing the problem of the manifestation of humanity in war, the manifestation...

The problem of the role of books in human life. Tsybulko 2018. No. 20.
What role do books play in our lives? This is precisely the question that arises when reading the text by Yu. V. Bondarev. Revealing the problem of the role of books in human life, the author relies on his own reasoning. By...

The problem of the role of music in human life (Tsybulko Unified State Exam 2018 version 32)
Music has been around for many years. This type of art was created by people even before the creation of writing. The author in his text raises the problem of the role of music in human life. V.P. Astafiev, arguing...

The problem of the role of memory in human life. Tsybulko 2018. No. 35.
What is the role of memory in human life? What is the value of memory? These are the questions that arise when reading the text of D. A. Granin. Revealing the problem of the role of memory in human life, the author relies on...

The problem of the power of the poetic word. Tsybulko 2018. No. 28.
What is the power of the poetic word? Is poetry capable of awakening different feelings in a person, making him think about the most important things? These are the questions that arise when reading the text of V.P....

The problem of preserving historical and cultural monuments. Tsybulko 2018. No. 4.
Why is it necessary to preserve historical and cultural monuments? Can we consider that the preservation of monuments is related to the preservation of historical memory? These are the questions that arise when reading Valentine's text...

The problem of the fate of Russian villages. Tsybulko 2018. No. 18.
What is the fate of Russian villages? Why do people leave their village homes? These are the questions that arise when reading the text by V.P. Astafiev. Revealing the problem of the fate of the Russian village, the author with pain...

The problem of the similarity between the life of nature and human life. Tsybulko 2018. No. 29.
What are the similarities between the life of nature and the life of man? This is precisely the question that arises when reading the text of M. M. Prishvin. Revealing the problem of the similarity between the life of nature and human life, the author narrates...

The problem of the value of childhood. Collection of Tsybulko, 2018. Arguments.
1) A. M. Gorky wrote the stories “Childhood” and “In People” about his difficult childhood. Among the “abominations” of life, the bright spot was the grandmother - Alyosha’s closest friend. She was a wonderful Russian woman...

The problem of the value of childhood. Tsybulko 2018. No. 23.
What is the value of childhood? Can childhood be considered the most important time in life? These are the questions that arise when reading D. Granin’s text. Revealing the problem of the value of childhood, the author relies on...

FIPI 2018 Tsybulko. Option 15. Problem: man and nature (In the autumn forest everything was yellow and crimson, there was a goat, everything was burning and shining along with the sun.)
Man and nature are closely interconnected. So what influence do they have on each other? Gavriil Nikolaevich Troepolsky, a Russian Soviet writer, discusses this topic, raising the problem of man...

FIPI I.P. Tsybulko 2017 (2 version)
War... This word tells us so much: the death of people, the pain and suffering of mothers, many orphans and terrible memories.

The text of the Russian writer B. L. Vasiliev raises the current...
FIPI I.P. Tsybulko 2017 (35th option)

What is the role of memory in human life? The author of the text, D.A., made me think about this important question. Granin. Reflecting on this problem, he talks about how other writers: L. Tolstoy,...
Tsybulko 2017 version 21 essay The problem of conscience Over time, I begin to understand what is up to a person

What is conscience? Where did she come from? Russian writer and public figure D.A. thinks about these questions in his text. Granin. Granin remembers the funeral of Mikhail Mikhailovich Zoshchenko....
Tsybulko 2018 - 36 version text by A.P. Chekhov Someone comes into the hallway, undresses for a long time and coughs... The problem of attitude towards studying

A diligent, responsible approach to learning in most cases determines a person’s demand as a specialist in various areas of life in the future. It is precisely the problem of attitude towards learning that poses...
Tsybulko 2018 19th version Daniil Aleksandrovich Granin text about Likhachev (I thought that I never understood myself)

In the history of our country there have always been individuals who gave all their time and energy for the development and prosperity of their Motherland. The most visible are cultural figures who promote the ideals...
Tsybulko 2018 30 option the problem of which person can be considered intelligent, the problem of intelligence text by A.I. Kuprin Not so long ago I had the good fortune of talking with a person

Educated, well-read people are the nation’s hope for development and prosperity. Thanks to the intelligentsia, positive leaps and bounds in culture and science are taking place. But what kind of person can...
The Russian language, like no other, expresses national identity, conveys colorful emotional descriptions of events, surrounding reality and emotional experiences. Our native language is not only...

Tsybulko 2018 Unified State Exam 5 option, essay based on a passage about Ottic and Dedich from the work “Motherland” by Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy
In the text proposed for analysis, the famous Soviet writer A. N. Tolstoy raises the problem of the responsibility of each of us for the future of our Motherland. Bearing responsibility for your homeland is...

Tsybulko 2018 Option 6 according to the text by L. N. Andreev
In this story, the author raises the problem of the harsh nature of war and its severe consequences. This problem, I believe, is relevant at all times. In his story, Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev shows how...

Tsybulko Unified State Exam 10 options 2018 Option 3 according to Paustovsky's text
In this story, the author raises the problem of the power of nature, its calming, calming properties. This problem is very relevant in our time: with the modern pace of life, people often forget...